362:, followed by further Yiddish-speaking Jews who had fled pogroms in Ukraine and Poland (1648–1650), and Polish and Lithuanian Jews fleeing wars between Poland, Russia, and Sweden. This group, on the whole, tended to be poorer and have more limited employment opportunities; the wealthier Sephardim repeatedly tried to encourage the Ashkenazi arrivals to re-emigrate to their home countries, without success. It is estimated that the number of Ashkenazi Jews in Amsterdam during this time period, who would have likely composed the majority of the
22:
342:
Ashkenazi Jews but because of the standing of his grandfather and father, he was permitted to join. Halevi had founded a printing house in 1658 with the capital left by his wife's grandfather and eventually became one of the leading Jewish publishers in
Amsterdam. He was admitted to the Amsterdam Guild of Booksellers, Bookprinters, and Bookbinders as a member in 1664 under the name Philips (or Phylips) Levi.
341:
from Spain and
Portugal. Uri Faybesh Halevi initially joined the High German (Ashkenazi) congregation, then switched to a small Polish congregation in 1666, returned to the German congregation in December 1669, and finally became a member of the Sephardic congregation in 1671. This was verboten of
538:. Following its one and only public display at the Anne Frank House, the volume went missing in the 1970s and has never been found. It is possible that the book was stolen from the library directly, or that it was lost when the contents of the library were shipped from Amsterdam to the
394:. The issues usually appeared twice a week, but from certain periods, e.g. 6 December 1686 to 14 February 1687, it was published only weekly, on Fridays. From 8 August 1687 until the final issue, it was published weekly "because the Tuesday issue sells poorly".
563:
The pages of the paper, per the book found by
Montezinos, were 170 millimetres (6.7 in) by 98 millimetres (3.9 in); each page was divided into two columns, separated by a line, and each column contained 38 lines. According to Seeligmann, the
345:
Halevi was at the intersection of
Ashkenazi, Sephardic, and Christian printing through his own background, his membership at the Sephardic synagogue, and his non-Jewish in-laws, as his wife's father, David Pastes, had converted to Judaism.
358:'s publication was divided between the more settled, wealthier Sephardic Jews who had fled from Spain to Portugal to Amsterdam. Newer arrivals were Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews from Germany who had arrived following the breakout of the
320:
was notable for its lack of Hebrew-Aramaic elements and focused on news both specifically Jewish, such as the murder of a Jew in
Hamburg and the fate of the Jewish community in Budapest during the war with the Ottoman Empire.
373:
It is also possible that the paper had a readership outside of what was then the Dutch
Republic. Shlomo Berger was stated that the paper was circulating in Central and Eastern Europe during its brief publication.
533:
was transported to
Germany. They were returned to the synagogue in 1946. In 1969, it was displayed as part of an exhibit on the history of the Yiddish-language press in Germany and the Netherlands at the
422:, bar Avraham Avinu began working for the most influential Ashkenazi family in Amsterdam, the Gomperts, under the printer and businessman Cosman Gomperts in 1688. It is unlikely the publication of
870:
397:
The news published in the periodical, which came from around the world through other Dutch newspapers, was edited and translated by the Jewish convert Moshe bar
Avraham Avinu. Originally from
568:
was printed on double octavo sheets. The type was set in the cursive, run-on font that was used most commonly for publications in
Yiddish between the 16th and 19th centuries.
630:
499:
was for a Jewish readership that was largely unable to read Dutch newspapers. In da Silva Rosa's opinion, which was challenged by
Shatzky in a later editorial, the
438:
After the periodical folded, its existence and history was largely unknown in the Netherlands until 1902, when David Montezinos (1828–1916), the librarian at the
671:
1231:
634:; it mainly contained international news, particularly about wars, followed by economic reports, sparse news from Spain, and an absence of news about Jews.
470:
297:
1434:
447:
266:
242:
513:
382:
The first issue was published on 9 August 1686. It was printed by Halevi from the first issue until 3 June 1687, when publishing was taken over by
367:
411:
and translator, his and other compositors' role in the Jewish and publishing worlds would have been extremely important. He continued to work on
418:
The final known issue of the paper was published on 5 December 1687. Although nothing about the issue indicates it was the final publication of
1464:
1300:
1454:
51:
1459:
657:, not Jewish publications as they were not interested for the Jewish community but rather for merchants interested in trade reports.
550:, and microfilms are kept in the Amsterdam city archives, along with several other libraries in the Netherlands and internationally.
312:
was the first publication not only published by the Jews, but addressed to and for the Jewish community, unlike the Spanish-language
235:
1444:
1356:
978:
805:
778:
366:
readership, was between three and four thousand. The number of translations from Dutch to Yiddish, in the views of historian
1321:
598:(1673) or are considered by some as the first Jewish newspaper, it has been argued that these were only printed by a Jew;
228:
316:, which was not explicitly Jewish but had a predominantly Jewish readership, first published in 1672. The Yiddish used
1418:
1389:
407:, who likely converted to marry his wife, bar Avraham Avinu would have had to learn Hebrew and likely Yiddish. As a
866:
Arranging reality: The editing mechanisms of the world's first Yiddish newspaper, the Kurant (Amsterdam, 1686–1687)
439:
638:
479:
401:, bar Avraham Avinu's first language was most likely German, which made learning Dutch relatively easier. As a
1439:
864:
1378:
Hebrew Typography in the Northern Netherlands, 1585–1815: Historical Evaluation and Descriptive Bibliography
730:"פריחתה הקצרה של העיתונות הידית בהולנד / The Short-lived Blossoming of the Yiddish Press in the Netherlands"
1449:
286:
1201:
539:
495:
was targeted at the Spanish-speaking Jewish community that had settled in Amsterdam as New Christians,
426:
continued beyond this point. By 1694, bar Avraham Avinu had left Amsterdam and set up a print house in
543:
888:
295:
is considered by some as the oldest Jewish newspaper, although others consider the Spanish-language
408:
547:
386:, a Sephardic Jew and one of Halevi's competitors. Single issues published by Halevi were called
669:
folded, a Yiddish-language periodical was not published until January 1781 with the printing of
1137:"Moushe's Choices: Was the Compositor of the Oldest Yiddish Newspaper a Creator or an Epigone?"
383:
302:
542:
in Jerusalem in 1978. Photographs and photocopies of the paper exist and are preserved at the
1225:
624:
402:
909:
359:
83:
571:
When Tartas took over the paper, he included the Amsterdam coat of arms between the words
8:
1271:
1248:
Zamlbukh lekoved dem tsṿey hunderṭ un fuftsiḳsṭn yoyvl fun der Yidisher prese, 1686–1936
1164:
1112:
949:
749:
125:
1414:
1395:
1385:
1352:
1252:
1156:
1104:
974:
953:
941:
801:
774:
741:
281:) and it lasted for little over one year. It covered local news and news from other
1381:
1213:
1148:
1096:
931:
921:
894:
535:
330:
693:
469:
In 1935, Montezinos' assistant and successor at the Portuguese Synagogue library,
1345:"The Low Countries: Arts and Society in Flanders and the Netherlands, a Yearbook"
1344:
1182:
1067:
968:
795:
768:
289:. Issues of the paper were discovered in 1902 by the librarian David Montezinos.
269:(also known as Uri Fayvesh ben Aharon ha-Levi). It was a semi-weekly founded in
646:
214:
1399:
1256:
1217:
370:, suggests that many Ashkenazi Jews were only able to read and speak Yiddish.
1428:
1160:
1108:
945:
890:
The Jewish press: past, present and future: Reflections on a recent symposium
745:
455:
451:
427:
338:
1152:
1069:
Bible Translation as Cultural Reform: The Amsterdam Yiddish Bibles 1678-1679
529:, the library of the synagogue, including the book containing the issues of
1100:
653:) and the Spanish and Italian publications as her "stepsisters" that were,
526:
973:(in English and Hebrew). American Academy for Jewish Research. p. 2.
734:
Iggud: Selected Essays in Jewish Studies / איגוד: מבחר מאמרים במדעי היהדות
579:
The Jewish year also became included as part of the header of each issue.
1406:
194:
168:
104:
75:
1351:. Flemish-Netherlands Foundation "Stichting Ons Erfdeel,". p. 129.
1246:
1168:
1136:
1116:
1084:
753:
729:
442:, bought a book from a street peddler. The book contained 100 issues of
936:
926:
390:(a plural noun), whereas a single issue published by Tartas was called
1085:"Books for the Masses: The Amsterdam Yiddish Book Industry, 1650–1800"
797:
The Dutch Intersection: The Jews and the Netherlands in Modern History
462:; Weinrich described the paper as the "grandmother of Yiddish press" (
337:. Uri Halevi and his son, Aron, were the first Jewish teachers of the
21:
967:
Baron, Salo Wittmayer; Research, American Academy for Jewish (1975).
270:
188:
67:
999:
148:
141:
1189:. No. 50. National Yiddish Book Center. 2006. pp. 8–10.
654:
398:
262:
59:
37:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1011:
987:
614:
were published by de Castro Tartas. An analysis of the archived
133:
1280:
1251:(in Yiddish). Amapṭeyl fun Yidishn Ṿisenshafṭlekhn Insṭiṭuṭ.
334:
329:
Uri Faybesh Halevi (1626–1715) was the grandson of the rabbi
1349:
Arts and Society in Flanders and the Netherlands, a Yearbook
618:
editions from 1675 showed that the content and form of the
1308:
Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies
282:
1413:, Jonathan David Publishers, Middle Village, NY, 1972,
582:
910:"Gazeta de Amsterdam: History and content analysis"
1301:"The History of the Jewish Press in North America"
415:after the transfer from Halevi to Tartas in 1687.
1375:
1286:
1230:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1202:"Two Views of Yiddish Culture in the Netherlands"
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
1426:
1273:Ueber die erste jüdische Ansiedlung in Amsterdam
862:
507:. Shatzky instead postulated that the model for
770:Yiddish Literature: Its Scope and Major Writers
691:
1089:European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe
602:would be considered the first paper published
354:The Amsterdam Jewish community at the time of
966:
349:
236:
285:communities, including those as far away as
1435:Ashkenazi Jewish culture in the Netherlands
773:. F. Ungar Publishing Company. p. 27.
1269:
645:as the "Grandmother of the Jewish press" (
517:, a gentile paper published concurrently.
308:from 1672 as the oldest Jewish newspaper.
243:
229:
1376:Fuks, Lajb; Fuks-Mansfeld, R. G. (1987).
935:
925:
273:in 1686, that was published on Tuesdays (
20:
1342:
1244:
1065:
871:Amsterdam School of Historical Studies
766:
727:
1427:
1082:
793:
540:Jewish National and University Library
333:, who had emigrated to Amsterdam from
16:Yiddish-language newspaper (1686–1687)
1298:
1199:
1130:
1128:
1126:
858:
856:
854:
852:
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848:
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1276:(in German). Sonderabzug. p. 7.
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907:
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836:
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832:
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719:
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715:
637:Mau Kopuit, the chief editor of the
483:delineating the differences between
1465:Publications disestablished in 1687
1072:. University of Oxford. p. 80.
258:Dinstagishe un Fraytagishe Kuranten
13:
1455:Yiddish culture in the Netherlands
1123:
14:
1476:
877:
823:
712:
458:, also wrote about and described
1460:Publications established in 1686
1200:Smith, Mark L. (December 2021).
908:Noci, Javier Díaz (5 May 2020).
863:Pach-Oosterbroek, Hilde (2014).
728:Pach, Hilde; פאך, הילדה (2005).
698:Wina – Das jüdische Stadtmagazin
520:
1411:A History of Yiddish Literature
1343:Erfdeel, Stichting Ons (1993).
1336:
1314:
1292:
1263:
1238:
1193:
1175:
1076:
1059:
767:Madison, Charles Allan (1968).
692:Onlineredaktion (8 June 2015).
1322:"Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad"
1299:Sarna, Jonathan (April 1995).
960:
914:Historia y Comunicación Social
901:
814:
787:
760:
685:
651:Grootmoeder van de joodse pers
622:was comparable to that of the
464:di bobe fun der yidisher prese
1:
1445:Jews and Judaism in Amsterdam
1287:Fuks & Fuks-Mansfeld 1987
1220:(inactive 12 September 2024).
1054:Fuks & Fuks-Mansfeld 1987
1042:Fuks & Fuks-Mansfeld 1987
1030:Fuks & Fuks-Mansfeld 1987
1018:Fuks & Fuks-Mansfeld 1987
1006:Fuks & Fuks-Mansfeld 1987
994:Fuks & Fuks-Mansfeld 1987
678:
446:. Other Yiddishists, such as
324:
25:Title page from 5 August 1687
1270:Seeligmann, Sigmund (1906).
639:Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad
480:Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad
433:
7:
800:. BRILL. pp. 214–217.
473:published an article about
10:
1481:
1369:
970:ספר היובל לכבוד שלום בארון
553:
377:
350:Amsterdam Jewish community
52:List of Yiddish newspapers
1218:10.5117/SR2021.2.002.SMIT
660:
558:
544:Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana
1066:Aptroot, Marion (1989).
694:"Lesen in der Mameloshn"
628:and the French-language
1245:Shatzky, Jacob (1937).
1153:10.2143/SR.40.0.2028844
1083:Berger, Shlomo (2009).
887:Paul, Geoffrey (1986).
573:Dinstagishe/Fraytagishe
548:University of Amsterdam
265:periodical, founded by
261:was the earliest known
95:Monthly web newspapers:
1101:10.3167/ej.2009.420205
794:Kaplan, Yosef (2008).
650:
631:La Gazette d'Amsterdam
594:(1672) or the Italian
384:David de Castro Tartas
26:
672:Vokhentlikhe Berikhtn
625:Amsterdamsche Courant
586:as a Jewish newspaper
24:
1440:Jewish Dutch history
1206:Studia Rosenthaliana
1141:Studia Rosenthaliana
1135:Pach, Hilde (2007).
596:Gazzetta d'Amsterdam
440:Portuguese Synagogue
159:Hotline broadcasting
84:Birobidzhaner Shtern
1450:Yiddish periodicals
592:Gazeta de Amsterdam
471:Jacob da Silva Rosa
314:Gazeta de Amsterdam
298:Gazeta de Amsterdam
32:Part of a series on
1324:. 15 November 1985
1008:, p. 236-237.
927:10.5209/hics.62466
590:While the Spanish
503:was the basis for
448:Sigmund Seeligmann
267:Uri Phoebus Halevi
126:Dos Yiddishe Licht
45:Weekly newspapers:
27:
1358:978-90-75862-95-9
1183:"The Pakn Treger"
980:978-0-231-03911-6
897:. pp. 21–23.
820:Liptzin, 1972, 41
807:978-90-04-14996-0
780:978-0-8044-2584-1
514:Haarlemse Courant
360:Thirty Years' War
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895:Jewish Quarterly
893:. Vol. 33.
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536:Anne Frank House
331:Moses Uri Halevi
306:
263:Yiddish-language
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1187:The Pakn Treger
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606:Jews. Both the
588:
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380:
352:
327:
318:in Die Kuranten
300:
277:) and Fridays (
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111:
90:
54:and periodicals
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1212:(2): 117–138.
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1058:
1056:, p. 236.
1046:
1044:, p. 235.
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996:, p. 242.
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368:Marion Aptroot
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339:New Christians
335:Emden, Germany
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215:Yiddish Moment
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180:Radio programs
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191:– Australia
189:SBS Yiddish
169:Kol Mevaser
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