Medroxyprogesterone acetate

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warrant changing their recommendation of no restriction – Medical Eligibility for Contraception (MEC) category 1 – on the use of DMPA in women at high risk for HIV. Two meta-analyses of observational studies in sub-Saharan Africa were published in January 2015. They found a 1.4- to 1.5-fold increase risk of HIV acquisition for DMPA users relative to no hormonal contraceptive use. In January 2015, the Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists issued a statement reaffirming that there is no reason to advise against use of DMPA in the United Kingdom even for women at 'high risk' of HIV infection. A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk of HIV infection in DMPA users published in fall of 2015 stated that "the epidemiological and biological evidence now make a compelling case that DMPA adds significantly to the risk of male-to-female HIV transmission." In 2019, a randomized controlled trial found no significant association between DMPA use and HIV.

2209:

include baseline data on depression, and due to the incidence of depression in the study, the FDA required package labeling for DMPA stating that women with depression should be observed carefully and that DMPA should be discontinued if depression recurs. A subsequent study of 495 women treated with DMPA over the course of 1 year found that the mean depression score slightly decreased in the whole group of continuing users from 7.4 to 6.7 (by 9.5%) and decreased in the quintile of that group with the highest depression scores at baseline from 15.4 to 9.5 (by 38%). Based on the results of this study and others, a consensus began emerging that DMPA does not in fact increase the risk of depression nor worsen the severity of pre-existing depression.

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Other reports in various settings, including a private practice , adolescent clinics , a psychiatric hospital and inner-city family-planning clinics , have not found an adverse effect of DMPA on depression. Using a variety of objective indices for depressive symptoms, the overall data for both OCs and DMPA are supportive that these agents have no significant effect on mood. Although history of mood symptoms prior to OC use may predispose a subgroup of women to negative mood changes, the data for DMPA suggest that even women who have depressive symptoms prior to treatment can tolerate therapy with no exacerbation of these symptoms.

1903:

instantaneously after the first injection. Depo-subQ Provera 104 is a variation of the original intramuscular DMPA that is instead a 104 mg microcrystalline dose in aqueous suspension administered by subcutaneous injection. It contains 69% of the MPA found in the original intramuscular DMPA formulation. It can be injected using a smaller injection needle inserting the medication just below the skin, instead of into the muscle, in either the abdomen or thigh. This subcutaneous injection claims to reduce the side effects of DMPA while still maintaining all the same benefits of the original intramuscular DMPA.

58: 5786:

in over 90 countries worldwide by 1992. Upjohn attempted to gain FDA approval of DMPA as a contraceptive again in 1978, and yet again in 1983, but both applications failed similarly to the 1967 application. However, in 1992, the medication was finally approved by the FDA, under the brand name Depo-Provera, for use in contraception. A subcutaneous formulation of DMPA was introduced in the United States as a contraceptive under the brand name Depo-SubQ Provera 104 (104 mg/0.65 mL MPA) in December 2004, and subsequently was also approved for the treatment of

795: 772: 5284:. Following this, levels of MPA decreased to 0.09 to 0.35 ng/mL 12 hours post-administration. In another study, peak levels of MPA were 3.4 to 4.4 ng/mL within 1 to 4 hours of administration of 10 mg oral MPA using radioimmunoassay. Subsequently, MPA levels fell to 0.3 to 0.6 ng/mL 24 hours after administration. In a third study, MPA levels were 4.2 to 4.4 ng/mL after an oral dose of 5 mg MPA and 6.0 ng/mL after an oral dose of 10 mg MPA, both using radioimmunoassay as well. 49: 6093:– DMPA caused breast cancer tumors in dogs. Critics of the study claimed that dogs are more sensitive to artificial progesterone, and that the doses were too high to extrapolate to humans. The FDA pointed out that all substances carcinogenic to humans are carcinogenic to animals as well, and that if a substance is not carcinogenic it does not register as a carcinogen at high doses. Levels of DMPA which caused malignant mammary tumors in dogs were equivalent to 25 times the amount of the normal 4522:. Conversely, in a study that combined 2.5 mg/day oral MPA with various oral estrogens, no influence of MPA on estrogen-induced increases in SHBG levels was discerned. In another, higher-dose study, SHBG levels were lower by 59% in a group of women treated with 50 mg/day oral MPA alone relative to an untreated control group of women. In massive-dose studies of oral or injectable MPA (e.g., 500–1,000 mg/day), the medication decreased SHBG levels by about 80%. 6129:

that data collection was questionable, consent forms and protocol were absent; that those women whose consent had been obtained at all were not told of possible side effects. Women whose known medical conditions indicated that use of DMPA would endanger their health were given the shot. Several of the women in the study died; some of cancer, but some for other reasons, such as suicide due to depression. Over half the 13,000 women in the study were

6057:, applied repeatedly for approval. FDA advisory committees unanimously recommended approval in 1973, 1975 and 1992, as did the FDA's professional medical staff, but the FDA repeatedly denied approval. Ultimately, on 29 October 1992, the FDA approved DMPA for birth control, which had by then been used by over 30 million women since 1969 and was approved and being used by nearly 9 million women in more than 90 countries, including the 1879:. It has also been marketed in the form of 100, 200, 250, 400, and 500 mg oral tablets; 500 and 1,000 mg oral suspensions; and as a 50 mg/mL microcrystalline aqueous suspension for intramuscular injection. A 100 mg/mL microcrystalline aqueous suspension for intramuscular injection was previously available as well. In addition to single-drug formulations, MPA is available in the form of oral tablets in combination with 2205:. A 2018 systematic review of the relationship between progestin-based contraception and depression included three large studies of DMPA and reported no association between DMPA and depression. According to a 2003 review of DMPA, the majority of published clinical studies indicate that DMPA is not associated with depression, and the overall data support the notion that the medication does not significantly affect mood. 23133: 1367: 14865: 5773:, but this formulation was discontinued in 1970. This formulation was marketed by Upjohn outside of the U.S. under the brand names Provestral and Provestrol, while Cyclo-Farlutal (or Ciclofarlutal) and Nogest-S were formulations available outside of the U.S. with a different dosage (5 mg MPA and 50 or 75 μg ethinylestradiol tablets). 3019:, and progestogens by themselves normally do not increase the risk of thrombosis. It has been argued that the higher incidence with DMPA has reflected preferential prescription of DMPA to women considered to be at an increased risk of VTE. Alternatively, it is possible that MPA may be an exception among progestins in terms of VTE risk. A 2018 5327:, the medication is detectable in the circulation within 30 minutes, serum concentrations vary but generally plateau at 1.0 ng/mL (2.6 nmol/L) for 3 months. Following this, there is a gradual decline in MPA levels, and the medication can be detected in the circulation for as long as 6 to 9 months post-injection. The 14846: 5124:, MPA can partially inhibit the binding of flunitrazepam by up to 40% with half-maximal inhibition at 1 μM. However, the concentrations of MPA required for inhibition are high relative to therapeutic concentrations, and hence, this action is probably of little or no clinical relevance. The lack of potentiation of the GABA 3100:

growth in height," but that "after adjustment for socioeconomic factors by multiple logistic regression, there was no increased risk of impaired growth among the DMPA-exposed children." The study also noted that effects of DMPA exposure on puberty require further study, as so few children over the age of 10 were observed.

5576: 5532: 3058:(WHO) recommends that the use not be restricted. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists notes that the potential adverse effects on BMD be balanced against the known negative effects of unintended pregnancy using other birth control methods or no method, particularly among adolescents. 10792:

Morrison CS, Chen PL, Kwok C, Baeten JM, Brown J, Crook AM, Van Damme L, Delany-Moretlwe S, Francis SC, Friedland BA, Hayes RJ, Heffron R, Kapiga S, Karim QA, Karpoff S, Kaul R, McClelland RS, McCormack S, McGrath N, Myer L, Rees H, van der Straten A, Watson-Jones D, van de Wijgert JH, Stalter R, Low

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Oral MPA and DMPA are widely available throughout the world. Oral MPA is available both alone and in combination with the estrogens CEEs, estradiol, and estradiol valerate. DMPA is registered for use as a form of birth control in more than 100 countries worldwide. The combination of injected MPA

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approval of intramuscular DMPA as a long-acting contraceptive under the brand name Depo-Provera (150 mg/mL MPA) in 1967, but the application was rejected. However, this formulation was successfully introduced in countries outside of the United States for the first time in 1969, and was available

1728:. DMPA reduces the risk of endometrial cancer by 80%. The reduced risk of endometrial cancer in DMPA users is thought to be due to both the direct anti-proliferative effect of progestogen on the endometrium and the indirect reduction of estrogen levels by suppression of ovarian follicular development. 15662:

Shapiro S, Rosenberg L, Hoffman M, Kelly JP, Cooper DD, Carrara H, Denny LE, du Toit G, Allan BR, Stander IA, Williamson AL (June 2003). "Risk of invasive cancer of the cervix in relation to the use of injectable progestogen contraceptives and combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives (South

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Atlanta/Grady Study – Upjohn studied the effect of DMPA for 11 years in Atlanta, mostly on black women who were receiving public assistance, but did not file any of the required follow-up reports with the FDA. Investigators who eventually visited noted that the studies were disorganized. "They found

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levels of the medication were 1.6 to 1.8 times higher in those who were 65 years of age or older relative to those who were 60 years of age or younger. As such, levels of MPA have been found to vary with age, and MPA may have an increased risk of side effects in elderly postmenopausal

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of MPA for inhibition of 3β-HSD II is 3.0 μM, and this concentration is reportedly near the circulating levels of the medication that are achieved by very high therapeutic dosages of MPA of 5 to 20 mg/kg/day (dosages of 300 to 1,200 mg/day for a 60 kg (132 lb) person). Aside

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reported that a single 150 mg dose suppressed testosterone levels into the defined male castrate range (<58 ng/dL) within 7 days and that castration levels of testosterone were maintained for 3 months. Very high doses of intramuscular MPA of 150 to 500 mg per week (but up

2314: 1672:(3.7%), which were (as with DMPA) an order of magnitude higher than in clinical trials. Since Norplant and ParaGard allow no scope for user error, their much higher 1995 NSFG failure rates were attributed by Trussell to contraceptive overreporting at the time of a conception leading to a live birth. 12074:

The results showed that after injection the concentration of plasma MA increased rapidly. The meantime of peak plasma MA level was 3rd day, there was a linear relationship between log of plasma MA concentration and time (day) after administration in all subjects, elimination phase half-life t1/2β =

9391:

Another common patient tolerability concern reported with hormonal contraception is the effect on mood . The majority of published reports indicate that DMPA does not cause depressive symptoms. In a large, 1-year, clinical trial of DMPA in 3857 US women, fewer than 2% of users reported depression .

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Advantages of DMPA Injectables. 5. Reduced risk of ectopic pregnancy. Compared with women who use no contraceptive at all, women who use DMPA have a reduced risk for having an ectopic pregnancy. Although the overall risk of pregnancy and thus ectopic pregnancy is lowered by DMPA, the possibility of

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when the government was accused of giving DMPA to Ethiopian immigrants without their consent. Some women claimed they were told it was a vaccination. The Israeli government denied the accusations but instructed the four health maintenance organizations to stop administering DMPA injections to women

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reported that "The FDA finally licensed the drug in 1990 in response to concerns about the population explosion in the third world and the reluctance of third world governments to license a drug not licensed in its originating country." Some scientists and women's groups in India continue to oppose

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Despite the efficacy and increasing acceptability of these long-term methods, some clinicians and women are reluctant to use them because of concerns regarding reduction in bone density with DMPA, and depressive symptoms and body weight issues with both injectables and implants. Recent multicenter

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progestins that are or have been used in birth control pills are typically omitted from such classifications or are grouped simply as "miscellaneous" or "pregnanes". In any case, based on its date of introduction in such formulations of 1964, MPA could be considered a "first-generation" progestin.

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under the brand name Depo-SubQ Provera 104. Other brand names of MPA formulated alone include Farlutal and Sayana for clinical use and Depo-Promone, Perlutex, Promone-E, and Veramix for veterinary use. In addition to single-drug formulations, MPA is marketed in combination with the estrogens CEEs,

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A larger study with longer follow-up concluded that "use of DMPA during pregnancy or breastfeeding does not adversely affect the long-term growth and development of children". This study also noted that "children with DMPA exposure during pregnancy and lactation had an increased risk of suboptimal

3061:

Three studies have suggested that bone loss is reversible after the discontinuation of DMPA. Other studies have suggested that the effect of DMPA use on postmenopausal bone density is minimal, perhaps because DMPA users experience less bone loss at menopause. Use after peak bone mass is associated

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when used as a microcrystalline aqueous suspension via intramuscular injection. Smaller crystals dissolve faster and are absorbed more rapidly, resulting in a shorter duration of action. Particle sizes can differ between different formulations of MPA, potentially influencing clinical efficacy and

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concentrations achieved after three days and peak concentrations occurring 1.5 to 2 hours after ingestion. With 2.5 mg/day MPA, levels of the medication were 0.3 ng/mL (0.8 nmol/L) in women under 60 years of age and 0.45 ng/mL (1.2 nmol/L) in women 65 years of age or

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There is uncertainty regarding the risk of HIV acquisition among DMPA users; some observational studies suggest an increased risk of HIV acquisition among women using DMPA, while others do not. The World Health Organization issued statements in February 2012 and July 2014 saying the data did not

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particularly when MPA is used as an injected form of long-term birth control. A study of accidental pregnancies among poor women in Thailand found that infants who had been exposed to DMPA during pregnancy had a higher risk of low birth weight and an 80% greater-than-usual chance of dying in the

1564:, from which it is slowly released over a period of several months. It takes one week to take effect if given after the first five days of the period cycle, and is effective immediately if given during the first five days of the period cycle. Estimates of first-year failure rates are about 0.3%. 2229:

investigated the use of a combination of oral CEEs and MPA compared to placebo. The study was prematurely terminated when previously unexpected risks were discovered, specifically the finding that though the all-cause mortality was not affected by the hormone therapy, the benefits of menopausal

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In the largest study to have assessed the relationship between MPA and depression to date, in which over 3,900 women were treated with DMPA for up to 7 years, the incidence of depression was infrequent at 1.5% and the discontinuation rate due to depression was 0.5%. This study did not

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and poor women in the United States, raising serious questions about coercion and lack of informed consent, particularly for the illiterate and for mentally disabled people, who in some reported cases were given DMPA long-term for reasons of "menstrual hygiene", although they were not sexually

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and other women's organizations testified at the hearing that the WHO was not objective, as the WHO had already distributed DMPA in developing countries. DMPA was approved for use in United States on the basis of the WHO review of previously submitted evidence from countries such as Thailand,

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effects with MPA, despite it binding to and activating the AR with high affinity and this action potentially playing an important role in many of its physiological and therapeutic effects, is not entirely clear. However, MPA has been found to interact with the AR differently compared to other

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time and is best delayed until six weeks after birth. It may be used within five days if not breast feeding. While a study showed "no significant difference in birth weights or incidence of birth defects" and "no significant alternation of immunity to infectious disease caused by breast milk

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in some women,. In fact, likely due to its suppressive actions on androgen levels, it has been reported that MPA is generally highly effective in improving pre-existing symptoms of hirsutism in women with the condition. However, MPA has been seen to cause androgenic effects in children with

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Svensson LO, Johnson SH, Olsson SE (March 1994). "Plasma concentrations of medroxyprogesterone acetate, estradiol and estrone following oral administration of Klimaxil, Trisequence/Provera and Divina. A randomized, single-blind, triple cross-over bioavailability study in menopausal women".

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for several months, with an accompanying decrease in serum progesterone to below 0.4 ng/mL. Ovulation resumes when once blood levels of MPA fall below 0.1 ng/mL. Serum estradiol remains at approximately 50 pg/mL for approximately four months post-injection (with a range of

4444:

Oral MPA has been found to suppress testosterone levels in men by about 30% (from 831 ng/dL to 585 ng/dL) at a dosage of 20 mg/day, by about 45–75% (average 60%; to 150–400 ng/dL) at a dosage of 60 mg/day, and by about 70–75% (from 832 to 862 ng/dL to 214 to

1902:

Depo-Provera is the brand name for a 150 mg microcrystalline aqueous suspension of DMPA that is administered by intramuscular injection. The shot must be injected into thigh, buttock, or deltoid muscle four times a year (every 11 to 13 weeks), and provides pregnancy protection

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Long-term studies of users of DMPA have found slight or no increased overall risk of breast cancer. However, the study population did show a slightly increased risk of breast cancer in recent users (DMPA use in the last four years) under age 35, similar to that seen with the use of

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Perhaps surprisingly, a consensus seems to be emerging that depot medroxyprogesterone acetate implants do not in fact result in an increase in the incidence of depression or in the severity of pre-existing depression, even after 1 or 2 years, nor do they cause significant weight

13197:

Lundgren S, Lønning PE (June 1990). "Influence of progestins on serum hormone levels in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer--II. A differential effect of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum estrone sulfate and sex hormone binding globulin".

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estradiol, and estradiol valerate. Brand names of MPA in combination with CEEs as oral tablets in different countries include Prempro, Premphase, Premique, Premia, and Premelle. Brand names of MPA in combination with estradiol as oral tablets include Indivina and Tridestra.

3580:(i.e., the effective contraceptive dosage) is 10 mg/day, whereas 5 mg/day was not sufficient to inhibit ovulation in all women. In accordance, the dosage of MPA used in oral contraceptives in the past was 10 mg per tablet. For comparison to MPA, the dosage of 5689:. MPA is known chemically as 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone or as 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, and its generic name is a contraction of 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate. MPA is closely related to other 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives such as 6109:

Speaking in comparative terms regarding animal studies of carcinogenicity for medications, a member of the FDA's Bureau of Drugs testified at an agency DMPA hearing, "...Animal data for this drug is more worrisome than any other drug we know of that is to be given to well

2212:

Similarly to the case of DMPA for hormonal contraception, the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), a study of 2,763 postmenopausal women treated with 0.625 mg/day oral CEEs plus 2.5 mg/day oral MPA or placebo for 36 months as a method of

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Clinical studies using massive dosages of up to 5,000 mg/day oral MPA and 2,000 mg/day intramuscular MPA for 30 days in women with advanced breast cancer have reported "no relevant side effects", which suggests that MPA has no meaningful direct action on the

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Medroxyprogesterone has similarly been shown to increase appetite and food intake with stabilization of body weight at a dose of 1000 mg (500 mg twice daily).13 Although the drug may be used at 500 to 4000 mg daily, side effects increase above oral doses of 1000 mg

2300: 13118:

Nachtigall LE, Raju U, Banerjee S, Wan L, Levitz M (2000). "Serum estradiol-binding profiles in postmenopausal women undergoing three common estrogen replacement therapies: associations with sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, and estrone levels".

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changes with progestins like MPA, and this has led to reluctance of some clinicians and women to use them. However, contrary to widely-held beliefs, most research suggests that progestins do not cause adverse psychological effects such as depression or

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to 900 mg per week) have similarly been reported to suppress testosterone levels to less than 100 ng/dL. The typical initial dose of intramuscular MPA for testosterone suppression in men with paraphilias is 400 or 500 mg per week.

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of progesterone and, analogously, can be transformed into metabolites such as 5α-dihydro-MPA (DHMPA) and 3α,5α-tetrahydro-MPA (THMPA). However, unlike the reduced metabolites of progesterone, DHMPA and THMPA have been found not to modulate the

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Meyer L, Venard C, Schaeffer V, Patte-Mensah C, Mensah-Nyagan AG (April 2008). "The biological activity of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase in the spinal cord regulates thermal and mechanical pain thresholds after sciatic nerve injury".

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an ectopic pregnancy should be excluded if a woman using DMPA becomes pregnant. One study showed that 1.5% of women who got pregnant on DMPA had an ectopic pregnancy, the same ectopic rate as women who conceived while not using contraception.

2175:. The average return to fertility is 9 to 10 months after the last injection, taking longer for overweight or obese women. By 18 months after the last injection, fertility is the same as that in former users of other contraceptive methods. 5949:

Oral pills: CEEs and MPA (Prempro, Prempro (Premarin, Cycrin), Premphase (Premarin, Cycrin 14/14), Premphase 14/14, Prempro/Premphase) – 0.3 mg / 1.5 mg; 0.45 mg / 1.5 mg; 0.625 mg / 2.5 mg; 0.625 mg /

4445:

251 ng/dL) at a dosage of 100 mg/day. Dosages of oral MPA of 2.5 to 30 mg/day in combination with estrogens have been used to help suppress testosterone levels in transgender women. One study of injectable MPA in men with

2101:(missed periods); after two years, the rate rises to 68%. In the first months of use "irregular or unpredictable bleeding or spotting, or, rarely, heavy or continuous bleeding" was reported. MPA does not appear to be associated with 15626:

Thomas DB, Ray RM (November 1995). "Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and risk of invasive adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix. WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives".

14885:

Depo-Provera is a drug, manufactured by The Upjohn Co., whose active ingredient is medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). FDA first approved the drug in 1959 to treat amenorrhea,5 irregular uterine bleeding, and threatened and habitual

3011:(VTE) when used as a form of progestogen-only birth control in premenopausal women. The increase in incidence of VTE ranges from 2.2-fold to 3.6-fold. Elevated risk of VTE with DMPA is unexpected, as DMPA has little or no effect on 10468:

Orr-Walker BJ, Evans MC, Ames RW, Clearwater JM, Cundy T, Reid IR (November 1998). "The effect of past use of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone mineral density in normal post-menopausal women".

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Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United

4930:) of 0.42 μM. However, inhibition of 3α-HSD by MPA does not appear to have been confirmed using human proteins yet, and the concentrations required with rat proteins are far above typical human therapeutic concentrations. 4480:(DHT). The result of this difference appears to be that MPA binds to the AR with a similar affinity and intrinsic activity to that of DHT, but requires about 100-fold higher concentrations for a comparable induction of 12431:

Novak E, Hendrix JW, Chen TT, Seckman CE, Royer GL, Pochi PE (October 1980). "Sebum production and plasma testosterone levels in man after high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment and androgen administration".

6394: 3655:

to become thin and atrophic. These changes in the endometrium could, theoretically, prevent implantation. However, because DMPA is highly effective in inhibiting ovulation and sperm penetration, the possibility of

3642:

on LH release prevent a LH surge. Inhibition of follicular development and the absence of a LH surge prevent ovulation. A secondary mechanism of action of all progestogen-containing contraceptives is inhibition of

13431:

Sunde A, Rosness PA, Eik-Nes KB (August 1982). "Effects in vitro of medroxyprogesterone acetate on steroid metabolizing enzymes in the rat: selective inhibition of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity".

14085:

Hiroi M, Stanczyk FZ, Goebelsmann U, Brenner PF, Lumkin ME, Mishell DR (September 1975). "Radioimmunoassay of serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) in women following oral and intravaginal administration".

4484:, while at the same time not antagonizing the transcriptional activity of normal androgens like DHT at any concentration. Thus, this may explain the low propensity of MPA for producing androgenic side effects. 11216:

Bentel JM, Birrell SN, Pickering MA, Holds DJ, Horsfall DJ, Tilley WD (August 1999). "Androgen receptor agonist activity of the synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, in human breast cancer cells".

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believe that progesterone offers fewer side effects and improved quality of life compared to MPA. The evidence for this view has been questioned; MPA is better absorbed when taken by mouth, with a much longer

21610: 6012:

The Canadian Coalition on Depo-Provera, a coalition of women's health professional and advocacy groups, opposed the approval of DMPA in Canada. Since the approval of DMPA in Canada in 1997, a $ 700 million

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The FDA recommends that DMPA not be used for longer than two years, unless there is no viable alternative method of contraception, due to concerns over bone loss. However, a 2008 Committee Opinion from the

15423: 8661: 8538: 12171:

Poulin R, Baker D, Poirier D, Labrie F (March 1989). "Androgen and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation by medroxyprogesterone acetate in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells".

10898:"HIV incidence among women using intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device, or a levonorgestrel implant for contraception: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial" 3973: 15796:

Egan TM, Siegert RJ, Fairley NA (August 1993). "Use of hormonal contraceptives in an institutional setting: reasons for use, consent and safety in women with psychiatric and intellectual disabilities".

15002:

One of these is medroxyprogesterone acetate, which is sold in the United States by Upjohn as Provest, and is obtainable abroad as Provestral, Provestrol, Cyclo-Farlutal, and the more frankly suggestive

11730:

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a depot progestogen which is entirely free of side actions. The dose required to induce secretory changes in primed endometrium is about 250 mg. per menstrual cycle.

11098:"Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on food intake, body composition, and resting energy expenditure in patients with advanced, nonhormone-sensitive cancer: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial" 1580:

because the clinical trials measured efficacy during actual use of DMPA defined as being no longer than 14 or 15 weeks after an injection (i.e., no more than 1 or 2 weeks late for a next injection).

1113:. DMPA is approved for use as a form of long-acting birth control in more than 100 countries. In 2021, it was the 238th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 14676:

Ortiz A, Hirol M, Stanczyk FZ, Goebelsmann U, Mishell DR (January 1977). "Serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentrations and ovarian function following intramuscular injection of depo-MPA".

13162:

Lundgren S, Lønning PE, Utaaker E, Aakvaag A, Kvinnsland S (June 1990). "Influence of progestins on serum hormone levels in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer--I. General findings".

6256:, but did not complete clinical development and was never approved for these indications. It was formulated as an oral medication at very high dosages, and was thought to inhibit the signaling of 1687:

Injected every 12 weeks. The only continuing action is to book subsequent follow-up injections every twelve weeks, and to monitor side effects to ensure that they do not require medical attention.

11806:

Henzl MR, Edwards JA (10 November 1999). "Pharmacology of Progestins: 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Derivatives and Progestins of the First and Second Generation". In Sitruk-Ware R, Mishell DR (eds.).

8662:"The bioidentical hormone debate: are bioidentical hormones (estradiol, estriol, and progesterone) safer or more efficacious than commonly used synthetic versions in hormone replacement therapy?" 3120:(FDA) product labels for injected MPA (Depo-Provera or Depo-SubQ Provera 104). In the FDA product label for oral MPA (Provera), it is stated that overdose of an estrogen and progestin may cause 14176:

Järvinen A, Kainulainen P, Nissilä M, Nikkanen H, Kela M (March 2004). "Pharmacokinetics of estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in different age groups of postmenopausal women".

11365:

Wikström A, Green B, Johansson ED (1984). "The plasma concentration of medroxyprogesterone acetate and ovarian function during treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate in 5 and 10 mg doses".

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Buchanan G, Birrell SN, Peters AA, Bianco-Miotto T, Ramsay K, Cops EJ, Yang M, Harris JM, Simila HA, Moore NL, Bentel JM, Ricciardelli C, Horsfall DJ, Butler LM, Tilley WD (September 2005).

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containing DMPA", a subgroup of babies whose mothers started DMPA at two days postpartum had a 75% higher incidence of doctor visits for infectious diseases during their first year of life.

205:

progesterone; MAP; Methypregnone; Metipregnone; 6α-Methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate; 6α-Methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone; 6α-Methyl-17α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione acetate; NSC-26386

15556:

Thomas DB, Ye Z, Ray RM (January 1995). "Cervical carcinoma in situ and use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives".

14863:, Spero G, "6-methyl-17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, the lower fatty acid 17-acylates and methods for producing the same", published 9 April 1968, assigned to Upjohn Company 5757:. An intramuscular formulation of MPA, now known as DMPA (400 mg/mL MPA), was also introduced, under the brand name brand name Depo-Provera, in 1960 in the U.S. for the treatment of 4607: 14323:

van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD (August 1991). "Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part II. Clinical applications of peripherally acting drugs, and conclusions".

11140:

Residues of Some Veterinary Drugs in Animals and Food: Monographs Prepared by the Sixty-second Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Rome, 4-12 February 2004

20757: 20740: 19983: 15388: 387: 20711: 11069:

Pannuti F, Martoni A, Lenaz GR, Piana E, Nanni P (April 1978). "A possible new approach to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: massive doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate".

9305:

experience showed no increase in depressive symptoms after 1 year's DMPA use and 2 years' Norplant use, even among users with the highest mean depressive symptom scores pre-therapy.

5287:

Treatment of postmenopausal women with 2.5 or 5 mg/day MPA in combination with estradiol valerate for two weeks has been found to rapidly increase circulating MPA levels, with

3599:

The mechanism of action of progestogen-only contraceptives like DMPA depends on the progestogen activity and dose. High-dose progestogen-only contraceptives, such as DMPA, inhibit

22090: 3966: 9735:

Beyer-Westendorf J, Bauersachs R, Hach-Wunderle V, Zotz RB, Rott H (October 2018). "Sex hormones and venous thromboembolism - from contraception to hormone replacement therapy".

8315:

Bigrigg A, Evans M, Gbolade B, Newton J, Pollard L, Szarewski A, Thomas C, Walling M (July 1999). "Depo Provera. Position paper on clinical use, effectiveness and side effects".

8186:

Hatcher RA (2004). "Depo-Provera Injections, Implants, and Progestin-Only Pills (Minipills)". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart F, Cates W, Stewart GK, Guest F, Kowal D (eds.).

2217:, found no change in depressive symptoms. However, some small studies have reported that progestins like MPA might counteract beneficial effects of estrogens against depression. 1283:

but is not satisfactory for this purpose as it is not able to completely suppress puberty. DMPA at high doses has been reported to be definitively effective in the treatment of

20029: 17691: 4569:

at sufficiently high doses. It has been suggested that the glucocorticoid activity of MPA may contribute to bone loss. The glucocorticoid activity of MPA may also result in an

22085: 19404: 9508:"Quality-of-life and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women after receiving hormone therapy: results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) trial" 4600: 15462: 12656: 3070:(ACOG) advises healthcare providers that concerns about bone mineral density loss should neither prevent the prescription of or continuation of DMPA beyond two years of use. 20877: 17945: 10869:

Brind J, Condly SJ, Mosher SW, Morse AR, Kimball J (2015). "Risk of HIV Infection in Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".

5280:

is approximately 100%. A single oral dose of 10 mg MPA has been found to result in peak MPA levels of 1.2 to 5.2 ng/mL within 2 hours of administration using

5128:

receptor by MPA or its metabolites is surprising in consideration of the apparent anticonvulsant and anesthetic effects of MPA described above, and they remain unexplained.

3039:

in premenopausal women and in men when used without an estrogen, particularly at high doses, though this appears to be reversible to a normal level even after years of use.

910:

InChI=InChI=1S/C24H34O4/c1-14-12-18-19(22(4)9-6-17(27)13-21(14)22)7-10-23(5)20(18)8-11-24(23,15(2)25)28-16(3)26/h13-14,18-20H,6-12H2,1-5H3/t14-,18+,19-,20-,22+,23-,24-/m0/s1

7031: 4458:

MPA is a potent full agonist of the AR. Its activation of the AR may play an important and major role in its antigonadotropic effects and in its beneficial effects against

19918: 19567: 16355: 8603: 3959: 15230: 12467:

Kirschner MA, Schneider G (February 1972). "Suppression of the pituitary-Leydig cell axis and sebum production in normal men by medroxyprogesterone acetate (provera)".

21532: 17935: 12545:

Meriggiola MC, Gava G (November 2015). "Endocrine care of transpeople part II. A review of cross-sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen".

15333: 20745: 20543: 20165: 20075: 7378: 18259: 15591:"Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and risk of invasive squamous cell cervical cancer. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives". 8718: 20694: 20682: 20485: 20143: 20070: 15101:

Upjohn meanwhile, had been repeatedly seeking FDA approval for use of DMPA as a contraceptive, but applications were rejected in 1967, 1978 and yet again in 1983,

6113:

Cervical cancer in Upjohn/NCI studies. Cervical cancer was found to be increased as high as 9-fold in the first human studies recorded by the manufacturer and the

13042:

Richman RA, Underwood LE, French FS, Van Wyk JJ (December 1971). "Adverse effects of large doses of medroxyprogesterone (MPA) in idiopathic isosexual precocity".

7763: 21049: 20899: 20774: 20369: 20237: 15415: 9596:"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial" 8700: 8534: 13337:

Ishida Y, Ishida Y, Heersche JN (August 2002). "Pharmacologic doses of medroxyprogesterone may cause bone loss through glucocorticoid activity: an hypothesis".

23228: 23198: 21935: 20706: 20665: 20138: 20126: 17633: 13474:"Purification and properties of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from rat brain cytosol. Inhibition by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and progestins" 13233:

Tomić R, Ljungberg B, Damber JE (1988). "Hormonal effects of high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment in males with renal or prostatic adenocarcinoma".

23158: 23153: 9365:

Westhoff C (August 2003). "Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate injection (Depo-Provera): a highly effective contraceptive option with proven long-term safety".

7833:

Westhoff C (August 2003). "Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate injection (Depo-Provera): a highly effective contraceptive option with proven long-term safety".

5172:-related mechanisms are all thought to possibly be involved, and a number of downstream changes have been implicated, including stimulation of the release of 21795: 20931: 20582: 20497: 20225: 20012: 10681: 1799: 322: 11441:

Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmann R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppe KW, Thijssen JH (December 2003). "Classification and pharmacology of progestins".

9689:, Beverly K, Connelly MT, Andrade S, Hartsfield CL, Wei F, Chan KA, Kessler L (November 2004). "Hormone therapy prescribing patterns in the United States". 6574: 5400:) has been observed to occur in non-human primate research to a substantial extent as well (30 to 70%). MPA and/or its metabolites are also metabolized via 20786: 20058: 13705:

Söderpalm AH, Lindsey S, Purdy RH, Hauger R, Wit de H (April 2004). "Administration of progesterone produces mild sedative-like effects in men and women".

5292:

over, and with 5 mg/day MPA, levels were 0.6 ng/mL (1.6 nmol/L) in women under 60 years of age and in women 65 years of age or over. Hence,

3067: 10990:

Pardthaisong T, Yenchit C, Gray R (April 1992). "The long-term growth and development of children exposed to Depo-Provera during pregnancy or lactation".

6164:

in women at a dose of 50 mg once a month but produced poor cycle control and was not marketed for this use at this dosage. A combination of DMPA and

21765: 20882: 11265:

Pullen MA, Laping N, Edwards R, Bray J (September 2006). "Determination of conformational changes in the progesterone receptor using ELISA-like assays".

6331: 6144:

The Alan Guttmacher Institute has speculated that United States approval of DMPA may increase its availability and acceptability in developing countries.

5922: 5895:

MPA is marketed under a large number of brand names throughout the world. Its most major brand names are Provera as oral tablets and Depo-Provera as an

22903: 21416: 20560: 15515: 14211: 7032:

Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (World Health Organization), World Health Organization (2002).

6699:

Stanczyk FZ, Bhavnani BR (September 2015). "Reprint of "Use of medroxyprogesterone acetate for hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: Is it safe?"".

6191:

High-dose oral and intramuscular MPA monotherapy has been studied in the treatment of prostate cancer but was found to be inferior to monotherapy with

5298: 9092: 5776:

Following its development in the late 1950s, DMPA was first assessed in clinical trials for use as an injectable contraceptive in 1963. Upjohn sought

19381: 15231:

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2007).

11967:

Becker H, Düsterberg B, Klosterhalfen H (1980). "" [Bioavailability of Cyproterone Acetate after Oral and Intramuscular Application in Men].

11177:"Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: distinct mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and dihydrotestosterone" 10947:

Dahlberg K (February 1982). "Some effects of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA): observations in the nursing infant and in the long-term user".

10700: 10268: 10074:

Scarabin PY (August 2018). "Progestogens and venous thromboembolism in menopausal women: an updated oral versus transdermal estrogen meta-analysis".

8981: 8928: 3108:

MPA has been studied at "massive" dosages of up to 5,000 mg per day orally and 2,000 mg per day via intramuscular injection, without major

17: 22396: 18065: 5103:

receptor, although notably not at the neurosteroid binding site. However, rather than act as a potentiator of the receptor, MPA appears to act as a

23188: 21489: 19911: 12002:

Moltz L, Haase F, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J (May 1983). "" [Efficacy of Intra muscularly Applied Cyproterone Acetate in Hyperandrogenism].

7059: 6528:

Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmann R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppe KW, Thijssen JH (2008). "Classification and pharmacology of progestins".

6316: 1844: 15949: 5793:

MPA has also been marketed widely throughout the world under numerous other brand names such as Farlutal, Perlutex, and Gestapuran, among others.

21900: 17184: 16348: 14898:

Hartmann KE, Jerome RN, Lindegren ML, Potter SA, Shields TC, Surawicz TS, Andrews JC (2013). "Labeled Indications for Drugs Included in Review".

13381: 13007:

Correa de Oliveira RF, Novaes LP, Lima MB, Rodrigues J, Franco S, Khenaifes AI, Francalanci CP (December 1975). "A new treatment for hirsutism".

10512:

Cundy T, Cornish J, Roberts H, Reid IR (May 2002). "Menopausal bone loss in long-term users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception".

7570:

Vanderstappen D, Bonte J (1992). "New trends in the use of medroxyprogesterone acetate as a chemotherapeutic agent in gynecologic malignancies".

6472: 6326: 1852: 21715: 13763:

McAuley JW, Kroboth PD, Stiff DD, Reynolds IJ (May 1993). "Modulation of flunitrazepam binding by natural and synthetic progestational agents".

12862:"Decreased androgen receptor levels and receptor function in breast cancer contribute to the failure of response to medroxyprogesterone acetate" 8345:"Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and risk of endometrial cancer. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives". 21525: 21494: 21441: 21331: 21009: 18953: 18943: 17332: 14047:

Victor A, Johansson ED (September 1976). "Pharmacokinetic observations on medroxyprogesterone acetate administered orally and intravaginally".

10549:"Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use after peak bone mass is associated with increased bone turnover but no decrease in bone mineral density" 9322:

Worly BL, Gur TL, Schaffir J (February 2018). "The relationship between progestin hormonal contraception and depression: a systematic review".

8967: 14536:

Antal EJ, Dick CF, Wright III CE, Welshman IR, Block EM (1989). "Comparative bioavailability of two medroxyprogesterone acetate suspensions".

6763: 21336: 21321: 19386: 16961: 14774: 11532:

Rivera R, Yacobson I, Grimes D (November 1999). "The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices".

4518:. At a dosage of 10 mg/day oral MPA, it has been found to decrease circulating SHBG levels by 14–18% in women taking 4 mg/day oral 1405: 210: 21002: 7395: 5372:

of MPA via oral administration has been reported as both 11.6 to 16.6 hours and 33 hours, whereas the elimination half-lives with

19427: 19422: 19207: 18983: 18973: 17493: 15739: 15392: 13898:

Neubauer H, Ma Q, Zhou J, Yu Q, Ruan X, Seeger H, Fehm T, Mueck AO (October 2013). "Possible role of PGRMC1 in breast cancer development".

7276: 882: 6021:. In response, Pfizer argued that it had met its obligation to disclose and discuss the risks of DMPA with the Canadian medical community. 4401:(SHBG). There is evidence that the suppressive effects of MPA on the HPG axis are mediated by activation of both the PR and the AR in the 22963: 22958: 22948: 22943: 22938: 22933: 22928: 22898: 22893: 22888: 22834: 22814: 22794: 22789: 22784: 22759: 22669: 22664: 22659: 22649: 21396: 21391: 21386: 19904: 19726: 19661: 19656: 19606: 19437: 19351: 18963: 15480: 11114: 11097: 9124:

Amatayakul K, Sivasomboon B, Thanangkul O (September 1978). "Vitamin and trace mineral metabolism in medroxyprogesterone acetate users".

9032: 8560: 6902: 5769:

was introduced in 1964 by Upjohn in the U.S. under the brand name Provest (10 mg MPA and 50 μg ethinylestradiol tablets) as an

4970: 4370: 4366: 15362: 14244:

Sutton FD, Zwillich CW, Creagh CE, Pierson DJ, Weil JV (October 1975). "Progesterone for outpatient treatment of Pickwickian syndrome".

13881: 12952: 12918: 11351: 9071: 8413:

Bartz D, Goldberg AB (2011). "Injectable contraceptives". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W Jr, Kowal D, Policar MS (eds.).

7478: 23089: 22774: 22707: 21356: 21244: 21231: 21066: 20264: 19721: 19596: 19547: 19371: 19356: 19287: 18998: 18908: 17626: 16813: 16341: 12281: 11154: 10232: 6147:

In 1995, several women's health groups asked the FDA to put a moratorium on DMPA, and to institute standardized informed consent forms.

5236: 927: 2093:, increased facial hair, decreased scalp hair, difficulty falling or remaining asleep, stomach pain, and weight loss or gain. Lowered 23168: 22844: 21518: 21316: 21311: 19880: 19187: 19182: 19172: 19013: 18843: 17365: 16913: 14976:. Population Information Program, Science Communication Division, Dept. of Medical and Public Affairs, George Washington University. 14001:

Stanczyk FZ, Bhavnani BR (July 2014). "Use of medroxyprogesterone acetate for hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: is it safe?".

8126:"Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth" 7424: 6161: 2097:

has been reported as a side effect of MPA in women. DMPA can affect menstrual bleeding. After a year of use, 55% of women experience

1126: 20213: 15446: 10028:

Rott H (February 2019). "Birth Control Pills and Thrombotic Risks: Differences of Contraception Methods with and without Estrogen".

8985: 7877:

Trussell J (2004). "Contraceptive Efficacy". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart FH, Nelson AL, Cates Jr W, Guest F, Kowal D (eds.).

2120:(particularly of the face). Adverse effects peak at five weeks, and are reduced with lower doses. Less frequent effects may include 20102: 19716: 19537: 18888: 14788:

Ademuyiwa FO, Miller KD (December 2008). "Incorporation of antiangiogenic therapies in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer".

12667: 12066:"Pharmacokinetics of megestrol acetate in women receiving IM injection of estradiol-megestrol long-acting injectable contraceptive" 1815: 20616: 20519: 20427: 20415: 19995: 8164: 7081: 5961:

Aqueous suspension for intramuscular injection: estradiol cypionate and MPA (Lunelle) – 5 mg / 25 mg (for contraception)

22754: 20473: 20313: 19885: 18365: 16072:"The palliative therapy of advanced prostate cancer, with particular reference to the results of recent European clinical trials" 10845: 15305: 8626: 7956:

Trussell J, Hatcher RA, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kost K (September 1990). "A guide to interpreting contraceptive efficacy studies".

5710: 23193: 20325: 18878: 14571:

Ishihara M, Kirdani Y, Osawa Y, Sandberg AA (January 1976). "The metabolic fate of medroxyprogesterone acetate in the baboon".

10429:"Change in bone mineral density among adolescent women using and discontinuing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception" 8094: 5899:

for intramuscular injection. A formulation of MPA as an aqueous suspension for subcutaneous injection is also available in the

4962: 14844:, "Procédé de préparation de dérivés cyclopentano-phénanthréniques", published 8 June 1962, assigned to Syntex SA 8592: 5938:

Aqueous suspension for intramuscular injection: Depo-Provera – 150 mg/mL (for contraception), 400 mg/mL (for cancer)

3050:

on the label, indicating that there were potential adverse effects of loss of bone mineral density. While it causes temporary

2960:

recipients, which were about half of patients. "Global index" is defined for each woman as the time to earliest diagnosis for

23099: 23094: 19875: 18827: 17619: 17385: 16880: 16122: 16013: 15932: 15269: 15242: 15212: 15151: 15124: 15075: 15043: 14951: 14768: 14660: 14620: 13875: 13844: 13817: 12946: 12912: 12384: 12315: 12275: 12152: 12125: 12098: 12048: 11951: 11844: 11817: 11753: 11696: 11659: 11632: 11605: 11578: 11488: 11422: 11345: 11148: 9594:, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J (July 2002). 9490: 9463: 9270: 9211: 9065: 9028: 8907: 8880: 8853: 8820: 8422: 7983:

Trussell J (1994). "Contraceptive Failure Rates". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar MS (eds.).

7785:

Bakry S, Merhi ZO, Scalise TJ, Mahmoud MS, Fadiel A, Naftolin F (July 2008). "Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate: an update".

7742: 7714: 7684: 7651: 7472: 7167: 7143: 7043: 7016: 6930: 6896: 6866: 6321: 5243:

acts neutrally. It is unclear if these findings may explain the different risks of breast cancer observed with progesterone,

1848: 1106: 17960: 13809:

Neuroactive Steroids in Brain Function, Behavior and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Novel Strategies for Research and Treatment

13515:"Medroxyprogesterone acetate antagonizes the effects of estrogen treatment on social and sexual behavior in female macaques" 8450:

Borgatta L, Murthy A, Chuang C, Beardsley L, Burnhill MS (September 2002). "Pregnancies diagnosed during Depo-Provera use".

21705: 19870: 17866: 17530: 17238: 16923: 16918: 6099:

DMPA caused endometrial cancer in monkeys – 2 of 12 monkeys tested, the first ever recorded cases of endometrial cancer in

3697: 3683: 1835:. The two medications have not been adequately compared in direct tests to clear conclusions about safety and superiority. 1795: 1911:

MPA is not usually recommended because of unacceptable health risk or because it is not indicated in the following cases:

23223: 18215: 17208: 17177: 15168: 8749: 7345: 6249: 5867: 5293: 1329:

shortly after starting the medication but is not usually serious enough to require medical intervention. With longer use

15706:

Kaunitz AM (May 1996). "Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception and the risk of breast and gynecologic cancer".

14977: 13323: 10729: 7733:

Trussell J (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar MS (eds.).

7346:"The use of medroxyprogesterone acetate for the treatment of sexually inappropriate behaviour in patients with dementia" 6141:

evidence which the FDA had deemed insufficient and too poorly designed for assessment of cancer risk at a prior hearing.

22181: 18622: 18617: 16205:

Srinivasan R, Lichtenstein GR (April 2004). "Recent developments in the pharmacological treatment of Crohn's disease".

11782: 8055: 7759: 7492:

Ganzina F (October 1979). "High-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment in advanced breast cancer. A review".

6137: 3572:

potency in comparison. As such, unlike MPA, medroxyprogesterone is not used clinically, though it has seen some use in

3152:. According to the label, treatment of overdose should consist of discontinuation of MPA therapy and symptomatic care. 18055: 14711:

Fotherby K, Koetsawang S, Mathrubutham M (November 1980). "Pharmacokinetic study of different doses of Depo Provera".

10631:"Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence" 6097:

progesterone level for dogs. This is lower than the pregnancy level of progesterone for dogs, and is species-specific.

4934: 4872: 21890: 21146: 18284: 17861: 17342: 16954: 16046: 15363:"Canadian Coalition on Depo-Provera letter to The Honorable Benoit Bouchard, National Minister of Health and Welfare" 11723: 11513: 8961: 8397: 8250: 8225: 8195: 8035: 8000: 7886: 6961: 6181: 6117:. However, numerous larger subsequent studies have shown that DMPA use does not increase the risk of cervical cancer. 6029: 5814: 5083:, and has also been reported to induce anesthesia in animals, raising the possibility that it might modulate the GABA 1896: 1576:

first-year failure rate for DMPA as the average of failure rates in seven clinical trials at 0.3%. It was considered

902: 166: 21710: 21081: 19067: 17525: 12336:

Lothstein LM (1996). "Antiandrogen treatment for sexual disorders: Guidelines for establishing a standard of care".

7535:

Kjaer M (September 1988). "The role of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of renal adenocarcinoma".

6922:

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development: Chapter 12. Hormone replacement therapy

22456: 21645: 19466: 18371: 18334: 18164: 18129: 17327: 16897: 15310: 13663:"Medroxyprogesterone acetate and dexamethasone are competitive inhibitors of different human steroidogenic enzymes" 11775:

Pharmacology of the Endocrine System and Related Drugs: Progesterone, Progestational Drugs and Antifertility Agents

10685: 5941:

Aqueous suspension for subcutaneous injection: Depo-SubQ Provera 104 – 104 mg/0.65 mL (for contraception)

5721:

with two orders of magnitude greater potency in comparison to MPA, was investigated for the potential treatment of

4981:

women at high dosages, and inhibition of 3β-HSD II could be responsible for its effectiveness in these conditions.

3023:

reported that MPA was associated with a 2.8-fold higher risk of VTE than other progestins. It is possible that the

2290: 22391: 22055: 21401: 20388: 18060: 14270:

The sublingual route was chosen to avoid any irregular absorption that might result from simultaneous food intake.

9835:"Assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic events in women taking progestin-only contraception: a meta-analysis" 6585: 1197:(the progestogen hormone made by the human body) could not be taken orally for many decades before the process of 23233: 18289: 17585: 17228: 16765: 12644:(2nd ed.). University of California, San Francisco: Center of Excellence for Transgender Health. p. 28. 10587: 10182: 5640: 5357: 5288: 5075:

via this action in animals when administered at sufficiently high dosages. MPA was found to significantly reduce

4816: 4645: 4570: 4374: 3260:

of MPA in activating the PR and the AR have been reported to be at least equivalent to those of progesterone and

2179:

exposed to progestogens have demonstrated higher rates of genital abnormalities, low birth weight, and increased

1777: 1776:. Additionally, unlike most other hormonal contraceptives, DMPA's contraceptive effectiveness is not affected by 549: 372: 22186: 21590: 8766:

Boothby LA, Doering PL (August 2008). "Bioidentical hormone therapy: a panacea that lacks supportive evidence".

4421:

in men. In addition, since the medication suppresses estrogen levels as well, MPA can produce strong functional

23104: 22977: 21930: 17819: 17357: 17170: 16928: 16498: 5048: 4859: 3608: 1803: 1488: 1110: 19057: 6651: 6615: 620: 22987: 17347: 17136: 15204:

Contraceptive Choices and Realities: Proceedings of the 5th Congress of the European Society of Contraception

14879:

Green W (1987). "Odyssey of Depo-Provera: Contraceptives, Carcinogenic Drugs, and Risk-Management Analyses".

9286:

Kaunitz AM (1999). "Long-acting hormonal contraception: assessing impact on bone density, weight, and mood".

5854: 5104: 5025: 4900: 17726: 17706: 15503: 14284:"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Gender-Affirming Therapy for Transwomen: Results From a Retrospective Study" 14219: 10629:

Polis CB, Phillips SJ, Curtis KM, Westreich DJ, Steyn PS, Raymond E, Hannaford P, Turner AN (October 2014).

6937:

medroxyprogesterone acetate, also known as Provera (discovered simultaneously by Searle and Upjohn in 1956)

4510:, DMPA every other week may decrease levels of HDL cholesterol. In addition, MPA has been found to suppress 23178: 23084: 22411: 22293: 22060: 21960: 21925: 21484: 19865: 19835: 19400: 18694: 18082: 16947: 16493: 10701:"2014 Guidance Statement: Hormonal contraceptive methods for women at high risk of HIV and living with HIV" 10276: 10237: 10228: 9099: 8388:

Santen RJ (2004). "Endocrinology of Breast and Endometrial Cancer". In Strauss III JF, Barbieri RL (eds.).

8063: 8051: 6050: 5777: 5353: 5316: 4511: 4446: 4426: 4410: 4398: 4085: 3616: 3117: 3043: 2278: 2226: 2141: 1615: 1233: 1202: 790: 671: 21660: 18555: 17908: 17721: 10745:"Hormonal contraceptive use and women's risk of HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of observational studies" 10707: 8923: 7082:"Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control" 1552:

as a long-lasting progestogen-only injectable contraceptive to prevent pregnancy in women. It is given by

23213: 22519: 22461: 21920: 21800: 18134: 17736: 17101: 16488: 16463: 15824:

Singh S (May 1995). "Adolescent knowledge and use of injectable contraceptives in developing countries".

9203:

Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions

6366:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)" 6265: 6241: 6120:

Coercion and lack of informed consent. Testing or use of DMPA was focused almost exclusively on women in

6009:

DMPA. In 2016, India introduced DMPA depo-medroxyprogesterone IM preparation in the public health system.

5686: 5205: 5060: 4969:(CYP17A1), were not found to be inhibited by MPA. MPA has been found to be effective in the treatment of 4820: 4390: 4063: 1736: 1346: 1105:

MPA was discovered in 1956 and was introduced for medical use in the United States in 1959. It is on the

751: 22734: 22729: 19968: 18757: 18752: 18560: 17317: 15099:. Library and Documentation Centre, All India Association for Christian Higher Education. January 1998. 12778:"Physical, metabolic, and hormonal effects on men of long-term therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate" 10630: 9887:"Venous Thromboembolism Among Women Initiating Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Immediately Postpartum" 6199:. High-dose oral MPA has been studied in combination with diethylstilbestrol and CEEs as an addition to 23173: 23123: 22176: 20398: 18294: 17913: 17552: 17517: 17465: 12817:

Birrell SN, Hall RE, Tilley WD (January 1998). "Role of the androgen receptor in human breast cancer".

6300: 6233: 5823: 5632: 5448: 5440: 5428: 5401: 3946:

dosage. ODP = oral dosage in commercial contraceptive preparations. ECD = estimated comparable dosage.

3518: 3333: 3245: 2282: 2214: 1342: 1264: 1138: 973: 533: 480: 23028: 21725: 21620: 21615: 21605: 21086: 19062: 14860: 14841: 10795:"Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition: an individual participant data meta-analysis" 9595: 6136:

WHO Review – In 1992, the WHO presented a review of DMPA in four developing countries to the FDA. The

5664: 4593:. The relative glucocorticoid activity of MPA is among the highest of the clinically used progestins. 3660:

is negligible. No available data support prevention of implantation as a mechanism of action of DMPA.

2323:

Results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) menopausal hormone therapy randomized controlled trials

740: 22451: 22145: 21770: 18124: 17851: 17797: 17430: 17375: 17078: 16410: 12295: 10264: 8949: 8945: 6977: 6365: 6222: 6114: 5660: 5416: 5305: 5240: 5185: 4993: 4855: 4824: 4792: 4274: 4171: 3827: 3713: 3581: 3557: 3346: 3055: 2865: 1318: 1194: 1001: 981: 279: 31: 23013: 23008: 21730: 21665: 21580: 21575: 21291: 17903: 14413:

Sang GW (April 1994). "Pharmacodynamic effects of once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives".

11860:

Sang GW (April 1994). "Pharmacodynamic effects of once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives".

10588:

American College of Obstetricians Gynecologists Committee on Gynecologic Practice (September 2008).

6276:. The formulation of MPA had the tentative brand names Colirest and Hematrol for these indications. 5331:

of MPA crystals significantly influences its rate of absorption into the body from the local tissue

5005: 5001: 23203: 22639: 22406: 22326: 22282: 20046: 19978: 19963: 18714: 18683: 18403: 18344: 18077: 17855: 17731: 17681: 17283: 16663: 16376: 16364: 16114:

Textbook of Prostate Cancer: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment

15996:

Piotrowski Z, Greenberg RE (2016). "Antiandrogen Monotherapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer".

14453:

Garza-Flores J, Hall PE, Perez-Palacios G (1991). "Long-acting hormonal contraceptives for women".

14378: 12663: 10846:"CEU Statement: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera) and risk of HIV acquisition" 6759: 6257: 5189: 4481: 4433:

in women. Due to low estrogen levels, the use of MPA without an estrogen poses a risk of decreased

4149: 2341: 1992: 1978: 1272: 1248: 1063: 767: 299: 220: 21720: 21585: 19052: 18787: 18767: 16302:

Simpson BS, Papich MG (March 2003). "Pharmacologic management in veterinary behavioral medicine".

16248:

Saxena A, Scaini G, Bavaresco DV, Leite C, Valvassori SS, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J (November 2017).

14758: 10203: 9201: 6854: 6040:"if there is the slightest doubt that they have not understood the implications of the treatment". 23163: 22401: 22201: 22045: 22000: 21875: 21499: 20992: 20798: 20548: 20189: 20177: 19938: 19927: 19583: 18510: 18072: 17972: 17445: 16885: 15234:

Combined Estrogen-progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-progestogen Menopausal Therapy

12639:"Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People" 8269:

Kaunitz AM (December 2001). "Current options for injectable contraception in the United States".

7426:

Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) (NDA # 012541) - Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products

7399: 7266: 6185: 6165: 5583: 5563: 5373: 4833: 4653: 4488: 4253: 3549: 3505: 3321: 3237: 3226: 1872: 1828: 1718: 1553: 1395: 1162: 1005: 283: 268: 188: 18254: 15747: 12638: 9662: 9645: 5468:

10–92 pg/mL after several years of use), rising once MPA levels fall below 0.5 ng/mL.

1914:

Conditions where the theoretical or proven risks usually outweigh the advantages of using DMPA:

1875:, and as a 104 mg (0.65 mL of 160 mg/mL) microcrystalline aqueous suspension for 23018: 22421: 22322: 21995: 21790: 21750: 21600: 21595: 21022:

Others/atypical (other expanded steroid ring systems, homosteroids, and non-pregnane steroids):

20938: 20911: 20643: 20342: 19990: 19575: 18710: 18349: 18220: 18092: 17940: 17809: 17758: 17455: 17308: 17272: 17111: 16658: 16518: 16448: 14941: 14610: 12065: 7641: 6177: 5841: 5718: 5636: 5603: 5490: 5377: 5345: 4912:, respectively. MPA has been described as very potent in its inhibition of rat 3α-HSD, with an 4865: 4586: 4257: 4019: 3593: 3488: 3008: 2961: 2537: 2453: 2270: 2102: 2008: 1922: 1884: 1876: 1732: 1557: 1549: 1538:

For those intending to start family, suggest switch 6 months prior to alternative method (e.g.

1338: 1174: 1173:. In addition to contraception and menopausal hormone therapy, MPA is used in the treatment of 1009: 445: 315: 287: 19047: 16112: 15886:

Toppozada M (June 1977). "The clinical use of monthly injectable contraceptive preparations".

15476: 15259: 15232: 15141: 15114: 15065: 15033: 14924: 13865: 13834: 13807: 12936: 12902: 12741:

Onu PE (1995). "Depot medroxyprogesterone in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia".

12374: 12142: 12115: 12088: 12038: 11743: 11676: 11649: 11622: 11595: 11568: 11412: 11335: 11096:

Simons JP, Schols AM, Hoefnagels JM, Westerterp KR, ten Velde GP, Wouters EF (February 1998).

9480: 9453: 9260: 9024: 8897: 8870: 8843: 8567: 8027: 7458: 7006: 6886: 2285:, resulting in a dramatic decrease in both new and renewal prescriptions for hormone therapy. 23218: 22226: 22030: 21915: 21785: 21552: 21541: 21096: 21091: 20980: 20867: 20810: 20735: 20628: 20531: 20449: 19107: 18595: 18445: 18339: 18004: 17686: 17407: 17370: 17264: 16841: 16528: 16458: 16391: 15366: 15202: 14640: 14232:

When needed, tablets may be administered sublingually†; absorption is adequate by this route.

13382:"Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration" 12265: 12217:"Demonstration of progesterone receptor-mediated gonadotrophin suppression in the human male" 11931: 11138: 9547:

Wiegratz I, Kuhl H (August 2004). "Progestogen therapies: differences in clinical effects?".

9055: 7704: 7133: 7033: 6473:"Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration" 6169: 5913:

and estradiol cypionate is approved for use as a form of birth control in 18 countries.

5832: 5754: 5690: 5369: 5309: 5079:

incidence when added to existing anticonvulsant regimens in 11 of 14 women with uncontrolled

4566: 4558: 3849: 3565: 3545: 3466: 3458: 3368: 3285: 3253: 3218: 2368: 2337: 1823:

leading to more stable blood levels though it may lead to greater breast tenderness and more

1820: 1707: 1691: 1539: 1169:

that would otherwise be induced by prolonged unopposed estrogen therapy in women with intact

1071: 1020: 993: 720: 611: 19973: 12598:"Long-term treatment of transsexuals with cross-sex hormones: extensive personal experience" 10242: 6920: 5415:

of MPA make it more resistant to metabolism and allow for greater bioavailability than oral

57: 40: 22604: 22558: 22540: 22515: 22372: 22318: 22303: 22278: 22110: 21985: 21885: 21830: 21216: 20587: 20461: 20337: 20276: 19267: 18735: 18706: 18679: 18545: 18433: 18242: 18210: 18176: 17814: 17785: 17435: 17011: 16698: 16560: 16513: 16483: 9411:

Westhoff C, Truman C, Kalmuss D, Cushman L, Davidson A, Rulin M, Heartwell S (April 1998).

7189: 6121: 6014: 5624: 4434: 4041: 3193: 2922: 2374: 2346: 2112:

At high doses for the treatment of breast cancer, MPA can cause weight gain and can worsen

2027: 2023: 1928: 1880: 1695: 1193:. Along with other progestins, MPA was developed to allow for oral progestogen therapy, as 953: 680: 488: 17898: 10233:"Black Box Warning Added Concerning Long-Term Use of Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection" 8600:

New GMS Contract Quality and Outcome Framework - Implementation Dataset and Business Rules

7992: 5505:. Because of its steady blood levels over the long term and multiple effects that prevent 4909: 2261:

When combined with CEEs, MPA has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer,

1802:

guidelines. Giving advice on these methods of contraception has been included in the 2009

660: 8: 22258: 22125: 22105: 22100: 21950: 21850: 21840: 21810: 21745: 21326: 21211: 21116: 21106: 20638: 20376: 20201: 19790: 19785: 19517: 19477: 19322: 19242: 19142: 19132: 19077: 18657: 18193: 17950: 17804: 17701: 17560: 17535: 17337: 17249: 16849: 16643: 16575: 16565: 16473: 16468: 11504:

Loose DS, Stancel GM (2006). "Estrogens and Progestins". In Loose DS, Stancel GM (eds.).

8992: 7301:

Panay N, Fenton A (February 2010). "Bioidentical hormones: what is all the hype about?".

6269: 6207:

in men, but was not found to provide better effectiveness than diethylstilbestrol alone.

6192: 5706: 5694: 5675: 5656: 5539: 5460: 5397: 5380:

of microcrystalline MPA in aqueous suspension are 50 and 40 days, respectively. The

5349: 5277: 5193: 5153: 5068: 4888: 4534: 4530: 4499: 4477: 4438: 3871: 3729: 3657: 3620: 3573: 3561: 3390: 3261: 3173: 3149: 3016: 2946: 2813: 2787: 2431: 2400: 2157: 2031: 1988: 1892: 1858: 1787: 1780: 1669: 1213: 1146: 997: 961: 794: 771: 566: 275: 16161: 16029:

Forster TH, Stoffel F, Gasser TC (2002). "Hormone therapy in advanced prostate cancer".

12968:"Medroxyprogesterone acetate for the evaluation of hypertestosteronism in hirsute women" 10647: 10315: 9913: 9886: 9335: 7924: 1341:

which is a major source of dissatisfaction, though both can result in improvements with

575: 23208: 23183: 22804: 22744: 22724: 22574: 22554: 22471: 22065: 22010: 21975: 21865: 21820: 21760: 21544: 21436: 21306: 21278: 21141: 20723: 20259: 19930: 18627: 18490: 18450: 18428: 18361: 18264: 18237: 18205: 18038: 17928: 17780: 17645: 17540: 17460: 17213: 17093: 17053: 16831: 16478: 16453: 16274: 16249: 16230: 16088: 16071: 16005: 15688: 14478: 14348: 14111: 14026: 13967: 13942: 13923: 13788: 13730: 13634: 13609:

Mellon SH, Griffin LD (2002). "Neurosteroids: biochemistry and clinical significance".

13588: 13539: 13514: 13408: 13362: 13294: 13269: 13144: 12842: 12718: 12693: 12578: 12527: 12246: 12197: 11895:

Toppozada MK (April 1994). "Existing once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives".

11390: 11290: 11242: 10972: 10924: 10897: 10821: 10794: 10769: 10744: 10494: 10363: 10338: 10145: 10099: 10053: 10010: 9967: 9859: 9834: 9810: 9760: 9714: 9702: 9626: 9572: 9347: 8791: 8692: 8516: 8370: 8294: 8148: 7933: 7908: 7810: 7622: 7517: 7365: 7326: 7240: 7215: 7104: 7053: 6724: 6503: 6253: 6245: 6211: 6200: 6196: 5982: 5896: 5770: 5758: 5682: 5646: 5607: 5587: 5567: 5543: 5324: 5217: 5197: 5149: 4519: 4496: 4414: 3624: 3607:

as their primary mechanism of action. The progestogen decreases the pulse frequency of

3585: 3553: 3257: 3012: 2981: 2969: 2621: 2509: 2255: 2239: 1888: 1868: 1832: 1725: 1699: 1307: 1280: 1252: 1178: 1166: 1060: 502: 242: 21286: 20024: 17223: 16315: 15837: 13718: 13622: 13490: 13473: 13055: 12984: 12967: 12794: 12777: 11545: 11230: 10914: 10852: 10760: 9785:

DeLoughery TG (June 2011). "Estrogen and thrombosis: controversies and common sense".

9429: 9412: 9378: 9137: 8463: 8125: 8022:. In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart F, Cates W, Stewart GK, Guest F, Kowal D (eds.). 7846: 6307:

male cats. The medication can be administered in cats as an injection once per month.

2160:. At extremely high doses (used to treat cancer, not for contraception) MPA may cause 22466: 22075: 22020: 21970: 21685: 21186: 21171: 20114: 20092: 19896: 19641: 19257: 19217: 19082: 18858: 18777: 18580: 18485: 18304: 18021: 17883: 17792: 17775: 17743: 17696: 17653: 17642: 17565: 17028: 16523: 16508: 16319: 16279: 16222: 16165: 16118: 16093: 16052: 16042: 16009: 15961: 15928: 15903: 15899: 15868: 15841: 15806: 15778: 15715: 15680: 15644: 15640: 15608: 15604: 15573: 15569: 15538: 15454: 15319: 15265: 15238: 15208: 15169:"§43.6. Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to certain sex offenders" 15147: 15120: 15071: 15039: 14947: 14905: 14805: 14764: 14728: 14724: 14693: 14656: 14616: 14588: 14584: 14553: 14549: 14518: 14514: 14470: 14466: 14430: 14426: 14390: 14340: 14336: 14305: 14261: 14193: 14147: 14143: 14103: 14099: 14064: 14060: 14018: 13972: 13915: 13871: 13840: 13813: 13780: 13776: 13722: 13684: 13626: 13580: 13544: 13495: 13449: 13445: 13400: 13354: 13299: 13250: 13215: 13211: 13179: 13175: 13136: 13132: 13097: 13059: 13024: 12989: 12942: 12908: 12883: 12834: 12799: 12758: 12723: 12619: 12570: 12531: 12519: 12484: 12449: 12413: 12380: 12353: 12311: 12271: 12238: 12233: 12216: 12189: 12148: 12121: 12094: 12044: 12019: 11984: 11947: 11912: 11908: 11877: 11873: 11840: 11813: 11788: 11778: 11749: 11719: 11692: 11655: 11628: 11601: 11574: 11549: 11509: 11484: 11458: 11418: 11382: 11341: 11282: 11234: 11198: 11144: 11119: 11078: 11051: 11007: 11003: 10964: 10960: 10929: 10878: 10826: 10774: 10662: 10611: 10570: 10565: 10548: 10529: 10486: 10482: 10450: 10409: 10404: 10388:"Injectable hormone contraception and bone density: results from a prospective study" 10387: 10368: 10319: 10137: 10091: 10045: 10002: 9998: 9959: 9954: 9937: 9918: 9864: 9802: 9752: 9706: 9686: 9667: 9618: 9564: 9529: 9486: 9459: 9434: 9382: 9339: 9295: 9266: 9236: 9207: 9179: 9162:

Nelson AL (2014). "DMPA: battered and bruised but still needed and used in the USA".

9141: 9061: 8957: 8903: 8876: 8849: 8783: 8741: 8684: 8508: 8503: 8486: 8467: 8428: 8418: 8393: 8374: 8362: 8324: 8286: 8246: 8221: 8191: 8156: 8031: 8018: 7996: 7965: 7938: 7882: 7850: 7802: 7748: 7738: 7710: 7680: 7647: 7614: 7579: 7552: 7548: 7509: 7468: 7370: 7318: 7245: 7139: 7096: 7039: 7012: 6957: 6926: 6892: 6862: 6716: 6545: 6495: 6237: 6130: 5698: 5628: 5235:, an action that is independent of the classical PRs and is instead mediated via the 5145: 5091: 4880: 4812: 4636: 4574: 4526: 4492: 4127: 3913: 3639: 3632: 3492: 3479: 3432: 3309: 3297: 3249: 3241: 3222: 3189: 3181: 3145: 3129: 2977: 2938: 2839: 2593: 2441: 2410: 2235: 2197: 2193: 2180: 2165: 2113: 1937: 1932: 1861: 1740: 1664:

failure rates for the other two then newly available long-acting contraceptives, the

1295: 1268: 1075: 1044: 399: 307: 234: 16333: 16234: 15692: 15416:"Israeli minister appointing team to probe Ethiopian birth control shot controversy" 14760:

The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies

14482: 14352: 14189: 14115: 14030: 13927: 13792: 13734: 13638: 13412: 13366: 12846: 12657:"Endocrine Therapy for Transgender Adults in British Columbia: Suggested Guidelines" 12582: 12376:

Dangerous Sex Offenders: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association

12250: 12201: 11454: 11394: 11294: 11246: 10590:"ACOG Committee Opinion No. 415: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and bone effects" 10498: 10149: 10057: 10014: 9985:

Benagiano G, Primiero FM (June 1983). "Long acting contraceptives. Present status".

9971: 9814: 9764: 9718: 9630: 9576: 8795: 8520: 8298: 8102: 7814: 7626: 7521: 6728: 6541: 6507: 5945:

It is also available in combination with an estrogen in the following formulations:

3627:. Decreased levels of FSH inhibit follicular development, preventing an increase in 3196:

may decrease the effectiveness of MPA as a contraceptive due to acceleration of its

23033: 23023: 22550: 22511: 21905: 21510: 21411: 20604: 20041: 20019: 20002: 19527: 19507: 18455: 18319: 17878: 17716: 17676: 17602: 16781: 16773: 16547: 16311: 16269: 16261: 16214: 16188: 16157: 16083: 16034: 16001: 15895: 15833: 15672: 15636: 15600: 15565: 14823: 14797: 14720: 14685: 14648: 14580: 14545: 14510: 14462: 14422: 14332: 14295: 14253: 14185: 14139: 14095: 14056: 14010: 13962: 13954: 13907: 13772: 13714: 13674: 13618: 13592: 13572: 13534: 13526: 13485: 13441: 13392: 13346: 13289: 13281: 13246: 13242: 13207: 13171: 13148: 13128: 13089: 13051: 13016: 12979: 12873: 12826: 12789: 12750: 12713: 12705: 12609: 12562: 12554: 12511: 12476: 12441: 12345: 12303: 12228: 12181: 12011: 11976: 11939: 11904: 11869: 11684: 11541: 11450: 11374: 11278: 11274: 11226: 11188: 11109: 11046: 11041: 11029: 10999: 10976: 10956: 10919: 10909: 10816: 10806: 10764: 10756: 10652: 10642: 10601: 10560: 10521: 10478: 10440: 10399: 10358: 10350: 10311: 10129: 10103: 10083: 10037: 9994: 9949: 9908: 9898: 9854: 9846: 9794: 9744: 9698: 9657: 9610: 9556: 9519: 9424: 9374: 9351: 9331: 9171: 9133: 8775: 8733: 8696: 8676: 8498: 8459: 8354: 8278: 8220:(4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 201–220. 8140: 7928: 7920: 7842: 7794: 7672: 7606: 7544: 7501: 7360: 7310: 7235: 7231: 7227: 6985: 6708: 6537: 6487: 6284: 6219: 6049:

There was a long, controversial history regarding the approval of DMPA by the U.S.

5766: 5745:

under the brand name Provera (2.5, 5, and 10 mg tablets) for the treatment of

5412: 5320: 5281: 5269: 5009: 4896: 4868: 4682: 4562: 3672: 3600: 3177: 2942: 2269:

in the eye. In combination with estrogens in general, MPA may increase the risk of

2243: 2035: 2002: 1948: 1865: 1714: 1548:

DMPA, under brand names such as Depo-Provera and Depo-SubQ Provera 104, is used in

807: 427: 355: 345: 335: 311: 75: 18792: 16250:"Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature" 15176: 12878: 12861: 10698: 10679: 10120:

Sitruk-Ware R, Nath A (June 2011). "Metabolic effects of contraceptive steroids".

10087: 8816: 7330: 7159: 5036:, and is associated with a variety of effects mediated by this property including 3236:

values of approximately 0.01 nM, 1 nM, and 10 nM, respectively. It has negligible

1798:

use since 2008, particularly for young people; following on from the October 2005

23137: 22525: 22486: 22446: 21870: 21735: 21151: 20916: 20208: 20184: 20172: 19452: 19337: 19192: 18863: 18530: 18505: 18356: 18309: 18119: 17979: 17470: 17016: 16804: 16789: 16443: 16368: 15980: 15922: 15094: 15067:

Black Women and International Law: Deliberate Interactions, Movements and Actions

15016: 14995: 13911: 12932: 11834: 11807: 11770: 11713: 11688: 11175:

Kemppainen JA, Langley E, Wong CI, Bobseine K, Kelce WR, Wilson EM (March 1999).

10811: 10606: 10589: 9903: 8932: 8779: 7985: 7767: 7676: 6814: 6351: 6229:(19-nortestosterone) in men. However, it was never approved for this indication. 6204: 6090: 5981:

Progestins in birth control pills are sometimes grouped by generation. While the

5494: 5332: 5273: 5181: 5099:

receptor. Conversely, unlike progesterone, MPA itself actually modulates the GABA

4958: 4590: 4507: 4402: 3943: 3569: 2277:

women also taking CEEs. It was because of these unexpected interactions that the

1974: 1966: 1561: 1237: 1217: 1154: 1090:

activity. Due to its progestogenic activity, MPA decreases the body's release of

600: 459: 435: 14899: 14652: 14014: 11943: 9748: 6712: 6133:

due to sloppy record keeping." Consequently, no data from this study was usable.

5935:

Oral pills: Amen, Curretab, Cycrin, Provera – 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg

5021: 5017: 1630:

In 2004, using the 1995 NSFG failure rate, Trussell increased (by 10 times) his

22624: 22584: 22530: 22496: 22476: 22431: 22357: 22352: 22313: 22308: 22273: 21990: 21680: 20538: 20509: 20432: 20308: 20097: 20086: 20065: 19952: 19297: 19122: 19097: 18725: 18701: 18674: 18570: 18495: 18398: 18183: 18154: 18011: 17954: 17893: 17888: 17611: 17291: 17146: 17063: 17001: 16891: 16735: 16730: 16688: 16683: 16678: 16653: 16610: 16425: 14926:

Innovation in Clinical Practice: The Dynamics of Medical Technology Development

14257: 13285: 13020: 10445: 10428: 7505: 6273: 6100: 6058: 5498: 5459:

With intramuscular administration, the high levels of MPA in the blood inhibit

5252: 5248: 5244: 5227: 5173: 5161: 5108: 5064: 5029: 4949: 4760: 4730: 4582: 4554: 4418: 3648: 3589: 3137: 3024: 2707: 2082: 1941: 1299: 1225: 1087: 1048: 1028: 18637: 16218: 15950:"Fertility control with long-acting injectable steroids. A preliminary report" 15676: 14612:

DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology

14501:

Gabelnick HL, Hall PE (1987). "Long-acting methods for fertility regulation".

13576: 13396: 13093: 12830: 12349: 11378: 10339:"Recovery of bone density in women who stop using medroxyprogesterone acetate" 10300:"Progestogen-only contraception and bone mineral density: a systematic review" 10133: 9885:

Tepper NK, Jeng G, Curtis KM, Boutot ME, Boulet SL, Whiteman MK (March 2019).

9798: 9560: 7798: 7314: 6491: 6303:

in male cats. It may be particularly useful for controlling such behaviors in

6232:

MPA was investigated by InKine Pharmaceutical, Salix Pharmaceuticals, and the

5396:

of MPA are also formed. Deacetylation of MPA and its metabolites (into, e.g.,

48: 23147: 22953: 22849: 22749: 22654: 22481: 22231: 22191: 22025: 21910: 21780: 21341: 21263: 21044: 20943: 20889: 20793: 20730: 20677: 20672: 20650: 20623: 20611: 20514: 20439: 20422: 20410: 20405: 20393: 20303: 20298: 20232: 20150: 19706: 19651: 19626: 19202: 18600: 18500: 17711: 17475: 17420: 17193: 17006: 16991: 16785: 16628: 16033:. Frontiers of Radiation Therapy and Oncology. Vol. 36. pp. 49–65. 14968: 14557: 14522: 13317: 13101: 12523: 12357: 11792: 10725: 10354: 9591: 9183: 8680: 8432: 8097:. In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kowal D (eds.). 7752: 7216:"Hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and risk of endometrial hyperplasia" 7100: 6261: 5928: 5900: 5787: 5742: 5510: 5506: 5474:

are rare while MPA is found at significant blood levels in the body, and the

5385: 5328: 5224: 5201: 5111: 4974: 4666: 4459: 4430: 3501: 3161: 3088: 3047: 3020: 2973: 2678: 2565: 2247: 2161: 2048: 1962: 1955: 1758: 1747: 1260: 1198: 1190: 1142: 1130: 1109:. MPA is the most widely used progestin in menopausal hormone therapy and in 977: 969: 869: 783: 468: 451: 411: 16939: 13958: 13080:

Luciano AA (1992). "Endometriosis—the role of medroxyprogesterone acetate".

11715:

The Principles and Practice of Hormone Therapy in Gynaecology and Obstetrics

11115:

10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980201)82:3<553::aid-cncr18>3.0.co;2-0

10525: 10200:"Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and bone effects. Committee Opinion #602" 9833:

Mantha S, Karp R, Raghavan V, Terrin N, Bauer KA, Zwicker JI (August 2012).

9506:

Hlatky MA, Boothroyd D, Vittinghoff E, Sharp P, Whooley MA (February 2002).

8068: 3807: 2171:

When used as a form of injected birth control, there is a delayed return of

1891:

for use in menopausal hormone therapy, and is available in combination with

23064: 23048: 23043: 23038: 22923: 22908: 22873: 22868: 22799: 22769: 22764: 22594: 22367: 22342: 22337: 22332: 22248: 22165: 22150: 22040: 21980: 21945: 21880: 21835: 21825: 21650: 21640: 21460: 21431: 21421: 21406: 21376: 21371: 21361: 21351: 21346: 21296: 21206: 21196: 21191: 21161: 21131: 21034: 20970: 20948: 20827: 20752: 20701: 20655: 20594: 20572: 20468: 20332: 20293: 20283: 20271: 20133: 19845: 19701: 19631: 19532: 19522: 19487: 19457: 19391: 19366: 19317: 19272: 19237: 19212: 19157: 19112: 18948: 18730: 18647: 18535: 18465: 18440: 18388: 18378: 18324: 18171: 18104: 17989: 17984: 17967: 17918: 17425: 17393: 17253: 16974: 16862: 16857: 16826: 16755: 16740: 16715: 16673: 16668: 16592: 16587: 16540: 16533: 16415: 16323: 16283: 16226: 16169: 16056: 15872: 15782: 15684: 15542: 15458: 14909: 14809: 14801: 14309: 14197: 14022: 13976: 13919: 13726: 13688: 13679: 13662: 13630: 13584: 13548: 13530: 13404: 13358: 13140: 12887: 12838: 12727: 12709: 12623: 12574: 12480: 12445: 12267:

Sex Offenders: Identification, Risk Assessment, Treatment, and Legal Issues

12242: 12015: 11553: 11476: 11462: 11286: 11238: 11202: 11193: 11176: 10933: 10882: 10851:. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Archived from 10830: 10778: 10666: 10615: 10574: 10533: 10490: 10454: 10413: 10323: 10141: 10095: 10049: 10041: 9963: 9922: 9868: 9806: 9756: 9734: 9710: 9671: 9622: 9614: 9568: 9533: 9524: 9507: 9386: 9343: 9299: 9240: 8787: 8745: 8688: 8657: 8512: 8471: 8358: 8328: 8290: 8241:

Mishell DR (2004). "Contraception". In Strauss III JF, Barbieri RL (eds.).

8160: 7942: 7854: 7806: 7618: 7374: 7322: 7249: 6982:

World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019

6720: 6549: 6499: 6094: 6018: 5970: 5810: 5762: 5750: 5702: 5405: 5177: 5052: 5013: 4997: 4941: 4892: 4884: 4776: 4698: 4578: 4542: 4538: 4503: 4472: 4422: 4406: 4405:. Due to its effects on androgen levels, MPA can produce strong functional 4378: 4270: 3644: 3612: 3462: 3265: 3109: 3051: 3036: 2985: 2934: 2649: 2420: 2389: 2231: 2086: 1998: 1981: 1824: 1762: 1754: 1334: 1326: 1276: 1256: 1229: 1182: 1158: 1091: 1079: 1036: 350: 340: 330: 19991:

11-Deoxycorticosterone (desoxycortone, deoxycortone, desoxycorticosterone)

16097: 15965: 15845: 15810: 15719: 15648: 15612: 15577: 14732: 14592: 14474: 14434: 14394: 14344: 14300: 14283: 14265: 14151: 14107: 13784: 13499: 13453: 13350: 13303: 13254: 13219: 13183: 13063: 13028: 12803: 12762: 12515: 12488: 12453: 12417: 12193: 12023: 11988: 11916: 11881: 11386: 11123: 11055: 11011: 10968: 10372: 10006: 9438: 8737: 8366: 7969: 7583: 7556: 5239:(PGRMC1). Certain other progestins are also active in this assay, whereas 3054:, most women fully regain their bone density after discontinuing use. The 2124:(though it is not clear if this is truly a risk, it cannot be ruled out), 1415: 22883: 22629: 22599: 22491: 22288: 22238: 22216: 22196: 22155: 22130: 22120: 22095: 22080: 22035: 21940: 21855: 21845: 21805: 21695: 21625: 21381: 21181: 21176: 21121: 21101: 20997: 20975: 20965: 20960: 20953: 20926: 20921: 20894: 20862: 20857: 20852: 20689: 20660: 20577: 20567: 20526: 20504: 20492: 20480: 20456: 20249: 20244: 20220: 20196: 19830: 19711: 19696: 19691: 19621: 19557: 19512: 19416: 19412: 19408: 19361: 19307: 19302: 19282: 19222: 19167: 19137: 19127: 19117: 19087: 19072: 18988: 18968: 18873: 18797: 18689: 18642: 18607: 18525: 18515: 18460: 18418: 18383: 18329: 18314: 18279: 18274: 18028: 17999: 17498: 17485: 17106: 17083: 17058: 17033: 16710: 16648: 16633: 16615: 16582: 16570: 16430: 15907: 14697: 14689: 14068: 12993: 12614: 12597: 11624:

Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie: Physiologie und Pathologie der Reproduktion

11082: 10843: 9145: 8282: 7513: 7271: 6078: 5679: 5482: 5107:. Whereas the reduced metabolites of progesterone enhance binding of the 4945: 3652: 3514: 3475: 3113: 2953: 2153: 1303: 1095: 1016: 228: 17162: 15771:

Family Planning/Population Reporter; A Review of State Laws and Policies

12566: 10386:

Scholes D, LaCroix AZ, Ichikawa LE, Barlow WE, Ott SM (September 2002).

6990: 5958:

Oral pills: ethinylestradiol and MPA (Provest) – 50 μg / 10 mg

5388:, including at positions C6β, C21, C2β, and C1β, mediated primarily via 2043:

Conditions which represent an unacceptable health risk if DMPA is used:

640: 22913: 22878: 22839: 22829: 22809: 22739: 22694: 22674: 22569: 22545: 22506: 22501: 22436: 22426: 22387: 22362: 22347: 22298: 22268: 22243: 22140: 22005: 21895: 21860: 21815: 21755: 21366: 21301: 21268: 21258: 21136: 21056: 21029: 21024: 21014: 20906: 20847: 20842: 20837: 20817: 20805: 20781: 20769: 20764: 20718: 20599: 20444: 20364: 20359: 20349: 20320: 20288: 20160: 20053: 19800: 19767: 19616: 19611: 19591: 19562: 19482: 19447: 19442: 19432: 19327: 19262: 19197: 19147: 19003: 18898: 18853: 18812: 18720: 18669: 18520: 18470: 18423: 18413: 18232: 18200: 18159: 18109: 18099: 18045: 18033: 17994: 17846: 17841: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17748: 17258: 17116: 17068: 17048: 17043: 16970: 16777: 16769: 16745: 16725: 16693: 16390: 12307: 12185: 10680:

WHO Department of Reproductive Health and Research (16 February 2012).

10427:

Scholes D, LaCroix AZ, Ichikawa LE, Barlow WE, Ott SM (February 2005).

8986:"The UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (2005/2006)" 8566:. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Archived from 8152: 7597:

Gooren L (2005). "Hormone treatment of the adult transsexual patient".

6296: 6226: 5746: 5478: 5393: 5381: 5072: 5056: 4927: 4502:. While it does not antagonize estrogen-induced increases in levels of 3197: 3185: 3141: 3092: 2121: 2098: 2090: 1330: 1314: 1240: 1221: 1186: 1040: 1024: 985: 834: 651: 294: 16265: 16142: 16038: 12754: 12558: 11980: 10167: 9850: 9175: 7610: 4007: 3584:

required to inhibit ovulation is 300 mg/day, whereas that of the

3062:

with increased bone turnover but no decrease in bone mineral density.

2085:

of MPA are acne, changes in menstrual flow, drowsiness, and can cause

1827:. The two compounds do not differentiate in their ability to suppress 22689: 22679: 22609: 22589: 22564: 22531:

Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethandrolone, normethisterone)

22441: 22416: 22263: 22253: 22221: 22206: 22160: 22115: 22070: 22015: 21965: 21740: 21690: 21630: 21156: 21061: 21039: 20987: 20832: 20354: 20254: 20155: 20121: 20109: 20036: 19821: 19795: 19775: 19771: 19759: 19636: 19601: 19542: 19502: 19497: 19396: 19376: 19312: 19277: 19252: 19247: 19232: 19152: 19102: 19023: 18958: 18903: 18893: 18883: 18817: 18664: 18652: 18408: 18299: 18227: 18188: 18114: 18087: 18016: 17770: 17753: 17297: 17268: 17141: 17126: 16996: 16720: 16638: 16381: 15143:

Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms

14379:"Pharmacokinetics of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception" 13006: 11483:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 2993–3003. 10657: 6304: 6082: 5966: 5502: 5471: 5464: 5444: 5037: 4978: 4714: 4467: 3939: 3628: 3604: 3577: 3133: 2274: 2172: 2149: 2059: 1970: 1409: 1322: 1284: 1209: 1150: 1134: 1099: 1056: 1052: 965: 586: 524: 303: 214: 12502:

Asscheman H, Gooren LJ (1993). "Hormone Treatment in Transsexuals".

12402:"Medroxyprogesterone and paraphiles: do testosterone levels matter?" 10299: 8916: 8144: 4462:. However, although MPA may produce androgenic side effects such as 992:. The medication is available both alone and in combination with an 22824: 22779: 22382: 22377: 22135: 21775: 21675: 21670: 21426: 21226: 21126: 21071: 20872: 20555: 20082: 20007: 19807: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19472: 19227: 19162: 18978: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18868: 18807: 18802: 18742: 17923: 17765: 17596: 17218: 17121: 17038: 16703: 12401: 10699:

WHO Department of Reproductive Health and Research (23 July 2014).

8417:(20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 212–213. 8392:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 787–809. 8245:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 899–938. 7737:(20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. 7464: 7080:

Bagade O, Pawar V, Patel R, Patel B, Awasarkar V, Diwate S (2014).

6861:(36th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. pp. 2113–2114. 6215: 6074: 6025: 5986: 5649: 5547: 5231: 5169: 5165: 5157: 5120: 5080: 5045: 5041: 4924: 4394: 4386: 4382: 3636: 3169: 3165: 3125: 3007:

DMPA has been associated in multiple studies with a higher risk of

2930: 2892: 2761: 2266: 2262: 2164:

and may interfere with carbohydrate metabolism, but does not cause

2137: 2129: 2066: 2055:

Conditions where use is not indicated and should not be initiated:

2019: 1919: 1773: 1769: 1665: 1291: 1247:

patients, and at high doses (800 mg per day) to treat certain

1161:. It is used in menopausal hormone therapy specifically to prevent 1125:

The most common use of MPA is in the form of DMPA as a long-acting

1083: 1032: 700: 631: 22708: 21245: 19979:

11-Dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxocorticosterone, 17-deoxycortisone)

16814: 14175: 12859: 8561:"CG30 Long-acting reversible contraception: quick reference guide" 3564:

bind to and agonize the PR, MPA has approximately 100-fold higher

1864:, as a 150 mg/mL (1 mL) or 400 mg/mL (2.5 mL) 857: 22644: 22619: 22614: 22535: 22211: 21201: 21111: 19763: 19552: 19492: 19292: 19177: 19018: 18993: 18848: 18590: 18540: 18480: 18141: 17131: 16983: 16605: 16399: 15261:

Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility: Handbook for Clinicians

13812:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 104, 107, 112. 11621:

Knörr K, Knörr-Gärtner H, Beller FK, Lauritzen C (8 March 2013).

11620: 11440: 10337:

Cundy T, Cornish J, Evans MC, Roberts H, Reid IR (January 1994).

9938:"Hormone therapies and venous thromboembolism: where are we now?" 9262:

Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman: Basic and Clinical Aspects

7213: 7035:

Research on Reproductive Health at WHO: Biennial Report 2000-2001

6527: 6173: 6066: 5668: 5652: 5486: 5409: 5076: 4966: 4360: 3541: 3214: 2957: 2202: 2125: 2070: 1067: 20712:

Meprednisone hydrogen succinate (methylprednisone hemisuccinate)

15859:"Clinicians clash with consumer groups over possible Depo ban". 13833:

Hofbauer KG, Anker SD, Inui A, Nicholson JR (22 December 2005).

13561: 11506:

Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

11095: 9929: 8190:(18th rev. ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 461–494. 7881:(18th rev. ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 773–845. 5208:, actions that have all been linked to an increase in appetite. 3229:(PR, AR, and GR, respectively), activating these receptors with 2242:

and all other causes of death) were offset by increased risk of

21635: 19814: 19755: 19740: 19646: 17415: 17151: 15477:"Progestins (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Supplement7, 1987)" 15116:

The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management

14084: 13941:

Trabert B, Sherman ME, Kannan N, Stanczyk FZ (September 2019).

12400:

Kravitz HM, Haywood TW, Kelly J, Liles S, Cavanaugh JL (1996).

9505: 9123: 9088: 8956:(3rd ed.). Geneva: Reproductive Health and Research, WHO. 7991:(16th rev. ed.). New York: Irvington Publishers. pp. 7214:

Furness S, Roberts H, Marjoribanks J, Lethaby A (August 2012).

6157: 6070: 6062: 6054: 6036: 5738: 5734: 5722: 5714: 5475: 5389: 5247:, and other progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and 4937: 4876: 3121: 2965: 2481: 2251: 2145: 2133: 2094: 2014: 1703: 1244: 1170: 989: 731: 472: 21931:

Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate (hydroxyprogesterone enanthate)

14710: 14452: 12406:

The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

9589: 6103:. However, subsequent studies have shown that in humans, DMPA 4012: 3091:

mothers. Heavy bleeding is possible if given in the immediate

2089:

if taken by pregnant women. Other common side effects include

1794:

The United Kingdom Department of Health has actively promoted

1349:

and often do not result in discontinuation of the medication.

129: 20944:

Ciprocinonide (fluocinolone acetonide cyclopropylcarboxylate)

19346: 19028: 18938: 18869:

Andarine (acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx-007, S-4)

18828: 17712:

Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-oxoandrostenedione)

17073: 16111:

Denis LJ, Griffiths K, Kaisary AV, Murphy GP (1 March 1999).

14897: 14675: 13161: 13041: 12694:"Hormonal Treatment of Transgender Women with Oral Estradiol" 12001: 11966: 11174: 10467: 9684: 9025:"MedroxyPROGESTERone: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp" 8449: 7706:

Our Global Environment: A Health Perspective, Seventh Edition

7025: 6280: 6017:

has been filed against Pfizer by users of DMPA who developed

5671: 5436: 5432: 5221: 4541:

activity. As such, although MPA is sometimes described as an

4515: 2989: 2176: 2117: 1857:

MPA is available alone in the form of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg

1528:

Reduced bone density, which may reverse after discontinuation

1311: 848: 711: 529: 476: 464: 21926:

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate)

15661: 14570: 13940: 12215:

Brady BM, Anderson RA, Kinniburgh D, Baird DT (April 2003).

12214: 12141:

King TL, Brucker MC, Kriebs JM, Fahey JO (21 October 2013).

11508:(11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1541–1571. 10628: 10426: 10385: 9935: 9482:

Practical Gynecology: A Guide for the Primary Care Physician

9410: 9231:"Exposure to DMPA in pregnancy may cause low birth weight". 8101:(19th rev. ed.). New York: Ardent Media. Archived from 5301:(LC–MS/MS), a more accurate method of blood determinations. 4933:

MPA has been identified as a competitive inhibitor of human

3698: 3684: 3651:. Inhibition of ovarian function during DMPA use causes the 1279:

effects. It has been used to delay puberty in children with

1129:

to prevent pregnancy in women. It is an extremely effective

756: 20949:

Fluocinonide (fluocinolide, fluocinolone acetonide acetate)

19779: 19092: 16449:

Algestone acetophenide (dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide)

16110: 15293:(15): 825–6. 1994. Popline database document number 096527. 14535: 14322: 14243: 14171: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14163: 14161: 13762: 13704: 11683:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 309–332. 11479:(2006). "Contraception". In DeGroot LJ, Jameson JL (eds.). 11436: 11434: 11215: 10726:"News from the HC-HIV front: it's raining meta (analyses)!" 9093:"Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection, US patient labeling" 7955: 5741:. It was first introduced on 18 June 1959 by Upjohn in the 4913: 4463: 3230: 3188:

from breast cancer has been associated with an increase in

2109:. Data on weight gain with DMPA likewise are inconsistent. 691: 155: 132: 120: 111: 102: 81: 16438:

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (and closely related) derivatives:

16247: 15947: 15226: 15224: 14647:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 67–111. 13832: 12264:

Saleh FM, Grudzinskas AJ, Bradford JM (11 February 2009).

11938:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 67–111. 11030:"High-dose progestin therapy for metastatic breast cancer" 10844:

Faculty of Sexual Reproductive Healthcare (January 2015).

6028:

were controversial with regard to human rights abuses and

5985:

progestins are consistently grouped into generations, the

4840:– = No effect. + = Pronounced effect. ++ = Strong effect. 1366: 1098:

levels. It works as a form of birth control by preventing

117: 93: 19462: 14939: 14455:

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

14003:

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

13117: 12654: 12294: 12114:

Artini PG, Genazzani AR, Petraglia F (11 December 2001).

11681:

Ovarian Function and its Disorders: Diagnosis and Therapy

11136: 10291: 10263: 8314: 8216:

Speroff L, Darney PD (2005). "Injectable Contraception".

7667:

Hammerstein J (1990). "Antiandrogens: Clinical Aspects".

7419: 7417: 6976: 6373: 5954:

While the following formulations have been discontinued:

5815: 4545:, it is not a "true" antiandrogen (i.e., AR antagonist). 3798: 3789: 149: 143: 21010:

Triamcinolone aminobenzal benzamidoisobutyrate (TBI-PAB)

18553:

17α-Alkylated 5α-dihydro-19-nortestosterone derivatives:

15989: 15146:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 173–. 15038:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 110–. 14158: 12776:

Meyer WJ, Walker PA, Emory LE, Smith ER (January 1985).

12399: 12263: 12170: 12113: 12093:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 429–. 12043:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 114–. 11677:"Hormonal Treatment of Disorders of the Menstrual Cycle" 11654:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 554–. 11614: 11431: 11068: 10336: 9832: 8719:"Bioidentical hormone therapy: a review of the evidence" 8535:"Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception" 8056:"Guidance for Industry - Uniform Contraceptive Labeling" 7784: 7011:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 383–. 6994:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 3942:-inhibiting dosage (without additional estrogen). TFD = 18056:

7α-Methyl-19-norandrostenedione (MENT dione, trestione)

15914: 15221: 15166: 14609:

DeVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA (7 January 2015).

14608: 14042: 14040: 12430: 11264: 10989: 10743:

Ralph LJ, McCoy SI, Shiu K, Padian NS (February 2015).

10511: 9083: 9081: 9060:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 45–. 8026:(17th rev. ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 6279:

MPA has been found to be effective in the treatment of

6024:

Clinical trials for this medication regarding women in

4984: 4491:, similarly to other weakly androgenic progestins like 4471:

precocious puberty. The reason for the general lack of

4002: 3176:. When used as a contraceptive, MPA does not generally 1306:

and appears to improve blood parameters for women with

1107:

World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines

22978: 21936:

Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate benzilic acid hydrazone

21079:

Non-corticosteroids with some glucocorticoid activity:

20299:

Prednicarbate (prednisolone ethylcarbonate propionate)

19926: 18750:

5α-Dihydro-17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone derivatives:

16204: 16183: 16181: 16179: 15948:

Zañartu J, Rice-Wray E, Goldzieher JW (October 1966).

15196: 15194: 14641:"Pharmacokinetics of Contraceptive Steroids in Humans" 12938:

Meyler's Side Effects of Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs

12140: 11932:"Pharmacokinetics of Contraceptive Steroids in Humans" 11364: 10868: 10791: 10199: 9884: 7460:

Meyler's side effects of endocrine and metabolic drugs

7438:

Original Approvals or Tentative Approvals: 09/23/1960.

7414: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6640: 5868: 3664:

MPA and related steroids at the progesterone receptor

3244:. The medication has relatively high affinity for the 1502:

Especially in first injection may be frequent spotting

1137:. MPA is also used in combination with an estrogen in 23121: 22988: 16363: 15504:"The Case Against Depo-Provera - Problems in the U.S" 15334:"Reference Manual for Injectable Contraceptive (MPA)" 15306:"Why women's groups oppose injectable contraceptives" 14496: 14494: 14492: 14128: 14080: 14078: 12775: 12257: 11960: 11340:. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 638–. 11330: 11328: 11326: 11324: 10895: 10682:"Technical Statement: Hormonal contraception and HIV" 9978: 8484: 7079: 6815:"Medroxyprogesterone Uses, Dosage & Side Effects" 6762:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 6352:"Medroxyprogesterone Uses, Dosage & Side Effects" 5855: 4901: 4377:

at sufficient dosages, resulting decreased levels of

1995:

levels theoretically increasing cardiovascular risk:

1800:

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

167: 146: 135: 123: 99: 96: 84: 21540: 20166:

Etiprednol dicloacetate (etiprednol dichloroacetate)

19836: 16028: 14901:

Primary Care Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

14634: 14632: 14288:

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

14122: 14037: 13667:

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

13519:

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

13336: 13232: 12691: 12602:

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

12495: 12379:. American Psychiatric Pub. 1999. pp. 112–144. 12107: 11593: 11573:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 761–. 11531: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11304: 10742: 9936:

van Hylckama Vlieg A, Middeldorp S (February 2011).

9078: 8310: 8308: 7698: 7696: 6888:

Frontiers in Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation

6107:

the risk of endometrial cancer by approximately 80%.

5778: 5268:

Surprisingly few studies have been conducted on the

4340: 3272:

Relative affinities (%) of MPA and related steroids

3180:

with other medications. The combination of MPA with

3068:

American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

158: 152: 126: 108: 105: 90: 87: 20843:

Amcinonide (triamcinolone acetate cyclopentanonide)

20666:

Icometasone enbutate (icometasone butyrate acetate)

20343:

Pregnenolone succinate (pregnenolone hemisuccinate)

20098:

Hydrocortamate (hydrocortisone diethylaminoacetate)

18184:

Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone)

16176: 16104: 15995: 15191: 14904:. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). 14604: 14602: 13471: 13430: 13270:"Cushing's syndrome induced by medroxyprogesterone" 12086: 11771:"Effects, Duration of Action and Metabolism in Man" 10949:

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

10706:. Geneva: World Health Organization. Archived from 10684:. Geneva: World Health Organization. Archived from 10223: 10221: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 6637: 6358: 6332:

Polyestradiol phosphate/medroxyprogesterone acetate

5923:

List of progestogens available in the United States

5136:receptor in humans even at extremely high dosages. 3981:Parenteral potencies and durations of progestogens 3816: 3780: 3116:issues described. Overdose is not described in the 2365:(n = 16,608, with uterus, 5.2–5.6 years follow up) 2356: 619: 140: 114: 78: 22713:Tooltip Selective progesterone receptor modulators 21250:Tooltip Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists 20917:Fludroxycortide (flurandrenolone, flurandrenolide) 16819:Tooltip Selective progesterone receptor modulators 15920: 15795: 15200: 14489: 14075: 13826: 13472:Penning TM, Sharp RB, Krieger NR (December 1985). 12466: 12147:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 495–. 12087:Runnebaum BC, Rabe T, Kiesel L (6 December 2012). 12080: 12030: 11809:Progestins and Antiprogestins in Clinical Practice 11799: 11570:Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility 8954:Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use 8835: 8017: 7984: 7569: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6004:In 1994, when DMPA was approved in India, India's 5927:As of November 2016, MPA is available in the 5824: 5272:of MPA at postmenopausal replacement dosages. The 3762:= Coactivator recruitment. = Reporter cell line. 3519: 3334: 2192:There have been concerns about a possible risk of 20998:Flupamesone (triamcinolone acetonide metembonate) 20309:Prednisolamate (prednisolone diethylaminoacetate) 18396:17α-Alkylated 5α-dihydrotestosterone derivatives: 16241: 15389:"Class action suit filed over birth control drug" 15365:. Canadian Women's Health Network. Archived from 14816: 14629: 13512: 12816: 12655:Dahl M, Feldman JL, Goldberg J, Jaberi A (2015). 12595: 12331: 12329: 12327: 11745:Praktische Gynäkologie: für Studierende und Ärzte 11735: 11594:Knörr K, Beller FK, Lauritzen C (17 April 2013). 11560: 11301: 11130: 9984: 9828: 9826: 9824: 8305: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7693: 7633: 7127: 7125: 6952:Sneader W (2005). "Chapter 18: Hormone analogs". 6852: 4825: 4275: 2384:(n = 10,739, no uterus, 6.8–7.1 years follow up) 2144:in men, more frequent complaints include reduced 1958:and no evidence of current disease for five years 23145: 17641: 16297: 16295: 16293: 16200: 16198: 16143:"Clinical trials in male hormonal contraception" 16136: 16134: 15769:"Sterilization of minors leads to controversy". 15447:"U.S. approves injectable drug as birth control" 15070:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 230–231. 14599: 14408: 14406: 14404: 14000: 13996: 13994: 13992: 13990: 13988: 13986: 13897: 13893: 13891: 13863: 13700: 13698: 13656: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13648: 13604: 13602: 13113: 13111: 12965: 12900: 12769: 12648: 12134: 11923: 11777:. Vol. II. Pergamon Press. pp. 13–24. 11668: 11587: 11337:Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory 11260: 11258: 11256: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11164: 10546: 10433:Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 10218: 9646:"The women's health initiative: lessons learned" 9643: 9321: 8889: 7728: 7726: 7066: 6880: 6878: 6698: 6317:Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate 5144:Although MPA and the closely related medication 4557:activity, and as a result can cause symptoms of 2281:study was ended early due to the extra risks of 1845:Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate 1660:Trussell did not use 1995 NSFG failure rates as 1294:, MPA has been found to reduce the frequency of 1133:when used with relatively high doses to prevent 599: 23024:11-Deoxycortisol (17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone) 20954:Procinonide (fluocinolone acetonide propionate) 19939: 18615:5α-Dihydro-17α-ethynyltestosterone derivatives: 15495: 15133: 14933: 14929:. National Academies. pp. 167–. NAP:13513. 14787: 14448: 14446: 14444: 14281: 14046: 13864:Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny NI (3 February 2005). 13857: 13758: 13756: 13754: 13752: 13750: 13748: 13746: 13744: 13660: 13467: 13465: 13463: 13426: 13424: 13422: 13267: 13196: 13075: 13073: 12596:Gooren LJ, Giltay EJ, Bunck MC (January 2008). 12501: 12298:(2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). 12166: 12164: 11995: 11936:Contraceptive Steroids: Pharmacology and Safety 11826: 11023: 11021: 10119: 10115: 10113: 10069: 10067: 9880: 9878: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9730: 9728: 9451: 9317: 9315: 9313: 8123: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7660: 6603: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6327:Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate 5523:Hormone levels with medroxyprogesterone acetate 4654: 3560:. While both MPA and its deacetylated analogue 3506: 3322: 1853:Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate 890:C1C2(CC3(2CC3(C(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)4(C1=CC(=O)CC4)C 574: 498: 22397:11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate 20440:Ciclometasone (ciclomethasone, cyclomethasone) 18066:11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate 15737: 15201:Unzeitig V, van Lunsen RH (15 February 2000). 15106: 15059: 15057: 15055: 14997:The ... Year Book of Obstetrics and Gynecology 14993: 14529: 13373: 13235:Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 12901:Rees MC, Hope S, Ravnikar V (12 August 2005). 12819:Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 12544: 12324: 10547:Walsh JS, Eastell R, Peel NF (February 2010). 10122:Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 9821: 9787:Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 9406: 9404: 9402: 9400: 9195: 9193: 8841: 8819:. United States Food and Drug Administration. 8765: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8633:. NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement 8340: 8338: 7895: 7861: 7135:Practical Management of Gynecological Problems 7122: 6947: 6945: 6914: 6912: 6848: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6416: 5875:of its free alcohol form. It is also known as 5842: 5299:liquid-chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry 4940:(3β-HSD II). This enzyme is essential for the 4425:effects similarly, and has been used to treat 4361:Antigonadotropic and anticorticotropic effects 3027:activity of MPA may increase the risk of VTE. 1895:in a microcrystalline aqueous suspension as a 1680:DMPA has a number of advantages and benefits: 1668:implant (2.3%) and the ParaGard copper T 380A 1652:Contraceptive Technology, 19th revised edition 1646:Contraceptive Technology, 18th revised edition 1609:Contraceptive Technology, 17th revised edition 1603:Contraceptive Technology, 16th revised edition 1201:was developed and became feasible in terms of 512: 23229:World Health Organization essential medicines 23199:GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators 21726:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (hydroxyprogesterone) 21553: 21526: 20683:Locicortolone dicibate (locicortone dicibate) 19961:Cortisol-like and related (16-unsubstituted): 19912: 18833:Tooltip Selective androgen receptor modulator 18478:17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: 17627: 17178: 16969: 16955: 16842: 16392: 16349: 16301: 16290: 16195: 16131: 16022: 15112: 15089: 15087: 14940:William Andrew Publishing (22 October 2013). 14891: 14781: 14500: 14401: 14275: 13983: 13934: 13888: 13695: 13645: 13608: 13599: 13555: 13506: 13330: 13108: 12894: 12853: 12810: 12685: 12589: 12538: 12208: 12036: 11534:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 11367:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 11253: 11209: 11161: 10862: 10728:. New York: AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition. 10581: 10514:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 10297: 9452:Fink G, Pfaff DW, Levine J (31 August 2011). 9445: 9157: 9155: 8412: 8215: 8117: 8086: 8009: 7976: 7723: 7702: 7639: 7190:"Medroxyprogesterone - Drug Usage Statistics" 6875: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6210:DMPA has been studied for use as a potential 5833: 5454: 4849: 4622:Glucocorticoid activity of selected steroids 4608: 4339:In divided doses (2 × 125 or 250 mg for 3967: 3576:. The oral dosage of MPA required to inhibit 3467: 3286: 3264:(DHT), respectively, indicating that it is a 2308: 21716:16-Methylene-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate 18884:Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, GTx-024, S-22) 16576:Segesterone acetate (nestorone, elcometrine) 16189:"Medroxyprogesterone - InKine - AdisInsight" 16063: 15972: 15941: 14916: 14752: 14750: 14748: 14746: 14744: 14742: 14704: 14564: 14441: 14316: 14237: 14212:"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate - Drug Summary" 13799: 13741: 13460: 13419: 13226: 13190: 13155: 13070: 13035: 13000: 12925: 12630: 12460: 12424: 12393: 12161: 12070:The Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 11888: 11853: 11805: 11641: 11566: 11503: 11406: 11404: 11358: 11089: 11018: 10420: 10379: 10110: 10064: 10021: 9875: 9771: 9725: 9546: 9540: 9499: 9358: 9310: 9279: 9164:Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 8895: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8768:Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 8044: 7909:"Contraceptive failure in the United States" 7773: 7590: 7343: 7337: 7296: 7294: 7207: 7058:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6799: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6781: 5998: 5733:MPA was independently discovered in 1956 by 5582:MPA levels after a single 25 to 150 mg 5516: 5297:women. This study assessed MPA levels using 3706:Tooltip Half-maximal effective concentration 3692:Tooltip Half-maximal effective concentration 3172:when used in combination with CEEs to treat 2375: 2347: 20226:Halopredone acetate (halopredone diacetate) 20093:Benzodrocortisone (hydrocortisone benzoate) 20003:11-Deoxycortisol (cortodoxone, cortexolone) 18635:17α-Ethynyl-19-nortestosterone derivatives: 15879: 15555: 15285:"Contraceptives. Case for public enquiry". 15251: 15052: 15014: 14669: 14638: 14372: 14370: 14368: 14366: 14364: 14362: 14282:Jain J, Kwan D, Forcier M (November 2019). 12959: 12504:Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 12369: 12367: 11929: 11741: 11674: 11651:Clinical Endocrinology: Theory and Practice 11062: 10161: 10159: 9663:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090947 9397: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9190: 8875:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 989–. 8862: 8848:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 846–. 8645: 8627:"Contraception - Management QOF indicators" 8485:O'Brien MD, Guillebaud J (September 2006). 8335: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7666: 7563: 7528: 7300: 7220:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 7038:. World Health Organization. pp. 17–. 6942: 6909: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6673: 6556: 6514: 6413: 5542:MPA in combination with 1 or 2 mg/day 4971:gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty 4935:3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ isomerase 3772:Oral potencies of MPA and related steroids 3673: 2432: 2401: 2273:, with a stronger association when used by 1400:Depo-Provera, Depo-SubQ Provera 104, others 1310:. Similarly, MPA does not appear to affect 419:In general: ℞ (Prescription only) 23159:3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors 23154:3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors 23019:11-Deoxycortisone (21-hydroxyprogesterone) 22111:Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate) 21533: 21519: 19919: 19905: 18357:Methylclostebol (chloromethyltestosterone) 18252:5α-Dihydro-19-nortestosterone derivatives: 17634: 17620: 17219:Preventing sexually-transmitted infections 17185: 17171: 16962: 16948: 16561:Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate) 16356: 16342: 15924:Pharmacology of the contraceptive steroids 15733: 15731: 15729: 15438: 15391:. CTV.ca. 19 December 2005. Archived from 15139: 15113:Shoupe D, Mishell DR (28 September 2015). 15084: 14872: 14853: 14834: 13661:Lee TC, Miller WL, Auchus RJ (June 1999). 13513:Pazol K, Wilson ME, Wallen K (June 2004). 12302:. World Health Organization. p. 368. 12057: 11832: 11812:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 101–132. 11762: 11527: 11525: 11143:. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 49. 9784: 9152: 9117: 8974: 8716: 8710: 8602:. Primary Care Commissioning. 1 May 2009. 8406: 8390:Yen and Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology 8264: 8262: 8243:Yen and Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology 8211: 8209: 8207: 8181: 8179: 8177: 7485: 7261: 7259: 7131: 6998: 6825: 6344: 5392:, but 3- and 5-dihydro and 3,5-tetrahydro 5237:progesterone receptor membrane component-1 4615: 4601: 4548: 3995: 3974: 3960: 2315: 2301: 1587:failure rate for DMPA was the same as his 1542:) allowing more reliable return fertility. 793: 770: 659: 516: 503: 21703:17α-Substituted progesterone derivatives: 21611:17α-Methyl-11-deoxycorticosterone acetate 21142:Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate) 20433:Cortobenzolone (betamethasone salicylate) 18578:17α-Vinyl-19-nortestosterone derivatives: 18194:Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate) 17810:DHEA (androstenolone, prasterone; 5-DHEA) 17654: 17192: 16479:Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate) 16273: 16140: 16087: 15885: 15625: 15237:. World Health Organization. p. 44. 14943:Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia 14739: 14615:. Wolters Kluwer Health. pp. 1149–. 14299: 13966: 13678: 13538: 13489: 13293: 12983: 12966:Ettinger B, Golditch IM (December 1977). 12877: 12793: 12717: 12692:Leinung MC, Feustel PJ, Joseph J (2018). 12613: 12335: 12232: 12063: 12037:Wright JC, Burgess DJ (29 January 2012). 11894: 11705: 11401: 11192: 11113: 11045: 10923: 10913: 10889: 10820: 10810: 10768: 10656: 10646: 10605: 10564: 10444: 10403: 10362: 9953: 9912: 9902: 9858: 9661: 9523: 9472: 9428: 8802: 8502: 7932: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7388: 7364: 7291: 7239: 6989: 6884: 6778: 6162:progestogen-only injectable contraceptive 5885:6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate 4637: 4409:effects, and is used in the treatment of 4327:Never marketed or approved by this route. 3535: 3493: 3480: 3310: 3298: 2442: 2411: 1684:Highly effective at preventing pregnancy. 1302:medications. MPA does not interfere with 1218:inappropriate or unwanted sexual behavior 1127:progestogen-only injectable contraceptive 679: 34:, a natural and bioidentical progestogen. 20873:Desonide (hydroxyprednisolone acetonide) 20828:Acrocinonide (triamcinolone acroleinide) 20386:Methasones and related (16-substituted): 18285:Chlorodehydromethylandrostenediol (CDMA) 15303: 15264:. Scrub Hill Press, Inc. pp. 228–. 14987: 14359: 14204: 13870:. Oxford University Press. p. 553. 13319:Systemic Effects of Oral Glucocorticoids 12364: 12288: 11748:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 598, 601. 11469: 11027: 10946: 10269:"Hormonal contraception and bone health" 10257: 10156: 10073: 9364: 9247: 9047: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8899:Klinische Endokrinologie für Frauenärzte 8092: 8015: 7982: 7906: 7876: 7832: 7821: 7732: 7353:Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 6735: 6395:"Product monograph brand safety updates" 4429:such as precocious puberty in girls and 4309:Usually dosed every two to three months. 2984:(estrogen plus progestogen group only), 2065:MPA is not recommended for use prior to 1518:Especially good if poor pill compliance. 1360:Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 23189:Drugs with unknown mechanisms of action 22146:Oxogestone phenpropionate (xinogestone) 22106:Gestonorone acetate (gestronol acetate) 21490:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids 20838:Amcinafide (triamcinolone acetophenide) 19886:List of androgens and anabolic steroids 18272:17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: 16069: 15978: 15726: 15705: 15501: 15025: 14922: 14376: 13805: 13268:Merrin PK, Alexander WD (August 1990). 13079: 12931: 12636: 12270:. Oxford University Press. p. 44. 12117:Advances in Gynecological Endocrinology 12090:Female Contraception: Update and Trends 11647: 11522: 11475: 11414:Adolescent Health Care: Clinical Issues 9737:VASA. Zeitschrift für Gefässkrankheiten 9285: 9233:Progress in Human Reproduction Research 9199: 8938: 8868: 8817:"Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products" 8656: 8487:"Contraception for women with epilepsy" 8268: 8259: 8240: 8234: 8204: 8185: 8174: 7640:Sachdeva A, Dutta AK (31 August 2012). 7491: 7256: 6970: 6951: 6918: 6859:Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference 6272:that was said to be similar to that of 5139: 4335: 4333: 3042:On 17 November 2004, the United States 1831:, nor does either increase the risk of 1634:failure rate for DMPA from 0.3% to 3%. 1470:Maximum interval is just under 3 months 874:207 to 209 °C (405 to 408 °F) 766: 639: 233: 14: 23146: 22983:Tooltip Membrane progesterone receptor 21736:Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate) 20605:Fluocortin butyl (fluocortin butylate) 18290:Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT) 18046:Testifenon (testiphenon, testiphenone) 16444:Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate) 16304:Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract 15360: 15257: 15140:Morton IK, Hall JM (31 October 1999). 15063: 14970:Population/fertility control thesaurus 14538:International Journal of Pharmaceutics 13867:Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Medicine 13765:Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 13611:Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 12955:from the original on 31 December 2013. 12921:from the original on 31 December 2013. 11497: 10896:ECHO Trial Consortium (13 June 2019). 9413:"Depressive symptoms and Depo-Provera" 9161: 9087: 8980: 8537:. Nursing Times.net. 21 October 2008. 8478: 8387: 8381: 8317:The British Journal of Family Planning 7596: 7456: 7443: 7004: 6085:. Points in the controversy included: 5873:Tooltip Dénomination Commune Française 5796: 5602:MPA levels after a single 104 mg 5562:MPA levels after a single 150 mg 4963:cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme 4453: 3457:Values are percentages (%). Reference 1951:suspected of being a serious condition 784: 22993:Tooltip Progestin and adipoQ receptor 21514: 21495:Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators 20912:Fluclorolone acetonide (flucloronide) 20833:Amcinafal (triamcinolone pentanonide) 20233:Isoflupredone (9α-fluoroprednisolone) 19900: 18571:Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone) 18105:Bolmantalate (nandrolone adamantoate) 18100:Bolandione (19-nor-4-androstenedione) 17815:DHEA enanthate (prasterone enanthate) 17615: 17600: 17166: 16943: 16337: 15823: 15465:from the original on 8 December 2008. 15444: 15000:. Year Book Publishers. p. 339. 14966: 14878: 14777:from the original on 5 November 2017. 13082:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 12907:. Taylor & Francis. p. 213. 12734: 11768: 11567:Fritz MA, Speroff L (28 March 2012). 10732:from the original on 30 January 2015. 10188:from the original on 11 October 2016. 9942:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9478: 9074:from the original on 5 November 2017. 9010: 8823:from the original on 16 November 2016 8170:from the original on 2 December 2008. 7534: 7481:from the original on 23 October 2014. 6984:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 6891:. Taylor & Francis. p. 320. 6766:from the original on 24 December 2016 6322:Estradiol/medroxyprogesterone acetate 5860:Tooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana 5348:of MPA is 88%. It is weakly bound to 5304:Oral MPA tablets can be administered 5188:, and inhibition of the secretion of 4906:Tooltip tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone 4487:MPA shows weak androgenic effects on 4321: 4273:is ~25 (15–50) mg/day. The 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 1849:Estradiol/medroxyprogesterone acetate 1510:Usually no periods from 2nd injection 1414: 739: 719: 405: 219: 19841:Tooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin 18588:17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: 17867:Polytestosterone phloretin phosphate 17601: 17224:Over-the-counter oral contraceptives 16000:. Academic Press. pp. 515–521. 15708:The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 15518:from the original on 3 October 2006. 15483:from the original on 7 November 2017 14983:from the original on 9 October 2016. 14756: 14412: 14383:The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 14216:Prescribers' Digital Reference (PDR) 13379: 13326:from the original on 28 January 2014 12174:Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 12064:Chu YH, Li Q, Zhao ZF (April 1986). 11859: 11711: 11410: 11219:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 10723: 10165: 10027: 9258: 9057:Neurosteroids and the Nervous System 9053: 8925:Depo Provera: The Birth Control Shot 7703:Nadakavukaren A (28 February 2011). 7170:from the original on 15 January 2024 6470: 5783:Tooltip Food and Drug Administration 5711:9α-fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate 5489:, with small, straight glands and a 5087:receptor similarly to progesterone. 5071:. It has also been found to produce 4646: 4344: 4330: 4282:of OHPC is 250 to 500 mg/month. 2421: 2390: 2220: 1906: 1796:Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive 1786:Decreased incidence and severity of 1035:. More serious side effects include 354: 344: 334: 18511:Methylhydroxynandrolone (MOHN, MHN) 18216:Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate 17876:5α-Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: 17744:Androstenedione (4-androstenedione) 17209:Comparison of birth control methods 16162:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.020 15738:Hawkins K, Elliott J (5 May 1996). 15531:Washington Drug & Device Letter 14859: 13478:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 12740: 12338:Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 12040:Long Acting Injections and Implants 11417:. Elsevier Science. pp. 216–. 10648:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.009 10316:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.12.010 10227: 9336:10.1016/j.contraception.2018.01.010 8944: 8842:Engorn B, Flerlage J (1 May 2014). 8609:from the original on 10 August 2011 8541:from the original on 26 August 2009 8050: 7925:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.03.009 6855:"Sex hormones and their modulators" 6250:idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 5509:, MPA is a very effective means of 5258: 4537:of the AR and does not have direct 4269:Progesterone production during the 3208: 2361:Tooltip medroxyprogesterone acetate 1599:first-year failure rate = 0.3% in: 1290:Though not used as a treatment for 1232:. DMPA has also been used to treat 956:form and sold under the brand name 699: 590: 203:progesterone acetate; Methylacetoxy 24: 22182:6,6-Difluoronorethisterone acetate 18568:17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: 18330:Methandriol (methylandrostenediol) 17586:Male contraceptives in development 16684:Normethandrone (methylestrenolone) 16089:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1997.tb00805.x 16006:10.1016/B978-0-12-800077-9.00055-4 15921:Goldzieher JW, Fotherby K (1994). 15304:Sorojini NB (January–March 2005). 15031: 14643:. In Gregoire AT, Blye RP (eds.). 13884:from the original on 18 June 2013. 12284:from the original on 17 June 2014. 11934:. In Gregoire AT, Blye RP (eds.). 11627:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 583–. 11600:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 214–. 11354:from the original on 19 June 2013. 11157:from the original on 17 June 2014. 11137:World Health Organization (2004). 10298:Curtis KM, Martins SL (May 2006). 10206:from the original on 30 April 2015 9703:10.1097/01.AOG.0000143826.38439.af 8902:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 528–. 8218:A Clinical Guide for Contraception 7646:. JP Medical Ltd. pp. 1202–. 7384:from the original on 7 March 2016. 7344:Light SA, Holroyd S (March 2006). 6044: 5829:Tooltip United States Adopted Name 3524:Tooltip mineralocorticoid receptor 3339:Tooltip Mineralocorticoid receptor 3248:, but in spite of this, it has no 2069:or before or during recovery from 1838: 1806:"good practice" for primary care. 1790:in women with sickle-cell disease. 1325:. Women taking MPA may experience 1263:. MPA has also been prescribed in 25: 23245: 23090:Progestogens and antiprogestogens 22497:Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene) 21891:Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate 21147:Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate 18608:Ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone) 18325:Metandienone (methandrostenolone) 18155:Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene) 17766:Boldione (1,4-androstadienedione) 17717:Androstenediol (5-androstenediol) 17682:4-Dehydroepiandrosterone (4-DHEA) 15529:"Controversy over Depo-Provera". 15502:Goodman A (February–March 1985). 15426:from the original on 20 June 2015 15096:Documentation on Women's Concerns 9644:Prentice RL, Anderson GL (2008). 9458:. Academic Press. pp. 564–. 9206:. Elsevier Science. pp. 2–. 9035:from the original on 24 July 2010 8970:from the original on 31 May 2009. 8950:"Progestogen-only contraceptives" 8896:Leidenberger FA (17 April 2013). 8271:Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 7279:from the original on 12 July 2010 6925:. Elsevier Science. pp. 9–. 6905:from the original on 20 May 2016. 6290: 6182:combined injectable contraceptive 6030:Medical Experimentation in Africa 5877:6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone 5211: 5063:, as well as effectiveness as an 4830:Tooltip Relative binding affinity 4553:As an agonist of the GR, MPA has 4476:agonists of the receptor such as 4280:Tooltip ovulation-inhibiting dose 3615:, which decreases the release of 2291:combined oral contraceptive pills 2230:hormone therapy (reduced risk of 1947:Before evaluation of unexplained 1897:combined injectable contraceptive 1737:pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 1642:first-year failure rate = 3% in: 946:depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 381: 253: 18:Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 23131: 22457:Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate 22390:; Anabolic–androgenic steroids: 21646:Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether 20758:Prednylidene diethylaminoacetate 20741:Paramethasone disodium phosphate 20510:Desoximetasone (desoxymethasone) 20365:Butixocort (tixocortol butyrate) 19984:11-Dehydrocorticosterone acetate 19881:Progesterone receptor modulators 18372:Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether 18335:Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate 18295:Chloromethylandrostenediol (CMA) 18130:Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate 17889:1-Androsterone (1-andro, 1-DHEA) 16914:Progesterone receptor modulators 15900:10.1097/00006254-197706000-00001 15852: 15826:The Journal of Adolescent Health 15817: 15789: 15762: 15699: 15655: 15619: 15584: 15549: 15522: 15469: 15407: 15381: 15354: 15326: 15311:Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 15297: 15278: 15160: 15008: 14960: 14337:10.2165/00003088-199121020-00003 13943:"Progesterone and breast cancer" 13310: 13261: 13133:10.1097/00042192-200007040-00006 12234:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01751.x 12004:Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 11028:Muss HB, Cruz JM (August 1992). 10983: 10940: 10837: 10785: 10736: 10717: 10692: 10673: 10622: 10566:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.004 10540: 10505: 10483:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00582.x 10461: 10405:10.1097/00001648-200209000-00015 10330: 10192: 9999:10.2165/00003495-198325060-00003 9955:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04148.x 8845:The Harriet Lane Handbook E-Book 8631:NHS Clinical Knowledge Summaries 8504:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00671.x 7709:. Waveland Press. pp. 63–. 7138:. JP Medical Ltd. pp. 39–. 6956:. New York: Wiley. p. 204. 6885:Genazzani AR (15 January 1993). 6240:medication for the treatment of 5916: 5801: 5595: 5575: 5555: 5538:MPA levels with 2.5 or 5 mg/day 5531: 5160:is not entirely clear. However, 4312: 4303: 4294: 4285: 4263: 4246: 4235: 3596:is only 0.4 to 0.5 mg/day. 3082: 1567: 1520:Reduced endometrial cancer risk. 1365: 1352: 1212:in men and is used as a form of 1051:. Use is not recommended during 968:type. It is used as a method of 818: 74: 56: 47: 27:Injectable form of birth control 22161:Segesterone acetate (nestorone) 22053:19-Norprogesterone derivatives: 21706:6α-Methyl-17α-bromoprogesterone 21212:Segesterone acetate (nestorone) 20825:Cyclic ketals (16,17-cyclized): 20702:Meprednisone (methylprednisone) 20624:Fluprednidene (fluprednylidene) 20173:Fludrocortisone (fludrocortone) 19974:9α-Fluorocortisone (alfluorone) 19944:Tooltip Glucocorticoid receptor 18053:19-Nortestosterone derivatives: 17229:Oral contraceptive formulations 17012:Dronabinol/Tetrahydrocannabinol 16623:19-Nortestosterone derivatives: 16555:19-Norprogesterone derivatives: 15861:Contraceptive Technology Update 15799:The New Zealand Medical Journal 15119:. Humana Press. pp. 126–. 14573:Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 14190:10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.01.001 13434:Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 13200:Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 13164:Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 11839:. Academic Press. p. 114. 11679:. In Horsky J, Presl K (eds.). 11455:10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.09.014 10749:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases 9678: 9637: 9583: 9224: 8872:Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs 8759: 8585: 8553: 8527: 8443: 8347:International Journal of Cancer 7949: 7182: 7152: 6853:Sweetman, Sean C., ed. (2009). 6542:10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.11.013 6138:National Women's Health Network 5931:in the following formulations: 5907: 5641:List of steroidal antiandrogens 5481:remains moist and creased. The 5358:corticosteroid-binding globulin 5339: 5156:of their beneficial effects on 4873:3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4864:MPA has been found to act as a 4659:Tooltip glucocorticoid receptor 4581:walls, which may contribute to 3511:Tooltip glucocorticoid receptor 3327:Tooltip Glucocorticoid receptor 3203: 3155: 3030: 2187: 2156:volume, and within three days, 2076: 2051:(a hormonally sensitive tumour) 1120: 915:Key:PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 22314:Norethisterone (norethindrone) 22091:Fluoro furanyl norprogesterone 21711:15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate 21658:Retroprogesterone derivatives: 21082:15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate 21003:Triamcinolone acetonide esters 20411:Beclometasone (beclomethasone) 20008:Cortifen (cortiphen, kortifen) 19964:3α,5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone 19068:15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate 18959:OPK-88004 (LY-2452473, TT-701) 16654:Norethisterone (norethindrone) 16499:Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate 16423:Retroprogesterone derivatives: 15021:. Pergamon. pp. 469, 542. 14881:Food Drug Cosmetic Law Journal 14218:. ConnectiveRx. Archived from 13247:10.1080/00365599.1988.11690377 11279:10.1016/j.steroids.2006.05.009 10168:"Pharmacology of Progestogens" 9650:Annual Review of Public Health 9455:Handbook of Neuroendocrinology 9200:Aronson JK (15 October 2015). 8124:Trussell J, Vaughan B (1999). 7671:. Springer. pp. 827–886. 7232:10.1002/14651858.CD000402.pub4 7132:Gunasheela S (14 March 2011). 6387: 5993: 5890: 5847:Tooltip Japanese Accepted Name 5667:. Specifically, it is the 17α- 5606:of MPA (Depo-SubQ Provera) in 5422: 5312:of MPA has also been studied. 4989:receptor allosteric modulation 4860:Neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor 4371:hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal 4367:hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal 3647:penetration by changes in the 3609:gonadotropin-releasing hormone 3002: 1804:Quality and Outcomes Framework 1620:Uniform Contraceptive Labeling 1111:progestogen-only birth control 824: 812: 394: 13: 1: 23194:Hormonal antineoplastic drugs 23085:Receptor/signaling modulators 22392:11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 22056:17α-Methyl-19-norprogesterone 21558:Tooltip Progesterone receptor 21485:Receptor/signaling modulators 21402:Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile 21224:Nonsteroidal glucocorticoids: 20389:16α-Methyl-11-oxoprednisolone 19866:Receptor/signaling modulators 18623:17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol 18618:17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol 18061:11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 17137:Melanin-concentrating hormone 16847:Tooltip Progesterone receptor 16397:Tooltip Progesterone receptor 16316:10.1016/S0195-5616(02)00130-4 16031:Controversies in Uro-Oncology 15982:The Year Book of Drug Therapy 15838:10.1016/S1054-139X(94)00060-R 15451:The New York Times on the Web 15287:Economic and Political Weekly 15167:Louisiana State Legislature. 14503:Journal of Controlled Release 13806:Weizman A (1 February 2008). 13719:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00033-7 13623:10.1016/s1043-2760(01)00503-3 13491:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95730-3 13056:10.1016/s0022-3476(71)80191-9 12985:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)42970-5 12879:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3077 12795:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48326-3 11648:Labhart A (6 December 2012). 11546:10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70120-1 11231:10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00109-4 10915:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31288-7 10761:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71052-7 10175:J Reproduktionsmed Endokrinol 10088:10.1080/13697137.2018.1446931 9430:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00024-9 9379:10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00136-7 9138:10.1016/s0010-7824(78)80019-5 8464:10.1016/S0010-7824(02)00340-2 8353:(2): 186–90. September 1991. 7847:10.1016/S0010-7824(03)00136-7 6760:"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate" 6701:J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol 6337: 6203:therapy for the treatment of 6053:. The original manufacturer, 6006:Economic and Political Weekly 5976: 5363: 5263: 5105:negative allosteric modulator 5026:positive allosteric modulator 4427:estrogen-dependent conditions 4411:androgen-dependent conditions 3472:Tooltip progesterone receptor 3291:Tooltip Progesterone receptor 1809: 1675: 23169:Anabolic–androgenic steroids 23100:Estrogen receptor modulators 23095:Androgen receptor modulators 22482:Ethylestrenol (ethylnandrol) 22412:19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone 22294:Lynestrenol phenylpropionate 22187:17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone 22086:Fluoro ethyl norprogesterone 22061:18-Methylsegesterone acetate 21961:Medroxyprogesterone caproate 21591:9α-Bromo-11-ketoprogesterone 20515:Dexamethasone (dexametasone) 20423:Betamethasone (betametasone) 19876:Estrogen receptor modulators 19323:Trimethyltrienolone (R-2956) 18695:Lynestrenol phenylpropionate 18083:19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone 16766:Anabolic–androgenic steroids 16494:Hydroxyprogesterone caproate 16117:. CRC Press. pp. 296–. 15927:. Raven Press. p. 154. 15641:10.1016/0010-7824(95)00215-V 15605:10.1016/0010-7824(92)90052-U 15570:10.1016/0010-7824(94)00007-J 15361:Boscoe M (6 December 1991). 14946:. Elsevier. pp. 1501–. 14725:10.1016/0010-7824(80)90105-5 14585:10.1016/0022-4731(76)90167-9 14550:10.1016/0378-5173(89)90162-2 14515:10.1016/0168-3659(87)90092-7 14467:10.1016/0960-0760(91)90293-e 14427:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90033-7 14144:10.1016/0378-5122(94)90129-5 14100:10.1016/0039-128X(75)90082-3 14061:10.1016/0010-7824(76)90099-8 13912:10.3109/13697137.2013.800038 13839:. CRC Press. pp. 292–. 13777:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90089-c 13446:10.1016/0022-4731(82)90122-4 13212:10.1016/0022-4731(90)90119-d 13176:10.1016/0022-4731(90)90118-c 12904:The Abnormal Menstrual Cycle 12120:. CRC Press. pp. 105–. 11909:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90029-9 11874:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90033-7 11689:10.1007/978-94-009-8195-9_11 11047:10.1093/annonc/3.suppl_3.S15 11004:10.1016/0010-7824(92)90053-V 10961:10.1016/0020-7292(82)90044-3 10812:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001778 10607:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318188d1ec 10238:Food and Drug Administration 9904:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003135 9485:. ACP Press. pp. 379–. 8780:10.1097/GCO.0b013e3283081ae9 8133:Family Planning Perspectives 8064:Food and Drug Administration 7677:10.1007/978-3-642-74612-3_35 7549:10.1016/0305-7372(88)90003-5 6295:MPA has been used to reduce 6180:, was studied in women as a 6051:Food and Drug Administration 5618: 5443:. Less than 3% of a dose is 5354:sex hormone-binding globulin 5317:intramuscular administration 5090:MPA shares some of the same 4957:from 3β-HSD II, other human 4821:vascular smooth muscle cells 4525:Unlike the related steroids 4512:sex hormone-binding globulin 4447:benign prostatic hyperplasia 4399:sex hormone-binding globulin 3992:Dose for specific uses (mg) 3617:follicle-stimulating hormone 3118:Food and Drug Administration 3044:Food and Drug Administration 2380:Tooltip Conjugated estrogens 2352:Tooltip conjugated estrogens 2142:androgen deprivation therapy 1816:bioidentical hormone therapy 1483:Advantages and disadvantages 1234:benign prostatic hyperplasia 1203:pharmaceutical manufacturing 7: 22520:nandrolone phenylpropionate 22462:Dimethandrolone undecanoate 21956:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 21921:Hydroxyprogesterone acetate 21801:Chlormethenmadinone acetate 21458:Antisense oligonucleotides: 21167:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20878:Desonide disodium phosphate 20678:Locicortolone (locicortone) 19871:Androgens and antiandrogens 19642:Ralaniten acetate (EPI-506) 19058:7α-Thiomethylspironolactone 18773:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 18135:Dimethandrolone undecanoate 17946:Dihydromethylandrostenediol 17737:Androstenediol dipropionate 17536:Fertility awareness methods 17024:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 16924:Estrogens and antiestrogens 16919:Androgens and antiandrogens 16504:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 16489:Hydroxyprogesterone acetate 16464:Chlormethenmadinone acetate 15665:Cancer Causes & Control 15207:. CRC Press. pp. 73–. 15064:Levitt JI (30 April 2015). 14757:Elks J (14 November 2014). 14653:10.1007/978-1-4613-2241-2_4 14246:Annals of Internal Medicine 14015:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.011 13836:Pharmacotherapy of Cachexia 13009:Annals of Internal Medicine 11944:10.1007/978-1-4613-2241-2_4 11411:Blum RW (22 October 2013). 9265:. Elsevier. pp. 211–. 9054:King SR (9 November 2012). 7008:Hormone Replacement Therapy 6713:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.013 6310: 6266:tumor necrosis factor alpha 6242:autoimmune hemolytic anemia 6212:male hormonal contraceptive 6151: 5807:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 5687:hydroxyprogesterone acetate 5061:cognitive/memory impairment 4967:17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase 4746:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 4585:effects of MPA and risk of 4391:adrenocorticotropic hormone 4318:Usually dosed once monthly. 4291:Duration of action in days. 3893:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 3745:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 3412:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 3103: 3073: 2927:medroxyprogesterone acetate 2440: 2437:Tooltip Confidence interval 2429: 2419: 2409: 2406:Tooltip Confidence interval 2398: 2388: 1347:pelvic inflammatory disease 1298:and does not interact with 1145:women to treat and prevent 976:. It is also used to treat 938:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 41:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 10: 23250: 23224:Feminizing hormone therapy 22177:6,6-Difluoronorethisterone 21407:Relacorilant (CORT-125134) 21377:Miricorilant (CORT-118335) 20578:Flumetasone (flumethasone) 20493:Cormetasone (cormethasone) 20399:Alclometasone dipropionate 17961:Dihydrotestosterone esters 17914:11-Ketodihydrotestosterone 17727:Androstenediol 17β-acetate 17707:11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione 17692:4,17α-Dimethyltestosterone 16207:Expert Opin Investig Drugs 16076:British Journal of Urology 15599:(4): 299–312. April 1992. 15173:Louisiana Revised Statutes 15035:Breast Cancer Epidemiology 14678:J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 14258:10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-476 13286:10.1136/bmj.301.6747.345-a 13021:10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-817 12637:Deutsch M (17 June 2016). 11769:Ferin J (September 1972). 11718:. de Gruyter. p. 49. 11675:Horský J, Presl J (1981). 10446:10.1001/archpedi.159.2.139 8869:Tiziani AP (1 June 2013). 8717:Cirigliano M (June 2007). 7907:Trussell J (August 2004). 7506:10.1177/030089167906500507 6234:University of Pennsylvania 5920: 5765:. MPA in combination with 5728: 5633:List of progestogen esters 5622: 5455:Level–effect relationships 5441:intravenous administration 5216:MPA weakly stimulates the 5152:at very high dosages, the 5024:and 3α- and 3β-HSD), is a 5016:(catalyzed by the enzymes 4996:, via transformation into 4891:, and DHT into inhibitory 4853: 4850:Steroidogenesis inhibition 4300:Usually given for 14 days. 3944:endometrial transformation 3246:mineralocorticoid receptor 3160:MPA increases the risk of 2283:menopausal hormone therapy 2215:menopausal hormone therapy 2081:In women, the most common 2022:for over 20 years or with 1987:Conditions of concern for 1918:Multiple risk factors for 1842: 1583:Prior to 2004, Trussell's 1423:Failure rates (first year) 1265:feminizing hormone therapy 1139:menopausal hormone therapy 974:menopausal hormone therapy 802:Chemical and physical data 557:phenanthren-17-yl] acetate 508:Tooltip aqueous suspension 29: 23077: 23057: 23001: 22976: 22858: 22703: 22582:Spirolactone derivatives: 22452:Dimethandrolone buciclate 22173:Testosterone derivatives: 21941:Mecigestone (pentarane B) 21771:Bromethenmadinone acetate 21661:20α-Dihydrodydrogesterone 21573:Progesterone derivatives: 21565: 21551: 21477: 21450: 21337:Exicorilant (CORT-125281) 21277: 21240: 20568:Doxibetasol (doxybetasol) 20265:Methylprednisolone esters 20250:Mazipredone (depersolone) 20030:Δ-Prednisolone 21-acetate 19951: 19937: 19858: 19748: 19739: 19037: 18826: 18765:Progesterone derivatives: 18556:5α-Dihydronorethandrolone 18125:Dimethandrolone buciclate 17955:androstanolone, stanolone 17951:Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 17909:7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone 17798:Cloxotestosterone acetate 17722:Androstenediol 3β-acetate 17674:Testosterone derivatives: 17666: 17659:Tooltip Androgen receptor 17652: 17609: 17578: 17549: 17531:Calendar (rhythm) methods 17514: 17507: 17484: 17444: 17406: 17384: 17356: 17316: 17307: 17282: 17237: 17201: 17092: 16982: 16875: 16840: 16812: 16803: 16753:Spirolactone derivatives: 16600:Testosterone derivatives: 16408:Progesterone derivatives: 16375: 16254:Molecular Neuropsychiatry 16219:10.1517/13543784.13.4.373 16070:Newling DW (March 1997). 15867:(1): 11–4. January 1995. 15445:Leary WE (October 1992). 15032:Li C (11 November 2009). 14994:Bolivar De Lee J (1966). 14763:. Springer. p. 657. 14325:Clinical Pharmacokinetics 13577:10.1016/j.nbd.2007.12.001 13397:10.1080/13697130500148875 13094:10.3109/01443619209045611 13044:The Journal of Pediatrics 12941:. Elsevier. p. 283. 12350:10.1080/10720169608400122 12296:World Health Organization 11379:10.3109/00016348409154654 10594:Obstetrics and Gynecology 10265:World Health Organization 10134:10.1007/s11154-011-9182-4 9891:Obstetrics and Gynecology 9799:10.1007/s11154-011-9178-0 9749:10.1024/0301-1526/a000726 9691:Obstetrics and Gynecology 9590:Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, 9561:10.1016/j.tem.2004.06.006 8935:Accessed 13 October 2009. 8726:Journal of Women's Health 7958:Obstetrics and Gynecology 7799:10.1007/s00404-007-0497-z 7315:10.3109/13697130903550250 7005:Meikle AW (1 June 1999). 6978:World Health Organization 6954:Drug discovery: a history 6919:Roberts SM (7 May 2013). 6492:10.1080/13697130500148875 6258:proinflammatory cytokines 6188:once every three months. 6115:National Cancer Institute 6035:A controversy erupted in 5999:Outside the United States 5586:of MPA (Depo-Provera) in 5566:of MPA (Depo-Provera) in 5550:) in postmenopausal women 5517:Time–concentration curves 5190:proinflammatory cytokines 5186:ventromedial hypothalamus 4856:Steroidogenesis inhibitor 4807: 4642:Tooltip Thrombin receptor 4514:(SHBG) production by the 4226: 4170: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3934: 3758: 3498:Tooltip estrogen receptor 3485:Tooltip androgen receptor 3453: 3315:Tooltip Estrogen receptor 3303:Tooltip Androgen receptor 3056:World Health Organization 2917: 2866:Peripheral artery disease 2447:Tooltip Attributable risk 2416:Tooltip Attributable risk 2367: 2354:0.625 mg/day p.o. + 2336: 2331: 2328: 2279:Women's Health Initiative 2227:Women's Health Initiative 2140:. When used as a form of 1825:sporadic vaginal bleeding 1560:and forms a long-lasting 1537: 1532: 1524: 1514: 1506: 1498: 1487: 1482: 1474: 1466: 1458: 1448: 1443: 1435: 1427: 1422: 1404: 1394: 1386: 1378: 1373: 1364: 1359: 1319:primary biliary cirrhosis 1249:hormone-dependent cancers 1228:, including in convicted 982:abnormal uterine bleeding 923: 898: 878: 868: 846: 833: 806: 801: 782: 750: 730: 710: 690: 670: 650: 630: 610: 585: 565: 545: 540: 523: 487: 458: 444: 434: 426: 371: 366: 321: 293: 267: 241: 227: 209: 197: 187: 69: 64: 55: 46: 22735:5α-Dihydronorethisterone 22730:5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel 22640:3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide 22407:19-Nor-5-androstenedione 22327:norethisterone enanthate 22283:levonorgestrel butanoate 20806:Ulobetasol (halobetasol) 20047:Chloroprednisone acetate 19969:5α-Dihydrocorticosterone 19571:-Butylbenzenesulfonamide 18758:5α-Dihydronorethisterone 18753:5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel 18715:norethisterone enanthate 18684:levonorgestrel butanoate 18561:5α-Dihydronormethandrone 18414:Mebolazine (dimethazine) 18404:Desoxymethyltestosterone 18345:Methandriol dipropionate 18142:LS-1727 (nandrolone 17β- 18078:19-Nor-5-androstenedione 17936:Dihydroethyltestosterone 17732:Androstenediol diacetate 16664:Norethisterone enanthate 15777:(4): 77–8. August 1973. 14883:(42). Chicago: 567–587. 14828:adisinsight.springer.com 13707:Psychoneuroendocrinology 12664:Vancouver Coastal Health 12300:WHO Model Formulary 2008 11969:Urologia Internationalis 11836:Sex Hormone Pharmacology 11597:Lehrbuch der Gynäkologie 10724:AVAC (27 January 2015). 10355:10.1136/bmj.308.6923.247 9549:Trends Endocrinol. Metab 8681:10.3810/pgm.2009.01.1949 8415:Contraceptive technology 8188:Contraceptive Technology 8099:Contraceptive Technology 8095:"Contraceptive Efficacy" 8024:Contraceptive Technology 8019:"Contraceptive Efficacy" 7987:Contraceptive Technology 7879:Contraceptive Technology 7766:15 February 2017 at the 7735:Contraceptive technology 6214:in combination with the 5725:but was never marketed. 4150:Norethisterone enanthate 4086:Hydroxyprogest. caproate 3227:glucocorticoid receptors 1763:functional ovarian cysts 1323:chronic active hepatitis 201:MPA; DMPA; Methylhydroxy 30:Not to be confused with 23029:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone 22765:Metapristone (RU-42633) 22546:Trenbolone (trienolone) 22402:19-Nor-5-androstenediol 22202:Chloroethynylnorgestrel 22116:Gestronol (gestonorone) 22046:Triamcinolone acetonide 22001:Methenmadinone caproate 21876:Fluorometholone acetate 21621:20β-Dihydroprogesterone 21616:20α-Dihydroprogesterone 21606:16α-Hydroxyprogesterone 21500:List of corticosteroids 21362:Metapristone (RU-42633) 21087:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone 20993:Triamcinolone acetonide 20799:Triamcinolone diacetate 20746:Paramethasone phosphate 20549:Diflucortolone valerate 20544:Diflucortolone pivalate 20190:Fluorometholone acetate 20178:Fludrocortisone acetate 20076:Corticosterone benzoate 19928:Glucocorticoid receptor 19702:Topilutamide (fluridil) 19063:11α-Hydroxyprogesterone 18073:19-Nor-5-androstenediol 17973:Drostanolone propionate 17446:Emergency Contraception 17122:Cortisol/Hydrocortisone 15985:. Year Book Publishers. 15677:10.1023/A:1024910808307 14377:Mishell DR (May 1996). 13565:Neurobiology of Disease 12972:Fertility and Sterility 12831:10.1023/A:1018730519839 12782:Fertility and Sterility 11181:Molecular Endocrinology 10553:Fertility and Sterility 10526:10.1067/mob.2002.122420 9288:Int J Fertil Womens Med 9259:Lobo RA (5 June 2007). 8931:10 October 2008 at the 8593:"Sexual Health Ruleset" 7572:Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol 7089:World J Pharm Pharm Sci 6283:symptoms in women with 6186:intramuscular injection 6166:polyestradiol phosphate 5717:analogue of MPA and an 5665:17α-hydroxyprogesterone 5584:intramuscular injection 5564:intramuscular injection 4834:glucocorticoid receptor 4549:Glucocorticoid activity 4489:liver protein synthesis 4397:, as well as levels of 4064:Hydroxyprogest. acetate 3035:DMPA may cause reduced 2382:0.625 mg/day p.o.) 2007:Current and history of 1969:, severe decompensated 1873:intramuscular injection 1829:endometrial hyperplasia 1768:Decreased incidence of 1753:Decreased incidence of 1719:hormonal contraceptives 1694:. No increased risk of 1614:Adopted in 1998 by the 1163:endometrial hyperplasia 1117:million prescriptions. 1006:injection into a muscle 988:, and certain types of 284:intramuscular injection 23234:Hormonal contraception 23014:5β-Dihydroprogesterone 23009:5α-Dihydroprogesterone 22615:SC-5233 (spirolactone) 22422:Bolandiol dipropionate 22323:norethisterone acetate 21996:Methenmadinone acetate 21791:Chlormadinone caproate 21751:Algestone acetophenide 21731:17α-Methylprogesterone 21666:20α-Dihydrotrengestone 21601:11-Deoxycorticosterone 21596:11-Dehydroprogesterone 21581:5α-Dihydroprogesterone 21576:3β-Dihydroprogesterone 21392:ORG-34517 (SCH-900636) 21292:17α-Methylprogesterone 20939:Fluocinolone acetonide 20695:Meclorisone dibutyrate 20644:Fluticasone propionate 20486:Cloticasone propionate 20214:Fluprednisolone esters 20144:Dichlorisone diacetate 20071:Corticosterone acetate 19587:-Desmethylenzalutamide 19293:SC-5233 (spirolactone) 18711:norethisterone acetate 18350:Methandriol propionate 18221:Trenbolone undecanoate 18093:Bolandiol dipropionate 17941:Dihydrofluoxymesterone 17904:5α-Androst-2-en-17-one 17759:Boldenone undecylenate 17366:Multi-month injections 17309:Hormonal contraception 17273:Levonorgestrel implant 17239:Long-acting reversible 17112:Agouti-related peptide 16659:Norethisterone acetate 16519:Methenmadinone acetate 15537:(1): 2. January 1977. 15015:Fínkelstein M (1966). 14861:US granted 3377364 14802:10.3816/CBC.2008.s.011 14645:Contraceptive Steroids 14639:Goebelsmann U (1986). 13680:10.1210/jcem.84.6.5646 13531:10.1210/jc.2003-032086 12710:10.1089/trgh.2017.0035 12547:Clinical Endocrinology 12481:10.1530/acta.0.0690385 12446:10.1530/acta.0.0950265 12221:Clinical Endocrinology 12016:10.1055/s-2008-1036893 11930:Goebelsmann U (1986). 11742:Pschyrembel W (1968). 11194:10.1210/mend.13.3.0255 10471:Clinical Endocrinology 10042:10.1055/s-0039-1677806 9615:10.1001/jama.288.3.321 9525:10.1001/jama.287.5.591 8359:10.1002/ijc.2910490207 7669:Hair and Hair Diseases 7643:Advances in Pediatrics 6584:. 2015. Archived from 5790:-related pelvic pain. 5719:angiogenesis inhibitor 5637:Steroidal antiandrogen 5604:subcutaneous injection 5378:subcutaneous injection 5346:plasma protein binding 5006:5β-dihydroprogesterone 5002:5α-dihydroprogesterone 4965:(P450scc/CYP11A1) and 4919:of 0.2 μM and a K 4587:venous thromboembolism 4437:and other symptoms of 4343:, 10 × 20 mg for 4258:subcutaneous injection 4020:Algestone acetophenide 3611:(GnRH) release by the 3601:follicular development 3594:norethisterone acetate 3536:Progestogenic activity 3009:venous thromboembolism 2962:coronary heart disease 2538:Venous thromboembolism 2454:Coronary heart disease 2271:cardiovascular disease 2244:coronary heart disease 2009:ischemic heart disease 1923:cardiovascular disease 1877:subcutaneous injection 1746:Decreased symptoms of 1733:iron deficiency anemia 1558:subcutaneous injection 1550:hormonal birth control 1339:irregular menstruation 1021:menstrual disturbances 316:Steroidal antiandrogen 288:subcutaneous injection 22770:Mifepristone (RU-486) 22319:Norethisterone esters 22279:Levonorgestrel esters 22227:Ethinylandrostenediol 22031:Pentagestrone acetate 21916:Hydromadinone acetate 21786:Chlormadinone acetate 21721:17α-Bromoprogesterone 21586:6α-Methylprogesterone 21542:Progesterone receptor 21372:Mifepristone (RU-486) 21097:Chlormadinone acetate 21092:Bromoketoprogesterone 21050:Nicocortonide acetate 20981:Rofleponide palmitate 20900:Drocinonide phosphate 20868:Descinolone acetonide 20863:Deflazacort (azacort) 20811:Ulobetasol propionate 20775:Ticabesone propionate 20736:Paramethasone acetate 20629:Fluprednidene acetate 20532:Diflorasone diacetate 20450:Clobetasol propionate 20370:Butixocort propionate 20238:Isoflupredone acetate 20156:Endrisone (endrysone) 20103:Hydrocortisone esters 19579:-Desmethylapalutamide 19108:Chlormadinone acetate 19053:7α-Thiospironolactone 18924:LGD-2941 (LGD-122941) 18914:LG121071 (LGD-121071) 18788:3-Keto-5α-abiraterone 18768:6α-Methylprogesterone 18707:Norethisterone esters 18680:Levonorgestrel esters 18596:Ethinylandrostenediol 18446:Methyl-1-testosterone 18366:+esterified estrogens 18340:Methandriol diacetate 18005:Mesterolone cipionate 17687:4-Hydroxytestosterone 17494:Vaginal pH modulation 17471:Low-dose mifepristone 17371:Progestogen-only pill 17265:Contraceptive implant 16529:Pentagestrone acetate 16459:Chlormadinone acetate 15508:Multinational Monitor 14301:10.1210/jc.2018-02253 13959:10.1210/endrev/bnz001 13351:10.1007/s001980200080 12516:10.1300/J056v05n04_03 11833:Brotherton J (1976). 9685:Buist DS, Newton KM, 8738:10.1089/jwh.2006.0311 8669:Postgraduate Medicine 7787:Arch. Gynecol. Obstet 7467:. pp. 281–284]. 7267:"Medroxyprogesterone" 7160:"The Top 300 of 2021" 5755:recurrent miscarriage 5691:chlormadinone acetate 5384:of MPA is mainly via 5370:elimination half-life 5310:Rectal administration 4879:is essential for the 4567:adrenal insufficiency 3850:Chlormadinone acetate 3546:progesterone receptor 3369:Chlormadinone acetate 3254:antimineralocorticoid 2363:2.5 mg/day p.o.) 1821:elimination half-life 1708:myocardial infarction 1572:Trussell's estimated 1072:progesterone receptor 496:By mouth: 12–33 hours 23105:List of progestogens 22605:Potassium canrenoate 22559:trenbolone enanthate 22541:Tetrahydrogestrinone 22516:nandrolone decanoate 22492:Metribolone (R-1881) 22373:Quingestanol acetate 22304:Metynodiol diacetate 21986:Melengestrol acetate 21886:Flumedroxone acetate 21831:Clomegestone acetate 21217:Tetrahydrogestrinone 21057:Nivacortol (nivazol) 20707:Meprednisone acetate 20617:Fluocortolone esters 20588:Flumetasone pivalate 20520:Dexamethasone esters 20462:Clobetasone butyrate 20428:Betamethasone esters 20416:Beclometasone esters 20338:Pregnenolone acetate 20277:Prebediolone acetate 20139:Dichlorisone acetate 20127:Deprodone propionate 19996:Desoxycortone esters 19268:Potassium canrenoate 18736:Quingestanol acetate 18546:Tetrahydrogestrinone 18434:Metenolone enanthate 18260:5α-Dihydrotrestolone 18255:5α-Dihydronandrolone 18243:Trestolone enanthate 18211:Trenbolone enanthate 18177:Norclostebol acetate 17786:Clostebol propionate 17526:Breastfeeding method 17436:Contraceptive sponge 17320:estrogen–progestogen 17269:Etonogestrel implant 16929:List of progestogens 16699:Quingestanol acetate 16514:Melengestrol acetate 16484:Flumedroxone acetate 16141:Nieschlag E (2010). 15018:Research on Steroids 14824:"FMPA - AdisInsight" 14690:10.1210/jcem-44-1-32 14389:(5 Suppl): 381–390. 12615:10.1210/jc.2007-1809 12469:Acta Endocrinologica 12434:Acta Endocrinologica 11773:. In Tausk M (ed.). 10231:(17 November 2004). 8573:on 20 September 2009 8283:10.1055/s-2001-18641 7396:"The chemical knife" 6156:DMPA was studied by 6122:developing countries 6015:class-action lawsuit 5851:medrossiprogesterone 5813:of the drug and its 5625:List of progestogens 5352:and is not bound to 5140:Appetite stimulation 5067:in the treatment of 4435:bone mineral density 4107:Medroxyprog. acetate 4042:Gestonorone caproate 3631:levels. Progestogen 3268:of these receptors. 3258:intrinsic activities 3017:fibrinolytic factors 2923:conjugated estrogens 2426:Tooltip Hazard ratio 2395:Tooltip Hazard ratio 2184:first year of life. 1929:deep vein thrombosis 1881:conjugated estrogens 1755:primary dysmenorrhea 1696:deep vein thrombosis 1591:failure rate: 0.3%. 1499:Period disadvantages 193:Depo-Provera, others 23179:Appetite stimulants 22259:Etynodiol diacetate 22126:Nomegestrol acetate 22101:Gestadienol acetate 21951:Medroxyprogesterone 21851:Delmadinone acetate 21841:Cyproterone acetate 21811:Cismadinone acetate 21796:Chlormethenmadinone 21746:Algestone acetonide 21327:Cyproterone acetate 21117:Delmadinone acetate 21107:Cyproterone acetate 20932:Flunisolide acetate 20639:Fluticasone furoate 20583:Flumetasone acetate 20498:Cormetasone acetate 20474:Clocortolone esters 20377:Tixocortol pivalate 20314:Prednisolone esters 20202:Fluperolone acetate 20013:Cortodoxone acetate 19791:Dihydrotestosterone 19786:Dehydroandrosterone 19637:Ralaniten (EPI-002) 19518:Inocoterone acetate 19243:Nomegestrol acetate 19143:Delmadinone acetate 19133:Cyproterone acetate 19078:Abiraterone acetate 19048:7α-Thioprogesterone 18658:Etynodiol diacetate 17862:Testosterone esters 17805:Dehydroandrosterone 17702:11-Ketotestosterone 17561:Non-penetrative sex 17553:vaginal intercourse 17518:vaginal intercourse 17338:Contraceptive patch 17333:Extended cycle Pill 17250:Intrauterine device 17214:Male contraceptives 16971:Appetite stimulants 16644:Etynodiol diacetate 16566:Nomegestrol acetate 16474:Delmadinone acetate 16469:Cyproterone acetate 16310:(2): 365–404, vii. 15888:Obstet Gynecol Surv 15750:on 21 November 2015 15714:(5 Suppl): 419–27. 15318:(1). Archived from 15179:on 15 November 2019 14796:(Suppl 4): S151–6. 14790:Clin. Breast Cancer 13391:. 8 Suppl 1: 3–63. 12935:(20 January 2009). 11449:(Suppl 1): S7–S16. 10858:on 30 January 2015. 10713:on 30 January 2015. 10688:on 30 January 2015. 10245:on 21 December 2005 9697:(5 Pt 1): 1042–50. 9031:. 1 December 2009. 8093:Trussell J (2007). 8074:on 25 February 2007 8016:Trussell J (1998). 6652:"depo-subQ Provera" 6591:on 11 February 2017 6270:mechanism of action 6193:cyproterone acetate 6089:Animal testing for 5864:médroxyprogestérone 5797:Society and culture 5707:nomegestrol acetate 5695:cyproterone acetate 5676:medroxyprogesterone 5461:luteinizing hormone 5398:medroxyprogesterone 5308:instead of orally. 5278:oral administration 5154:mechanism of action 5150:appetite stimulants 5069:catamenial epilepsy 4961:enzymes, including 4889:deoxycorticosterone 4626: 4531:cyproterone acetate 4478:dihydrotestosterone 4454:Androgenic activity 4439:estrogen deficiency 4365:MPA suppresses the 3982: 3872:Cyproterone acetate 3773: 3730:Medroxyprogesterone 3665: 3621:luteinizing hormone 3574:veterinary medicine 3562:medroxyprogesterone 3391:Cyproterone acetate 3273: 3262:dihydrotestosterone 3174:menopausal symptoms 3150:withdrawal bleeding 3087:MPA may be used by 2992:from other causes. 2947:confidence interval 2814:Stress incontinence 2788:Gallbladder disease 2325: 2162:adrenal suppression 2158:chemical castration 1989:estrogen deficiency 1893:estradiol cypionate 1781:antiepileptic drugs 1717:(compared to other 1337:) can occur as can 1214:chemical castration 1179:menstrual disorders 1147:menopausal symptoms 962:hormonal medication 960:among others, is a 390:(Prescription only) 43: 23214:Progestogen esters 22805:Ulipristal acetate 22745:Asoprisnil ecamate 22725:Dihydroethisterone 22575:Trestolone acetate 22555:trenbolone acetate 22472:Dimethyltrienolone 22066:19-Norprogesterone 22011:Mometasone furoate 21976:Megestrol caproate 21866:Flugestone acetate 21821:Clogestone acetate 21776:Butagest (buterol) 21761:Anagestone acetate 21437:Ulipristal acetate 21307:Asoprisnil ecamate 20787:Timobesone acetate 20724:Mometasone furoate 20260:Methylprednisolone 20059:Cloprednol acetate 18628:Dihydroethisterone 18491:Dimethyltrienolone 18451:Methylepitiostanol 18429:Metenolone acetate 18362:Methyltestosterone 18265:19-Norandrosterone 18238:Trestolone acetate 18206:Trenbolone acetate 18150:-nitrosocarbamate) 18039:Stenbolone acetate 17929:Bolazine capronate 17781:Clostebol caproate 17461:Ulipristal acetate 17449:(Post-intercourse) 17343:Monthly injections 17102:ACTH/Corticotropin 17054:Omega-3 fatty acid 16902:Never to phase III 16832:Ulipristal acetate 16454:Anagestone acetate 16082:(Suppl 1): 72–81. 15979:Beckman H (1967). 15740:"Seeking Approval" 15369:on 5 February 2007 15258:Gordon JD (2007). 14923:Gelijns A (1991). 12698:Transgender Health 12186:10.1007/bf01806528 12144:Varney's Midwifery 11540:(5 Pt 1): 1263–9. 11040:(Suppl 3): 15–20. 11034:Annals of Oncology 10908:(10195): 303–313. 10793:N (January 2015). 10267:(September 2005). 9845:(aug07 2): e4944. 9105:on 6 February 2007 8755:on 6 January 2011. 7964:(3 Pt 2): 558–67. 7275:. 9 January 2008. 6254:ulcerative colitis 6201:high-dose estrogen 6197:diethylstilbestrol 5983:19-nortestosterone 5897:aqueous suspension 5771:oral contraceptive 5608:aqueous suspension 5588:aqueous suspension 5568:aqueous suspension 5544:estradiol valerate 5325:aqueous suspension 4596: 4559:Cushing's syndrome 4520:estradiol valerate 4497:19-nortestosterone 4482:gene transcription 4415:precocious puberty 4229:Notes and sources: 3955: 3771: 3663: 3625:anterior pituitary 3586:19-nortestosterone 3271: 2982:endometrial cancer 2970:pulmonary embolism 2622:Endometrial cancer 2510:Pulmonary embolism 2296: 2256:pulmonary embolism 2240:endometrial cancer 2047:Current or recent 1889:estradiol valerate 1869:aqueous suspension 1833:pulmonary embolism 1788:sickle cell crises 1731:Decreased risk of 1726:endometrial cancer 1724:Decreased risk of 1700:pulmonary embolism 1317:, and may improve 1308:sickle cell anemia 1281:precocious puberty 1253:endometrial cancer 1241:appetite stimulant 1086:activity and weak 1045:allergic reactions 1025:absence of periods 39: 23174:Antigonadotropins 23119: 23118: 23113: 23112: 23073: 23072: 22972: 22971: 22551:Trenbolone esters 22512:Nandrolone esters 22467:Dimethyldienolone 22076:Amadinone acetate 22021:Osaterone acetate 21971:Megestrol acetate 21766:Bromethenmadinone 21686:Retroprogesterone 21508: 21507: 21473: 21472: 21187:Osaterone acetate 21172:Megestrol acetate 20883:Desonide pivalate 20326:Prednisone esters 20115:Cortisone acetate 19894: 19893: 19854: 19853: 19824: 19817: 19810: 19803: 19735: 19734: 19258:Osaterone acetate 19218:Megestrol acetate 19083:Allyltestosterone 18859:Acetothiolutamide 18778:Megestrol acetate 18581:Vinyltestosterone 18486:Dimethyldienolone 18305:Ethyltestosterone 18233:Trestolone (MENT) 18165:Nandrolone esters 18146:-(2-chloroethyl)- 18022:Nisterime acetate 17899:3α-Androstanediol 17884:1-Androstenedione 17793:Cloxotestosterone 17776:Clostebol acetate 17697:5-Androstenedione 17643:Androgen receptor 17594: 17593: 17574: 17573: 17402: 17401: 17160: 17159: 17152:Orexin/Hypocretin 17029:Megestrol acetate 16937: 16936: 16871: 16870: 16799: 16798: 16558:17α-Hydroxylated: 16524:Osaterone acetate 16509:Megestrol acetate 16441:17α-Hydroxylated: 16266:10.1159/000480349 16124:978-1-85317-422-3 16039:10.1159/000061329 16015:978-0-12-800077-9 15934:978-0-7817-0097-9 15395:on 13 August 2006 15271:978-0-9645467-7-6 15244:978-92-832-1291-1 15214:978-1-85070-067-8 15153:978-0-7514-0499-9 15126:978-3-319-20185-6 15077:978-1-316-29840-4 15045:978-1-4419-0685-4 14967:Kolbe HK (1976). 14953:978-0-8155-1856-3 14770:978-1-4757-2085-3 14662:978-1-4613-2241-2 14622:978-1-4698-9455-3 14294:(11): 5148–5156. 14222:on 7 October 2018 13877:978-0-19-856698-4 13846:978-1-4200-4895-7 13819:978-1-4020-6854-6 13088:(sup2): S38–S44. 12948:978-0-444-53271-8 12914:978-1-84214-212-7 12755:10.1159/000475056 12673:on 16 August 2018 12559:10.1111/cen.12754 12386:978-0-89042-280-9 12317:978-92-4-154765-9 12277:978-0-19-517704-6 12154:978-1-284-02542-2 12127:978-1-84214-071-0 12100:978-3-642-73790-9 12075:14.35 ± 9.1 days. 12050:978-1-4614-0554-2 11981:10.1159/000280353 11953:978-1-4613-2241-2 11846:978-0-12-137250-7 11819:978-0-8247-8291-7 11755:978-3-11-150424-7 11698:978-94-009-8195-9 11661:978-3-642-96158-8 11634:978-3-642-95583-9 11607:978-3-662-00942-0 11580:978-1-4511-4847-3 11490:978-0-7216-0376-6 11424:978-1-4832-7738-7 11347:978-3-88763-075-1 11150:978-92-5-105195-5 9851:10.1136/bmj.e4944 9492:978-1-934465-05-9 9465:978-0-12-378554-1 9272:978-0-08-055309-2 9235:(23): 2–3. 1992. 9213:978-0-444-53716-4 9176:10.1586/eog.10.60 9067:978-1-4614-5559-2 8909:978-3-662-08110-5 8882:978-0-7295-8162-2 8855:978-0-323-11246-8 8424:978-1-59708-004-0 7744:978-1-59708-004-0 7716:978-1-4786-0976-6 7686:978-3-642-74614-7 7653:978-93-5025-777-7 7611:10.1159/000087751 7605:(Suppl 2): 31–6. 7537:Cancer Treat. Rev 7474:978-0-444-53271-8 7457:Meyler L (2009). 7402:on 7 January 2009 7145:978-93-5025-240-6 7110:on 10 August 2017 7045:978-92-4-156208-9 7018:978-1-59259-700-0 6932:978-0-12-806202-9 6898:978-1-85070-486-7 6868:978-0-85369-840-1 6486:(Suppl 1): 3–63. 6238:anti-inflammatory 6220:anabolic steroids 6172:and long-lasting 5973:to be given MPA. 5699:megestrol acetate 5629:Progestogen ester 5146:megestrol acetate 4910:3α-androstanediol 4847: 4846: 4813:Thrombin receptor 4575:thrombin receptor 4527:megestrol acetate 4493:megestrol acetate 4358: 4357: 4128:Megestrol acetate 3953: 3952: 3914:Megestrol acetate 3822: 3813: 3804: 3795: 3786: 3769: 3768: 3640:positive feedback 3633:negative feedback 3533: 3532: 3433:Megestrol acetate 3250:mineralocorticoid 3242:estrogen receptor 3182:aminoglutethimide 3130:breast tenderness 3048:black box warning 3000: 2999: 2978:colorectal cancer 2939:attributable risk 2840:Urge incontinence 2747:+19 / 10,000 PYs 2701:−53 / 10,000 PYs 2692:−47 / 10,000 PYs 2594:Colorectal cancer 2551:+18 / 10,000 PYs 2523:+10 / 10,000 PYs 2504:+12 / 10,000 PYs 2329:Clinical outcome 2221:Long-term effects 2181:ectopic pregnancy 2126:painful urination 2114:diabetes mellitus 2091:breast tenderness 1938:Migraine headache 1933:pulmonary embolus 1907:Contraindications 1741:ectopic pregnancy 1715:drug interactions 1546: 1545: 1507:Period advantages 1269:transgender women 1094:and can suppress 1076:biological target 972:and as a part of 944:), also known as 935: 934: 859:Interactive image 752:CompTox Dashboard 409: 397: 385: 308:Progestogen ester 257: 16:(Redirected from 23241: 23136: 23135: 23134: 23127: 23034:Allopregnanolone 22999: 22998: 22994: 22990: 22984: 22980: 22714: 22710: 21906:Haloprogesterone 21563: 21562: 21559: 21555: 21535: 21528: 21521: 21512: 21511: 21251: 21247: 20561:Dimesone acetate 20042:Chloroprednisone 20020:21-Deoxycortisol 19949: 19948: 19945: 19941: 19921: 19914: 19907: 19898: 19897: 19842: 19838: 19822: 19815: 19808: 19801: 19746: 19745: 19528:Ketodarolutamide 19508:Hydroxyflutamide 19465:(via metabolite 18834: 18830: 18785:Others/unsorted: 18456:Methylstenbolone 18320:Hydroxystenozole 17879:1-Androstenediol 17677:4-Androstenediol 17664: 17663: 17660: 17656: 17636: 17629: 17622: 17613: 17612: 17603:Pharmacodynamics 17598: 17597: 17512: 17511: 17358:Progestogen-only 17314: 17313: 17187: 17180: 17173: 17164: 17163: 16964: 16957: 16950: 16941: 16940: 16848: 16844: 16820: 16816: 16810: 16809: 16805:Antiprogestogens 16548:Haloprogesterone 16398: 16394: 16388: 16387: 16369:antiprogestogens 16358: 16351: 16344: 16335: 16334: 16328: 16327: 16299: 16288: 16287: 16277: 16245: 16239: 16238: 16202: 16193: 16192: 16185: 16174: 16173: 16147: 16138: 16129: 16128: 16108: 16102: 16101: 16091: 16067: 16061: 16060: 16026: 16020: 16019: 15993: 15987: 15986: 15976: 15970: 15969: 15945: 15939: 15938: 15918: 15912: 15911: 15883: 15877: 15876: 15856: 15850: 15849: 15821: 15815: 15814: 15793: 15787: 15786: 15766: 15760: 15759: 15757: 15755: 15746:. Archived from 15735: 15724: 15723: 15703: 15697: 15696: 15659: 15653: 15652: 15623: 15617: 15616: 15588: 15582: 15581: 15553: 15547: 15546: 15526: 15520: 15519: 15499: 15493: 15492: 15490: 15488: 15473: 15467: 15466: 15442: 15436: 15435: 15433: 15431: 15411: 15405: 15404: 15402: 15400: 15385: 15379: 15378: 15376: 15374: 15358: 15352: 15351: 15349: 15347: 15338: 15330: 15324: 15323: 15301: 15295: 15294: 15282: 15276: 15275: 15255: 15249: 15248: 15228: 15219: 15218: 15198: 15189: 15188: 15186: 15184: 15175:. Archived from 15164: 15158: 15157: 15137: 15131: 15130: 15110: 15104: 15103: 15091: 15082: 15081: 15061: 15050: 15049: 15029: 15023: 15022: 15012: 15006: 15005: 14991: 14985: 14984: 14982: 14975: 14964: 14958: 14957: 14937: 14931: 14930: 14920: 14914: 14913: 14895: 14889: 14888: 14876: 14870: 14869: 14868: 14864: 14857: 14851: 14850: 14849: 14845: 14838: 14832: 14831: 14820: 14814: 14813: 14785: 14779: 14778: 14754: 14737: 14736: 14708: 14702: 14701: 14673: 14667: 14666: 14636: 14627: 14626: 14606: 14597: 14596: 14568: 14562: 14561: 14533: 14527: 14526: 14498: 14487: 14486: 14461:(4–6): 697–704. 14450: 14439: 14438: 14410: 14399: 14398: 14374: 14357: 14356: 14320: 14314: 14313: 14303: 14279: 14273: 14272: 14241: 14235: 14234: 14229: 14227: 14208: 14202: 14201: 14173: 14156: 14155: 14126: 14120: 14119: 14082: 14073: 14072: 14044: 14035: 14034: 13998: 13981: 13980: 13970: 13938: 13932: 13931: 13895: 13886: 13885: 13861: 13855: 13854: 13830: 13824: 13823: 13803: 13797: 13796: 13760: 13739: 13738: 13702: 13693: 13692: 13682: 13658: 13643: 13642: 13606: 13597: 13596: 13559: 13553: 13552: 13542: 13525:(6): 2998–3006. 13510: 13504: 13503: 13493: 13484:(28): 15266–72. 13469: 13458: 13457: 13428: 13417: 13416: 13386: 13377: 13371: 13370: 13334: 13328: 13327: 13314: 13308: 13307: 13297: 13265: 13259: 13258: 13230: 13224: 13223: 13206:(1–2): 105–109. 13194: 13188: 13187: 13159: 13153: 13152: 13115: 13106: 13105: 13077: 13068: 13067: 13039: 13033: 13032: 13004: 12998: 12997: 12987: 12963: 12957: 12956: 12929: 12923: 12922: 12898: 12892: 12891: 12881: 12857: 12851: 12850: 12814: 12808: 12807: 12797: 12773: 12767: 12766: 12743:European Urology 12738: 12732: 12731: 12721: 12689: 12683: 12682: 12680: 12678: 12672: 12666:. Archived from 12661: 12652: 12646: 12645: 12643: 12634: 12628: 12627: 12617: 12593: 12587: 12586: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12499: 12493: 12492: 12464: 12458: 12457: 12428: 12422: 12421: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12371: 12362: 12361: 12333: 12322: 12321: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12236: 12212: 12206: 12205: 12168: 12159: 12158: 12138: 12132: 12131: 12111: 12105: 12104: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12061: 12055: 12054: 12034: 12028: 12027: 11999: 11993: 11992: 11964: 11958: 11957: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11892: 11886: 11885: 11857: 11851: 11850: 11830: 11824: 11823: 11803: 11797: 11796: 11766: 11760: 11759: 11739: 11733: 11732: 11709: 11703: 11702: 11672: 11666: 11665: 11645: 11639: 11638: 11618: 11612: 11611: 11591: 11585: 11584: 11564: 11558: 11557: 11529: 11520: 11519: 11501: 11495: 11494: 11473: 11467: 11466: 11438: 11429: 11428: 11408: 11399: 11398: 11362: 11356: 11355: 11332: 11299: 11298: 11262: 11251: 11250: 11213: 11207: 11206: 11196: 11172: 11159: 11158: 11134: 11128: 11127: 11117: 11093: 11087: 11086: 11071:Cancer Treat Rep 11066: 11060: 11059: 11049: 11025: 11016: 11015: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10944: 10938: 10937: 10927: 10917: 10893: 10887: 10886: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10850: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10824: 10814: 10789: 10783: 10782: 10772: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10705: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10660: 10650: 10626: 10620: 10619: 10609: 10585: 10579: 10578: 10568: 10544: 10538: 10537: 10509: 10503: 10502: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10448: 10424: 10418: 10417: 10407: 10383: 10377: 10376: 10366: 10334: 10328: 10327: 10295: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10275:. Archived from 10261: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10241:. Archived from 10225: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10196: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10172: 10163: 10154: 10153: 10117: 10108: 10107: 10071: 10062: 10061: 10025: 10019: 10018: 9982: 9976: 9975: 9957: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9916: 9906: 9882: 9873: 9872: 9862: 9830: 9819: 9818: 9782: 9769: 9768: 9732: 9723: 9722: 9682: 9676: 9675: 9665: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9600: 9587: 9581: 9580: 9544: 9538: 9537: 9527: 9503: 9497: 9496: 9479:Ryden J (2009). 9476: 9470: 9469: 9449: 9443: 9442: 9432: 9408: 9395: 9394: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9319: 9308: 9307: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9256: 9245: 9244: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9197: 9188: 9187: 9159: 9150: 9149: 9121: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9104: 9098:. Archived from 9097: 9091:(October 2004). 9085: 9076: 9075: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9021: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9003: 8997: 8991:. Archived from 8990: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8942: 8936: 8920: 8914: 8913: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8813: 8800: 8799: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8748:. Archived from 8723: 8714: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8699:. Archived from 8666: 8660:(January 2009). 8654: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8608: 8597: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8572: 8565: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8506: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8410: 8404: 8403: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8342: 8333: 8332: 8312: 8303: 8302: 8266: 8257: 8256: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8213: 8202: 8201: 8183: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8139:(2): 64–72, 93. 8130: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8073: 8067:. Archived from 8060: 8048: 8042: 8041: 8021: 8013: 8007: 8006: 7990: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7936: 7904: 7893: 7892: 7874: 7859: 7858: 7830: 7819: 7818: 7782: 7771: 7770: 7756: 7730: 7721: 7720: 7700: 7691: 7690: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7567: 7561: 7560: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7489: 7483: 7482: 7465:Elsevier Science 7454: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7433: 7421: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7398:. Archived from 7392: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7368: 7350: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7298: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7263: 7254: 7253: 7243: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7186: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7129: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7109: 7103:. Archived from 7086: 7077: 7064: 7063: 7057: 7049: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6949: 6940: 6939: 6916: 6907: 6906: 6882: 6873: 6872: 6850: 6823: 6822: 6811: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6756: 6733: 6732: 6696: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6656: 6648: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6620: 6612: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6590: 6579: 6571: 6554: 6553: 6525: 6512: 6511: 6477: 6468: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6370:nctr-crs.fda.gov 6362: 6356: 6355: 6348: 6285:bipolar disorder 6131:lost to followup 5874: 5870: 5861: 5857: 5848: 5844: 5839: 5835: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5784: 5780: 5767:ethinylestradiol 5713:(FMPA), the C9α 5701:, as well as to 5599: 5579: 5559: 5535: 5435:and 5 to 10% in 5321:microcrystalline 5294:area-under-curve 5282:radioimmunoassay 5270:pharmacokinetics 5259:Pharmacokinetics 5253:clinical studies 5182:calcium channels 5180:, modulation of 5092:metabolic routes 5010:allopregnanolone 4907: 4903: 4897:allopregnanolone 4831: 4827: 4683:Ethinylestradiol 4660: 4656: 4648: 4643: 4639: 4627: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4563:steroid diabetes 4533:, MPA is not an 4348: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4328: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4307: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4267: 4261: 4250: 4244: 4239: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3997: 3983: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3954: 3820: 3818: 3811: 3809: 3802: 3800: 3793: 3791: 3784: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3689: 3678: 3666: 3662: 3635:and the lack of 3566:binding affinity 3540:MPA is a potent 3525: 3521: 3512: 3508: 3499: 3495: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3469: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3274: 3270: 3209:Pharmacodynamics 2756:+2 / 10,000 PYs 2730:+3 / 10,000 PYs 2721:−1 / 10,000 PYs 2672:−7 / 10,000 PYs 2663:−5 / 10,000 PYs 2635:−1 / 10,000 PYs 2616:+1 / 10,000 PYs 2607:−7 / 10,000 PYs 2588:−6 / 10,000 PYs 2579:+8 / 10,000 PYs 2560:+8 / 10,000 PYs 2532:+4 / 10,000 PYs 2495:+8 / 10,000 PYs 2476:−3 / 10,000 PYs 2467:+6 / 10,000 PYs 2448: 2444: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2392: 2381: 2377: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2326: 2324: 2317: 2310: 2303: 2295: 2036:vascular disease 2003:vascular disease 1949:vaginal bleeding 1944:while using DMPA 1866:microcrystalline 1618:for its current 1418: 1369: 1357: 1356: 1116: 1002:under the tongue 931: 930: 861: 841: 826: 820: 814: 797: 786: 775: 774: 760: 758: 743: 723: 703: 683: 663: 643: 623: 603: 593: 592: 578: 518: 514: 509: 505: 500: 492: 414: 407: 404: 396: 393: 383: 380: 358: 348: 338: 312:Antigonadotropin 255: 252: 237: 223: 204: 202: 179: 175: 171: 165: 164: 161: 160: 157: 154: 151: 148: 145: 142: 138: 137: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 119: 116: 113: 110: 107: 104: 101: 98: 95: 92: 89: 86: 83: 80: 60: 51: 44: 42: 38: 21: 23249: 23248: 23244: 23243: 23242: 23240: 23239: 23238: 23204:Glucocorticoids 23144: 23143: 23142: 23132: 23130: 23122: 23120: 23115: 23114: 23109: 23069: 23053: 22992: 22985: 22982: 22968: 22854: 22712: 22705: 22699: 22526:Norethandrolone 22487:Methyldienolone 22447:Dimethandrolone 21871:Fluorometholone 21557: 21547: 21539: 21509: 21504: 21469: 21464: 21446: 21287:7α-Hydroxy-DHEA 21273: 21249: 21242: 21236: 21152:Fluoxymesterone 20209:Fluprednisolone 20185:Fluorometholone 19943: 19933: 19925: 19895: 19890: 19850: 19840: 19731: 19453:Cyanonilutamide 19382:Bavdegalutamide 19193:Epitestosterone 19033: 18864:Acetoxolutamide 18832: 18822: 18531:Norethandrolone 18506:Methyldienolone 18310:Fluoxymesterone 18120:Dimethandrolone 17980:Epiandrosterone 17658: 17648: 17640: 17605: 17595: 17590: 17570: 17551: 17545: 17516: 17503: 17480: 17448: 17440: 17421:Internal condom 17416:External condom 17408:Barrier Methods 17398: 17380: 17352: 17319: 17303: 17278: 17240: 17233: 17197: 17191: 17161: 17156: 17088: 16978: 16968: 16938: 16933: 16907: 16892:Clinical trials 16867: 16846: 16836: 16818: 16795: 16790:norethandrolone 16580:17α-Methylated: 16538:17α-Methylated: 16396: 16379: 16371: 16362: 16332: 16331: 16300: 16291: 16246: 16242: 16203: 16196: 16187: 16186: 16177: 16145: 16139: 16132: 16125: 16109: 16105: 16068: 16064: 16049: 16027: 16023: 16016: 15998:Prostate Cancer 15994: 15990: 15977: 15973: 15946: 15942: 15935: 15919: 15915: 15884: 15880: 15858: 15857: 15853: 15822: 15818: 15805:(961): 338–41. 15794: 15790: 15768: 15767: 15763: 15753: 15751: 15736: 15727: 15704: 15700: 15660: 15656: 15624: 15620: 15590: 15589: 15585: 15554: 15550: 15528: 15527: 15523: 15500: 15496: 15486: 15484: 15475: 15474: 15470: 15443: 15439: 15429: 15427: 15414: 15412: 15408: 15398: 15396: 15387: 15386: 15382: 15372: 15370: 15359: 15355: 15345: 15343: 15336: 15332: 15331: 15327: 15302: 15298: 15284: 15283: 15279: 15272: 15256: 15252: 15245: 15229: 15222: 15215: 15199: 15192: 15182: 15180: 15165: 15161: 15154: 15138: 15134: 15127: 15111: 15107: 15093: 15092: 15085: 15078: 15062: 15053: 15046: 15030: 15026: 15013: 15009: 14992: 14988: 14980: 14973: 14965: 14961: 14954: 14938: 14934: 14921: 14917: 14896: 14892: 14877: 14873: 14866: 14858: 14854: 14847: 14840: 14839: 14835: 14822: 14821: 14817: 14786: 14782: 14771: 14755: 14740: 14709: 14705: 14674: 14670: 14663: 14637: 14630: 14623: 14607: 14600: 14569: 14565: 14534: 14530: 14499: 14490: 14451: 14442: 14411: 14402: 14375: 14360: 14321: 14317: 14280: 14276: 14242: 14238: 14225: 14223: 14210: 14209: 14205: 14174: 14159: 14127: 14123: 14083: 14076: 14045: 14038: 13999: 13984: 13939: 13935: 13896: 13889: 13878: 13862: 13858: 13847: 13831: 13827: 13820: 13804: 13800: 13761: 13742: 13703: 13696: 13659: 13646: 13607: 13600: 13560: 13556: 13511: 13507: 13470: 13461: 13429: 13420: 13384: 13380:Kuhl H (2005). 13378: 13374: 13335: 13331: 13316: 13315: 13311: 13266: 13262: 13231: 13227: 13195: 13191: 13170:(1–2): 99–104. 13160: 13156: 13116: 13109: 13078: 13071: 13040: 13036: 13005: 13001: 12964: 12960: 12949: 12930: 12926: 12915: 12899: 12895: 12872:(18): 8487–96. 12866:Cancer Research 12858: 12854: 12815: 12811: 12774: 12770: 12739: 12735: 12690: 12686: 12676: 12674: 12670: 12659: 12653: 12649: 12641: 12635: 12631: 12594: 12590: 12543: 12539: 12500: 12496: 12465: 12461: 12429: 12425: 12398: 12394: 12387: 12373: 12372: 12365: 12334: 12325: 12318: 12293: 12289: 12278: 12262: 12258: 12213: 12209: 12169: 12162: 12155: 12139: 12135: 12128: 12112: 12108: 12101: 12085: 12081: 12062: 12058: 12051: 12035: 12031: 12000: 11996: 11965: 11961: 11954: 11928: 11924: 11893: 11889: 11858: 11854: 11847: 11831: 11827: 11820: 11804: 11800: 11785: 11767: 11763: 11756: 11740: 11736: 11726: 11712:Ufer J (1969). 11710: 11706: 11699: 11673: 11669: 11662: 11646: 11642: 11635: 11619: 11615: 11608: 11592: 11588: 11581: 11565: 11561: 11530: 11523: 11516: 11502: 11498: 11491: 11474: 11470: 11439: 11432: 11425: 11409: 11402: 11363: 11359: 11348: 11334: 11333: 11302: 11263: 11254: 11214: 11210: 11173: 11162: 11151: 11135: 11131: 11094: 11090: 11067: 11063: 11026: 11019: 10988: 10984: 10945: 10941: 10894: 10890: 10867: 10863: 10855: 10848: 10842: 10838: 10805:(1): e1001778. 10790: 10786: 10741: 10737: 10722: 10718: 10710: 10703: 10697: 10693: 10678: 10674: 10627: 10623: 10586: 10582: 10545: 10541: 10510: 10506: 10466: 10462: 10425: 10421: 10384: 10380: 10349:(6923): 247–8. 10335: 10331: 10296: 10292: 10282: 10280: 10273:Family Planning 10262: 10258: 10248: 10246: 10226: 10219: 10209: 10207: 10198: 10197: 10193: 10185: 10170: 10166:Kuhl H (2011). 10164: 10157: 10118: 10111: 10072: 10065: 10030:Hamostaseologie 10026: 10022: 9983: 9979: 9934: 9930: 9883: 9876: 9831: 9822: 9783: 9772: 9733: 9726: 9683: 9679: 9642: 9638: 9598: 9588: 9584: 9545: 9541: 9504: 9500: 9493: 9477: 9473: 9466: 9450: 9446: 9409: 9398: 9363: 9359: 9320: 9311: 9284: 9280: 9273: 9257: 9248: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9214: 9198: 9191: 9160: 9153: 9122: 9118: 9108: 9106: 9102: 9095: 9086: 9079: 9068: 9052: 9048: 9038: 9036: 9023: 9022: 9011: 9001: 8999: 8998:on 19 June 2007 8995: 8988: 8979: 8975: 8964: 8943: 8939: 8933:Wayback Machine 8921: 8917: 8910: 8894: 8890: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8856: 8840: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8815: 8814: 8803: 8764: 8760: 8752: 8721: 8715: 8711: 8706:on 8 July 2011. 8703: 8664: 8655: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8612: 8610: 8606: 8595: 8591: 8590: 8586: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8563: 8559: 8558: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8533: 8532: 8528: 8483: 8479: 8448: 8444: 8425: 8411: 8407: 8400: 8386: 8382: 8344: 8343: 8336: 8313: 8306: 8267: 8260: 8253: 8239: 8235: 8228: 8214: 8205: 8198: 8184: 8175: 8167: 8145:10.2307/2991641 8128: 8122: 8118: 8108: 8106: 8091: 8087: 8077: 8075: 8071: 8058: 8049: 8045: 8038: 8014: 8010: 8003: 7981: 7977: 7954: 7950: 7905: 7896: 7889: 7875: 7862: 7831: 7822: 7783: 7774: 7768:Wayback Machine 7758: 7745: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7694: 7687: 7665: 7661: 7654: 7638: 7634: 7595: 7591: 7568: 7564: 7533: 7529: 7490: 7486: 7475: 7455: 7444: 7431: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7415: 7405: 7403: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7381: 7348: 7342: 7338: 7299: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7226:(8): CD000402. 7212: 7208: 7198: 7196: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7173: 7171: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7146: 7130: 7123: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7095:(10): 364–392. 7084: 7078: 7067: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7003: 6999: 6975: 6971: 6964: 6950: 6943: 6933: 6917: 6910: 6899: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6851: 6826: 6813: 6812: 6779: 6769: 6767: 6758: 6757: 6736: 6697: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6638: 6628: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6613: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6557: 6536:(1–2): 171–80. 6526: 6515: 6475: 6471:Kuhl H (2005). 6469: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6401:. February 2024 6393: 6392: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6340: 6313: 6293: 6274:corticosteroids 6246:Crohn's disease 6236:as a potential 6205:prostate cancer 6154: 6108: 6098: 6091:carcinogenicity 6047: 6001: 5996: 5979: 5925: 5919: 5910: 5893: 5872: 5859: 5846: 5837: 5828: 5819: 5804: 5799: 5782: 5731: 5643: 5621: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5611: 5600: 5591: 5580: 5571: 5560: 5551: 5536: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5457: 5425: 5366: 5342: 5319:of 150 mg 5274:bioavailability 5266: 5261: 5214: 5168:, and possibly 5142: 5135: 5127: 5117: 5102: 5098: 5086: 5033: 4991: 4988: 4955: 4950:corticosteroids 4922: 4917: 4905: 4875:(3α-HSD). This 4862: 4852: 4829: 4658: 4641: 4621: 4591:atherosclerosis 4551: 4508:HDL cholesterol 4456: 4403:pituitary gland 4363: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4338: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4268: 4264: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4236: 4230: 3980: 3819: 3810: 3801: 3792: 3783: 3705: 3702: 3691: 3688: 3677: 3570:transactivation 3538: 3523: 3510: 3497: 3484: 3471: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3281: 3234: 3213:MPA acts as an 3211: 3206: 3158: 3106: 3085: 3076: 3033: 3005: 2446: 2436: 2425: 2415: 2405: 2394: 2383: 2379: 2372: 2364: 2360: 2351: 2344: 2334:effect on risk 2333: 2322: 2321: 2223: 2190: 2106: 2083:adverse effects 2079: 1967:viral hepatitis 1909: 1855: 1841: 1839:Available forms 1812: 1778:enzyme-inducing 1678: 1638:DMPA estimated 1595:DMPA estimated 1570: 1519: 1453: 1449:Duration effect 1355: 1343:iron deficiency 1275:and functional 1155:vaginal atrophy 1123: 1114: 926: 924: 919: 916: 911: 906: 905: 894: 891: 886: 885: 864: 839: 829: 823: 817: 778: 754: 746: 726: 706: 686: 666: 646: 626: 606: 589: 581: 561: 558: 553: 552: 511: 507: 497: 490: 446:Protein binding 440:By mouth: ~100% 436:Bioavailability 428:Pharmacokinetic 422: 412: 362: 270: 263: 244: 177: 173: 169: 139: 77: 73: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23247: 23237: 23236: 23231: 23226: 23221: 23216: 23211: 23206: 23201: 23196: 23191: 23186: 23181: 23176: 23171: 23166: 23164:Acetate esters 23161: 23156: 23141: 23140: 23117: 23116: 23111: 23110: 23108: 23107: 23102: 23097: 23092: 23087: 23082: 23078: 23075: 23074: 23071: 23070: 23068: 23067: 23061: 23059: 23055: 23054: 23052: 23051: 23046: 23041: 23036: 23031: 23026: 23021: 23016: 23011: 23005: 23003: 22996: 22974: 22973: 22970: 22969: 22967: 22966: 22961: 22956: 22951: 22946: 22941: 22936: 22931: 22926: 22917: 22916: 22911: 22906: 22901: 22896: 22891: 22886: 22881: 22876: 22871: 22862: 22860: 22856: 22855: 22853: 22852: 22847: 22842: 22837: 22832: 22827: 22818: 22817: 22812: 22807: 22802: 22797: 22792: 22787: 22782: 22777: 22772: 22767: 22762: 22757: 22752: 22747: 22742: 22737: 22732: 22727: 22718: 22716: 22701: 22700: 22698: 22697: 22692: 22683: 22682: 22677: 22672: 22667: 22662: 22657: 22652: 22647: 22642: 22633: 22632: 22627: 22625:Spironolactone 22622: 22617: 22612: 22607: 22602: 22597: 22592: 22587: 22585:Canrenoic acid 22578: 22577: 22572: 22567: 22562: 22548: 22543: 22538: 22533: 22528: 22523: 22509: 22504: 22499: 22494: 22489: 22484: 22479: 22477:Ethyldienolone 22474: 22469: 22464: 22459: 22454: 22449: 22444: 22439: 22434: 22432:Dimethisterone 22429: 22424: 22419: 22414: 22409: 22404: 22399: 22394: 22385: 22380: 22375: 22370: 22365: 22360: 22358:Norvinisterone 22355: 22353:Norgestrienone 22350: 22345: 22340: 22335: 22330: 22316: 22311: 22309:Norelgestromin 22306: 22301: 22296: 22291: 22286: 22276: 22274:Levonorgestrel 22271: 22266: 22261: 22256: 22251: 22246: 22241: 22236: 22235: 22234: 22224: 22219: 22214: 22209: 22204: 22199: 22194: 22189: 22184: 22179: 22169: 22168: 22163: 22158: 22153: 22148: 22143: 22138: 22133: 22128: 22123: 22118: 22113: 22108: 22103: 22098: 22093: 22088: 22083: 22078: 22073: 22068: 22063: 22058: 22049: 22048: 22043: 22038: 22033: 22028: 22023: 22018: 22013: 22008: 22003: 21998: 21993: 21991:Methenmadinone 21988: 21983: 21978: 21973: 21968: 21963: 21958: 21953: 21948: 21943: 21938: 21933: 21928: 21923: 21918: 21913: 21908: 21903: 21898: 21893: 21888: 21883: 21878: 21873: 21868: 21863: 21858: 21853: 21848: 21843: 21838: 21833: 21828: 21823: 21818: 21813: 21808: 21803: 21798: 21793: 21788: 21783: 21778: 21773: 21768: 21763: 21758: 21753: 21748: 21743: 21738: 21733: 21728: 21723: 21718: 21713: 21708: 21699: 21698: 21693: 21688: 21683: 21681:Dydrogesterone 21678: 21673: 21668: 21663: 21654: 21653: 21648: 21643: 21638: 21633: 21628: 21623: 21618: 21613: 21608: 21603: 21598: 21593: 21588: 21583: 21578: 21569: 21567: 21560: 21549: 21548: 21538: 21537: 21530: 21523: 21515: 21506: 21505: 21503: 21502: 21497: 21492: 21487: 21482: 21478: 21475: 21474: 21471: 21470: 21468: 21467: 21462: 21454: 21452: 21448: 21447: 21445: 21444: 21439: 21434: 21429: 21424: 21419: 21414: 21409: 21404: 21399: 21394: 21389: 21384: 21379: 21374: 21369: 21364: 21359: 21354: 21349: 21344: 21339: 21334: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21314: 21309: 21304: 21299: 21294: 21289: 21283: 21281: 21275: 21274: 21272: 21271: 21266: 21261: 21255: 21253: 21238: 21237: 21235: 21234: 21229: 21220: 21219: 21214: 21209: 21204: 21199: 21194: 21189: 21184: 21179: 21174: 21169: 21164: 21159: 21154: 21149: 21144: 21139: 21134: 21129: 21124: 21119: 21114: 21109: 21104: 21099: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21075: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21054: 21053: 21052: 21042: 21037: 21032: 21027: 21018: 21017: 21012: 21007: 21006: 21005: 21000: 20990: 20985: 20984: 20983: 20973: 20968: 20963: 20958: 20957: 20956: 20951: 20946: 20936: 20935: 20934: 20924: 20919: 20914: 20909: 20904: 20903: 20902: 20892: 20887: 20886: 20885: 20880: 20870: 20865: 20860: 20855: 20850: 20845: 20840: 20835: 20830: 20821: 20820: 20815: 20814: 20813: 20803: 20802: 20801: 20791: 20790: 20789: 20779: 20778: 20777: 20767: 20762: 20761: 20760: 20750: 20749: 20748: 20743: 20738: 20728: 20727: 20726: 20716: 20715: 20714: 20709: 20699: 20698: 20697: 20687: 20686: 20685: 20675: 20670: 20669: 20668: 20658: 20653: 20648: 20647: 20646: 20641: 20633: 20632: 20631: 20621: 20620: 20619: 20609: 20608: 20607: 20597: 20592: 20591: 20590: 20585: 20575: 20570: 20565: 20564: 20563: 20553: 20552: 20551: 20546: 20539:Diflucortolone 20536: 20535: 20534: 20524: 20523: 20522: 20512: 20507: 20502: 20501: 20500: 20490: 20489: 20488: 20478: 20477: 20476: 20466: 20465: 20464: 20454: 20453: 20452: 20442: 20437: 20436: 20435: 20430: 20420: 20419: 20418: 20408: 20403: 20402: 20401: 20391: 20382: 20381: 20380: 20379: 20374: 20373: 20372: 20357: 20352: 20347: 20346: 20345: 20340: 20330: 20329: 20328: 20318: 20317: 20316: 20311: 20306: 20301: 20296: 20291: 20281: 20280: 20279: 20269: 20268: 20267: 20257: 20252: 20247: 20242: 20241: 20240: 20230: 20229: 20228: 20218: 20217: 20216: 20206: 20205: 20204: 20194: 20193: 20192: 20182: 20181: 20180: 20170: 20169: 20168: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20147: 20146: 20141: 20131: 20130: 20129: 20119: 20118: 20117: 20107: 20106: 20105: 20100: 20095: 20087:hydrocortisone 20080: 20079: 20078: 20073: 20066:Corticosterone 20063: 20062: 20061: 20051: 20050: 20049: 20039: 20034: 20033: 20032: 20025:Δ-Prednisolone 20022: 20017: 20016: 20015: 20010: 20000: 19999: 19998: 19988: 19987: 19986: 19976: 19971: 19966: 19957: 19955: 19946: 19935: 19934: 19924: 19923: 19916: 19909: 19901: 19892: 19891: 19889: 19888: 19883: 19878: 19873: 19868: 19863: 19859: 19856: 19855: 19852: 19851: 19849: 19848: 19843: 19833: 19828: 19804:-α-Amino acids 19798: 19793: 19788: 19783: 19752: 19750: 19743: 19737: 19736: 19733: 19732: 19730: 19729: 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19669: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19624: 19619: 19614: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19581: 19573: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19550: 19545: 19540: 19535: 19530: 19525: 19520: 19515: 19510: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19480: 19475: 19470: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19394: 19389: 19384: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19331: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19298:Spironolactone 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 19205: 19200: 19195: 19190: 19185: 19180: 19175: 19170: 19165: 19160: 19155: 19150: 19145: 19140: 19135: 19130: 19125: 19123:Cyproheptadine 19120: 19115: 19110: 19105: 19100: 19098:Canrenoic acid 19095: 19090: 19085: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19055: 19050: 19041: 19039: 19035: 19034: 19032: 19031: 19026: 19021: 19016: 19007: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18931: 18926: 18921: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18837: 18835: 18824: 18823: 18821: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18795: 18790: 18781: 18780: 18775: 18770: 18761: 18760: 18755: 18746: 18745: 18740: 18739: 18738: 18728: 18726:Norgestrienone 18723: 18718: 18704: 18702:Norethisterone 18699: 18698: 18697: 18687: 18677: 18675:Levonorgestrel 18672: 18667: 18662: 18661: 18660: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18631: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18611: 18610: 18605: 18604: 18603: 18593: 18584: 18583: 18574: 18573: 18564: 18563: 18558: 18549: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18533: 18528: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18496:Ethyldienolone 18493: 18488: 18483: 18474: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18437: 18436: 18431: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18399:Androisoxazole 18392: 18391: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18375: 18374: 18359: 18354: 18353: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18327: 18322: 18317: 18312: 18307: 18302: 18297: 18292: 18287: 18282: 18277: 18268: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18248: 18247: 18246: 18245: 18240: 18230: 18225: 18224: 18223: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18198: 18197: 18196: 18186: 18181: 18180: 18179: 18169: 18168: 18167: 18157: 18152: 18139: 18138: 18137: 18132: 18127: 18117: 18112: 18107: 18102: 18097: 18096: 18095: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18070: 18069: 18068: 18058: 18049: 18048: 18043: 18042: 18041: 18031: 18026: 18025: 18024: 18014: 18012:Methyldiazinol 18009: 18008: 18007: 17997: 17992: 17987: 17982: 17977: 17976: 17975: 17965: 17964: 17963: 17948: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17932: 17931: 17921: 17916: 17911: 17906: 17901: 17896: 17894:1-Testosterone 17891: 17886: 17881: 17872: 17871: 17870: 17869: 17864: 17849: 17844: 17839: 17834: 17829: 17824: 17823: 17822: 17817: 17807: 17802: 17801: 17800: 17790: 17789: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17768: 17763: 17762: 17761: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17740: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17670: 17668: 17661: 17650: 17649: 17639: 17638: 17631: 17624: 17616: 17610: 17607: 17606: 17592: 17591: 17589: 17588: 17582: 17580: 17576: 17575: 17572: 17571: 17569: 17568: 17563: 17557: 17555: 17547: 17546: 17544: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17522: 17520: 17509: 17505: 17504: 17502: 17501: 17496: 17490: 17488: 17482: 17481: 17479: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17466:Levonorgestrel 17463: 17458: 17452: 17450: 17442: 17441: 17439: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17412: 17410: 17404: 17403: 17400: 17399: 17397: 17396: 17390: 17388: 17382: 17381: 17379: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17362: 17360: 17354: 17353: 17351: 17350: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17324: 17322: 17311: 17305: 17304: 17302: 17301: 17295: 17292:Tubal ligation 17288: 17286: 17280: 17279: 17277: 17276: 17262: 17256: 17246: 17244: 17235: 17234: 17232: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17205: 17203: 17202:Related topics 17199: 17198: 17190: 17189: 17182: 17175: 17167: 17158: 17157: 17155: 17154: 17149: 17147:Neuropeptide Y 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17098: 17096: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17064:Pentoxifylline 17061: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17041: 17036: 17031: 17026: 17021: 17009: 17004: 17002:Cyproheptadine 16999: 16994: 16988: 16986: 16980: 16979: 16967: 16966: 16959: 16952: 16944: 16935: 16934: 16932: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16905: 16904: 16903: 16900: 16889: 16883: 16877: 16876: 16873: 16872: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16865: 16860: 16854: 16852: 16838: 16837: 16835: 16834: 16829: 16823: 16821: 16807: 16801: 16800: 16797: 16796: 16794: 16793: 16759: 16758: 16749: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16736:Norelgestromin 16733: 16731:Levonorgestrel 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16689:Norvinisterone 16686: 16681: 16679:Norgestrienone 16676: 16671: 16666: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16619: 16618: 16613: 16611:Dimethisterone 16608: 16596: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16573: 16568: 16563: 16551: 16550: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16434: 16433: 16428: 16426:Dydrogesterone 16419: 16418: 16413: 16404: 16402: 16385: 16373: 16372: 16361: 16360: 16353: 16346: 16338: 16330: 16329: 16289: 16260:(2): 108–124. 16240: 16194: 16175: 16130: 16123: 16103: 16062: 16047: 16021: 16014: 15988: 15971: 15954:Obstet Gynecol 15940: 15933: 15913: 15878: 15851: 15832:(5): 396–404. 15816: 15788: 15761: 15744:Albion Monitor 15725: 15698: 15654: 15618: 15583: 15548: 15521: 15494: 15468: 15437: 15406: 15380: 15353: 15325: 15322:on 6 May 2006. 15296: 15277: 15270: 15250: 15243: 15220: 15213: 15190: 15159: 15152: 15132: 15125: 15105: 15083: 15076: 15051: 15044: 15024: 15007: 14986: 14959: 14952: 14932: 14915: 14890: 14871: 14852: 14833: 14815: 14780: 14769: 14738: 14703: 14668: 14661: 14628: 14621: 14598: 14563: 14528: 14509:(1): 387–394. 14488: 14440: 14421:(4): 361–385. 14400: 14358: 14331:(2): 110–128. 14315: 14274: 14252:(4): 476–479. 14236: 14203: 14184:(3): 209–217. 14157: 14138:(3): 229–238. 14121: 14094:(3): 373–386. 14074: 14055:(3): 319–329. 14036: 13982: 13953:(2): 320–344. 13933: 13887: 13876: 13856: 13845: 13825: 13818: 13798: 13740: 13694: 13673:(6): 2104–10. 13644: 13598: 13554: 13505: 13459: 13440:(2): 197–203. 13418: 13372: 13339:Osteoporos Int 13329: 13309: 13260: 13225: 13189: 13154: 13127:(4): 243–250. 13107: 13069: 13034: 12999: 12978:(12): 1285–8. 12958: 12947: 12924: 12913: 12893: 12852: 12809: 12788:(1): 102–109. 12768: 12749:(3): 229–235. 12733: 12684: 12647: 12629: 12588: 12553:(5): 607–615. 12537: 12494: 12475:(2): 385–393. 12459: 12440:(2): 265–270. 12423: 12392: 12385: 12363: 12344:(4): 313–331. 12323: 12316: 12287: 12276: 12256: 12207: 12160: 12153: 12133: 12126: 12106: 12099: 12079: 12056: 12049: 12029: 12010:(5): 281–287. 11994: 11975:(6): 381–385. 11959: 11952: 11922: 11903:(4): 293–301. 11887: 11868:(4): 361–385. 11852: 11845: 11825: 11818: 11798: 11784:978-0080168128 11783: 11761: 11754: 11734: 11724: 11704: 11697: 11667: 11660: 11640: 11633: 11613: 11606: 11586: 11579: 11559: 11521: 11514: 11496: 11489: 11468: 11430: 11423: 11400: 11357: 11346: 11300: 11252: 11225:(1–2): 11–20. 11208: 11160: 11149: 11129: 11088: 11077:(4): 499–504. 11061: 11017: 10982: 10939: 10888: 10871:Issues Law Med 10861: 10836: 10784: 10735: 10716: 10691: 10672: 10621: 10580: 10559:(3): 697–701. 10539: 10504: 10460: 10419: 10378: 10329: 10290: 10279:on 14 May 2006 10256: 10217: 10191: 10181:(1): 157–177. 10155: 10109: 10082:(4): 341–345. 10063: 10020: 9993:(6): 570–609. 9977: 9948:(2): 257–266. 9928: 9897:(3): 533–540. 9874: 9820: 9770: 9743:(6): 441–450. 9724: 9687:Miglioretti DL 9677: 9636: 9582: 9539: 9498: 9491: 9471: 9464: 9444: 9396: 9357: 9330:(6): 478–489. 9309: 9278: 9271: 9246: 9223: 9212: 9189: 9170:(6): 673–686. 9151: 9116: 9077: 9066: 9046: 9009: 8973: 8962: 8937: 8922:Stacey, Dawn. 8915: 8908: 8888: 8881: 8861: 8854: 8834: 8801: 8758: 8709: 8644: 8584: 8552: 8526: 8497:(9): 1419–22. 8477: 8442: 8423: 8405: 8398: 8380: 8334: 8304: 8258: 8251: 8233: 8226: 8203: 8196: 8173: 8116: 8105:on 31 May 2008 8085: 8043: 8036: 8008: 8001: 7975: 7948: 7894: 7887: 7860: 7820: 7772: 7743: 7722: 7715: 7692: 7685: 7659: 7652: 7632: 7589: 7562: 7543:(3): 195–209. 7527: 7484: 7473: 7442: 7413: 7387: 7336: 7290: 7255: 7206: 7181: 7151: 7144: 7121: 7065: 7044: 7024: 7017: 6997: 6969: 6962: 6941: 6931: 6908: 6897: 6874: 6867: 6824: 6777: 6734: 6672: 6636: 6616:"Depo_Provera" 6602: 6555: 6513: 6412: 6386: 6357: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6312: 6309: 6292: 6291:Veterinary use 6289: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6134: 6126: 6118: 6111: 6101:rhesus monkeys 6059:United Kingdom 6046: 6043: 6042: 6041: 6033: 6022: 6010: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5978: 5975: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5952: 5951: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5918: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5892: 5889: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5739:Upjohn Company 5730: 5727: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5612: 5601: 5594: 5592: 5581: 5574: 5572: 5561: 5554: 5552: 5537: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5499:Cervical mucus 5456: 5453: 5424: 5421: 5365: 5362: 5341: 5338: 5336:tolerability. 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5249:norethisterone 5245:dydrogesterone 5213: 5212:Other activity 5210: 5174:neuropeptide Y 5162:glucocorticoid 5148:are effective 5141: 5138: 5133: 5125: 5115: 5109:benzodiazepine 5100: 5096: 5084: 5065:anticonvulsant 5031: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4979:postmenopausal 4953: 4920: 4915: 4881:transformation 4851: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4761:Norethisterone 4757: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4731:Levonorgestrel 4727: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4671:Corticosteroid 4669: 4663: 4662: 4651: 4634: 4631: 4620: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4555:glucocorticoid 4550: 4547: 4539:antiandrogenic 4455: 4452: 4423:antiestrogenic 4419:hypersexuality 4407:antiandrogenic 4362: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4262: 4245: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3979: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3936:Abbreviations: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3767: 3766: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3700: 3695: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3670: 3649:cervical mucus 3590:norethisterone 3537: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3277: 3256:activity. The 3232: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3194:St John's wort 3157: 3154: 3138:abdominal pain 3105: 3102: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3032: 3029: 3025:glucocorticoid 3004: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2996:See template. 2919:Abbreviations: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2439: 2428: 2418: 2408: 2397: 2386: 2385: 2366: 2335: 2330: 2320: 2319: 2312: 2305: 2297: 2275:postmenopausal 2222: 2219: 2189: 2186: 2104: 2078: 2075: 2063: 2062: 2053: 2052: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1985: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1935: 1925: 1908: 1905: 1840: 1837: 1814:Proponents of 1811: 1808: 1792: 1791: 1784: 1772:in women with 1766: 1759:ovulation pain 1751: 1744: 1729: 1722: 1711: 1688: 1685: 1677: 1674: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1649: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1606: 1569: 1566: 1544: 1543: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467:User reminders 1464: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1412: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1362: 1361: 1354: 1351: 1304:blood clotting 1277:antiandrogenic 1226:hypersexuality 1220:in those with 1143:postmenopausal 1122: 1119: 1088:glucocorticoid 1082:. It also has 1066:, and as such 1049:liver problems 1029:abdominal pain 996:. It is taken 933: 932: 921: 920: 918: 917: 914: 912: 909: 901: 900: 899: 896: 895: 893: 892: 889: 881: 880: 879: 876: 875: 872: 866: 865: 863: 862: 854: 852: 844: 843: 837: 831: 830: 827: 821: 815: 810: 804: 803: 799: 798: 788: 780: 779: 777: 776: 763: 761: 748: 747: 745: 744: 736: 734: 728: 727: 725: 724: 716: 714: 708: 707: 705: 704: 696: 694: 688: 687: 685: 684: 676: 674: 668: 667: 665: 664: 656: 654: 648: 647: 645: 644: 636: 634: 628: 627: 625: 624: 616: 614: 608: 607: 605: 604: 596: 594: 583: 582: 580: 579: 571: 569: 563: 562: 560: 559: 556: 548: 547: 546: 543: 542: 538: 537: 527: 521: 520: 494: 485: 484: 462: 456: 455: 448: 442: 441: 438: 432: 431: 424: 423: 421: 420: 417: 402: 391: 377: 375: 369: 368: 364: 363: 361: 360: 327: 325: 319: 318: 297: 291: 290: 273: 271:administration 265: 264: 262: 261: 259: 249: 247: 239: 238: 231: 225: 224: 217: 207: 206: 199: 195: 194: 191: 185: 184: 71: 67: 66: 62: 61: 53: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23246: 23235: 23232: 23230: 23227: 23225: 23222: 23220: 23217: 23215: 23212: 23210: 23207: 23205: 23202: 23200: 23197: 23195: 23192: 23190: 23187: 23185: 23182: 23180: 23177: 23175: 23172: 23170: 23167: 23165: 23162: 23160: 23157: 23155: 23152: 23151: 23149: 23139: 23129: 23128: 23125: 23106: 23103: 23101: 23098: 23096: 23093: 23091: 23088: 23086: 23083: 23080: 23079: 23076: 23066: 23063: 23062: 23060: 23056: 23050: 23047: 23045: 23042: 23040: 23037: 23035: 23032: 23030: 23027: 23025: 23022: 23020: 23017: 23015: 23012: 23010: 23007: 23006: 23004: 23000: 22997: 22991: 22981: 22975: 22965: 22962: 22960: 22957: 22955: 22954:Valproic acid 22952: 22950: 22947: 22945: 22942: 22940: 22937: 22935: 22932: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22921:Nonsteroidal: 22919: 22918: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22887: 22885: 22882: 22880: 22877: 22875: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22864: 22863: 22861: 22857: 22851: 22850:Syringic acid 22848: 22846: 22843: 22841: 22838: 22836: 22833: 22831: 22828: 22826: 22823: 22822:Nonsteroidal: 22820: 22819: 22816: 22813: 22811: 22808: 22806: 22803: 22801: 22798: 22796: 22793: 22791: 22788: 22786: 22783: 22781: 22778: 22776: 22773: 22771: 22768: 22766: 22763: 22761: 22758: 22756: 22753: 22751: 22750:Guggulsterone 22748: 22746: 22743: 22741: 22738: 22736: 22733: 22731: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22720: 22719: 22717: 22711: 22702: 22696: 22693: 22691: 22688: 22685: 22684: 22681: 22678: 22676: 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22655:Riligustilide 22653: 22651: 22648: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22638: 22637:Nonsteroidal: 22635: 22634: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22580: 22579: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22563: 22560: 22556: 22552: 22549: 22547: 22544: 22542: 22539: 22537: 22534: 22532: 22529: 22527: 22524: 22521: 22517: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22478: 22475: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22465: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22448: 22445: 22443: 22440: 22438: 22435: 22433: 22430: 22428: 22425: 22423: 22420: 22418: 22415: 22413: 22410: 22408: 22405: 22403: 22400: 22398: 22395: 22393: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22369: 22366: 22364: 22361: 22359: 22356: 22354: 22351: 22349: 22346: 22344: 22341: 22339: 22336: 22334: 22331: 22328: 22324: 22320: 22317: 22315: 22312: 22310: 22307: 22305: 22302: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22292: 22290: 22287: 22284: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22262: 22260: 22257: 22255: 22252: 22250: 22247: 22245: 22242: 22240: 22237: 22233: 22232:Ethandrostate 22230: 22229: 22228: 22225: 22223: 22220: 22218: 22215: 22213: 22210: 22208: 22205: 22203: 22200: 22198: 22195: 22193: 22192:Allylestrenol 22190: 22188: 22185: 22183: 22180: 22178: 22174: 22171: 22170: 22167: 22164: 22162: 22159: 22157: 22154: 22152: 22149: 22147: 22144: 22142: 22139: 22137: 22134: 22132: 22129: 22127: 22124: 22122: 22119: 22117: 22114: 22112: 22109: 22107: 22104: 22102: 22099: 22097: 22094: 22092: 22089: 22087: 22084: 22082: 22079: 22077: 22074: 22072: 22069: 22067: 22064: 22062: 22059: 22057: 22054: 22051: 22050: 22047: 22044: 22042: 22039: 22037: 22034: 22032: 22029: 22027: 22026:Pentagestrone 22024: 22022: 22019: 22017: 22014: 22012: 22009: 22007: 22004: 22002: 21999: 21997: 21994: 21992: 21989: 21987: 21984: 21982: 21979: 21977: 21974: 21972: 21969: 21967: 21964: 21962: 21959: 21957: 21954: 21952: 21949: 21947: 21944: 21942: 21939: 21937: 21934: 21932: 21929: 21927: 21924: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21911:Hydromadinone 21909: 21907: 21904: 21902: 21901:Gestobutanoyl 21899: 21897: 21894: 21892: 21889: 21887: 21884: 21882: 21879: 21877: 21874: 21872: 21869: 21867: 21864: 21862: 21859: 21857: 21854: 21852: 21849: 21847: 21844: 21842: 21839: 21837: 21834: 21832: 21829: 21827: 21824: 21822: 21819: 21817: 21814: 21812: 21809: 21807: 21804: 21802: 21799: 21797: 21794: 21792: 21789: 21787: 21784: 21782: 21781:Chlormadinone 21779: 21777: 21774: 21772: 21769: 21767: 21764: 21762: 21759: 21757: 21754: 21752: 21749: 21747: 21744: 21742: 21739: 21737: 21734: 21732: 21729: 21727: 21724: 21722: 21719: 21717: 21714: 21712: 21709: 21707: 21704: 21701: 21700: 21697: 21694: 21692: 21689: 21687: 21684: 21682: 21679: 21677: 21674: 21672: 21669: 21667: 21664: 21662: 21659: 21656: 21655: 21652: 21649: 21647: 21644: 21642: 21639: 21637: 21634: 21632: 21629: 21627: 21624: 21622: 21619: 21617: 21614: 21612: 21609: 21607: 21604: 21602: 21599: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21587: 21584: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21571: 21570: 21568: 21564: 21561: 21556: 21550: 21546: 21543: 21536: 21531: 21529: 21524: 21522: 21517: 21516: 21513: 21501: 21498: 21496: 21493: 21491: 21488: 21486: 21483: 21480: 21479: 21476: 21466: 21465:(ISIS-426115) 21459: 21456: 21455: 21453: 21449: 21443: 21440: 21438: 21435: 21433: 21430: 21428: 21425: 21423: 21420: 21418: 21415: 21413: 21410: 21408: 21405: 21403: 21400: 21398: 21395: 21393: 21390: 21388: 21385: 21383: 21380: 21378: 21375: 21373: 21370: 21368: 21365: 21363: 21360: 21358: 21355: 21353: 21350: 21348: 21345: 21343: 21342:Guggulsterone 21340: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21318: 21315: 21313: 21310: 21308: 21305: 21303: 21300: 21298: 21295: 21293: 21290: 21288: 21285: 21284: 21282: 21280: 21276: 21270: 21267: 21265: 21264:Fosdagrocorat 21262: 21260: 21257: 21256: 21254: 21248: 21239: 21233: 21230: 21228: 21225: 21222: 21221: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21198: 21195: 21193: 21190: 21188: 21185: 21183: 21180: 21178: 21175: 21173: 21170: 21168: 21165: 21163: 21160: 21158: 21155: 21153: 21150: 21148: 21145: 21143: 21140: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21125: 21123: 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21077: 21076: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21051: 21048: 21047: 21046: 21045:Nicocortonide 21043: 21041: 21038: 21036: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21023: 21020: 21019: 21016: 21013: 21011: 21008: 21004: 21001: 20999: 20996: 20995: 20994: 20991: 20989: 20986: 20982: 20979: 20978: 20977: 20974: 20972: 20969: 20967: 20964: 20962: 20959: 20955: 20952: 20950: 20947: 20945: 20942: 20941: 20940: 20937: 20933: 20930: 20929: 20928: 20925: 20923: 20920: 20918: 20915: 20913: 20910: 20908: 20905: 20901: 20898: 20897: 20896: 20893: 20891: 20890:Dexbudesonide 20888: 20884: 20881: 20879: 20876: 20875: 20874: 20871: 20869: 20866: 20864: 20861: 20859: 20856: 20854: 20851: 20849: 20846: 20844: 20841: 20839: 20836: 20834: 20831: 20829: 20826: 20823: 20822: 20819: 20816: 20812: 20809: 20808: 20807: 20804: 20800: 20797: 20796: 20795: 20794:Triamcinolone 20792: 20788: 20785: 20784: 20783: 20780: 20776: 20773: 20772: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20759: 20756: 20755: 20754: 20751: 20747: 20744: 20742: 20739: 20737: 20734: 20733: 20732: 20731:Paramethasone 20729: 20725: 20722: 20721: 20720: 20717: 20713: 20710: 20708: 20705: 20704: 20703: 20700: 20696: 20693: 20692: 20691: 20688: 20684: 20681: 20680: 20679: 20676: 20674: 20673:Isoprednidene 20671: 20667: 20664: 20663: 20662: 20659: 20657: 20654: 20652: 20651:Halocortolone 20649: 20645: 20642: 20640: 20637: 20636: 20634: 20630: 20627: 20626: 20625: 20622: 20618: 20615: 20614: 20613: 20612:Fluocortolone 20610: 20606: 20603: 20602: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20589: 20586: 20584: 20581: 20580: 20579: 20576: 20574: 20571: 20569: 20566: 20562: 20559: 20558: 20557: 20554: 20550: 20547: 20545: 20542: 20541: 20540: 20537: 20533: 20530: 20529: 20528: 20525: 20521: 20518: 20517: 20516: 20513: 20511: 20508: 20506: 20503: 20499: 20496: 20495: 20494: 20491: 20487: 20484: 20483: 20482: 20479: 20475: 20472: 20471: 20470: 20467: 20463: 20460: 20459: 20458: 20455: 20451: 20448: 20447: 20446: 20443: 20441: 20438: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20425: 20424: 20421: 20417: 20414: 20413: 20412: 20409: 20407: 20406:Amelometasone 20404: 20400: 20397: 20396: 20395: 20394:Alclometasone 20392: 20390: 20387: 20384: 20383: 20378: 20375: 20371: 20368: 20367: 20366: 20363: 20362: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20351: 20348: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20335: 20334: 20331: 20327: 20324: 20323: 20322: 20319: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20304:Prednimustine 20302: 20300: 20297: 20295: 20292: 20290: 20287: 20286: 20285: 20282: 20278: 20275: 20274: 20273: 20270: 20266: 20263: 20262: 20261: 20258: 20256: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20239: 20236: 20235: 20234: 20231: 20227: 20224: 20223: 20222: 20219: 20215: 20212: 20211: 20210: 20207: 20203: 20200: 20199: 20198: 20195: 20191: 20188: 20187: 20186: 20183: 20179: 20176: 20175: 20174: 20171: 20167: 20164: 20163: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20151:Difluprednate 20149: 20145: 20142: 20140: 20137: 20136: 20135: 20132: 20128: 20125: 20124: 20123: 20120: 20116: 20113: 20112: 20111: 20108: 20104: 20101: 20099: 20096: 20094: 20091: 20090: 20088: 20084: 20081: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20068: 20067: 20064: 20060: 20057: 20056: 20055: 20052: 20048: 20045: 20044: 20043: 20040: 20038: 20035: 20031: 20028: 20027: 20026: 20023: 20021: 20018: 20014: 20011: 20009: 20006: 20005: 20004: 20001: 19997: 19994: 19993: 19992: 19989: 19985: 19982: 19981: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19970: 19967: 19965: 19962: 19959: 19958: 19956: 19954: 19950: 19947: 19942: 19936: 19932: 19929: 19922: 19917: 19915: 19910: 19908: 19903: 19902: 19899: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19864: 19861: 19860: 19857: 19847: 19844: 19839: 19834: 19832: 19829: 19826: 19819: 19812: 19805: 19799: 19797: 19794: 19792: 19789: 19787: 19784: 19781: 19777: 19773: 19769: 19765: 19761: 19757: 19754: 19753: 19751: 19747: 19744: 19742: 19738: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19707:Valproic acid 19705: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19652:Rezvilutamide 19650: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19627:Proxalutamide 19625: 19623: 19620: 19618: 19615: 19613: 19610: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19586: 19582: 19580: 19578: 19574: 19572: 19570: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19556: 19554: 19551: 19549: 19546: 19544: 19541: 19539: 19536: 19534: 19531: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19519: 19516: 19514: 19511: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19471: 19468: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19446: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19424: 19421: 19418: 19414: 19410: 19406: 19402: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19390: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19342:-Bicalutamide 19341: 19336: 19335:Nonsteroidal: 19333: 19332: 19329: 19326: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19251: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19203:Guggulsterone 19201: 19199: 19196: 19194: 19191: 19189: 19186: 19184: 19181: 19179: 19176: 19174: 19171: 19169: 19166: 19164: 19161: 19159: 19156: 19154: 19151: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19043: 19042: 19040: 19036: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19020: 19017: 19015: 19012: 19009: 19008: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18920: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18841:Nonsteroidal: 18839: 18838: 18836: 18831: 18825: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18793:5α-Androstane 18791: 18789: 18786: 18783: 18782: 18779: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18763: 18762: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18748: 18747: 18744: 18741: 18737: 18734: 18733: 18732: 18729: 18727: 18724: 18722: 18719: 18716: 18712: 18708: 18705: 18703: 18700: 18696: 18693: 18692: 18691: 18688: 18685: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18659: 18656: 18655: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18633: 18632: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18613: 18612: 18609: 18606: 18602: 18601:Ethandrostate 18599: 18598: 18597: 18594: 18592: 18589: 18586: 18585: 18582: 18579: 18576: 18575: 18572: 18569: 18566: 18565: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18551: 18550: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18532: 18529: 18527: 18524: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18501:Ethylestrenol 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18476: 18475: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18426: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18394: 18393: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18373: 18370: 18369: 18367: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18332: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18283: 18281: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18270: 18269: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18253: 18250: 18249: 18244: 18241: 18239: 18236: 18235: 18234: 18231: 18229: 18226: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18203: 18202: 18199: 18195: 18192: 18191: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18178: 18175: 18174: 18173: 18170: 18166: 18163: 18162: 18161: 18158: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18149: 18145: 18140: 18136: 18133: 18131: 18128: 18126: 18123: 18122: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18106: 18103: 18101: 18098: 18094: 18091: 18090: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18067: 18064: 18063: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18051: 18050: 18047: 18044: 18040: 18037: 18036: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18023: 18020: 18019: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18006: 18003: 18002: 18001: 17998: 17996: 17993: 17991: 17988: 17986: 17983: 17981: 17978: 17974: 17971: 17970: 17969: 17966: 17962: 17959: 17958: 17956: 17952: 17949: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17930: 17927: 17926: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17912: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17874: 17873: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17833: 17830: 17828: 17825: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17799: 17796: 17795: 17794: 17791: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17773: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17760: 17757: 17756: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17719: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17672: 17671: 17669: 17665: 17662: 17657: 17651: 17647: 17644: 17637: 17632: 17630: 17625: 17623: 17618: 17617: 17614: 17608: 17604: 17599: 17587: 17584: 17583: 17581: 17577: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17558: 17556: 17554: 17548: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17519: 17513: 17510: 17506: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17491: 17489: 17487: 17483: 17477: 17476:Yuzpe regimen 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17453: 17451: 17447: 17443: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17413: 17411: 17409: 17405: 17395: 17392: 17391: 17389: 17387: 17383: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17363: 17361: 17359: 17355: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17325: 17323: 17321: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17306: 17299: 17296: 17293: 17290: 17289: 17287: 17285: 17284:Sterilization 17281: 17274: 17270: 17266: 17263: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17251: 17248: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17241:contraception 17236: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17206: 17204: 17200: 17195: 17194:Birth control 17188: 17183: 17181: 17176: 17174: 17169: 17168: 17165: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17099: 17097: 17095: 17091: 17085: 17082: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17019: 17018: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17007:Dexamethasone 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16992:Amitriptyline 16990: 16989: 16987: 16985: 16981: 16976: 16972: 16965: 16960: 16958: 16953: 16951: 16946: 16945: 16942: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16909: 16908: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16878: 16874: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16851: 16845: 16839: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16824: 16822: 16817: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16802: 16791: 16787: 16786:ethylestrenol 16783: 16779: 16775: 16771: 16767: 16764: 16761: 16760: 16757: 16754: 16751: 16750: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16629:Allylestrenol 16627: 16624: 16621: 16620: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16601: 16598: 16597: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16567: 16564: 16562: 16559: 16556: 16553: 16552: 16549: 16546: 16542: 16539: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16439: 16436: 16435: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16421: 16420: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16406: 16405: 16403: 16401: 16395: 16389: 16386: 16383: 16378: 16374: 16370: 16366: 16359: 16354: 16352: 16347: 16345: 16340: 16339: 16336: 16325: 16321: 16317: 16313: 16309: 16305: 16298: 16296: 16294: 16285: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16267: 16263: 16259: 16255: 16251: 16244: 16236: 16232: 16228: 16224: 16220: 16216: 16213:(4): 373–91. 16212: 16208: 16201: 16199: 16190: 16184: 16182: 16180: 16171: 16167: 16163: 16159: 16156:(5): 457–70. 16155: 16151: 16150:Contraception 16144: 16137: 16135: 16126: 16120: 16116: 16115: 16107: 16099: 16095: 16090: 16085: 16081: 16077: 16073: 16066: 16058: 16054: 16050: 16048:3-8055-7217-4 16044: 16040: 16036: 16032: 16025: 16017: 16011: 16007: 16003: 15999: 15992: 15984: 15983: 15975: 15967: 15963: 15959: 15955: 15951: 15944: 15936: 15930: 15926: 15925: 15917: 15909: 15905: 15901: 15897: 15894:(6): 335–47. 15893: 15889: 15882: 15874: 15870: 15866: 15862: 15855: 15847: 15843: 15839: 15835: 15831: 15827: 15820: 15812: 15808: 15804: 15800: 15792: 15784: 15780: 15776: 15772: 15765: 15749: 15745: 15741: 15734: 15732: 15730: 15721: 15717: 15713: 15709: 15702: 15694: 15690: 15686: 15682: 15678: 15674: 15671:(5): 485–95. 15670: 15666: 15658: 15650: 15646: 15642: 15638: 15635:(5): 307–12. 15634: 15630: 15629:Contraception 15622: 15614: 15610: 15606: 15602: 15598: 15594: 15593:Contraception 15587: 15579: 15575: 15571: 15567: 15563: 15559: 15558:Contraception 15552: 15544: 15540: 15536: 15532: 15525: 15517: 15514:(2 & 3). 15513: 15509: 15505: 15498: 15482: 15478: 15472: 15464: 15460: 15456: 15452: 15448: 15441: 15425: 15421: 15417: 15410: 15394: 15390: 15384: 15368: 15364: 15357: 15342: 15335: 15329: 15321: 15317: 15313: 15312: 15307: 15300: 15292: 15288: 15281: 15273: 15267: 15263: 15262: 15254: 15246: 15240: 15236: 15235: 15227: 15225: 15216: 15210: 15206: 15205: 15197: 15195: 15178: 15174: 15170: 15163: 15155: 15149: 15145: 15144: 15136: 15128: 15122: 15118: 15117: 15109: 15102: 15098: 15097: 15090: 15088: 15079: 15073: 15069: 15068: 15060: 15058: 15056: 15047: 15041: 15037: 15036: 15028: 15020: 15019: 15011: 15004: 14999: 14998: 14990: 14979: 14972: 14971: 14963: 14955: 14949: 14945: 14944: 14936: 14928: 14927: 14919: 14911: 14907: 14903: 14902: 14894: 14887: 14882: 14875: 14862: 14856: 14843: 14837: 14829: 14825: 14819: 14811: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14795: 14791: 14784: 14776: 14772: 14766: 14762: 14761: 14753: 14751: 14749: 14747: 14745: 14743: 14734: 14730: 14726: 14722: 14719:(5): 527–36. 14718: 14714: 14713:Contraception 14707: 14699: 14695: 14691: 14687: 14683: 14679: 14672: 14664: 14658: 14654: 14650: 14646: 14642: 14635: 14633: 14624: 14618: 14614: 14613: 14605: 14603: 14594: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14578: 14574: 14567: 14559: 14555: 14551: 14547: 14543: 14539: 14532: 14524: 14520: 14516: 14512: 14508: 14504: 14497: 14495: 14493: 14484: 14480: 14476: 14472: 14468: 14464: 14460: 14456: 14449: 14447: 14445: 14436: 14432: 14428: 14424: 14420: 14416: 14415:Contraception 14409: 14407: 14405: 14396: 14392: 14388: 14384: 14380: 14373: 14371: 14369: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14354: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14338: 14334: 14330: 14326: 14319: 14311: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14293: 14289: 14285: 14278: 14271: 14267: 14263: 14259: 14255: 14251: 14247: 14240: 14233: 14221: 14217: 14213: 14207: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14172: 14170: 14168: 14166: 14164: 14162: 14153: 14149: 14145: 14141: 14137: 14133: 14125: 14117: 14113: 14109: 14105: 14101: 14097: 14093: 14089: 14081: 14079: 14070: 14066: 14062: 14058: 14054: 14050: 14049:Contraception 14043: 14041: 14032: 14028: 14024: 14020: 14016: 14012: 14008: 14004: 13997: 13995: 13993: 13991: 13989: 13987: 13978: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13952: 13948: 13944: 13937: 13929: 13925: 13921: 13917: 13913: 13909: 13906:(5): 509–13. 13905: 13901: 13894: 13892: 13883: 13879: 13873: 13869: 13868: 13860: 13853: 13848: 13842: 13838: 13837: 13829: 13821: 13815: 13811: 13810: 13802: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13782: 13778: 13774: 13770: 13766: 13759: 13757: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13736: 13732: 13728: 13724: 13720: 13716: 13713:(3): 339–54. 13712: 13708: 13701: 13699: 13690: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13672: 13668: 13664: 13657: 13655: 13653: 13651: 13649: 13640: 13636: 13632: 13628: 13624: 13620: 13616: 13612: 13605: 13603: 13594: 13590: 13586: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13558: 13550: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13532: 13528: 13524: 13520: 13516: 13509: 13501: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13483: 13479: 13475: 13468: 13466: 13464: 13455: 13451: 13447: 13443: 13439: 13435: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13414: 13410: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13390: 13383: 13376: 13368: 13364: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13348: 13344: 13340: 13333: 13325: 13321: 13320: 13313: 13305: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13280:(6747): 345. 13279: 13275: 13271: 13264: 13256: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13229: 13221: 13217: 13213: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13193: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13173: 13169: 13165: 13158: 13150: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13114: 13112: 13103: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13076: 13074: 13065: 13061: 13057: 13053: 13050:(6): 963–71. 13049: 13045: 13038: 13030: 13026: 13022: 13018: 13014: 13010: 13003: 12995: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12977: 12973: 12969: 12962: 12954: 12950: 12944: 12940: 12939: 12934: 12928: 12920: 12916: 12910: 12906: 12905: 12897: 12889: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12856: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12828: 12825:(1): 95–103. 12824: 12820: 12813: 12805: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12772: 12764: 12760: 12756: 12752: 12748: 12744: 12737: 12729: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12711: 12707: 12703: 12699: 12695: 12688: 12669: 12665: 12658: 12651: 12640: 12633: 12625: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12607: 12603: 12599: 12592: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12572: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12548: 12541: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12509: 12505: 12498: 12490: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12463: 12455: 12451: 12447: 12443: 12439: 12435: 12427: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12396: 12388: 12382: 12378: 12377: 12370: 12368: 12359: 12355: 12351: 12347: 12343: 12339: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12319: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12291: 12283: 12279: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12260: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12227:(4): 506–12. 12226: 12222: 12218: 12211: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12180:(2): 161–72. 12179: 12175: 12167: 12165: 12156: 12150: 12146: 12145: 12137: 12129: 12123: 12119: 12118: 12110: 12102: 12096: 12092: 12091: 12083: 12076: 12071: 12067: 12060: 12052: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12033: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12009: 12005: 11998: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11970: 11963: 11955: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11937: 11933: 11926: 11918: 11914: 11910: 11906: 11902: 11898: 11897:Contraception 11891: 11883: 11879: 11875: 11871: 11867: 11863: 11862:Contraception 11856: 11848: 11842: 11838: 11837: 11829: 11821: 11815: 11811: 11810: 11802: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11780: 11776: 11772: 11765: 11757: 11751: 11747: 11746: 11738: 11731: 11727: 11725:9783110006148 11721: 11717: 11716: 11708: 11700: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11682: 11678: 11671: 11663: 11657: 11653: 11652: 11644: 11636: 11630: 11626: 11625: 11617: 11609: 11603: 11599: 11598: 11590: 11582: 11576: 11572: 11571: 11563: 11555: 11551: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11535: 11528: 11526: 11517: 11515:0-07-142280-3 11511: 11507: 11500: 11492: 11486: 11482: 11481:Endocrinology 11478: 11472: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11444: 11437: 11435: 11426: 11420: 11416: 11415: 11407: 11405: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11372: 11368: 11361: 11353: 11349: 11343: 11339: 11338: 11331: 11329: 11327: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11319: 11317: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11309: 11307: 11305: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11261: 11259: 11257: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11212: 11204: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11187:(3): 440–54. 11186: 11182: 11178: 11171: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11156: 11152: 11146: 11142: 11141: 11133: 11125: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11108:(3): 553–60. 11107: 11103: 11099: 11092: 11084: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11065: 11057: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11024: 11022: 11013: 11009: 11005: 11001: 10998:(4): 313–24. 10997: 10993: 10992:Contraception 10986: 10978: 10974: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10958: 10954: 10950: 10943: 10935: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10892: 10884: 10880: 10877:(2): 129–39. 10876: 10872: 10865: 10854: 10847: 10840: 10832: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10799:PLOS Medicine 10796: 10788: 10780: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10746: 10739: 10731: 10727: 10720: 10709: 10702: 10695: 10687: 10683: 10676: 10668: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10641:(4): 360–90. 10640: 10636: 10635:Contraception 10632: 10625: 10617: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10600:(3): 727–30. 10599: 10595: 10591: 10584: 10576: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10543: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10523: 10520:(5): 978–83. 10519: 10515: 10508: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10472: 10464: 10456: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10439:(2): 139–44. 10438: 10434: 10430: 10423: 10415: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10382: 10374: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10348: 10344: 10340: 10333: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10310:(5): 470–87. 10309: 10305: 10304:Contraception 10301: 10294: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10266: 10260: 10244: 10240: 10239: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10222: 10205: 10202:. June 2014. 10201: 10195: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10169: 10162: 10160: 10151: 10147: 10143: 10139: 10135: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10116: 10114: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10070: 10068: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10024: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9981: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9932: 9924: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9881: 9879: 9870: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9836: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9731: 9729: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9681: 9673: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9640: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9609:(3): 321–33. 9608: 9604: 9597: 9593: 9586: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9555:(6): 277–85. 9554: 9550: 9543: 9535: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9502: 9494: 9488: 9484: 9483: 9475: 9467: 9461: 9457: 9456: 9448: 9440: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9423:(4): 237–40. 9422: 9418: 9417:Contraception 9414: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9393: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9367:Contraception 9361: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9324:Contraception 9318: 9316: 9314: 9306: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9282: 9274: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9227: 9220: 9215: 9209: 9205: 9204: 9196: 9194: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9158: 9156: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9132:(3): 253–69. 9131: 9127: 9126:Contraception 9120: 9101: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9082: 9073: 9069: 9063: 9059: 9058: 9050: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9014: 8994: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8969: 8965: 8963:92-4-156266-8 8959: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8941: 8934: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8919: 8911: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8884: 8878: 8874: 8873: 8865: 8857: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8838: 8822: 8818: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8762: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8732:(5): 600–31. 8731: 8727: 8720: 8713: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8632: 8628: 8622: 8621:Summarized at 8605: 8601: 8594: 8588: 8569: 8562: 8556: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8481: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8458:(3): 169–72. 8457: 8453: 8452:Contraception 8446: 8439: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8420: 8416: 8409: 8401: 8399:0-7216-9546-9 8395: 8391: 8384: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8341: 8339: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8311: 8309: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8265: 8263: 8254: 8252:0-7216-9546-9 8248: 8244: 8237: 8229: 8227:0-7817-6488-2 8223: 8219: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8199: 8197:0-9664902-5-8 8193: 8189: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8127: 8120: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8089: 8070: 8066: 8065: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8039: 8037:0-9664902-0-7 8033: 8029: 8025: 8020: 8012: 8004: 8002:0-8290-3171-5 7998: 7994: 7989: 7988: 7979: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7952: 7944: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7913:Contraception 7910: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7890: 7888:0-9664902-5-8 7884: 7880: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7835:Contraception 7829: 7827: 7825: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7769: 7765: 7762: 7757:Table 26–1 = 7754: 7750: 7746: 7740: 7736: 7729: 7727: 7718: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7699: 7697: 7688: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7655: 7649: 7645: 7644: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7578:(2): 113–23. 7577: 7573: 7566: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7500:(5): 563–85. 7499: 7495: 7488: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7466: 7463:. Amsterdam: 7462: 7461: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7439: 7428: 7427: 7420: 7418: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7297: 7295: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7262: 7260: 7251: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7210: 7195: 7191: 7185: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7128: 7126: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7083: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7061: 7055: 7047: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7028: 7020: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7001: 6992: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6973: 6965: 6963:0-471-89980-1 6959: 6955: 6948: 6946: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6915: 6913: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6890: 6889: 6881: 6879: 6870: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6660: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6624: 6617: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6400: 6399:Health Canada 6396: 6390: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6353: 6347: 6343: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6308: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6262:interleukin 6 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6160:for use as a 6159: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6045:United States 6038: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6003: 6002: 5991: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5971:sex offenders 5968: 5965:The state of 5960: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929:United States 5924: 5917:United States 5914: 5905: 5902: 5901:United States 5898: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5871: 5865: 5858: 5852: 5845: 5836: 5827: 5818: 5812: 5808: 5802:Generic names 5794: 5791: 5789: 5788:endometriosis 5781: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5743:United States 5740: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5558: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5534: 5529: 5528: 5514: 5512: 5511:birth control 5508: 5507:fertilization 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5431:20 to 50% in 5430: 5420: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5386:hydroxylation 5383: 5379: 5375: 5374:intramuscular 5371: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5334: 5330: 5329:particle size 5326: 5322: 5318: 5313: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5225:breast cancer 5223: 5219: 5218:proliferation 5209: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5113: 5112:flunitrazepam 5110: 5106: 5093: 5088: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4998:neurosteroids 4995: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4975:breast cancer 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4959:steroidogenic 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4894: 4893:neurosteroids 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4667:Dexamethasone 4665: 4664: 4657: 4652: 4649: 4640: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4618: 4613: 4611: 4606: 4604: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4504:triglycerides 4501: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4460:breast cancer 4451: 4448: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4431:endometriosis 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379:gonadotropins 4376: 4372: 4368: 4336: 4334: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4259: 4255: 4254:intramuscular 4252:All given by 4249: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4000: 3984: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3788: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3704: 3696: 3690: 3682: 3679: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3658:fertilization 3654: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3548:with similar 3547: 3543: 3529: 3522: 3516: 3509: 3503: 3502:dexamethasone 3496: 3490: 3483: 3477: 3470: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3162:breast cancer 3153: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3090: 3089:breastfeeding 3083:Breastfeeding 3080: 3071: 3069: 3063: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3021:meta-analysis 3018: 3014: 3010: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2986:hip fractures 2983: 2979: 2975: 2974:breast cancer 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2735:Global index 2734: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2650:Hip fractures 2648: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2566:Breast cancer 2564: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2445: 2435: 2424: 2414: 2404: 2393: 2387: 2378: 2370: 2359: 2350: 2343: 2339: 2332:Hypothesized 2327: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2292: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2248:breast cancer 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2087:birth defects 2084: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2050: 2049:breast cancer 2046: 2045: 2044: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1982:liver tumours 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963:liver disease 1960: 1957: 1956:breast cancer 1954:A history of 1953: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1748:endometriosis 1745: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1568:Effectiveness 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1554:intramuscular 1551: 1541: 1536: 1533:Medical notes 1531: 1527: 1523: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1475:Clinic review 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1459:Reversibility 1457: 1454:(12–14 weeks) 1451: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353:Birth control 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1300:antiepileptic 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1273:progestogenic 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261:breast cancer 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230:sex offenders 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1208:DMPA reduces 1206: 1204: 1200: 1199:micronization 1196: 1192: 1191:endometriosis 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175:gynecological 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1131:contraceptive 1128: 1118: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092:gonadotropins 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1057:harm the baby 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 978:endometriosis 975: 971: 970:birth control 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 929: 922: 913: 908: 907: 904: 897: 888: 887: 884: 877: 873: 871: 870:Melting point 867: 860: 856: 855: 853: 850: 845: 838: 836: 832: 811: 809: 805: 800: 796: 792: 789: 787: 785:ECHA InfoCard 781: 773: 769: 768:DTXSID0025527 765: 764: 762: 753: 749: 742: 738: 737: 735: 733: 729: 722: 718: 717: 715: 713: 709: 702: 698: 697: 695: 693: 689: 682: 678: 677: 675: 673: 669: 662: 658: 657: 655: 653: 649: 642: 638: 637: 635: 633: 629: 622: 618: 617: 615: 613: 609: 602: 598: 597: 595: 588: 584: 577: 573: 572: 570: 568: 564: 555: 554: 551: 544: 539: 535: 531: 528: 526: 522: 506: 495: 493: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 469:hydroxylation 466: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 447: 443: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 418: 415: 403: 401: 392: 389: 379: 378: 376: 374: 370: 365: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 329: 328: 326: 324: 320: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 298: 296: 292: 289: 285: 281: 277: 274: 272: 266: 260: 251: 250: 248: 246: 240: 236: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 216: 212: 208: 200: 196: 192: 190: 186: 182: 181: 163: 72: 70:Pronunciation 68: 65:Clinical data 63: 59: 54: 50: 45: 37: 33: 19: 23219:Progestogens 23065:Mifepristone 23049:Progesterone 23044:Pregnenolone 23039:Mifepristone 22924:Darolutamide 22920: 22909:Toripristone 22904:RTI 3021–022 22874:Lilopristone 22869:Aglepristone 22865: 22821: 22800:Telapristone 22721: 22686: 22636: 22595:Drospirenone 22581: 22368:Quingestanol 22343:Norgestimate 22338:Norgesterone 22333:Noretynodrel 22249:Etonogestrel 22175:Progestins: 22172: 22166:Trimegestone 22151:Promegestone 22052: 22041:Proligestone 21981:Melengestrol 21955: 21946:Medrogestone 21881:Flumedroxone 21836:Cymegesolate 21826:Clomegestone 21702: 21657: 21651:Quingestrone 21641:Progesterone 21572: 21457: 21442:Zavacorilant 21432:Toripristone 21422:Telapristone 21417:RTI 3021–022 21412:RTI 3021–012 21352:Lilopristone 21347:Ketoconazole 21332:Dazucorilant 21297:Aglepristone 21223: 21207:Quingestrone 21197:Promegestone 21192:Progesterone 21166: 21162:Medrogestone 21132:Etonogestrel 21078: 21035:Domoprednate 21021: 20971:Itrocinonide 20824: 20753:Prednylidene 20656:Halometasone 20635:Fluticasone 20595:Fluocinolone 20573:Fluclorolone 20469:Clocortolone 20385: 20333:Pregnenolone 20294:Prednazoline 20284:Prednisolone 20272:Prebediolone 20134:Dichlorisone 19960: 19846:Testosterone 19632:Pyrilutamide 19584: 19576: 19568: 19533:Lavender oil 19523:Ketoconazole 19488:Enzalutamide 19458:Darolutamide 19392:Bicalutamide 19367:Atraric acid 19339: 19334: 19318:Trimegestone 19273:Promegestone 19238:Mifepristone 19213:Medrogestone 19158:Drospirenone 19113:Clascoterone 19044: 19010: 18954:JNJ-37654032 18949:JNJ-28330835 18944:JNJ-26146900 18840: 18784: 18772: 18764: 18749: 18731:Quingestanol 18648:Etonogestrel 18634: 18614: 18587: 18577: 18567: 18552: 18536:Propetandrol 18477: 18466:Oxymetholone 18441:Methasterone 18395: 18389:Tiomesterone 18379:Oxymesterone 18271: 18251: 18172:Norclostebol 18147: 18143: 18052: 17990:Mepitiostane 17985:Epitiostanol 17968:Drostanolone 17919:Androsterone 17875: 17856:+dutasteride 17852:Testosterone 17820:DHEA sulfate 17673: 17579:Experimental 17426:Cervical cap 17394:Ormeloxifene 17376:Vaginal ring 17348:Vaginal ring 17254:Hormonal IUD 17079:Testosterone 17023: 17015: 16863:Mifepristone 16858:Aglepristone 16827:Telapristone 16762: 16756:Drospirenone 16752: 16741:Norgestimate 16716:Etonogestrel 16707: 16674:Norgesterone 16669:Noretynodrel 16625: 16622: 16602: 16599: 16593:Trimegestone 16588:Promegestone 16579: 16557: 16554: 16544: 16541:Medrogestone 16537: 16534:Proligestone 16503: 16440: 16437: 16422: 16416:Quingestrone 16411:Progesterone 16407: 16377:Progestogens 16365:Progestogens 16307: 16303: 16257: 16253: 16243: 16210: 16206: 16153: 16149: 16113: 16106: 16079: 16075: 16065: 16030: 16024: 15997: 15991: 15981: 15974: 15960:(4): 513–5. 15957: 15953: 15943: 15923: 15916: 15891: 15887: 15881: 15864: 15860: 15854: 15829: 15825: 15819: 15802: 15798: 15791: 15774: 15770: 15764: 15752:. 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Retrieved 12668:the original 12650: 12632: 12608:(1): 19–25. 12605: 12601: 12591: 12567:11585/541921 12550: 12546: 12540: 12510:(4): 39–54. 12507: 12503: 12497: 12472: 12468: 12462: 12437: 12433: 12426: 12412:(1): 73–83. 12409: 12405: 12395: 12375: 12341: 12337: 12299: 12290: 12266: 12259: 12224: 12220: 12210: 12177: 12173: 12143: 12136: 12116: 12109: 12089: 12082: 12073: 12069: 12059: 12039: 12032: 12007: 12003: 11997: 11972: 11968: 11962: 11935: 11925: 11900: 11896: 11890: 11865: 11861: 11855: 11835: 11828: 11808: 11801: 11774: 11764: 11744: 11737: 11729: 11714: 11707: 11680: 11670: 11650: 11643: 11623: 11616: 11596: 11589: 11569: 11562: 11537: 11533: 11505: 11499: 11480: 11471: 11446: 11442: 11413: 11373:(2): 163–8. 11370: 11366: 11360: 11336: 11273:(9): 792–8. 11270: 11266: 11222: 11218: 11211: 11184: 11180: 11139: 11132: 11105: 11101: 11091: 11074: 11070: 11064: 11037: 11033: 10995: 10991: 10985: 10952: 10948: 10942: 10905: 10901: 10891: 10874: 10870: 10864: 10853:the original 10839: 10802: 10798: 10787: 10755:(2): 181–9. 10752: 10748: 10738: 10719: 10708:the original 10694: 10686:the original 10675: 10638: 10634: 10624: 10597: 10593: 10583: 10556: 10552: 10542: 10517: 10513: 10507: 10477:(5): 615–8. 10474: 10470: 10463: 10436: 10432: 10422: 10398:(5): 581–7. 10395: 10392:Epidemiology 10391: 10381: 10346: 10342: 10332: 10307: 10303: 10293: 10281:. Retrieved 10277:the original 10272: 10259: 10247:. Retrieved 10243:the original 10236: 10208:. Retrieved 10194: 10178: 10174: 10128:(2): 63–75. 10125: 10121: 10079: 10075: 10036:(1): 42–48. 10033: 10029: 10023: 9990: 9986: 9980: 9945: 9941: 9931: 9894: 9890: 9842: 9838: 9793:(2): 77–84. 9790: 9786: 9740: 9736: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9653: 9649: 9639: 9606: 9602: 9585: 9552: 9548: 9542: 9518:(5): 591–7. 9515: 9511: 9501: 9481: 9474: 9454: 9447: 9420: 9416: 9390: 9373:(2): 75–87. 9370: 9366: 9360: 9327: 9323: 9303: 9294:(2): 110–7. 9291: 9287: 9281: 9261: 9232: 9226: 9217: 9202: 9167: 9163: 9129: 9125: 9119: 9107:. Retrieved 9100:the original 9056: 9049: 9037:. Retrieved 9029:Merck Manual 9000:. Retrieved 8993:the original 8976: 8953: 8940: 8924: 8918: 8898: 8891: 8871: 8864: 8844: 8837: 8825:. Retrieved 8774:(4): 400–7. 8771: 8767: 8761: 8750:the original 8729: 8725: 8712: 8701:the original 8675:(1): 73–85. 8672: 8668: 8635:. Retrieved 8630: 8620: 8611:. Retrieved 8599: 8587: 8575:. 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Retrieved 6622: 6593:. Retrieved 6586:the original 6581: 6533: 6529: 6483: 6479: 6403:. Retrieved 6398: 6389: 6377:. Retrieved 6369: 6360: 6346: 6294: 6278: 6231: 6223:testosterone 6209: 6190: 6155: 6104: 6095:luteal phase 6048: 6019:osteoporosis 6005: 5980: 5964: 5953: 5944: 5926: 5911: 5908:Availability 5894: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5863: 5850: 5838:Tooltip BANM 5811:generic name 5806: 5805: 5792: 5775: 5763:renal cancer 5751:metrorrhagia 5732: 5703:medrogestone 5661:progesterone 5644: 5495:decidualized 5470: 5458: 5449:unconjugated 5426: 5417:progesterone 5367: 5343: 5340:Distribution 5314: 5306:sublingually 5303: 5289:steady-state 5286: 5276:of MPA with 5267: 5241:progesterone 5230: 5215: 5178:hypothalamus 5143: 5130: 5119: 5089: 5053:mood changes 5022:5β-reductase 5014:pregnanolone 4994:Progesterone 4992: 4946:sex steroids 4942:biosynthesis 4932: 4885:progesterone 4863: 4841: 4837: 4832:(%) for the 4823:(VSMCs). = 4817:upregulation 4808: 4793:Progesterone 4777:Norgestimate 4699:Etonogestrel 4623: 4583:procoagulant 4579:blood vessel 4571:upregulation 4552: 4543:antiandrogen 4524: 4486: 4457: 4443: 4417:in boys and 4393:(ACTH), and 4364: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4287: 4271:luteal phase 4265: 4248: 4241: 4237: 4172:Progesterone 3947: 3935: 3828:Progesterone 3763: 3759: 3714:Progesterone 3623:(LH) by the 3613:hypothalamus 3603:and prevent 3598: 3588:derivatives 3582:progesterone 3558:progesterone 3556:relative to 3539: 3527: 3463:promegestone 3461:(100%) were 3454: 3347:Progesterone 3332: 3320: 3308: 3296: 3284: 3278: 3266:full agonist 3219:progesterone 3212: 3204:Pharmacology 3159: 3156:Interactions 3110:tolerability 3107: 3098: 3086: 3077: 3064: 3060: 3041: 3037:bone density 3034: 3031:Bone density 3006: 2993: 2956:(n) include 2954:Sample sizes 2950: 2943:person–years 2935:hazard ratio 2926: 2918: 2355: 2287: 2260: 2232:hip fracture 2224: 2211: 2207: 2191: 2188:Mood changes 2170: 2111: 2080: 2077:Side effects 2064: 2054: 2042: 1999:Hypertension 1991:and reduced 1913: 1910: 1901: 1856: 1813: 1793: 1679: 1661: 1659: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1631: 1629: 1619: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1547: 1416:depo-provera 1345:and risk of 1335:menstruation 1333:(absence of 1289: 1257:renal cancer 1207: 1195:progesterone 1183:dysmenorrhea 1159:osteoporosis 1124: 1121:Medical uses 1104: 1080:progesterone 1059:. MPA is an 1017:side effects 1014: 958:Depo-Provera 957: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936: 925: 489:Elimination 373:Legal status 367:Legal status 36: 32:progesterone 23058:Antagonists 22884:Onapristone 22859:Antagonists 22630:Spirorenone 22600:Mespirenone 22289:Lynestrenol 22239:Ethisterone 22217:Desogestrel 22197:Altrenogest 22156:Segesterone 22131:Norgestomet 22121:Nomegestrol 22096:Gestadienol 22081:Demegestone 22036:Pentarane A 21856:Edogestrone 21846:Delmadinone 21806:Cismadinone 21696:Trengestone 21626:Dimepregnen 21382:Onapristone 21322:CORT-108297 21279:Antagonists 21182:Norgestomet 21177:Metribolone 21122:Desogestrel 21102:Cyproterone 20976:Rofleponide 20966:Halcinonide 20961:Formocortal 20927:Flunisolide 20922:Flumoxonide 20895:Drocinonide 20858:Cicortonide 20853:Ciclesonide 20690:Meclorisone 20661:Icometasone 20527:Diflorasone 20505:Descinolone 20481:Cloticasone 20457:Clobetasone 20245:Loteprednol 20221:Halopredone 20197:Fluperolone 19831:Osteocalcin 19712:Vinclozolin 19697:Thalidomide 19692:Seviteronel 19622:Procymidone 19558:Masofaniten 19513:Inocoterone 19417:bisphenol S 19413:bisphenol F 19409:bisphenol A 19387:BAY-1024767 19362:Apalutamide 19308:Spiroxasone 19303:Spirorenone 19283:Rosterolone 19223:Mespirenone 19168:Edogestrone 19138:Delanterone 19128:Cyproterone 19118:Clometerone 19088:Benorterone 19073:Abiraterone 19038:Antagonists 18969:PF-06260414 18874:BMS-564,929 18798:Alternariol 18690:Lynestrenol 18643:Desogestrel 18526:Norboletone 18516:Metribolone 18461:Oxandrolone 18419:Mestanolone 18384:Penmesterol 18315:Formebolone 18280:Calusterone 18275:Bolasterone 18029:Prostanozol 18000:Mesterolone 17499:Nonoxynol-9 17486:Spermicides 17107:Adiponectin 17084:Thalidomide 17059:Oxandrolone 17034:Mirtazapine 16888:from market 16850:antagonists 16711:Desogestrel 16649:Lynestrenol 16634:Altrenogest 16616:Ethisterone 16583:Demegestone 16571:Norgestomet 16431:Trengestone 15754:20 November 15453:: A1, A14. 15346:26 February 14684:(1): 32–8. 13947:Endocr. Rev 13900:Climacteric 13389:Climacteric 12308:10665/44053 10955:(1): 43–8. 10076:Climacteric 9592:Prentice RL 9109:21 February 7793:(1): 1–12. 7303:Climacteric 7272:MedlinePlus 6480:Climacteric 6184:for use by 6079:New Zealand 5994:Controversy 5891:Brand names 5820:Tooltip INN 5759:endometrial 5483:endometrium 5472:Hot flashes 5423:Elimination 5402:conjugation 5394:metabolites 5114:to the GABA 4928:homogenates 4866:competitive 4797:Progestogen 4500:derivatives 3777:Progestogen 3653:endometrium 3515:aldosterone 3476:metribolone 3279:Progestogen 3013:coagulation 3003:Blood clots 2342:progestogen 2028:retinopathy 2024:nephropathy 2013:History of 1662:typical use 1640:typical use 1632:typical use 1597:typical use 1589:perfect use 1585:typical use 1578:perfect use 1574:perfect use 1462:3–18 months 1436:Typical use 1428:Perfect use 1396:Trade names 1271:due to its 1222:paraphilias 1216:to control 1151:hot flashes 1096:sex hormone 1064:progestogen 1041:blood clots 842: g·mol 791:100.000.689 541:Identifiers 519:): ~40 days 510:): ~50 days 481:conjugation 300:Progestogen 229:MedlinePlus 198:Other names 189:Trade names 23148:Categories 22914:Zanoterone 22879:Lonaprisan 22866:Steroidal: 22840:Naringenin 22830:Kaempferol 22810:Vilaprisan 22740:Asoprisnil 22722:Steroidal: 22695:ORG-201745 22675:Tanaproget 22570:Trestolone 22507:Nandrolone 22502:Mibolerone 22437:Dienedione 22427:Bolandione 22388:Tosagestin 22363:Oxendolone 22348:Norgestrel 22299:Metynodiol 22269:Gestrinone 22244:Ethynerone 22141:Oxogestone 22006:Mometasone 21896:Gestaclone 21861:Flugestone 21816:Clogestone 21756:Anagestone 21545:modulators 21461:IONIS-GCCR 21367:Miconazole 21302:Asoprisnil 21269:Mapracorat 21259:Dagrocorat 21137:Flugestone 21030:Cortivazol 21025:Cortisuzol 21015:Triclonide 20907:Fluazacort 20848:Budesonide 20818:Vamorolone 20782:Timobesone 20770:Ticabesone 20765:Rimexolone 20719:Mometasone 20600:Fluocortin 20445:Clobetasol 20360:Tixocortol 20350:Resocortol 20321:Prednisone 20289:Prednazate 20161:Etiprednol 20054:Cloprednol 19931:modulators 19825:-ornithine 19768:gadolinium 19617:Prochloraz 19612:Phenothrin 19592:Nilutamide 19563:Methiocarb 19483:Endosulfan 19448:Cioteronel 19443:Cimetidine 19433:BMS-641988 19428:BMS-570511 19423:BMS-501949 19397:Bisphenols 19352:Antarlides 19328:Zanoterone 19263:Oxendolone 19208:Ludaterone 19198:Galeterone 19148:Dicirenone 19045:Steroidal: 19011:Steroidal: 19004:Vosilasarm 18899:GSK2881078 18854:AC-262,536 18813:Trilostane 18721:Norgestrel 18670:Gestrinone 18638:Δ-Tibolone 18521:Mibolerone 18471:Stanozolol 18424:Metenolone 18201:Trenbolone 18160:Nandrolone 18110:Dienedione 18034:Stenbolone 17995:Mesabolone 17847:Silandrone 17842:Quinbolone 17837:Plomestane 17832:Formestane 17827:Exemestane 17749:Atamestane 17646:modulators 17566:Abstinence 17541:Withdrawal 17508:Behavioral 17456:Copper IUD 17259:Copper IUD 17117:Anandamide 17094:Endogenous 17069:Prednisone 17049:Olanzapine 17044:Nandrolone 16778:trenbolone 16770:nandrolone 16746:Norgestrel 16726:Gestrinone 16694:Oxendolone 16382:progestins 15663:Africa)". 15487:15 October 15341:nhm.gov.in 14842:FR 1295307 12933:Aronson JK 10902:The Lancet 9656:: 131–50. 9002:11 January 7406:22 January 7309:(1): 1–3. 7199:14 January 7174:14 January 6770:8 December 6379:22 October 6338:References 6297:aggression 6227:nandrolone 5977:Generation 5921:See also: 5747:amenorrhea 5680:methylated 5678:or the 6α- 5657:derivative 5623:See also: 5485:undergoes 5439:following 5429:eliminated 5404:. The C6α 5382:metabolism 5364:Metabolism 5264:Absorption 5192:including 5073:anesthesia 5057:anxiolysis 4925:testicular 4854:See also: 4809:Footnotes: 4535:antagonist 4473:virilizing 4369:(HPA) and 3794:(mg/cycle) 3760:Footnotes: 3619:(FSH) and 3198:metabolism 3190:depression 3186:metastases 3142:drowsiness 3093:postpartum 2911:0.83–2.66 2903:1.21–3.48 2897:Decreased 2884:0.99–1.77 2876:0.63–1.25 2858:1.10–1.58 2850:0.99–1.34 2832:1.77–2.82 2824:1.61–2.18 2806:1.35–2.06 2798:1.28–1.97 2792:Increased 2780:0.77–1.01 2772:0.67–0.93 2753:1.09–1.12 2744:1.03–1.28 2727:0.91–1.12 2718:0.82–1.18 2712:Decreased 2698:0.64–0.80 2689:0.69–0.83 2683:Decreased 2669:0.45–0.94 2660:0.47–0.96 2654:Decreased 2632:0.48–1.36 2613:0.75–1.55 2604:0.38–0.81 2598:Decreased 2585:0.62–1.04 2576:1.02–1.50 2570:Increased 2557:0.99–1.75 2548:1.57–2.70 2542:Increased 2529:0.90–2.07 2520:1.45–3.11 2514:Increased 2501:1.09–1.73 2492:1.02–1.68 2486:Decreased 2473:0.79–1.15 2464:1.00–1.54 2458:Decreased 2236:colorectal 2194:depression 2152:, reduced 2122:thrombosis 2107:deficiency 2099:amenorrhea 2032:neuropathy 1843:See also: 1810:Comparison 1676:Advantages 1491:protection 1374:Background 1331:amenorrhea 1315:metabolism 1251:including 1238:palliative 1187:amenorrhea 1084:androgenic 1061:artificial 1055:as it may 986:paraphilia 954:injectable 847:3D model ( 835:Molar mass 721:CHEBI:6716 681:C2QI4IOI2G 652:ChemSpider 612:IUPHAR/BPS 567:CAS Number 550:IUPAC name 534:conjugates 460:Metabolism 295:Drug class 280:sublingual 23209:Pregnanes 23184:Diketones 22964:ZM-172406 22959:ZM-150271 22949:LG-121046 22944:LG-120830 22939:LG-100128 22934:LG-100127 22929:LG-001447 22899:ORG-33628 22894:ORG-31806 22889:ORG-31710 22835:LG-120920 22815:ZK-137316 22795:RMI-12936 22790:ORG-33628 22785:ORG-31710 22760:LG-120838 22690:ORG-47241 22680:ZM-182345 22670:RWJ-60130 22665:RWJ-49853 22660:RWJ-26819 22650:LG-100128 22610:Prorenone 22590:Canrenone 22565:Trendione 22442:Dienolone 22417:Bolandiol 22264:Gestodene 22254:Etynodiol 22222:Dienogest 22207:Cingestol 22071:Amadinone 22016:Osaterone 21966:Megestrol 21741:Algestone 21691:Ro 6-3129 21631:Diosgenin 21397:ORG-34850 21387:ORG-34116 21157:Gestodene 21062:Oxisopred 21040:Naflocort 20988:Tralonide 20355:Tipredane 20255:Medrysone 20122:Deprodone 20110:Cortisone 20037:Amebucort 19811:-arginine 19796:Estradiol 19776:strontium 19772:magnesium 19760:aluminium 19727:YM-175735 19662:Ro 5-2537 19657:Ro 2-7239 19607:PF-998425 19602:Pentomone 19543:LG-120907 19503:Flutamide 19498:Fenarimol 19438:CH5137291 19377:Bakuchiol 19313:Topterone 19278:Prorenone 19253:Osaterone 19248:Nordinone 19233:Mexrenone 19153:Dienogest 19103:Canrenone 19024:TFM-4AS-1 18964:ORM-11984 18904:GSK-4336A 18894:GLPG-0492 18818:ZM-182345 18665:Gestodene 18653:Etynodiol 18409:Furazabol 18300:Enestebol 18228:Trendione 18189:Oxabolone 18115:Dienolone 18088:Bolandiol 18017:Nisterime 17771:Clostebol 17754:Boldenone 17515:Including 17431:Diaphragm 17328:Oral pill 17298:Vasectomy 17142:Melatonin 17127:Cortisone 16997:Clonidine 16984:Exogenous 16898:Phase III 16886:Withdrawn 16792:, others) 16721:Gestodene 16639:Dienogest 16626:Estranes: 16603:Estranes: 15399:22 August 15373:22 August 14886:abortion. 14558:0378-5173 14523:0168-3659 14178:Maturitas 14132:Maturitas 14009:: 30–38. 13121:Menopause 13102:0144-3615 12677:15 August 12532:144580633 12524:0890-7064 12358:1072-0162 11793:278011135 11477:Glasier A 11443:Maturitas 10658:2164/4151 9184:1747-4108 8658:Holtorf K 8491:Epilepsia 8433:781956734 8375:221776781 7753:781956734 7599:Horm. Res 7101:2278-4357 7054:cite book 6819:Drugs.com 6707:: 151–9. 6575:"Provera" 6530:Maturitas 6268:, with a 6216:androgens 6178:estradiol 6083:Indonesia 5967:Louisiana 5950:5 mg 5647:synthetic 5645:MPA is a 5619:Chemistry 5465:ovulation 5408:and C17α 5118:receptor 5038:dizziness 4869:inhibitor 4838:Strength: 4781:Progestin 4765:Progestin 4749:Progestin 4735:Progestin 4719:Progestin 4715:Gestodene 4703:Progestin 4468:hirsutism 4387:estrogens 4383:androgens 4210:Aq. susp. 4193:Aq. soln. 4176:Oil soln. 4154:Oil soln. 4144:>14 d 4132:Aq. susp. 4122:14–50+ d 4110:Aq. susp. 4090:Oil soln. 4068:Aq. susp. 4046:Oil soln. 4024:Oil soln. 3986:Compound 3940:ovulation 3629:estradiol 3605:ovulation 3578:ovulation 3489:estradiol 3184:to treat 3134:dizziness 3052:bone loss 2929:. p.o. = 2891:Probable 2708:mortality 2679:fractures 2173:fertility 2154:ejaculate 2150:impotence 2103:vitamin B 2060:Pregnancy 1979:malignant 1971:cirrhosis 1965:: (acute 1885:estradiol 1410:Drugs.com 1387:First use 1287:as well. 1285:hirsutism 1210:sex drive 1135:ovulation 1100:ovulation 1068:activates 1053:pregnancy 1037:bone loss 1033:headaches 966:progestin 741:ChEMBL717 525:Excretion 517:aq. susp. 504:aq. susp. 491:half-life 477:reduction 304:Progestin 269:Routes of 243:Pregnancy 221:Monograph 215:Drugs.com 176:-tər-ohn 172:-ee-proh- 23138:Medicine 23081:See also 23002:Agonists 22825:Apigenin 22780:ORF-9326 22775:ORF-9371 22687:Unknown: 22383:Tigestol 22378:Tibolone 22136:ORG-2058 21676:DU-41165 21671:DU-41164 21566:Agonists 21481:See also 21427:Tibolone 21357:LLY-2707 21232:GSK-9027 21227:AZD-5423 21127:DU-41165 21072:RU-28362 21067:RU-26988 20556:Dimesone 20083:Cortisol 19953:Agonists 19862:See also 19749:Agonists 19722:YM-92088 19687:RU-58841 19682:RU-58642 19677:RU-57073 19672:RU-56187 19667:RU-22930 19597:ONC1-13B 19548:LGD-1331 19473:Dieldrin 19467:p,p’-DDE 19372:AZD-3514 19357:Arabilin 19288:RU-15328 19228:Metogest 19163:DU-41165 18999:S-101479 18979:RU-59063 18934:LGD-4033 18929:LGD-3303 18919:LGD-2226 18909:GSK-8698 18808:Drupanol 18803:Cl-4AS-1 18743:Tibolone 17924:Bolazine 17667:Agonists 17550:Avoiding 17318:Combined 17294:(female) 17039:Nabilone 17017:Cannabis 16910:See also 16708:Gonanes: 16704:Tibolone 16400:agonists 16324:12701517 16284:29230399 16235:22533823 16227:15102587 16170:20933120 16057:11842755 15873:12319319 15783:12257656 15693:34683749 15685:12946044 15543:12335988 15516:Archived 15481:Archived 15463:Archived 15459:11646958 15424:Archived 14978:Archived 14910:23617013 14810:19158035 14775:Archived 14483:26021562 14353:11720029 14310:31127826 14198:15036491 14116:24777672 14088:Steroids 14031:22731802 14023:24291402 13977:31512725 13928:29808177 13920:23758160 13882:Archived 13852:daily.16 13793:42764270 13735:21796848 13727:14644065 13689:10372718 13639:11605131 13631:11750861 13585:18291663 13549:15181090 13413:24616324 13405:16112947 13367:23343761 13359:12181616 13324:archived 13141:10914617 12953:Archived 12919:Archived 12888:16166329 12847:12044431 12839:10819508 12728:29756046 12624:17986639 12583:39706760 12575:25692882 12282:Archived 12251:12567639 12243:12641635 12202:26116247 11554:10561657 11463:14670641 11395:45767999 11352:Archived 11295:24703323 11287:16784762 11267:Steroids 11247:25584803 11239:10509795 11203:10077001 11155:Archived 10934:31204114 10883:26710371 10831:25612136 10779:25578825 10730:Archived 10667:25183264 10616:18757687 10575:19013564 10534:12015524 10499:22565912 10491:10197077 10455:15699307 10414:12192229 10324:16627031 10204:Archived 10183:Archived 10150:23760705 10142:21538049 10096:29570359 10058:58947063 10050:30669160 10015:45898359 9972:32394836 9964:21114755 9923:30741807 9914:10983016 9869:22872710 9815:28053690 9807:21559819 9765:51628832 9757:30008249 9719:31593637 9711:15516400 9672:18348708 9631:20149703 9623:12117397 9577:35891204 9569:15358281 9534:11829697 9387:12954518 9344:29496297 9300:10338269 9241:12286194 9072:Archived 9033:Archived 8984:(2006). 8968:Archived 8948:(2004). 8929:Archived 8827:31 March 8821:Archived 8796:22449765 8788:18660693 8746:17627398 8689:19179815 8604:Archived 8539:Archived 8521:22284176 8513:16981856 8472:12384205 8329:10454658 8299:39556669 8291:11727175 8165:Archived 8161:10224544 8054:(1998). 7943:15288211 7855:12954518 7815:11340062 7807:18470526 7764:Archived 7627:42507159 7619:16286768 7522:23378403 7479:Archived 7379:Archived 7375:16575429 7323:20067429 7277:Archived 7250:22895916 7194:ClinCalc 7168:Archived 7164:ClinCalc 7114:2 August 6980:(2019). 6903:Archived 6764:Archived 6729:23985966 6721:26291834 6665:31 March 6629:31 March 6595:31 March 6550:19434889 6508:24616324 6500:16112947 6405:24 March 6311:See also 6305:neutered 6301:spraying 6260:such as 6170:estrogen 6152:Research 6110:people." 6075:Thailand 6026:Zimbabwe 5987:pregnane 5969:permits 5849:, while 5737:and the 5683:analogue 5650:pregnane 5610:in women 5590:in women 5570:in women 5548:Indivina 5501:remains 5493:that is 5445:excreted 5232:in vitro 5170:anabolic 5166:cytokine 5158:appetite 5121:in vitro 5081:epilepsy 5046:hypnotic 5042:sedation 5034:receptor 5000:such as 4923:(in rat 4895:such as 4842:Sources: 4687:Estrogen 4624:in vitro 4413:such as 4395:cortisol 4242:Sources: 4166:11–52 d 4036:14–32 d 3948:Sources: 3821:(mg/day) 3812:(mg/day) 3803:(mg/day) 3785:(mg/day) 3764:Sources: 3669:Compound 3637:estrogen 3554:efficacy 3550:affinity 3528:Sources: 3517:for the 3504:for the 3491:for the 3478:for the 3465:for the 3240:for the 3238:affinity 3223:androgen 3178:interact 3170:thrombus 3166:dementia 3126:vomiting 3104:Overdose 3074:HIV risk 2994:Sources: 2941:. PYs = 2931:per oral 2925:. MPA = 2893:dementia 2762:Diabetes 2369:Estrogen 2338:Estrogen 2267:thrombus 2263:dementia 2166:diabetes 2138:vomiting 2130:headache 2067:menarche 2020:Diabetes 1927:Current 1920:arterial 1883:(CEEs), 1774:epilepsy 1770:seizures 1713:Minimal 1692:estrogen 1666:Norplant 1622:guidance 1515:Benefits 1478:12 weeks 1452:3 months 1382:Hormonal 1327:spotting 1296:seizures 1292:epilepsy 1181:such as 1171:uteruses 1149:such as 1023:such as 1019:include 1004:, or by 998:by mouth 994:estrogen 928:(verify) 632:DrugBank 450:88% (to 323:ATC code 276:By mouth 245:category 22845:PRA-910 22645:LG-2527 22620:SC-8109 22553:(e.g., 22536:RU-2309 22514:(e.g., 22321:(e.g., 22281:(e.g., 22212:Danazol 21317:C113176 21312:C108297 21202:RU-2309 21112:Danazol 19818:-lysine 19806:(incl. 19764:calcium 19758:(incl. 19756:Cations 19553:Linuron 19493:EPI-001 19399:(e.g., 19188:EM-6537 19183:EM-5855 19178:EM-5854 19173:EM-4350 19019:MK-0773 19014:EM-9017 18994:S-40503 18849:ACP-105 18844:198RL26 18709:(e.g., 18682:(e.g., 18591:Danazol 18541:RU-2309 18481:Bolenol 17196:methods 17132:Ghrelin 16768:(e.g., 16763:Others: 16606:Danazol 16545:Others: 16275:5701269 16098:9088277 15966:5925038 15846:7662691 15811:8341476 15720:8725705 15649:8585888 15613:1387601 15578:7750280 15430:20 June 15420:Haaretz 15003:Nogest. 14733:6451351 14593:1271819 14475:1958567 14435:8013220 14395:8725700 14345:1884566 14266:1101759 14226:17 June 14152:8015506 14108:1198624 13968:7156851 13785:8516376 13593:5830825 13540:1440328 13500:2933398 13454:6213817 13304:2144198 13295:1663616 13255:2968646 13220:2141886 13184:2362454 13149:3076514 13064:4332067 13029:1200527 12804:3155506 12763:8536777 12719:5944393 12489:5066846 12454:6449127 12418:8891323 12194:2525057 12024:6223851 11989:6452729 11917:8013216 11882:8013220 11387:6233840 11124:9452274 11056:1390312 11012:1387602 10977:8295162 10969:6126406 10925:6675739 10822:4303292 10770:4526270 10373:8111260 10364:2539337 10104:4229701 10007:6223801 9860:3413580 9439:9649914 9352:3644828 8697:2060730 8637:19 June 8613:19 June 8577:19 June 8545:19 June 8367:1831802 8153:2991641 8109:21 June 8078:21 June 7970:2199875 7934:3638209 7761:States. 7584:1534051 7557:2974757 7432:2 April 7366:1413960 7241:7039145 6174:prodrug 6125:active. 6105:reduces 6067:Germany 5853:is the 5809:is the 5729:History 5723:cancers 5669:acetate 5653:steroid 5503:viscous 5487:atrophy 5476:vaginal 5427:MPA is 5410:acetoxy 5350:albumin 5323:MPA in 5184:in the 5176:in the 5077:seizure 5028:of the 4973:and in 4952:. The K 4871:of rat 4819:(↑) in 4630:Steroid 4573:of the 4222:7–14 d 4157:100–200 4102:5–21 d 4099:250–500 4093:250–500 4080:9–16 d 4058:8–13 d 3838:200–300 3544:of the 3542:agonist 3459:ligands 3217:of the 3215:agonist 3146:fatigue 2958:placebo 2945:. CI = 2937:. AR = 2933:. HR = 2252:strokes 2203:anxiety 2177:Fetuses 2071:surgery 1961:Active 1862:tablets 1611:(1998) 1236:, as a 1015:Common 1000:, used 964:of the 840:386.532 808:Formula 641:DB00603 587:PubChem 576:71-58-9 452:albumin 416:Rx-only 413:WARNING 398:: 353: ( 351:L02AB02 343: ( 341:G03DA02 339:) 333: ( 331:G03AC06 258: D 235:a604039 180:-i-tayt 23124:Portal 21636:P1-185 21451:Others 21246:SEGRMs 19741:GPRC6A 19717:YM-580 19647:RD-162 19538:LG-105 18889:FTBU-1 17300:(male) 17243:(LARC) 17074:Sugars 16881:WHO-EM 16782:esters 16774:esters 16322: 16282: 16272: 16233: 16225: 16168: 16121: 16096: 16055: 16045: 16012: 15964: 15931: 15908:865726 15906: 15871: 15844: 15809: 15781: 15718: 15691: 15683: 15647: 15611: 15576: 15541: 15457: 15268: 15241: 15211: 15183:8 July 15150: 15123: 15074: 15042: 14950: 14908: 14867: 14848: 14808: 14767: 14731: 14698:833262 14696: 14659: 14619: 14591: 14556: 14521: 14481: 14473: 14433: 14393: 14351: 14343: 14308: 14264: 14196: 14150: 14114: 14106: 14069:975821 14067: 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4373:(HPG) 4213:50–200 4205:1–2 d 4188:2–6 d 4113:50–100 4033:75–150 3938:OID = 3513:, and 3455:Notes: 3225:, and 3168:, and 3148:, and 3122:nausea 3114:safety 3046:put a 2988:, and 2966:stroke 2951:Notes: 2921:CEs = 2706:Total 2677:Total 2482:Stroke 2265:, and 2146:libido 2136:, and 2134:nausea 2095:libido 2015:stroke 1975:benign 1887:, and 1851:, and 1761:, and 1704:stroke 1654:(2007) 1648:(2004) 1605:(1994) 1259:, and 1245:cancer 1189:, and 1167:cancer 1157:, and 1115: 1074:, the 1047:, and 1031:, and 990:cancer 883:SMILES 732:ChEMBL 701:C08150 473:CYP3A4 410: 400:℞-only 386: 183: 22755:J1042 22709:SPRMs 22704:Mixed 21241:Mixed 19405:BFDGE 19401:BADGE 19347:AA560 19029:YK-11 18939:LY305 18829:SARMs 17386:SERMs 16815:SPRMs 16380:(and 16231:S2CID 16146:(PDF) 15689:S2CID 15337:(PDF) 14981:(PDF) 14974:(PDF) 14479:S2CID 14349:S2CID 14112:S2CID 14027:S2CID 13924:S2CID 13789:S2CID 13731:S2CID 13635:S2CID 13589:S2CID 13409:S2CID 13385:(PDF) 13363:S2CID 13145:S2CID 12843:S2CID 12671:(PDF) 12660:(PDF) 12642:(PDF) 12579:S2CID 12528:S2CID 12247:S2CID 12198:S2CID 11391:S2CID 11291:S2CID 11243:S2CID 10973:S2CID 10856:(PDF) 10849:(PDF) 10711:(PDF) 10704:(PDF) 10495:S2CID 10210:3 May 10186:(PDF) 10171:(PDF) 10146:S2CID 10100:S2CID 10054:S2CID 10011:S2CID 9987:Drugs 9968:S2CID 9811:S2CID 9761:S2CID 9715:S2CID 9627:S2CID 9599:(PDF) 9573:S2CID 9348:S2CID 9219:gain. 9103:(PDF) 9096:(PDF) 8996:(PDF) 8989:(PDF) 8792:S2CID 8753:(PDF) 8722:(PDF) 8704:(PDF) 8693:S2CID 8665:(PDF) 8607:(PDF) 8596:(PDF) 8571:(PDF) 8564:(PDF) 8517:S2CID 8371:S2CID 8295:S2CID 8168:(PDF) 8149:JSTOR 8129:(PDF) 8072:(PDF) 8059:(PDF) 7811:S2CID 7623:S2CID 7518:S2CID 7382:(PDF) 7349:(PDF) 7327:S2CID 7108:(PDF) 7085:(PDF) 6725:S2CID 6655:(PDF) 6619:(PDF) 6589:(PDF) 6578:(PDF) 6504:S2CID 6476:(PDF) 6281:manic 6168:, an 5883:) or 5672:ester 5437:feces 5433:urine 5333:depot 5315:With 5228:cells 5222:MCF-7 5206:TNF-α 5198:IL-1β 5194:IL-1α 4902:THDOC 4815:(TR) 4633:Class 4516:liver 4049:25–50 4008:POICD 3989:Form 3866:5–10 3857:20–30 3754:0.15 3708:(nM) 3645:sperm 2990:death 2908:1.49 2900:2.05 2881:1.32 2873:0.89 2855:1.32 2847:1.15 2829:2.15 2821:1.87 2803:1.67 2795:1.59 2777:0.88 2769:0.79 2750:1.01 2741:1.15 2724:1.04 2715:0.98 2695:0.71 2686:0.76 2666:0.65 2657:0.67 2629:0.81 2610:1.08 2601:0.56 2582:0.80 2573:1.24 2554:1.32 2545:2.06 2526:1.37 2517:2.13 2498:1.37 2489:1.31 2470:0.95 2461:1.24 2371:alone 2118:edema 2001:with 1940:with 1706:, or 1562:depot 1525:Risks 1444:Usage 1312:liver 952:) in 903:InChI 849:JSmol 712:ChEBI 530:Urine 465:Liver 170:DROKS 22989:PAQR 19837:SHBG 19780:zinc 19478:DIMP 19093:BOMT 18989:S-23 18879:DTIB 16780:and 16772:and 16367:and 16320:PMID 16280:PMID 16223:PMID 16166:PMID 16119:ISBN 16094:PMID 16053:PMID 16043:ISBN 16010:ISBN 15962:PMID 15929:ISBN 15904:PMID 15869:PMID 15842:PMID 15807:PMID 15779:PMID 15756:2006 15716:PMID 15681:PMID 15645:PMID 15609:PMID 15574:PMID 15539:PMID 15489:2016 15455:PMID 15432:2015 15401:2006 15375:2006 15348:2020 15266:ISBN 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7883:ISBN 7851:PMID 7803:PMID 7749:OCLC 7739:ISBN 7711:ISBN 7681:ISBN 7648:ISBN 7615:PMID 7580:PMID 7553:PMID 7510:PMID 7469:ISBN 7434:2018 7408:2009 7371:PMID 7319:PMID 7285:2010 7246:PMID 7224:2012 7201:2024 7176:2024 7140:ISBN 7116:2018 7097:ISSN 7060:link 7040:ISBN 7013:ISBN 6958:ISBN 6927:ISBN 6893:ISBN 6863:ISBN 6772:2016 6717:PMID 6667:2018 6631:2018 6597:2018 6546:PMID 6496:PMID 6407:2024 6381:2023 6299:and 6264:and 6225:and 6081:and 5866:the 5862:and 5856:DCIT 5825:USAN 5761:and 5705:and 5663:and 5540:oral 5463:and 5376:and 5368:The 5344:The 5202:IL-6 5132:GABA 5095:GABA 5030:GABA 5020:and 4985:GABA 4948:and 4858:and 4677:100 4661:(%) 4589:and 4529:and 4506:and 4495:and 4466:and 4464:acne 4375:axes 4341:OHPC 4013:CICD 3930:5.0 3908:5.0 3902:5–10 3888:1.0 3844:200 3835:4200 3694:(nM) 3680:(nM) 3592:and 3568:and 3552:and 3427:160 3363:100 3124:and 3015:and 2430:95% 2399:95% 2340:and 2254:and 2238:and 2225:The 2198:mood 2196:and 2116:and 1942:aura 1871:for 1859:oral 1739:and 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