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to four years of full-time investigation experience and the successful adjudication of a criminal and civil background check conducted by state investigators. Private investigators are licensed to conduct civil and criminal investigations in the state in which they are licensed, and are protected by statutes of that state. In states requiring licensing, statutes make it unlawful for any person to conduct a criminal investigation without a license, unless exempted by the statute (i.e., law enforcement officers or agents, attorneys,
753:
evidence, investigative report writing, criminal law, court procedure, and providing testimony in court. Competitive examinations are conducted by selected senior law enforcement officials. Following testing, a list of results is provided by the department. At the department's discretion, some or all of the officers on the list are promoted to the rank of detective. Some departments have classes of detectives which increase the detective's rank after successful experience.
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perks available through the attorney's office, such as entering for a lesser sentence in exchange for usable information. In some countries, detectives may lie, mislead and psychologically pressure a suspect into an admission or confession as long as they do this within procedural boundaries and without the threat of violence or promises outside their control. This is not permitted in
588:
664:(often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or to a civil action. Many major police stations in a city, county, or state, maintain their own forensic laboratories while others contract out the services.
748:
During the probationary period, the officer is assigned to look for evidence. During this time, the officer is supervised and mentored by a sergeant with years of experience. Some police officers go to a two-year or four-year college or university to get a degree in criminal justice or the management
639:
In criminal investigations, once a detective has suspects in mind, the next step is to produce evidence that will stand up in a court of law. One way is to obtain a confession from the suspect; usually, this is done by developing rapport and, at times, by seeking information in exchange for potential
319:
life without first serving as uniformed officers. Some argue that detectives do a completely different job and therefore require completely different training, qualifications, qualities, and abilities than uniformed officers. The other side says that a detective who has worked as a uniformed officer
756:
Private investigators are licensed by the state in which they work (some states do not require licensing, but most do). In addition to the state examination, applicants testing for a private investigation license must also meet stringent requirements, which include college education, a range of two
614:
Detectives have a wide variety of techniques available in conducting investigations. However, the majority of cases are solved by the interrogation of suspects and the interviewing of witnesses, which takes time. Detectives may also use their network of informants, which they have built up over the
635:
Investigation of criminal activity is conducted by the police. Criminal activity can relate to road use such as speeding, drunk driving, or to matters such as theft, drug distribution, assault, fraud, etc. When the police have concluded their investigation, a decision on whether to charge somebody
557:
Before the 19th century, there were few municipal police departments, though the first had been created in Paris as long ago as 1667. As police work went from being done by appointed people with help from volunteers to being done by professionals, the idea of dedicated detectives did not come up
752:
Through years of on-the-job training or college education, officers may participate in a competitive examination, testing their knowledge, skills and abilities regarding criminal investigation, criminal procedure, interview and interrogation, search and seizure, collection and preservation of
414:
In police departments of the United States, a regular detective typically holds the rank of "Detective". The rank structure of the officers who supervise them (who may or may not be detectives themselves) varies considerably by department. In some
Commonwealth police forces, detectives have
433:
In some countries, courts and judicial processes have yet to recognize the practice of private detectives. In
Portugal, presented proof loses significance when private detectives collect it. Even under these circumstances, the practice is in demand and governed by a code of conduct.
745:. After graduation from the law enforcement academy, the officer undergoes job training with a field training officer for a period specified by the law enforcement agency and continues to work while on a probationary period, ranging from one to two years.
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Detectives may use public and private records to provide background information on a subject. Police detectives can search through files of fingerprint records. Police maintain records of people who have committed
256:
by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in court. A detective may work for the
520:. However, there have been cases of citizen detectives unintentionally compromising investigations if they lack real crime solving skills or even committing acts against suspected criminals that could be deemed
615:
years. Informants often have connections with people a detective would not be able to approach formally. Evidence collection and preservation can also help in identifying a potential suspect(s).
714:
must also pass the
National Investigators' Examination in order to progress to subsequent stages of the Initial Crime Investigators Development Program in order to qualify as a detective.
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whatsoever. The reasons why a private citizen might try to solve a crime vary from trying to ensure justice for a friend or relative, a strong dislike for crime and support for
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Detective work is highly specialized, usually encompassing the examination and evaluation of evidence to apprehend suspects and to build solid cases against them.
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will excel as a private detective due to their knowledge about standard police procedures, their contact network and their own experience with typical problems.
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with a criminal offence will (depending on legal jurisdiction) often be made by prosecuting counsel having considered the evidence produced by the police.
304:, including historical crimes, by examining and evaluating clues and personal records in order to uncover the identity and/or whereabouts of criminals.
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Before becoming a police detective, one must attend a law enforcement academy, which provides the officer with a foundation of education with 16 to 24
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still lacks a clear legal framework and can easily fall into legal grey areas. However, many detective companies have made efforts to provide
566:, who had headed a police agency in addition to being a criminal himself. Police detective activities were pioneered in England by the
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of criminal justice. You can get a concentration or a certificate in a specialized field of criminal investigation at some colleges.
1254:
956:
1217:
442:
A citizen detective, also known as an amateur detective, is an individual who devotes his or her time and expertise to aid in the
335:
The detective branch in most large police agencies is organized into several squads and departments, each of which specializes in
1195:
623:
711:
710:. Since 2017, applicants from outside the police force have been able to apply directly for positions as trainee detectives.
645:
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equivalent ranks to uniformed officers but with the word "Detective" prepended to it; e.g. "Detective
Constable" (DC) or "
104:
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978:
76:
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123:
311:, a detective position is obtained by passing a written test after a person completes the requirements for being a
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83:
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police detectives must have completed at least two years as a uniformed officer before applying to join the
327:, colloquially referred to, especially in fiction, as a "PI" or "private eye", "private ducky" or "shamus".
550:
90:
777:, private detective work is not yet officially recognized by law but is developing due to the demands of
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Criminological knowledge, knowledge of the law, literacy and numeracy, reasoning skills and social skills
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57:
28:
17:
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in
Greater London. The first police detective unit in the United States was formed in 1846 in Boston.
72:
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The
Banditti of the Prairies: or, The murderer's doom, a tale of Mississippi Valley and the Far West
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messages, phone conversations, surveillance camera footage, and technology used for communication.
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As with other kinds of detectives, citizen detectives try to solve crimes in multiple ways such as
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into a particular type of crime or a particular type of undercover operation, which may include:
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while a crime is being committed. Citizen detectives can also help law enforcement by becoming
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806:
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681:. Detectives may search through records of criminal arrests and convictions, photographs or "
380:
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for law enforcement, or even aiding the police in searching for and arresting suspects as a
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1192:"A Majority Of Cases Are Solved By Detectives Interviewing Suspects And Material Witnesses"
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781:. Detective service companies primarily offer investigation and surveillance services for
8:
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315:. In many other police systems, detectives are college graduates who join directly from
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1159:"The incredible untold story of America's first police detectives - The Boston Globe"
889:
686:
641:
493:
400:
1163:
1058:"Met detective sacked for racism has been reinstated and sent on leadership course"
809:, adhering to ethical standards and legal regulations to build trust with clients.
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979:"Do Former Police Officers Make Better Private Investigators? | Becoming a P.I."
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that have no real professional relationship with law enforcement and lack any
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in the United
Kingdom surrounded by electronic devices seized as evidence
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446:, without compensation or expectation of reward. Citizen detectives are
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685:" of persons arrested, hotel registration information, credit reports,
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1083:"Codigo deontologico (pt). DetectivePrivado.com.pt (Archived copy)"
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496:, giving anonymous tips to the police and at times even making
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1218:"Wanted: London detectives – no policing experience necessary"
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408:
368:
301:
253:
545:(pictured here circa 1861) was, in 1850, a detective of the
300:, a detective is a licensed or unlicensed person who solves
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281:(left, with cane), at Leman Street police station, of the
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in an investigation may provide leads to closing a case.
1332:"Bài kết: Khung pháp lý nào cho hoạt động thám tử tư?"
323:
Some are not public officials, and may be known as a
816:
801:, or tracking subjects. The detective profession in
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1391:
1255:"West Yorkshire Police - West Yorkshire Police"
1133:"The First English Detectives - History Today"
976:
277:H Division, of police detectives, including
1306:"Thuê thám tử, coi chừng vi phạm pháp luật"
1329:
252:. They often collect information to solve
248:is an investigator, usually a member of a
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124:Learn how and when to remove this message
1215:
949:"How to Become a Private Investigator |"
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14:
1392:
1330:Petrotimes, Báo điện tử (2024-03-22).
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1108:"Citizen Detectives and Crowdsolving"
733:to the 54th Street police station in
648:and its extensive Codes of Practice.
646:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
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422:
1139:from the original on 6 November 2016
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926:from the original on 25 January 2018
651:
62:adding citations to reliable sources
33:
907:
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458:, or just recreational enjoyment.
24:
1190:Adekola, Alex (17 February 2023).
1032:"Become a Met detective constable"
228:Police detectives investigating a
25:
1426:
1171:from the original on 19 July 2018
1056:Dodd, Vikram (26 February 2024).
913:
708:Criminal Investigation Department
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549:and, in 1851, the founder of the
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562:was founded in Paris in 1833 by
38:
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1323:
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1281:"Biến tướng từ dịch vụ thám tử"
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1261:from the original on 2017-07-09
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1236:from the original on 2020-07-29
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1198:from the original on 2023-02-17
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1114:from the original on 2021-09-27
988:from the original on 2023-02-17
959:from the original on 2023-02-17
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180:Secondary or tertiary education
136:Investigator in law enforcement
49:needs additional citations for
1216:Grierson, Jamie (2017-05-31).
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292:of 1888. Photograph circa 1886
13:
1:
1373:"Thám tử tư, nghề nguy hiểm…"
977:thebrandleader (2018-10-02).
916:"Detective (Bureaus) - NYPDS"
900:
845:Investigator (disambiguation)
602:who in 1845 infiltrated the "
577:
296:Informally, and primarily in
1285:Báo Công an Nhân dân điện tử
7:
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598:and amateur detective from
572:Metropolitan Police Service
534:History of criminal justice
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10:
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920:New York Police Department
768:
551:Pinkerton Detective Agency
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283:London Metropolitan Police
29:Detective (disambiguation)
26:
702:Before 2017, prospective
547:Chicago Police Department
508:, participating in local
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149:
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560:private detective agency
452:rational-legal authority
1353:"Thám tử tư Thăng Long"
606:", wrote the 1850 book
604:Banditti of the Prairie
463:searching a crime scene
285:, two years before the
1405:Criminal investigation
850:Law enforcement agency
738:
632:
619:Criminal investigation
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564:Eugène François Vidocq
558:right away. The first
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250:law enforcement agency
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156:Criminal investigation
807:professional services
799:information retrieval
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668:Records investigation
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476:and witnesses, doing
381:criminal intelligence
290:serial killer murders
276:
227:
197:private investigation
922:. City of New York.
875:Undercover operation
860:Private investigator
726:Detective escorting
629:West Midlands Police
610:; woodcut from 1850.
429:Private investigator
325:private investigator
213:private investigator
58:improve this article
27:For other uses, see
1036:Metropolitan police
1011:Metropolitan Police
1007:"Officer promotion"
789:in matters such as
482:persons of interest
279:Frederick Abberline
141:
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627:Detectives of the
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568:Bow Street Runners
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512:groups, acting as
510:neighborhood watch
438:Citizen detectives
423:Private detectives
417:Detective Sergeant
385:aggravated assault
309:police departments
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176:Education required
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953:PoliceOfficer.org
890:Detective fiction
687:answering machine
658:forensic evidence
652:Forensic evidence
642:England and Wales
570:and later by the
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693:Across the world
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444:solving of crime
411:, among others.
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69:Find sources:
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47:This article
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36:
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19:
1410:Police ranks
1377:. Retrieved
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1347:
1336:. Retrieved
1325:
1314:. Retrieved
1309:
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1284:
1279:Ngọc Thiện.
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1263:. Retrieved
1249:
1238:. Retrieved
1222:The Guardian
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1211:
1200:. Retrieved
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1173:. Retrieved
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1141:. Retrieved
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1116:. Retrieved
1102:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1062:The Guardian
1061:
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1039:. Retrieved
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961:. Retrieved
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928:. Retrieved
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747:
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731:Meyer Lansky
701:
682:
679:misdemeanors
671:
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488:, acting as
478:surveillance
467:interviewing
460:
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432:
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405:surveillance
334:
331:Organization
322:
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295:
245:
243:
204:Related jobs
167:Competencies
120:
114:October 2016
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
855:Police rank
783:individuals
583:Street work
524:in nature.
522:vigilantism
506:prosecutors
162:Description
73:"Detective"
1400:Detectives
1394:Categories
1379:2024-09-17
1358:2024-09-17
1338:2024-09-17
1316:2024-09-17
1291:2024-09-17
1265:2014-12-25
1240:2020-04-26
1202:2023-02-17
1175:29 October
1143:29 October
1118:2021-09-19
1093:2012-02-04
992:2023-02-17
963:2023-02-17
930:25 January
901:References
827:law portal
787:businesses
759:paralegals
578:Techniques
532:See also:
494:local news
427:See also:
353:auto theft
188:employment
145:Occupation
84:newspapers
18:Detectives
1230:0261-3077
880:Spy agent
840:Inspector
712:UK Police
683:mug shots
677:and some
656:Physical
502:witnesses
373:narcotics
263:privately
246:detective
186:Fields of
140:Detective
1259:Archived
1234:Archived
1196:Archived
1169:Archived
1137:Archived
1112:Archived
986:Archived
957:Archived
924:Archived
813:See also
791:marriage
728:gangster
675:felonies
486:evidence
474:suspects
419:" (DS).
349:burglary
341:homicide
317:civilian
307:In some
269:Overview
238:Oklahoma
230:homicide
1067:30 July
1041:30 July
1016:30 July
803:Vietnam
775:Vietnam
769:Vietnam
737:in 1958
704:British
528:History
490:sources
469:and/or
389:battery
345:robbery
298:fiction
98:scholar
1228:
895:VALCRI
865:Police
407:, and
302:crimes
259:police
254:crimes
100:
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86:
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71:
518:posse
409:arson
369:fraud
105:JSTOR
91:books
1226:ISSN
1177:2016
1145:2016
1069:2024
1043:2024
1018:2024
982:NITA
932:2018
785:and
600:Iowa
504:for
492:for
377:vice
77:news
773:In
765:).
480:on
261:or
232:in
195:or
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