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the progress of decomposition in water takes a more important role. Investigating the level of inorganic salts in sea ecosystems shows that unless there is an especially large supply, the quantity increases from winter to spring—but is normally extremely low in summer. As such, the quantity of seaweed present reaches a peak in early summer and then decreases. The thinking is that organisms like plants grow quickly in warm periods and thus the quantity of inorganic salts is not enough to keep up with the demand. In other words, during winter, plant-like organisms are inactive and collect fertilizer, but if the temperature rises to some extent they will use this up in a very short period.
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first, this dung is a poor source of nutrition, and so univalves pay no attention to it, but after several days, microorganisms begin to multiply on it again, its nutritional balance improves, and so they eat it again. Through this process of eating the detritus many times over and harvesting the microorganisms from it, the detritus thins out, becomes fractured and becomes easier for the microorganisms to use, and so the complex carbohydrates are also steadily broken down and disappear over time.
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533:, the outer walls of diatoms and coccolithophores, dead skin and scales of fish, and fecal pellets. This material will slowly sink to the seafloor, where it makes up the majority of sediment in some areas. Once settled, the material will not only contribute to sediments but will help to feed different species of
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which multiply in natural environments. These microorganisms do not simply absorb nutrients from these particles, but also shape their own bodies so that they can take the resources they lack from the area around them, and this allows them to make use of excreta as a source of nutrients. In practical
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on land, detritus is deposited on the surface of the ground, taking forms such as the humic soil beneath a layer of fallen leaves. In aquatic ecosystems, most detritus is suspended in water, and gradually settles. In particular, many different types of material are collected together by currents, and
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In land ecosystems, the waste products of plants and animals collect mainly on the ground (or on the surfaces of trees), and as decomposition proceeds, plants are supplied with fertilizer in the form of inorganic salts. In water ecosystems, relatively little waste collects on the water bed, and so
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which are detritus feeders. When these detritus feeders take in detritus with microorganisms multiplying on it, they mainly break down and absorb the microorganisms, which are rich in proteins, and excrete the detritus, which is mostly complex carbohydrates, having hardly broken it down at all. At
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of the consumers, and change shape into large pellets of dung. As a result of this process, most of the materials of dead organisms disappear and are not visible and recognizable in any form, but are present in the form of a combination of fine organic particles and the organisms that used them as
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provides important cover for seedling protection as well as cover for a variety of arthropods, reptiles and amphibians. Some insect larvae feed on the detritus. Fungi and bacteria continue the decomposition process after grazers have consumed larger elements of the organic materials, and animal
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are decomposed more slowly. The decomposing microorganisms degrade the organic materials so as to gain the resources they require for their survival and reproduction. Accordingly, simultaneous to microorganisms' decomposition of the materials of dead plants and animals is their
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Many organisms, including sea slugs and serpent's starfish, scoop up the detritus which has settled on the water bed. Bivalves which live inside the water bed do not simply suck in water through their tubes, but also extend them to fish for detritus on the surface of the bed.
441:. In ecosystems on land, far more essential material is broken down as dead material passing through the detritus chain than is broken down by being eaten by animals in a living state. In both land and aquatic ecosystems, the role played by detritus is too large to ignore.
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feed in this way. In particular, since excreta are materials which other animals do not need, whatever energy value they might have, they are often unbalanced as a source of nutrients, and are not suitable as a source of nutrition on their own. However, there are many
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In contrast to land ecosystems, dead materials and excreta in aquatic ecosystems are typically transported by water flow; finer particles tend to be transported farther or suspended longer. In freshwater bodies organic material from plants can form a
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When animals such as fish are kept in an aquarium, substances such as excreta, mucus and dead skin cast off during moulting are produced by the animals and, naturally, generate detritus, and are continually broken down by micro-organisms.
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Initially, the filtration systems in water tanks often worked as the name suggests, using a physical filter to remove foreign substances in the water. Following this, the standard method for maintaining the water quality was to convert
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in water. After all, a large quantity of material is carried in by water currents. Even if an organism stays in a fixed position, as long as it has a system for filtering water, it will be able to obtain enough food to get by. Many
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have mobility, the ability to take in solid food, and the ability to photosynthesise. This type of micro-organism can take in substances such as detritus to grow, without waiting for it to be broken down into fertilizer.
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Detritus occurs in a variety of terrestrial habitats including forest, chaparral and grassland. In forests, the detritus is typically dominated by leaf, twig, and bacteria litter as measured by biomass dominance. This
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This detritus cycle plays a large part in the so-called purification process, whereby organic materials carried in by rivers is broken down and disappears, and an extremely important part in the breeding and growth of
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the organic compounds in the tank, and also the other nitrogen compounds, so that the decomposition process continues until the stage where water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are produced, has also been implemented.
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Another more widely used method of feeding, which also incorporates filter feeding, is a system where an organism secretes mucus to catch the detritus in lumps, and then carries these to its mouth using an area of
537:, organisms which feed on detritus, such as annelid worms and sea cucumbers, to name a few. The exact composition of this detritus varies based on location and time of year, as it is very closely tied to
356:(i.e., to grow their own bodies). When microorganisms die, fine organic particles are produced, and if small animals that feed on microorganisms eat these particles they collect inside the
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and bacteria live (hermatype which has been dead for some time is often used), which causes the detritus-feeding benthos and micro-organisms to undergo a detritus cycle. The
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decompose residual detritus, generating heat from exothermic processes; such heat generation is associated with the well known phenomenon of the elevated temperature of
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is decomposed, occurs in several phases. Micro- and macro-organisms that feed on it rapidly consume and absorb materials such as
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trampling has assisted in mechanically breaking down organic matter. At the later stages of decomposition,
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It is not entirely true that their productivity falls during the warmest periods. Organisms such as
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What is left behind by the detritivores is then further broken down and recycled by
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In contrast, from the point of view of organisms using photosynthesis such as
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In recent years, the word detritus has also come to be used in relation to
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gradually lose their form due to physical processes and the action of
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called the detritus cycle takes place involving detritus feeders (
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A large amount of detritus is used as a source of nutrition for
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to filter the water to take in food, a process known as
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terms, the most important constituents of detritus are
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equivalent article in the
Japanese-language Knowledge
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1027:David Author Grimaldi and Michael S. Author (2005)
352:of decomposed compounds to construct more of their
184:and accumulates in depositions on the floor of the
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148:material. Detritus typically hosts communities of
168:and other organic matter that is intermixed with
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1018:C. Michael Hogan (2008) "Western fence lizard (
649:organisms survive in this way, using developed
373:much material settles in slowly flowing areas.
180:is organic substances that is suspended in the
802:, which employs a piece of equipment called a
1812:
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1041:Some of this article was translated from the
755:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
608:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
238:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2033:Latitudinal gradients in species diversity
1819:
1805:
1072:
1058:
1022:)", Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
1006:Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology
497:on the bottom. This material, some called
990:Learn how and when to remove this message
775:Learn how and when to remove this message
628:Learn how and when to remove this message
544:
258:Learn how and when to remove this message
1931:Predator–prey (Lotka–Volterra) equations
1570:Tritrophic interactions in plant defense
953:This article includes a list of general
835:in excreta, which have a high degree of
269:
25:
1963:Random generalized Lotka–Volterra model
798:Modern sealife aquariums often use the
40:are forms of detritus, and are used as
2616:
1771:Herbivore adaptations to plant defense
640:There is an extremely large number of
1800:
1053:
505:and can bond to heavy metal ions via
444:
1786:Predator avoidance in schooling fish
939:
753:adding citations to reliable sources
720:
606:adding citations to reliable sources
573:
448:
236:adding citations to reliable sources
203:
192:, such a deposition is denominated "
2236:Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
13:
1989:Ecological effects of biodiversity
959:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2640:
1325:Generalist and specialist species
1045:, as it was on September 1, 2006.
23:Dead particulate organic material
2048:Occupancy–abundance relationship
944:
725:
578:
511:colored dissolved organic matter
452:
365:. This combination is detritus.
343:, while other compounds such as
283:layer that covers the ground of
208:
96:
58:
2068:Relative abundance distribution
1781:Plant defense against herbivory
1648:Competitive exclusion principle
1360:Mesopredator release hypothesis
1653:Consumer–resource interactions
1031:, Cambridge University Press
922:
913:
904:
880:
509:. It can also break down into
1:
2499:Biological data visualization
2326:Environmental niche modelling
2053:Population viability analysis
1029:Engelevolution of the insects
1008:, Academic Press, 607 pages
1984:Density-dependent inhibition
873:
716:
680:
569:
7:
2453:Liebig's law of the minimum
2288:Resource selection function
1179:Metabolic theory of ecology
846:
10:
2645:
2353:Niche apportionment models
2073:Relative species abundance
1277:Primary nutritional groups
1174:List of feeding behaviours
935:
499:undissolved organic carbon
138:dissolved organic material
15:
2602:
2534:Ecosystem based fisheries
2476:
2376:
2301:
2174:
2146:Interspecific competition
2111:
2038:Minimum viable population
1971:
1896:Maximum sustainable yield
1881:Intraspecific competition
1876:Effective population size
1839:
1756:Anti-predator adaptations
1741:
1620:
1547:
1504:
1426:
1393:
1290:
1267:Photosynthetic efficiency
1202:
1096:
1004:Bernard C. Patten (1975)
888:"Decomposition and decay"
839:, but the combination of
405:A characteristic type of
199:
18:Detritus (disambiguation)
2524:Ecological stoichiometry
2489:Alternative stable state
503:dissolved organic carbon
276:Sequoiadendron giganteum
172:, which is denominated "
136:, as distinguished from
2368:Ontogenetic niche shift
2231:Ideal free distribution
2141:Ecological facilitation
1891:Malthusian growth model
1861:Consumer-resource model
1718:Paradox of the plankton
1683:Energy systems language
1403:Chemoorganoheterotrophy
1370:Optimal foraging theory
1345:Heterotrophic nutrition
1020:Sceloporus occidentalis
974:more precise citations.
323:, the process by which
188:; when this floor is a
2514:Ecological forecasting
2458:Marginal value theorem
2256:Landscape epidemiology
2191:Cross-boundary subsidy
2126:Biological interaction
1476:Microbial intelligence
1164:Green world hypothesis
545:Terrestrial ecosystems
380:. In particular, many
296:
289:Yosemite National Park
132:) is dead particulate
45:
2519:Ecological humanities
2418:Ecological energetics
2363:Niche differentiation
2226:Habitat fragmentation
1994:Ecological extinction
1941:Small population size
1693:Feed conversion ratio
1673:Ecological succession
1605:San Francisco Estuary
1519:Ecological efficiency
1461:Microbial cooperation
517:, a specific form of
400:complex carbohydrates
345:complex carbohydrates
311:, including grazers,
273:
160:) it. In terrestrial
29:
2544:Evolutionary ecology
2509:Ecological footprint
2504:Ecological economics
2428:Ecological threshold
2423:Ecological indicator
2293:Source–sink dynamics
2246:Land change modeling
2241:Insular biogeography
2093:Species distribution
1832:Modelling ecosystems
1491:Microbial metabolism
1330:Intraguild predation
1119:Biogeochemical cycle
1085:Modelling ecosystems
749:improve this section
602:improve this section
232:improve this section
16:For other uses, see
2629:Ecology terminology
2594:Theoretical ecology
2569:Natural environment
2433:Ecosystem diversity
2403:Ecological collapse
2393:Bateman's principle
2348:Limiting similarity
2261:Landscape limnology
2083:Species homogeneity
1921:Population modeling
1916:Population dynamics
1733:Trophic state index
919:D.A. Grimaldi, 2005
858:Coarse woody debris
176:". The detritus of
174:soil organic matter
2605:Outline of ecology
2554:Industrial ecology
2549:Functional ecology
2413:Ecological deficit
2358:Niche construction
2321:Ecosystem engineer
2098:Species–area curve
2019:Introduced species
1834:: Other components
1766:Deimatic behaviour
1668:Ecological network
1600:North Pacific Gyre
1585:hydrothermal vents
1524:Ecological pyramid
1471:Microbial food web
1282:Primary production
1227:Foundation species
539:primary production
464:. You can help by
445:Aquatic ecosystems
297:
178:aquatic ecosystems
152:that colonize and
46:
2611:
2610:
2494:Balance of nature
2251:Landscape ecology
2136:Community ecology
2078:Species diversity
2014:Indicator species
2009:Gradient analysis
1886:Logistic function
1794:
1793:
1751:Animal coloration
1728:Trophic mutualism
1466:Microbial ecology
1257:Photoheterotrophs
1242:Myco-heterotrophy
1154:Ecosystem ecology
1139:Carrying capacity
1104:Abiotic component
1000:
999:
992:
928:B.C. Patten, 1975
853:Biofact (biology)
785:
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697:, in other words
669:. This is called
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501:breaks down into
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164:it is present as
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2311:Ecological niche
2283:selection theory
2103:Umbrella species
2088:Species richness
2024:Invasive species
2004:Flagship species
1911:Population cycle
1906:Overexploitation
1871:Ecological yield
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1703:Mesotrophic soil
1643:Climax community
1575:Marine food webs
1514:Biomagnification
1315:Chemoorganotroph
1169:Keystone species
1129:Biotic component
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970:this article by
961:inline citations
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910:C.M. Hogan, 2008
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841:detritus feeders
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2584:Systems ecology
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2443:Extinction debt
2408:Ecological debt
2398:Bioluminescence
2379:
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2341:marine habitats
2316:Ecological trap
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2063:Rapoport's rule
2058:Priority effect
1999:Endemic species
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1926:Population size
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1723:Trophic cascade
1633:Bioaccumulation
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1159:Ecosystem model
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2271:Patch dynamics
2268:
2266:Metapopulation
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2161:Storage effect
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2043:Neutral theory
2040:
2035:
2030:
2028:Native species
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1901:Overpopulation
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1708:Nutrient cycle
1705:
1700:
1698:Feeding frenzy
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1678:Energy quality
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:Cascade effect
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:Microbial loop
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Lithoautotroph
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1428:Microorganisms
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1385:Prey switching
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:Photosynthesis
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:Chemosynthesis
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1109:Abiotic stress
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1025:
1016:
1001:
998:
997:
952:
950:
943:
937:
934:
931:
930:
921:
912:
903:
892:Trees for Life
878:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
848:
845:
783:
782:
733:
731:
724:
718:
715:
710:dinoflagellate
695:nutrient salts
682:
679:
659:filter feeding
636:
635:
586:
584:
577:
571:
568:
546:
543:
480:
479:
459:
457:
446:
443:
395:microorganisms
382:bottom feeding
325:organic matter
285:Mariposa Grove
266:
265:
216:
214:
207:
201:
198:
150:microorganisms
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2641:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:Urban ecology
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Kleiber's law
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Foster's rule
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1539:Trophic level
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1496:Phage ecology
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:Microbial mat
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Bacteriophage
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Decomposition
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Mesopredators
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:Apex predator
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:Biotic stress
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:0-521-82149-5
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:0-12-547203-X
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
994:
991:
983:
980:November 2012
973:
969:
963:
962:
956:
951:
942:
941:
925:
916:
907:
893:
889:
883:
879:
869:
868:Soil food web
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
844:
842:
838:
837:neurotoxicity
834:
830:
824:
821:
817:
816:Monaco system
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:Berlin Method
796:
792:
790:
779:
776:
768:
765:November 2012
758:
754:
750:
744:
743:
739:
734:This section
732:
728:
723:
722:
714:
711:
706:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
678:
674:
672:
671:mucus feeding
668:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
632:
629:
621:
618:November 2012
611:
607:
603:
597:
596:
592:
587:This section
585:
581:
576:
575:
567:
565:
561:
558:
553:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:phytoplankton
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
476:
467:
463:
460:This section
458:
455:
451:
450:
442:
440:
434:
432:
428:
424:
419:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
371:
366:
364:
359:
355:
351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Decomposition
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
293:United States
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:
272:
262:
259:
251:
248:November 2012
241:
237:
233:
227:
226:
222:
217:This section
215:
211:
206:
205:
197:
195:
191:
187:
186:body of water
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
129:
91:
55:
51:
43:
39:
35:
32:
28:
19:
2574:Regime shift
2559:Macroecology
2280:
2276:
2216:Edge effects
2186:Biogeography
2131:Commensalism
1979:Biodiversity
1856:Allee effect
1595:kelp forests
1548:Example webs
1417:
1413:Detritivores
1252:Organotrophs
1232:Kinetotrophs
1184:Productivity
1028:
1019:
1005:
986:
977:
958:
924:
915:
906:
895:. Retrieved
891:
882:
825:
797:
793:
786:
771:
762:
747:Please help
735:
707:
703:
684:
675:
663:
639:
624:
615:
600:Please help
588:
552:plant litter
548:
498:
490:
483:
470:
466:adding to it
461:
435:
420:
411:detritivores
404:
388:) living in
375:
367:
350:assimilation
305:fecal matter
298:
274:
254:
245:
230:Please help
218:
158:remineralize
53:
47:
2211:Disturbance
2114:interaction
1936:Recruitment
1866:Depensation
1658:Copiotrophs
1529:Energy flow
1451:Lithotrophy
1395:Decomposers
1375:Planktivore
1350:Insectivore
1340:Heterotroph
1305:Bacterivore
1272:Phototrophs
1222:Chemotrophs
1194:Restoration
1144:Competition
972:introducing
810:where many
535:detritivore
531:zooplankton
523:marine snow
519:tannic acid
423:decomposers
309:decomposers
303:skin), and
194:marine snow
166:leaf litter
2618:Categories
2579:Sexecology
2156:Parasitism
2121:Antibiosis
1956:Resistance
1951:Resilience
1841:Population
1761:Camouflage
1713:Oligotroph
1628:Ascendency
1590:intertidal
1580:cold seeps
1534:Food chain
1335:Herbivores
1310:Carnivores
1237:Mixotrophs
1212:Autotrophs
1091:components
955:references
897:2024-05-30
699:fertilizer
564:composting
557:mesophilic
473:April 2017
425:, such as
407:food chain
370:ecosystems
358:intestines
162:ecosystems
2484:Allometry
2438:Emergence
2166:Symbiosis
2151:Mutualism
1946:Stability
1851:Abundance
1663:Dominance
1621:Processes
1610:tide pool
1506:Food webs
1380:Predation
1365:Omnivores
1292:Consumers
1247:Mycotroph
1204:Producers
1149:Ecosystem
1114:Behaviour
874:Citations
820:denitrify
808:live rock
789:aquariums
736:does not
717:Aquariums
681:Producers
655:tentacles
589:does not
570:Consumers
507:chelation
489:known as
415:univalves
390:mud flats
384:animals (
363:nutrients
219:does not
154:decompose
142:organisms
2539:Endolith
2468:Xerosere
2380:networks
2196:Ecocline
1742:Defense,
1418:Detritus
1320:Foraging
1189:Resource
847:See also
833:nitrates
829:ammonium
691:plankton
647:immobile
513:such as
427:bacteria
329:proteins
313:bacteria
54:detritus
2529:Ecopath
2336:Habitat
2206:Ecotype
2201:Ecotone
2178:ecology
2176:Spatial
2112:Species
1972:Species
1843:ecology
1828:Ecology
1776:Mimicry
1744:counter
1688:f-ratio
1436:Archaea
1124:Biomass
1097:General
1089:Trophic
1081:Ecology
968:improve
936:Sources
812:benthos
757:removed
742:sources
610:removed
595:sources
386:benthos
378:animals
354:biomass
240:removed
225:sources
156:(i.e.,
50:biology
1560:Rivers
1456:Marine
1035:
1012:
957:, but
687:plants
515:tannin
337:sugars
335:, and
333:lipids
315:, and
301:molted
200:Theory
190:seabed
144:, and
42:manure
2477:Other
2378:Other
2331:Guild
2303:Niche
1555:Lakes
667:cilia
651:gills
495:humus
431:fungi
317:fungi
182:water
146:fecal
38:straw
34:feces
31:Horse
1565:Soil
1033:ISBN
1010:ISBN
740:any
738:cite
689:and
593:any
591:cite
529:and
491:mulm
487:silt
429:and
281:duff
223:any
221:cite
170:soil
36:and
831:or
751:by
653:or
604:by
493:or
468:.
368:In
287:in
234:by
196:".
94:or
48:In
2620::
2026:/
1830::
1087::
1083::
890:.
673:.
661:.
566:.
541:.
433:.
331:,
319:.
291:,
78:aɪ
52:,
2281:K
2279:/
2277:r
1820:e
1813:t
1806:v
1073:e
1066:t
1059:v
993:)
987:(
982:)
978:(
964:.
900:.
778:)
772:(
767:)
763:(
759:.
745:.
631:)
625:(
620:)
616:(
612:.
598:.
475:)
471:(
295:.
261:)
255:(
250:)
246:(
242:.
228:.
128:/
125:s
122:ə
119:t
116:ɪ
113:r
110:t
107:ˈ
104:ɛ
101:d
98:/
90:/
87:s
84:ə
81:t
75:r
72:t
69:ˈ
66:ɪ
63:d
60:/
56:(
44:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
