1338:
1274:
32:
447:
686:
500:
931:
545:
1031:
727:
985:
398:, used the title "Despot of Arta", which connected him to the old capital of the Epirote realm rather than to the territory of the Byzantine Empire at large. Even then, "Despot of Arta" was no more acceptable to the Byzantines than "Despot of Romania" as it was still in relation to a specific territory, rather than on the position of a despot relative to the emperor in court hierarchy. This title was also used by Carlo II's successor,
394:", i.e. the Byzantines/Greeks) from 1418 onwards. This version of the title had even more dangerous implications for Constantinople, as it implied rulership over the Byzantine people themselves rather than territory they considered part of their empire. To the Byzantines, such power could only legally be exercised by the emperor. Carlo I's successor,
365:, and Carlo might have assumed it in 1418 not as a reference to previous rulers of Epirus, but essentially as a usurpation of Centurione's (his former feudal overlord) title after the Prince of Achaea had suffered devastating losses of territory to the Byzantines in that same year. Epirote sources write that the title
174:) was a prestigious court title and did not designate rule over some specific territory. Though several of the early Greek rulers of the Epirote realm did use the title of despot, it was never in reference to the lands they governed, but instead in reference to their position in the imperial hierarchy.
352:
formally recognized him as despot. To Carlo, the title of despot meant that he could claim rulership over all of Epirus, not just
Ioannina; he notably captured Arta, capital under the Komnenos Doukas and Orsini, in 1416. To the Byzantines in Constantinople, the granting of the title served more to
1501:
With
Antonio Tocco's abandonment of the title in the 17th century, the Tocco family ceased to use the title Despot of Epirus. Antonio's male-line descendants instead continued the use of the title Prince of Achaea. The change in titulature might be attributable to the Tocchi being the most senior
261:
Epirus" is technically incorrect. The title only became associated with certain territories as the practice of emperors granting the title to princes and granting them semi-authonomous appanages to govern became regularized. Furthermore, not all rulers of Epirus bore the title. The founder of the
177:
It was only with Epirus falling into the hands of foreign dynasties that the title of despot became applied not to the imperial hierarchy, but to the territory, sometimes to the dismay of the local population. "Despot of Epirus" is not recorded in contemporary documents for the rulers of foreign
343:
assumed the title of despot, either as a reference to the
Komnenos Doukas and Orsini despots, or to the title assumed by Thomas II Preljubović. The locals insisted that Carlo seek recognition of that title from the Byzantine emperor, and after having sent his brother
1302:
Son of Carlo II Tocco. Inherited the despotate as a minor, ruling under the regency of four of his tutors during his early years as despot. Fled to Naples when his final territories were conquered by the
Ottomans in 1479.
1264:
Nephew and legitimate heir of Carlo I Tocco. Warred with the illegitimate sons of Carlo I Tocco, who tried to claim the despotate. Carlo II's reign saw the loss of most mainland territories to the
Ottomans.
353:
buffer the lack of actual imperial control in the region, only being a nominal reference to the power previously exercised in Epirus by Greek despots. From 1418 onwards, Carlo rendered his title in Latin as
150:. The name "Despotate of Epirus" and the title "despot of Epirus" are modern historiographical names, and were not in use by the despots themselves. In the Byzantine Empire, the title of
402:. Later members of the Tocco family, pretenders to the title, used both "Despot of Romania" and "Despot of Arta"; a 1697 Italian text titles the despots of the Tocco family as
756:
186:", the two capitals of the despotate at different points in time. Some rulers used the version "despot of Romania" (Romania essentially referring to the territories of the
2338:
253:) was a prestigious and elevated court title. It was not used as a ruling title in regards to any specific landed possession. As such, referring to the rulers of the
1231:
Son of
Maddalena de' Buondelmonti, sister of Esau de' Buondelmonti. Invited to become the new ruler of Ioannina after the locals deposed Giorgio de' Buondelmonti.
371:
was confirmed by Manuel II, but contemporary
Byzantine sources are silent on the matter. Documents from Ioannia and Arta give Carlo the full title
324:"). Epirus was a part of Romania (not meaning the modern country, but essentially "the territories of the Roman Empire", i.e. Byzantium).
1552:
1531:
2382:
1506:, following the extinction of his last certain male-line descendants in the 16th century. Thomas Palaiologos had married the heiress of
2137:
41:
573:
Illegitimate son of
Michael I Komnenos Doukas. Proclaimed himself the ruler of Epirus in the aftermath of Theodore's defeat at the
2471:
2357:
2346:
2277:
2251:
1059:
Daughter of Simeon Uroš and widow of Thomas II Preljubović. Proclaimed ruler by the populace of
Ioannina. Assumed the title
1163:. Briefly ruler of Ioannina under the regency of his mother, who was unpopular. Deposed by the local nobility in favour of
1036:
2413:
2394:
1370:
after the fall of the despotate. Received valuable fiefs in southern Italy but had lost them by the time of his death.
714:
Grandson of
Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas and husband of the widow of Thomas I Komnenos Doukas. Killed by his brother,
2466:
2161:
2126:
815:
1510:, the last Prince of Achaea, and had inherited the territories of the principality upon Centurione's death in 1432.
205:. Leonardo escaped into exile and his descendants continued to claim the title until 1642, when the titular despot
2152:
2221:
The Byzantine family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus) ca. 1100-1460: A Genealogical and Prosopographical Study
823:
586:
881:
Returned to the Epirote throne through retaking Epirus from the Serbian Empire. Died in battle against an
1136:
2476:
2461:
2436:
2269:
2193:
2171:
811:
550:
289:
2112:
1337:
1273:
452:
263:
70:
306:
Use of a version of the title despot actually associated with territory began under the rule of the
2406:
The Tocco of the Greek Realm: Nobility, Power and Migration in Latin Greece (14th – 15th Centuries)
1099:
618:
505:
267:
2118:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
2266:
The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans
1507:
533:
488:
358:
293:
2243:
The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages
1160:
574:
349:
241:
164:
2289:"Les armoiries des Tocco de Céphalonie dans la citadelle intérieure de la forteresse d'Arta"
990:
325:
964:
850:
768:
226:
151:
2224:. Dumbarton Oaks studies 11. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
2197:
8:
1503:
480:
378:
254:
139:
45:
1394:
900:
201:, who ruled from 1448 to 1479, when the remnants of the despotate were conquered by the
31:
2308:
1488:
1398:
1343:
1279:
399:
198:
80:
2175:
2409:
2390:
2342:
2312:
2273:
2247:
2225:
2203:
2181:
2157:
2147:
2122:
1548:
1411:
345:
321:
300:
2431:
2369:
2300:
1544:
1484:
1452:
814:
recaptures Epirus in 1338; it is briefly restored to independence with the help of
807:
476:
362:
332:, was granted the dignity of despot by Simeon and titled himself as the "Despot of
297:
222:
210:
143:
446:
2241:
2219:
2116:
1432:
1379:
691:
642:
420:
311:
836:
685:
1241:
972:
904:
832:
732:
715:
529:
499:
484:
395:
230:
202:
155:
147:
1483:
Son of Leonardo V Tocco. In 1642, Antonio substituted his title for the title
936:
930:
840:
357:, as the Orsini despots had done before him. This title had also been used by
329:
296:
in the 1230s, and then again, as a sign of submission and vassalage, from the
2455:
2207:
2185:
1527:
1472:
1208:
1164:
819:
799:
Son of John Orsini, ruled under the regency of his mother Anna Palaiologina.
659:
653:
544:
340:
307:
206:
88:
37:
2373:
1122:
Second husband of Maria Angelina. The two were married on the suggestion of
2261:
2237:
2215:
1181:
1030:
1017:
Married to Maria Angelina, daughter of Simeon Uroš. Made ruler of the city
279:
187:
179:
2288:
2229:
1123:
2322:"I di Tocco, Sovrani dell'Epiro e di Leucade: Studio storico-genealogico"
328:, who was granted Epirus by its previous ruler, claimant Serbian emperor
314:
dynasty. Of Italian descent, the Orsini rulers rendered their title as
726:
1556:
984:
882:
336:" to designate his rule over his capital Ioannina and all of Epirus.
271:
246:
2321:
2304:
1491:. He continued to live in exile under the new title, dying in 1678.
194:" (claiming rulership over the Romans, i.e. the Byzantines/Greeks).
1018:
968:
391:
333:
273:
191:
183:
2177:
The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566)
975:, daughter of John Orsini. Previously Serbian governor of Epirus.
483:, established himself as ruler of Epirus in the aftermath of the
1367:
288:. The first ruler of Epirus to receive the title of despot was
2358:"Les origines du despotat d'Épire. À propos d'un livre récent"
755:
Grandson of Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas. Killed by his wife,
1884:
1806:
641:
Son of Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas. Murdered by his nephew,
234:
1613:
528:
Half-brother of Michael I Komnenos Doukas. Aimed to capture
2335:
Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Band 3: Nikopolis und Kephallēnia
2202:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 497–515.
1363:
822:, before being recaptured by the Byzantines again in 1340.
178:
origin, but several other versions are, such as "despot of
1947:
1637:
654:
Orsini dynasty, line of Maria Komnene Doukaina (1318–1359)
2383:"Revival and Decline: Voices from the Byzantine Capital"
2068:
2066:
2053:
2051:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1925:
1923:
1908:
2339:
Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
2326:
Notiziario dell'Associazione Nobiliare Regionale Veneta
1862:
1860:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1678:
1676:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1311:
409:
2024:
2012:
1959:
1823:
1821:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1736:
1712:
414:
2121:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
2063:
2048:
1971:
1920:
1724:
1700:
1688:
266:, never used the title and neither did his successor
2078:
1988:
1872:
1857:
1845:
1775:
1673:
1649:
1584:
257:(a non-contemporary term for the state) as "Despots
2090:
2036:
2000:
1896:
1833:
1818:
1760:
1072:
532:and restore the Byzantine Empire, being proclaimed
169:
40:, founder of the last ruling dynasty of Epirus, as
1572:
1601:
967:; established himself as the ruler of Epirus and
2453:
2156:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
843:, Stefan's half-brother, is appointed governor.
894:
209:abandoned it and instead claimed the title of
339:Upon becoming the ruler of Ioannina in 1411,
2332:
1619:
1175:
374:Dominus Carolus Dei Gratia despotus Romaniae
998:Тома Прељубовић, Θωμάς Κομνηνός Παλαιολόγος
385:
372:
366:
315:
310:, following the extinction of the original
1553:Count Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
1543:Leonardo III's regnal number derives from
1532:Count Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
1336:
1272:
1029:
983:
929:
684:
543:
498:
445:
42:count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
2246:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2429:
2355:
2333:Soustal, Peter; Koder, Johannes (1981).
2139:Lo scettro del despota o vero Del titolo
1800:
1643:
830:
805:
270:, who actually crowned himself emperor (
2403:
2286:
1965:
1953:
1929:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1595:
1578:
1487:. The change in title was confirmed by
944:Симеон Урош, Συμεών Ούρεσης Παλαιολόγος
2454:
2387:Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261-1557)
2380:
2192:
2170:
2142:. Nella stamperia di Giacomo Raillard.
2072:
2057:
1982:
1866:
1530:, who was not the ruler of Epirus but
384:Carlo also sometimes used the version
16:Title in the Byzantine successor state
2319:
2293:Bulletin de correspondance hellénique
2260:
2236:
2214:
2135:
2096:
2084:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1914:
1890:
1878:
1851:
1812:
1769:
1625:
1526:John II's regnal number derives from
1021:and other parts of Epirus by Simeon.
142:, one of the successor states of the
2430:Goodyear, Michael (10 August 2020).
2111:
1902:
1839:
1827:
1661:
1655:
1607:
1551:, who were not rulers of Epirus but
1358:(previously ruling despot 1448–1479)
1312:Titular despots of Epirus, 1479–1642
1050:Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina
1044:Μαρία Αγγελίνα Δούκαινα Παλαιολογίνα
410:List of despots of Epirus, 1205–1479
406:("Despots of Romania and of Arta").
190:, i.e. Byzantium) or "despot of the
48:) and as despot of Epirus (sinister)
1935:
1502:descendants of Thomas Palaiologos,
609:Son of Michael II Komnenos Doukas.
415:Komnenos Doukas dynasty (1205–1318)
13:
2153:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
489:sack and capture of Constantinople
404:Despoti de Romanìa, & del'Arta
14:
2488:
2196:(1921). "Balkan Exiles in Rome".
1159:Son of Esau de' Buondelmonti by
1073:Buondelmonti dynasty (1385–1411)
725:
30:
2146:
2136:Gizzi, Andrea Giuseppe (1697).
2105:
1941:
1667:
1631:
1537:
1520:
197:The final despot of Epirus was
2472:Byzantine Empire-related lists
2423:
2389:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1393:Son of Leonardo III Tocco and
1:
1566:
1387:
1352:
475:Cousin of Byzantine emperors
282:
2385:. In Evans, Helen C. (ed.).
1479:
1471:
1459:
1451:
1439:
1431:
1418:
1410:
1386:
1378:
1350:
1342:
1298:
1278:
1260:
1240:
1227:
1207:
1155:
1135:
1118:
1098:
1055:
1035:
1013:
989:
959:
935:
895:Nemanjić dynasty (1359–1385)
877:
849:
795:
767:
751:
731:
710:
690:
637:
617:
605:
585:
569:
549:
524:
504:
471:
451:
272:
247:
7:
2381:Talbot, Alice-Mary (2004).
2362:Revue des études byzantines
1327:
1324:
1321:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1008:Thōmas Komnēnos Palaiologos
920:
917:
914:
675:
672:
669:
436:
433:
430:
348:to Constantinople, Emperor
170:
10:
2493:
2437:World History Encyclopedia
2270:Cambridge University Press
2199:Essays on the Latin Orient
1443:Son of Leonardo IV Tocco.
1330:
1318:
1200:
1188:
1179:
1091:
1079:
954:Simeon Ouresēs Palaiologos
923:
911:
898:
812:Andronikos III Palaiologos
678:
666:
657:
600:Nikēphoros Komnēnos Doukas
439:
427:
418:
235:
2356:Stiernon, Lucien (1959).
2287:Osswald, Brendan (2018).
1176:Tocco dynasty (1411–1479)
594:Νικηφόρος Κομνηνός Δούκας
519:Theodōros Komnēnos Doukas
264:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
159:
124:
106:
98:
76:
71:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
66:
61:
57:
53:
29:
21:
2467:Lists of medieval people
1893:, pp. 157, 353–354.
1815:, pp. 114–121, 124.
1620:Soustal & Koder 1981
1513:
1463:Son of Francesco Tocco.
1422:Son of Carlo III Tocco.
513:Θεόδωρος Κομνηνὸς Δούκας
268:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
216:
146:in the aftermath of the
2404:Zečević, Nada (2014) .
2374:10.3406/rebyz.1959.1200
2180:. London: John Murray.
1328:Succession & notes
1198:Succession & notes
1144:Γεώργιος Μπουοντελμόντι
1089:Succession & notes
921:Succession & notes
746:Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas
740:Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Δούκας
676:Succession & notes
564:Michaēl Komnēnos Doukas
534:emperor at Thessalonica
466:Michaēl Komnēnos Doukas
437:Succession & notes
381:, Despot of Romania").
113:(fall of the Despotate)
2320:Shamà, Davide (2013).
1508:Centurione II Zaccaria
1150:Geōrgios Bouontelmonti
632:Thōmas Komnēnos Doukas
558:Μιχαήλ Κομνηνός Δούκας
460:Μιχαήλ Κομνηνός Δούκας
386:
373:
367:
359:Centurione II Zaccaria
316:
294:Manuel of Thessalonica
2432:"Despotate of Epirus"
2337:(in German). Vienna:
626:Θωμάς Κομνηνός Δούκας
575:Battle of Klokotnitsa
350:Manuel II Palaiologos
326:Thomas II Preljubović
138:was the ruler of the
2113:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
826:serves as governor.
806:1338/1340–1348: The
1956:, pp. 98, 111.
1917:, pp. 353–354.
1646:, pp. 122–126.
1504:Despot of the Morea
1397:, granddaughter of
1126:, Maria's brother.
1107:Ησαύ Μπουοντελμόντι
481:Alexios III Angelos
379:by the grace of God
255:Despotate of Epirus
140:Despotate of Epirus
119:(last use of title)
2148:Kazhdan, Alexander
1489:Philip IV of Spain
1399:Thomas Palaiologos
1362:Lived in exile in
1113:Esau Bouontelmonti
400:Leonardo III Tocco
199:Leonardo III Tocco
81:Leonardo III Tocco
67:First monarch
2477:Despots of Epirus
2462:Lists of monarchs
2348:978-3-7001-0399-8
2279:978-0-511-58369-8
2253:978-0-521-13089-9
2033:, pp. 48–49.
2021:, pp. 45–46.
1658:, pp. 68–69.
1622:, pp. 38–39.
1549:Leonardo II Tocco
1499:
1498:
1359:
1309:
1308:
1296:
1288:
1258:
1250:
1225:
1217:
1173:
1172:
1153:
1145:
1116:
1108:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1045:
1011:
999:
957:
945:
892:
891:
875:
867:
864:Nikēphoros Doukas
859:
839:conquers Epirus;
793:
785:
782:Nikēphoros Doukas
777:
757:Anna Palaiologina
749:
741:
708:
700:
651:
650:
635:
627:
603:
595:
567:
559:
522:
514:
469:
461:
387:Despotus Romeorum
368:Despotus Romaniae
355:Despotus Romaniae
322:Despot of Romania
317:Despotus Romaniae
301:John III Vatatzes
292:, from his uncle
244:
182:" and "despot of
168:
132:
131:
120:
114:
94:
86:
77:Last monarch
2484:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2419:
2400:
2377:
2352:
2329:
2316:
2283:
2262:Nicol, Donald M.
2257:
2238:Nicol, Donald M.
2233:
2216:Nicol, Donald M.
2211:
2189:
2167:
2143:
2132:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1773:
1767:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1582:
1576:
1560:
1541:
1535:
1524:
1485:Prince of Achaea
1395:Milica Branković
1389:
1357:
1354:
1340:
1316:
1315:
1293:Leonardos Tokkos
1290:
1287:Λεονάρδος Τόκκος
1286:
1276:
1252:
1248:
1219:
1215:
1186:
1185:
1161:Jevdokija Balšić
1147:
1143:
1140:de' Buondelmonti
1110:
1106:
1103:de' Buondelmonti
1077:
1076:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1004:Toma Preljubović
1001:
997:
987:
947:
943:
933:
909:
908:
901:Nemanjić dynasty
869:
861:
858:Νικηφόρος Δούκας
857:
808:Byzantine Empire
787:
779:
776:Νικηφόρος Δούκας
775:
743:
739:
729:
702:
698:
688:
664:
663:
629:
625:
597:
593:
561:
557:
547:
516:
512:
502:
477:Isaac II Angelos
463:
459:
449:
425:
424:
390:("Despot of the
389:
376:
370:
363:Prince of Achaea
319:
287:
284:
277:
252:
240:
238:
237:
223:Byzantine Empire
211:prince of Achaea
173:
163:
161:
144:Byzantine Empire
136:despot of Epirus
118:
112:
92:
84:
36:Coat of arms of
34:
25:
19:
18:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2452:
2451:
2442:
2440:
2426:
2416:
2397:
2349:
2305:10.4000/bch.689
2280:
2254:
2194:Miller, William
2172:Miller, William
2164:
2129:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1776:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:, pp. 614, 716.
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1559:, respectively.
1542:
1538:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1495:
1494:
1425:
1404:
1356:
1314:
1289:
1285:
1251:
1247:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1184:
1178:
1146:
1142:
1129:
1109:
1105:
1075:
1066:
1046:
1042:
1024:
1000:
996:
978:
965:Serbian emperor
946:
942:
907:
897:
888:
868:
860:
856:
831:1348–1356: The
796:1335–1338/1340
786:
778:
774:
742:
738:
705:Nikolaos Orsini
701:
699:Νικόλαος Ορσίνι
697:
662:
656:
643:Nicholas Orsini
628:
624:
622:Komnenos Doukas
596:
592:
590:Komnenos Doukas
560:
556:
554:Komnenos Doukas
515:
511:
509:Komnenos Doukas
462:
458:
456:Komnenos Doukas
423:
421:Komnenos Doukas
417:
412:
312:Komnenos Doukas
298:Nicaean emperor
285:
262:Epirote realm,
225:, the title of
219:
117:
115:
111:
91:
87:
83:
49:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2490:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2450:
2449:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:978-8687115118
2414:
2401:
2396:978-1588391131
2395:
2378:
2353:
2347:
2330:
2317:
2299:(2): 803–844.
2284:
2278:
2258:
2252:
2234:
2212:
2190:
2168:
2162:
2150:, ed. (1991).
2144:
2133:
2127:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2089:
2087:, p. 116.
2077:
2075:, p. 489.
2062:
2060:, p. 488.
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1997:, p. 224.
1987:
1985:, p. 513.
1970:
1968:, p. 123.
1958:
1946:
1934:
1919:
1907:
1905:, p. 354.
1895:
1883:
1881:, p. 143.
1871:
1856:
1854:, p. 133.
1844:
1842:, p. 350.
1832:
1830:, p. 347.
1817:
1805:
1774:
1759:
1757:, p. 126.
1747:
1745:, p. 116.
1735:
1723:
1721:, p. 100.
1711:
1699:
1687:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1583:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1536:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1481:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1391:
1385:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1360:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:Karolos Tokkos
1249:Κάρολος Τόκκος
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:Karolos Tokkos
1216:Κάρολος Τόκκος
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1157:
1154:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1012:
988:
980:
979:
976:
973:Thomais Orsini
961:
958:
934:
926:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
905:Serbian Empire
896:
893:
890:
889:
886:
879:
876:
848:
845:
844:
833:Serbian Empire
828:
827:
803:
802:
800:
797:
794:
766:
763:
762:
760:
753:
750:
730:
722:
721:
719:
712:
709:
689:
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
655:
652:
649:
648:
646:
639:
636:
616:
613:
612:
610:
607:
604:
584:
581:
580:
578:
571:
568:
548:
540:
539:
537:
530:Constantinople
526:
523:
503:
495:
494:
492:
485:Fourth Crusade
473:
470:
450:
442:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
416:
413:
411:
408:
396:Carlo II Tocco
377:("Lord Carlo,
218:
215:
203:Ottoman Empire
148:Fourth Crusade
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
54:
51:
50:
35:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2489:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2364:(in French).
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:(in Italian).
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2295:(in French).
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2268:. Cambridge:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2163:0-19-504652-8
2159:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2128:0-472-08260-4
2124:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2099:, p. 12.
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2045:, p. 52.
2044:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2009:, p. 42.
2008:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1932:, p. 80.
1931:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1869:, p. 51.
1868:
1863:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1801:Goodyear 2020
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1772:, p. 53.
1771:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1733:, p. 97.
1732:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1709:, p. 92.
1708:
1703:
1697:, p. 82.
1696:
1691:
1685:, p. 81.
1684:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1644:Stiernon 1959
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1610:, p. 69.
1609:
1604:
1598:, p. 91.
1597:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1528:John I Orsini
1523:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1348:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1317:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1187:
1183:
1169:
1166:
1165:Carlo I Tocco
1162:
1158:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1078:
1065:
1063:("empress").
1062:
1058:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
986:
982:
981:
977:
974:
970:
966:
962:
955:
951:
941:
939:
932:
928:
927:
910:
906:
902:
887:
884:
880:
873:
865:
855:
853:
852:Nikephoros II
847:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
825:
821:
820:Latin Empress
817:
813:
809:
804:
801:
798:
791:
783:
773:
771:
770:Nikephoros II
765:
764:
761:
758:
754:
747:
737:
735:
728:
724:
723:
720:
717:
713:
706:
696:
694:
687:
683:
682:
665:
661:
660:Orsini family
647:
644:
640:
633:
623:
621:
615:
614:
611:
608:
601:
591:
589:
583:
582:
579:
576:
572:
565:
555:
553:
546:
542:
541:
538:
535:
531:
527:
520:
510:
508:
501:
497:
496:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
467:
457:
455:
448:
444:
443:
426:
422:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
382:
380:
375:
369:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
342:
341:Carlo I Tocco
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
313:
309:
308:Orsini family
304:
302:
299:
295:
291:
281:
276:
275:
269:
265:
260:
256:
251:
250:
243:
232:
228:
224:
214:
212:
208:
207:Antonio Tocco
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
175:
172:
166:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
127:
123:
109:
105:
101:
97:
90:
89:Antonio Tocco
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
38:Carlo I Tocco
33:
28:
20:
2441:. Retrieved
2435:
2405:
2386:
2365:
2361:
2334:
2325:
2296:
2292:
2265:
2242:
2220:
2198:
2176:
2151:
2138:
2117:
2106:Bibliography
2092:
2080:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1966:Zečević 2014
1961:
1954:Zečević 2014
1949:
1937:
1930:Zečević 2014
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1847:
1835:
1808:
1755:Zečević 2014
1750:
1743:Zečević 2014
1738:
1731:Zečević 2014
1726:
1719:Zečević 2014
1714:
1707:Zečević 2014
1702:
1695:Zečević 2014
1690:
1683:Zečević 2014
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1596:Zečević 2014
1579:Osswald 2018
1574:
1555:and Lord of
1539:
1522:
1500:
1473:
1453:
1433:
1412:
1390:1503 – 1518
1380:
1345:Leonardo III
1344:
1292:
1281:Leonardo III
1280:
1254:
1242:
1221:
1209:
1182:Tocco family
1149:
1137:
1112:
1100:
1060:
1049:
1037:
1007:
1003:
991:
953:
949:
937:
872:second reign
871:
863:
851:
837:Stefan Dušan
824:John Angelos
789:
781:
769:
745:
733:
704:
692:
631:
619:
599:
588:Nikephoros I
587:
563:
551:
518:
506:
465:
453:
403:
383:
354:
338:
305:
280:Thessalonica
258:
248:
221:In the Late
220:
196:
188:Roman Empire
176:
135:
133:
2443:11 November
2424:Web sources
2073:Miller 1908
2058:Miller 1908
1983:Miller 1921
1867:Talbot 2004
1413:Leonardo IV
994:Preljubović
950:Simeon Uroš
841:Simeon Uroš
790:first reign
716:John Orsini
330:Simeon Uroš
286: 1225
2456:Categories
2408:. Makart.
2368:: 90–126.
2097:Nicol 1992
2085:Nicol 1992
2043:Shamà 2013
2031:Shamà 2013
2019:Shamà 2013
2007:Shamà 2013
1995:Nicol 1968
1944:, p. 2090.
1915:Nicol 1984
1891:Nicol 1984
1879:Nicol 1984
1852:Nicol 1984
1813:Nicol 1984
1770:Gizzi 1697
1567:References
1545:Leonardo I
1480:1641–1642
1460:1596–1641
1454:Leonardo V
1440:1564–1596
1419:1518–1564
1299:1448–1479
1261:1429–1448
1228:1411–1429
1180:See also:
1119:1385–1411
1056:1384–1385
1014:1366–1384
971:. Married
960:1359–1366
899:See also:
878:1356–1359
818:, titular
752:1323–1335
711:1318–1323
658:See also:
638:1297–1318
606:1271–1297
570:1230–1271
552:Michael II
525:1215–1230
472:1205–1215
419:See also:
290:Michael II
128:Hereditary
22:Despot of
2313:216810785
2208:457893641
2186:563022439
2115:(1994) .
1903:Fine 1994
1840:Fine 1994
1828:Fine 1994
1670:, p. 716.
1656:Fine 1994
1608:Fine 1994
1557:Zakynthos
1434:Francesco
1381:Carlo III
1124:John Uroš
1061:basilissa
992:Thomas II
963:Claimant
816:Catherine
536:in 1224.
454:Michael I
242:translit.
165:romanized
125:Appointer
107:Abolition
99:Formation
93:(titular)
2264:(1992).
2240:(1984).
2218:(1968).
2174:(1908).
1243:Carlo II
1040:Angelina
1019:Ioannina
969:Thessaly
885:revolt.
883:Albanian
693:Nicholas
620:Thomas I
507:Theodore
346:Leonardo
334:Ioannina
274:basileus
249:despótēs
236:δεσπότης
184:Ioannina
171:despótēs
160:δεσπότης
85:(ruling)
1474:Antonio
1366:and in
1351:1479 –
1210:Carlo I
1138:Giorgio
734:John II
167::
62:Details
2412:
2393:
2345:
2311:
2276:
2250:
2230:390843
2228:
2206:
2184:
2160:
2125:
1368:Naples
1325:Claim
1319:Image
1195:Reign
1189:Image
1086:Reign
1080:Image
938:Simeon
918:Reign
912:Image
854:Orsini
835:under
810:under
772:Orsini
736:Orsini
695:Orsini
673:Reign
667:Image
434:Reign
428:Image
392:Romans
245:
227:despot
192:Romans
152:despot
46:dexter
24:Epirus
2309:S2CID
1514:Notes
1476:Tocco
1456:Tocco
1436:Tocco
1415:Tocco
1383:Tocco
1347:Tocco
1322:Name
1283:Tocco
1245:Tocco
1212:Tocco
1192:Name
1156:1411
1083:Name
1038:Maria
915:Name
670:Name
431:Name
278:) at
231:Greek
217:Title
156:Greek
2445:2020
2410:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2343:ISBN
2274:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2226:OCLC
2204:OCLC
2182:OCLC
2158:ISBN
2123:ISBN
1547:and
1364:Rome
1355:1503
1331:Ref
1201:Ref
1101:Esau
1092:Ref
940:Uroš
924:Ref
903:and
679:Ref
479:and
440:Ref
180:Arta
134:The
116:1642
110:1479
102:1205
2370:doi
2301:doi
2297:142
1942:ODB
1668:ODB
1632:ODB
487:'s
2458::
2434:.
2366:17
2360:.
2341:.
2324:.
2307:.
2291:.
2272:.
2065:^
2050:^
1973:^
1922:^
1859:^
1820:^
1777:^
1762:^
1675:^
1586:^
1401:.
1388:c.
1353:c.
1167:.
1006:,
952:,
759:.
718:.
645:.
577:.
491:.
361:,
320:("
303:.
283:c.
259:of
239:,
233::
213:.
162:,
158::
2447:.
2418:.
2399:.
2376:.
2372::
2351:.
2315:.
2303::
2282:.
2256:.
2232:.
2210:.
2188:.
2166:.
2131:.
1803:.
1581:.
1534:.
1295:)
1291:(
1257:)
1253:(
1224:)
1220:(
1152:)
1148:(
1115:)
1111:(
1052:)
1048:(
1010:)
1002:(
956:)
948:(
874:)
870:(
866:)
862:(
792:)
788:(
784:)
780:(
748:)
744:(
707:)
703:(
634:)
630:(
602:)
598:(
566:)
562:(
521:)
517:(
468:)
464:(
229:(
154:(
44:(
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