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are probably the best example of this approach; most modern winemakers perceive that their customers want either fully dry or 'properly' sweet dessert wines, so 'leave it to nature' is currently out of fashion. But most of the
Muscats of ancient times were probably made this way, including the famous
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was made from air-dried grapes and across the Malta
Channel from the site of Carthage similar wines are still made, called Moscato Passito di Pantelleria. Such wines were described by the Romans. Northern Italy is home to a number of 'passito' wines, where the grapes are dried on straw, on racks, or
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A general rule is that the wine should be sweeter than the food it is served withâa perfectly ripe peach has been described as the ideal partner for many dessert wines, whereas it makes sense not to drink wine at all with many chocolate- and toffee-based dishes. Red dessert wines like
Recioto della
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The 'reserve of sweetness' is a German technique in which unfermented must (grape juice) is added to the wine after fermentation. This increases the sweetness of the final wine and dilutes the alcohol somewhatâin
Germany the final wine can contain no more than 15% SĂŒssreserve by volume. SĂŒssreserve
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Honey was added to wine in Roman times, for sweetness and to increase the final strength of the wine. Today sugar is usually added in order to boost the alcohol levels of flabby, unripe wines rather than for sweetness, although a degree of chaptalization is permitted in the wines of many countries.
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The first noble rot wines were likely created by accidentâboth the
Hungarians and the Germans have similar stories of how the harvest was delayed for some reason, but the mouldy grapes were vinified anyway and then found to be delicious. Given that propensity to noble rot was a factor in Hungarian
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allows winemakers to fully ferment the wine without having to worry about stopping fermentation before all the sugar has gone. Since sulphites are used to stop fermentation, this technique reduces the usage of sulphites. SĂŒssreserve is used by other makers of German-style wines, particularly in
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Alternatively, the wine itself can be a dessert, but bakery sweets can make a good match, particularly with a little bitterness like biscuits that are dunked in Vin Santo. A development of this matching of contrasts is a rich savoury dish like the foie gras that is a traditional partner to
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frequently used for these wines highlight flavours of peach, apricot, pear, quince, raisin, and honey, along with unique "botrytis" or roti characteristics. Additionally, a notable feature of botrytized wines is their high acid content, which prevents them from tasting
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Most wine laws require temperatures below at most â7 °C (19 °F) before the grapes for ice wine can be picked. At such temperatures, some water in the grapes freezes but the sugars and other solids remain dissolved in the remaining juice. If the grapes are
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while frozen, a very concentrated must can result, which needs special yeast and a long time to ferment. The resulting wines are very sweet, but balanced by their acidity. The minuscule yields mean they tend to be very expensive. The most famous are
168:, which includes all fortified winesâand is taxed more highly as a result. This dates back to when the US wine industry only made dessert wines by fortification, but such a classification is outdated now that modern
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in
Germany and aszĂș inventory predates it by about 200 years, Hungary's Tokaj is where it was first produced. Germany may have later discovered the same process independently.
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and other non-fortified sweet wines, such as late-harvest wines, ice wines (eiswein), or straw wines, lies in the extensive range and richness of aroma compounds generated by
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cinerea fungal infection of the grapes. Significant differences are also evident in other components, like glycerol and acid composition, due to microbial activity.
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White dessert wines are generally served somewhat chilled, but can be easily served too cold. Red dessert wines are served at room temperature or slightly chilled.
462:. Regardless of the grape, fermentation is stopped with up to 10% of 95% grape spirit. The Muscats are made in a somewhat oxidised style, the Grenaches less so.
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and alcohol. Since all winemaking creates alcohol from fermentation of sugars they are typically traded off. However, there are many ways to increase relative
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endeavour to maximise the amount of noble rot without losing the whole crop to grey rot. Typically, noble rot forms best in conditions with regular morning
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There is no simple definition of a dessert wine. In the UK, a dessert wine is considered to be any sweet wine drunk with a meal, as opposed to the white
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156:) drunk after it. Thus, most fortified wines are regarded as distinct from dessert wines, but some of the less-strong fortified white wines, such as
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507:) and the sweet red Recioto della Valpolicella (which stands up to chocolate better than most wine). Across the Alps, the French make 'straw wine' (
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German wines must declare whether they are 'natural' or not; in any case, chaptalization is banned from the top tiers of German wines.
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In the absence of other techniques, makers of dessert wine have to produce their sugar in the vineyard. Some grape varieties, such as
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Valpolicella and fortified wines like the vin doux naturel
Muscats are the best matches for such difficult-to-pair desserts.
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can produce dry wines over 15% without fortification (and German dessert wines can contain half that amount of alcohol).
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system like other sweet wine from
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Winewise: Your
Complete Guide to Understanding, Selecting, and Enjoying Wine
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Noble rot is responsible for many other dessert wines, including
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30:"Sweet wine" redirects here. For the song by Mark Williams, see
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In frosty climates, by freezing out some of the water to make
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Magyar, I. (December 2011). "Chapter 6 - Botrytized Wines".
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Icewine, but ice wines are also made in the United States,
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Kolpan, Steve; Weiss, Michael A.; Smith, Brian H. (2014).
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can help by leaving the grapes on the vine until they are
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In damp temperate climates, by using a fungal infection,
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before fortifying it; the Cypriots have their ancient
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in the 13th century. They are now quite common in the
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The main fortified wines drunk with dessert are sweet
248:(typically brandy) before all the sugar is fermented (
148:) drunk before the meal and the red fortified wines (
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1091:Passino, Carla; Donati, Silvia (12 November 2014).
691:The fungus requires specific conditions to produce
267:In warm climates, by air drying the grapes to make
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have sugar to spare for both sweetness and alcohol.
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742:and other TBA-type wines from all over the world.
515:; the Spanish start off making a raisin wine with
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658:Some of the most famous dessert wines, such as
682:of Austria, are made using grapes mouldy with
309:A late harvest Semillon from Washington State.
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422:of southwest France. As the names suggest,
495:hung from the rafters. These wines include
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1114:Jeanne O'Brien Coffey (20 November 2017).
1067:"Delicious Dessert Wines for Dessert Week"
991:"The Beautiful Bounty of Botrytized Wines"
787:. Please do not remove this message until
188:ChĂąteau d'Yquem 1999. A dessert wine from
1093:"Three of the Best Italian Dessert Wines"
936:
913:
807:Learn how and when to remove this message
488:In ancient Carthage, a sweet wine called
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
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783:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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27:Sweet wine typically served with dessert
2141:Clarification and stabilization of wine
965:Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
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221:before fermentation as sugar or honey (
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1065:Gorman-McAdams, Mary (Apr 29, 2010).
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411:may also be drunk as dessert wine.
24:
1130:from the original on Jun 12, 2021.
1103:from the original on Mar 31, 2023.
977:10.1016/B978-0-12-384927-4.00006-3
914:Shoemaker, Ted (6 December 2013).
849:"The 7 major types of white wines"
230:after fermentation as unfermented
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1225:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
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916:"German Ice Wine Rules Tightened"
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638:The primary distinction between
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2167:Glossary of viticulture terms
1149:The dictionary definition of
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484:, a raisin wine from Piedmont
393:Montilla-Moriles & sherry
192:made by so-called "noble rot"
34:. For the song by Cream, see
2172:Glossary of winemaking terms
937:CooksInfo (4 October 2020).
446:are all made from the white
7:
789:conditions to do so are met
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444:Muscat de St-Jean Minervois
424:Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
162:Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
122:in the United Kingdom, are
71:the claims made and adding
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1719:Alternative wine closure
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428:Muscat de Rivesaltes
420:Languedoc-Roussillon
2097:Yeast in winemaking
2049:Carbonic maceration
1041:Jancis Robinson, MW
878:on Wine Dictionary.
776:of this section is
549:Grapes for ice wine
204:in the final wine:
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301:Natural sweetness
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107:Vin de Paille, a
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32:Sweet Wine (song)
16:(Redirected from
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618:Main article:
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450:grape, whilst
387:Fortified wine
385:Main article:
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348:Chaptalization
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342:Chaptalization
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54:This article
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19:
18:Dessert wines
2237:Dessert wine
2202:
2059:Fermentation
1910:
1893:Wine tasting
1514:Muscat blanc
1484:Chenin blanc
1364:
1281:Ancient Rome
1152:Dessert wine
1151:
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1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
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946:. Retrieved
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920:. Retrieved
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897:. Retrieved
893:
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852:. Retrieved
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631:grapes with
563:
552:
525:South Africa
508:
489:
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413:
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312:
290:
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276:
268:
262:remove water
261:
249:
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235:
222:
215:
209:
202:sugar levels
195:
132:
119:
115:
114:
87:
78:
55:
2162:Wine bottle
2134:Other steps
2125:Wine cellar
2082:SĂŒssreserve
1774:Wine cellar
1764:Wine bottle
1705:accessories
1703:Packaging,
1662:Tempranillo
1291:Noah's wine
1271:Phoenicians
1217:Viticulture
971:: 147â206.
943:Cook's Info
869:SĂŒssreserve
736:Monbazillac
648:Descriptors
608:New Zealand
521:Commandaria
466:Raisin wine
364:New Zealand
357:SĂŒssreserve
270:raisin wine
246:add alcohol
237:SĂŒssreserve
174:viticulture
160:sherry and
143:amontillado
124:sweet wines
111:from France
81:August 2014
36:Fresh Cream
2231:Categories
2041:Maceration
2031:Wine press
2021:Destemming
1972:Winemaking
1878:Wine fraud
1873:Wine fault
1858:Oenophilia
1794:Wine label
1789:Wine glass
1754:Port tongs
1652:Sangiovese
1647:Pinot noir
1607:Douce noir
1534:Rkatsiteli
1479:Chardonnay
1469:Catarratto
1443:by acreage
1417:Biodynamic
1380:Aromatized
1169:winemaking
1071:The Kitchn
939:"Ice Wine"
835:References
797:April 2019
774:neutrality
472:Straw wine
470:See also:
336:Constantia
327:fully ripe
218:, either:
109:straw wine
65:improve it
1993:Noble rot
1883:Winemaker
1863:Sommelier
1799:Wine rack
1779:Wine cork
1769:Wine cave
1759:Screw cap
1729:Corkscrew
1694:New World
1689:Old World
1667:Zinfandel
1642:MourvĂšdre
1549:Trebbiano
1489:Colombard
1390:Noble rot
1370:Fortified
1348:Sparkling
1315:New World
826:Sauternes
785:talk page
734:, French
701:Vignerons
693:noble rot
680:Seewinkel
676:Sauternes
633:noble rot
620:Noble rot
600:Australia
505:panettone
497:Vin Santo
379:Port wine
319:Huxelrebe
292:noble rot
216:add sugar
210:naturally
190:Sauternes
69:verifying
2242:Oenology
2008:Pressing
1930:Glossary
1846:Industry
1739:Jug wine
1734:Decanter
1724:Box wine
1622:Isabella
1617:Grenache
1597:Carignan
1544:SĂ©millon
1529:Riesling
1524:Palomino
1267:Ancient
1250:Vineyard
1245:Veraison
1230:Oenology
1128:Archived
1101:Archived
1076:27 April
948:20 March
922:20 March
899:27 April
872:Archived
854:27 April
778:disputed
740:Ausbruch
697:grey rot
662:AszĂș of
644:Botrytis
629:Riesling
588:Slovenia
584:Slovakia
568:Canadian
541:Ice wine
535:Ice wine
527:and the
501:cantucci
460:Grenache
323:vigneron
278:ice wine
2192:Terroir
2150:Related
1998:Vintage
1980:Harvest
1925:Outline
1749:Muselet
1711:storage
1602:Cinsaut
1577:Barbera
1504:Macabeo
1464:Aligoté
1422:Organic
1412:Natural
1365:Dessert
1310:Georgia
1260:History
1240:Terroir
1235:Species
746:Serving
668:Hungary
653:cloying
592:Hungary
576:Croatia
572:Austria
564:Eiswein
556:pressed
482:passito
452:Banyuls
154:madeira
128:dessert
63:Please
2157:Winery
2120:Solera
1744:Kvevri
1632:Merlot
1627:Malbec
1427:Kosher
1403:Other
1358:Orange
1331:Styles
1298:France
1123:Forbes
1051:
1024:
890:"Wine"
678:, and
660:Tokaji
604:France
561:German
513:Alsace
491:passum
448:Muscat
405:solera
315:Muscat
256:mutage
146:sherry
2107:Aging
1657:Syrah
1612:Gamay
1582:Bobal
1494:Glera
1459:Airén
1451:White
1407:Table
1395:Straw
1385:Fruit
1343:White
1286:China
1165:Wines
596:Italy
456:Maury
198:sugar
170:yeast
1709:and
1438:Top
1353:Rosé
1209:Wine
1167:and
1078:2019
1049:ISBN
1022:ISBN
950:2021
924:2021
901:2019
856:2019
771:The
726:and
705:mist
606:and
566:and
454:and
442:and
254:or '
232:must
172:and
152:and
150:port
141:and
139:fino
2115:Oak
1564:Red
1375:Ice
1338:Red
973:doi
674:of
666:in
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