Oral hygiene - Knowledge

829:(table sugar) is most commonly associated with cavities. The amount of sugar consumed at any one time is less important than how often food and drinks that contain sugar are consumed. The more frequently sugars are consumed, the greater the time during which the tooth is exposed to low pH levels, at which point demineralisation occurs (below 5.5 for most people). It is important therefore to try to encourage infrequent consumption of food and drinks containing sugar so that teeth have a chance to be repaired by remineralisation and fluoride. Limiting sugar-containing foods and drinks to meal times is one way to reduce the incidence of cavities. Sugars from 162: 1067:(oral thrush) and denture stomatitis; the inflammation and redness of the oral mucosa underneath the denture. For the elderly, wearing a denture during sleep has been proven to greatly increase the risk of pneumonia. It is now recommended that dentures should be stored in a dry container overnight, as keeping dentures dry for 8 hours significantly reduces the amount of Candida albicans on an acrylic denture. Approximately once a week it is recommended to soak a denture overnight with an alkaline-peroxide denture cleansing tablet, as this has been proved to reduce bacterial mass and pathogenicity. 366:, also known as dental biofilm, is a sticky, yellow film consisting of a wide range of bacteria that attaches to the tooth surfaces and can be visible around the gum line. It starts to reappear after the tooth surface has been cleaned, which is why regular brushing is encouraged. A high-sugar diet encourages the formation of plaque. Sugar (fermentable carbohydrates), is converted into acid by the plaque. The acid then causes the breakdown of the adjacent tooth, eventually leading to tooth decay. 1206:

The psychiatric patients observed that their oral hygiene was lacking and after the presentation, their oral care increased drastically. It was reported by Shappell and her colleagues that individuals with psychiatric disorders stated that they do nothing for their oral health. She found that these individuals struggle with chronic oral pain and that is a stressor that decreases serotonin levels causing their mental health disorders to be a bigger challenge.

5791: 547: 465: 441:. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to evaluate the caries inhibiting characteristics of slow release fluoride glass beads. However, in terms of preventing gum disease, the use of toothpaste does not increase the effectiveness of the activity with respect to the amount of plaque removed. People use toothpaste with nano-hydroxyapatite instead of fluoride as it performs the same function, and some people believe fluoride in toothpaste is a 416:– the three most common oral diseases. The average brushing time for individuals is between 30 seconds and just over 60 seconds. Many oral health care professionals agree that tooth brushing should be done for a minimum of two minutes, and be practiced at least twice a day. Brushing for at least two minutes per session is optimal for preventing the most common oral diseases, and removes considerably more plaque than brushing for only 45 seconds. 33: 5815: 114: 310:(ADHA) stated in 1998 that there is no evidence that scaling and polishing only above the gums provides therapeutic value, and cleaning should be done under the gums as well. The Cochrane Oral Health Group found only three studies meeting the criteria for inclusion in their study and found little evidence in them to support claims of benefits from supragingival (above the gum) tooth scaling or tooth polishing. 5803: 1235: 294:

visits, but this advice is contraindicated by evidence suggesting that check up frequency should be based on individual risk factors, or the AHHA's check-up schedule. In the UK, it is common practice to invite people for check-ups every 6 months; however, recent research has shown that this isn't necessary for people who have low risk of oral disease. Professional cleaning includes

983:(warm salty water) is usually recommended after procedures like dental extractions. In a study completed in 2014, warm saline mouthrinse was compared to no mouthrinse in preventing alveolar osteitis (dry socket) after extraction. In the group that was instructed to rinse with saline, the prevalence of alveolar osteitis was less than in the group that did not. 502:

The movements of the bristles and their vibrations help break up chains of bacteria up to 5mm below the gum line. The oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush on the other hand uses the same mechanical action as produced by manual tooth brushing – removing plaque via mechanical disturbance of the biofilm – however at a higher frequency.

1018:, found in brands such as Colgate Plax, Crest Pro Health, Oral B Pro Health Rinse. In a meta-analyses completed in 2016, EO and CPC mouthrinses were compared and it was found that plaque and gingivitis levels were lower with EO mouthrinse when used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque removal (toothbrushing and interdental cleaning). 1201:

The findings showed that individuals were less likely to go to the dentist regularly because they felt that they would be treated differently, unfairly, or judged . At a National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, a survey of about 150 questions was asked to a group of about 17,000

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In a study of an Australian community, there was a semi-structured interview that included males and females over the age of eighteen. The goal was to see how having mental health challenges affects a person's overall health, focusing mainly on oral health. The results showed not going to the dentist

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is as important as brushing, and helps to remove any plaque build-up, as well as smaller food particles that are stuck in your braces or between your teeth. Floss threaders for braces or interdental brushes are also an option. Furthermore, fluoride foam (high fluoride concentrations) application by a

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Sonic or ultrasonic toothbrushes vibrate at a high frequency with a small amplitude, and a fluid turbulent activity that aids in plaque removal. The rotating type might reduce plaque and gingivitis compared to manual brushing, though it is currently uncertain whether this is of clinical significance.

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is an antiseptic mouthrinse that should only be used in two-week time periods due to brown staining on the teeth and tongue. Compared to essential oils, it is more efficacious in controlling plaque levels, but has no better effect on gingivitis and is therefore generally used for post-surgical wound

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People with intellectual disability have increased risk of developing oral health problems like gum diseases or dental decay than the general population. For those people with severe disability, understanding the importance of oral hygiene and developing skills to achieve higher quality of oral care

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Another factor which affects the risk of developing cavities is the stickiness of foods. Some foods or sweets may stick to the teeth and so reduce the pH in the mouth for an extended time, particularly if they are sugary. It is important that teeth be cleaned at least twice a day, preferably with a

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In a study involving 2,784 psychiatric patients and 31,084 people from the general population, along with 131 nurses, a dental hygienist educated these patients on the importance of oral hygiene. The dental hygienist provided a twenty-minute PowerPoint presentation to show proper cleaning methods.

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properly at least once a day (avoiding toothpaste and using soap) and to soak them overnight with an alkaline-peroxide denture cleansing tablet once a week. Hot temperatures will warp the shape of the retainer, therefore rinsing under cold water is preferred. Keeping the retainer in a plastic case

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The tongue contains numerous bacteria which causes bad breath. Bad breath, also considered as Halitosis, is a bad oral hygiene habit that also leads to dehydration and other medical conditions. Parents are always concerned by bad breath among their toddlers, but they feel embarrassed to talk about

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Interdental brushes come in a range of color-coded sizes. They consist of a handle with a piece of wire covered in tapered bristles, designed to be placed into the interdental space for plaque removal. Studies indicate that interdental brushes are equally or more effective than floss when removing

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There are a few different options on the market that can make flossing easier if dexterity or coordination is a barrier, or as a preference over normal floss. Floss threaders are ideal for cleaning between orthodontic appliances, and flossettes are ideal for children and those with poor dexterity.

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Tooth brushing alone will not remove plaque from all surfaces of the tooth as 40% of the surfaces are interdental. One technique that can be used to access these areas is dental floss. When the proper technique is used, flossing can remove plaque and food particles from between the teeth and below

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The technique is crucial to the effectiveness of tooth brushing and disease prevention. Back and forth brushing is not effective in removing plaque at the gum line. Tooth brushing should employ a systematic approach, angle the bristles at a 45-degree angle towards the gums, and make small circular

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in dental health has been increasingly recognized. Data from human oral microbiology research shows that a commensal microflora can switch to an opportunistic pathogenic flora through complex changes in their environment. These changes are driven by the host rather than the bacteria. Archeological

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to adjust the natural fluoride concentration of a community's water supply to the level recommended for optimal dental health, approximately 1.0 ppm (parts per million). Fluoride is a primary protector against dental cavities. Fluoride makes the surface of teeth more resistant to acids during the

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must be kept extremely clean. It is recommended that dentures be cleaned mechanically twice a day with a soft-bristled brush and denture cleansing paste. It is not recommended to use toothpaste, as it is too abrasive for acrylic, and will leave plaque retentive scratches in the surface. Dentures

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Single-tufted brushes are a tool in conjunction with tooth brushing. The tooth brush is designed to reach the 'hard to reach places' within the mouth. This tool is best used behind the lower front teeth, behind the back molars, crooked teeth and between spaces where teeth have been removed. The

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The Australian Healthcare and Hospital Association's (AHHA) most recent evidence brief suggests that dental check-ups should be conducted once every three years for adults, and one every two years for children. It has been documented that dental professionals frequently advise for more frequent

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Foods high in fiber (like vegetables) may help to increase the flow of saliva, and a bolus of fibre like celery string, fresh carrot or broccoli can force saliva into trapped food inside pits and fissures on chewing surfaces where over 80% of cavities occur, to dilute carbohydrates like sugar,

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is the most common global disease. Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after eating and saliva and fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralize demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer

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are toothbrushes with moving or vibrating bristle heads. The two main types of electric toothbrushes are the sonic type which has a vibrating head, and the oscillating-rotating type in which the bristle head makes constant clockwise and anti-clockwise movements. Electric toothbrushes are more

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Using electric tooth brushes is less complex in regards to brushing technique, making it a viable option for children, and adults with limited dexterity. The bristle head should be guided from tooth to tooth slowly, following the contour of the gums and crowns of the tooth. The motion of the

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If plaque is left on a subgingival (under the gum) surface undisturbed, not only is there an increased risk of tooth decay, but it will also go on to irritate the gums and make them appear red and swollen. Some bleeding may be noticed during tooth brushing or flossing. These are the signs of

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is a dental tool which consists of a head of nylon bristles attached to a long handle to help facilitate the manual action of tooth brushing. Furthermore, the handle aids in reaching as far back as teeth erupt in the oral cavity. The tooth brush is arguably a person's best tool for removing

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and having dental fear. People suffering from mental health disorders can have problems arising due to neglect of daily care of oral hygiene. For example, the problems that may arise are dry mouth, dental caries, jaw pain, oral cancer, and periodontitis (also called gum disease). In a

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are designed to remove the debris built up on the tongue. Using a toothbrush to clean the tongue is another possibility, however it might be hard to reach the back of the tongue and the bristles of the toothbrush may be too soft to remove the debris. Steps of using a tongue scraper:

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treatment, it is recommended to use a small-sized or specialized toothbrush with a soft head to access hard-to-reach areas. Brushing after every meal is highly advisable. Using a high fluoride toothpaste during treatment can be more effective than using a normal toothpaste. Regular

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from teeth, thus capable of preventing all plaque-related diseases if used routinely, correctly and effectively. Oral health professionals recommend the use of a tooth brush with a small head and soft bristles as they are most effective in removing plaque without damaging the gums.

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is one of the leading risk factors associated with periodontal diseases. It is thought that smoking impairs and alters normal immune responses, eliciting destructive processes while inhibiting reparative responses promoting the incidence and development of periodontal diseases.

4523:"Oral Hygiene in Patients With Severe Mental Illness: A Pilot Study on the Collaboration Between Oral Hygienists and Mental Health Nurses: Oral Hygiene in Patients With Severe Mental Illness: A Pilot Study on the Collaboration Between Oral Hygienists and Mental Health Nurses" 1947:

Clarkson, Jan E.; Pitts, Nigel B.; Goulao, Beatriz; Boyers, Dwayne; Ramsay, Craig R.; Floate, Ruth; Braid, Hazel J.; Fee, Patrick A.; Ord, Fiona S.; Worthington, Helen V.; van der Pol, Marjon; Young, Linda; Freeman, Ruth; Gouick, Jill; Humphris, Gerald M. (20 November 2020).

1042:, a common household bleach, can be used as a 0.2% solution for 30 seconds two or three times a week as a cheap and effective means of combating harmful bacteria. The commercial product is 5% or 6%, so this requires diluting the product by a factor of about 30 (half a 382:

Dental calculus is composed of calcium phosphate minerals with live microorganisms that is covered by a unmineralized layer. The longer that plaque stays on the tooth surface, the harder and more attached to the tooth it becomes. That is when it is referred to as

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Harrison Z, Johnson A, Douglas CW (May 2004). "An in vitro study into the effect of a limited range of denture cleaners on surface roughness and removal of Candida albicans from conventional heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material".

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designed to massage the gum line and the bases of the areas between the teeth. Such stimulators help to increase circulation to the gum line and to clear away bacteria which might not be removed by brushing and flossing alone.

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Acids contained in fruit juice, vinegar and soft drinks lower the pH level of the oral cavity which causes the enamel to demineralize. Drinking drinks such as orange juice or cola throughout the day raises the risk of dental

143:(cavities), for example, have become a major endemic disease, affecting 60-90% of schoolchildren in industrialized countries. In contrast, dental caries and periodontal diseases were rare in pre-Neolithic and early hominins. 2400:

Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Nijboer A, Lie MA, Van der Velden U (August 1993). "A comparative study of electric toothbrushes for the effectiveness of plaque removal in relation to toothbrushing duration. Timerstudy".

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should be taken out at night, as leaving them in whilst sleeping has been linked to poor oral health. Leaving a denture in during sleep reduces the protective cleansing and antibacterial properties of saliva against

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General guidelines for adults suggest brushing at least twice a day with a fluoridated toothpaste: brushing before going to sleep at night and after breakfast in the morning. Cleaning between the teeth is called

91:. This is because a toothbrush cannot reach between the teeth and therefore only removes about 50% of plaque from the surface of the teeth. There are many tools available for interdental cleaning which include 5601: 2804: 2690:

Park SY, Kim SH, Kang SH, Yoon CH, Lee HJ, Yun PY, et al. (April 2019). "Improved oral hygiene care attenuates the cardiovascular risk of oral health disease: a population-based study from Korea".

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may not be their top priority. Therefore, studies have been conducted to assess different interventions to improve the knowledge and skills of the people with intellectual disabilities and their carer.

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one must attend a college or university that is approved by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and take the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination. There are several degrees one may receive. An

433:, or alternatives such as nano-hydroxyapatite, is an important tool to readily use when tooth brushing. The fluoride (or alternative) in the dentifrice is an important protective factor against 3114:

Flemmig TF, Newman MG, Nachnani S, Rodrigues A, Calsina G, Lee Y, et al. (1989). "Chlorhexidine and irrigation in gingivitis: 6 months correlative clinical and microbiological findings".

423:, but a sustained regime of plaque removal above the gum line can affect the ecology of the microbes below the gums and may reduce the number of pathogens in pockets up to 5 mm in depth. 102:

Sometimes white or straight teeth are associated with oral hygiene. However, a hygienic mouth can have stained teeth or crooked teeth. To improve the appearance of their teeth, people may use

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Some dental professionals recommend subgingival irrigation, also known as water flossing, as a way to clean teeth and gums. Oral irrigators may be used instead of or in addition to flossing.

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Van Leeuwen MP, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA (February 2011). "Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review".

316:, which are applied by dentists, cover and protect fissures and grooves in the chewing surfaces of back teeth, preventing food from becoming trapped and thereby halt the decay process. An 218:

Since before recorded history, a variety of oral hygiene measures have been used for teeth cleaning. This has been verified by various excavations done throughout the world, in which

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Haas AN, Wagner TP, Muniz FW, Fiorini T, Cavagni J, Celeste RK (December 2016). "Essential oils-containing mouthwashes for gingivitis and plaque: Meta-analyses and meta-regression".

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and needs to be removed by a dental professional. If this is not treated, the inflammation will lead to the bone loss and will eventually lead to the affected teeth becoming loose.

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after attending community college is the most common and only takes two years to obtain. After doing so, one may work in a dental office. There is also the option of receiving a

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The type of floss used is a personal preference; however, without proper technique it may not be effective. The correct technique to ensure maximum plaque removal is as follows:

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Strydonck DA, Slot DE, Velden U, Weijden F. "Effect of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on plaque, gingival inflammation and staining in gingivitis patients: a systematic review."

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people. It was found that people struggling with bad oral health came from areas of low income, did not visit the dentist regularly, and struggled with poor mental health.

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evidence of calcified dental plaque shows marked shifts in the oral microbiome towards a disease-associated microbiome with cariogenic bacteria becoming dominant during the

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Limited evidence links poor oral health to cognitive decline. However, failure to perform tooth brushing and gingival inflammation can be used as dementia risk predictors.

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For upper teeth grasp the floss with thumb and index finger, for lower teeth with both index fingers. Ensure that a length of roughly an inch is left between the fingers.

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and fluoride toothpaste, to remove any food sticking to the teeth. Regular brushing and the use of dental floss also removes the dental plaque coating the tooth surface.

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Toothbrushes with pointed rubber tips at the ends of the handles have been available for many years, and have more recently been replaced by a standalone tool called a

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assists oral irrigation between and around the teeth, cleaning and removing particles, but for teeth in poor condition it may damage or remove loose fillings as well.

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Van der Weijden FA, Timmerman MF, Snoek IM, Reijerse E, Van der Velden U (July 1996). "Toothbrushing duration and plaque removing efficacy of electric toothbrushes".

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settings. The sponge is used to moisten and clear the patient's mouth of debris or thickened saliva in situations where conventional toothbrushing is not an option.

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Patients need to be aware of the importance of brushing and flossing their teeth daily. New parents need to be educated to promote healthy habits in their children.

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Stafford GD, Arendorf T, Huggett R (April 1986). "The effect of overnight drying and water immersion on candidal colonization and properties of complete dentures".

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Hashizume LN, Dariva A (December 2015). "Effect of sonic vibration of an ultrasonic toothbrush on the removal of Streptococcus mutans biofilm from enamel surface".

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Creeth JE, Gallagher A, Sowinski J, Bowman J, Barrett K, Lowe S, et al. (2009). "The effect of brushing time and dentifrice on dental plaque removal in vivo".

331:, good oral hygiene is essential for preventing tartar build-up which causes the problems mentioned above. This is done through careful, frequent brushing with a 3576:

Osunde OD, Adebola RA, Adeoye JB, Bassey GO (May 2014). "Comparative study of the effect of warm saline mouth rinse on complications after dental extractions".

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Cobb CM, Rodgers RL, Killoy WJ (March 1988). "Ultrastructural examination of human periodontal pockets following the use of an oral irrigation device in vivo".

1900: 525:(ADA) reports that up to 80% of plaque may be removed by this method. The ADA recommends cleaning between the teeth as part of one's daily oral hygiene regime. 2523:

McCracken GI, Janssen J, Swan M, Steen N, de Jager M, Heasman PA (May 2003). "Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush".

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Routine tooth brushing is the principal method of preventing many oral diseases, and perhaps the most important activity an individual can practice to reduce

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Grine FE, Gwinnett AJ, Oaks JH (1990). "Early hominid dental pathology: interproximal caries in 1.5 million-year-old Paranthropus robustus from Swartkrans".

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Chewing on solid objects such as ice can chip teeth, leading to further tooth fractures. Chewing on ice has been linked to symptoms of anemia. People with

722:(FDI World Dental Federation) has promoted foods such as raw vegetables, plain yogurt, cheese, or fruit as dentally beneficial—this has been echoed by the 2860:

Re D, Augusti G, Battaglia D, Giannì AB, Augusti D (March 2015). "Is a new sonic toothbrush more effective in plaque removal than a manual toothbrush?".

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Julihn A, Barr Agholme M, Modeer T (June 2008). "Risk factors and risk indicators in relation to incipient alveolar bone loss in Swedish 19-year-olds".

5596: 5586: 1342: 3819:"Impact of Denture Cleaning Method and Overnight Storage Condition on Denture Biofilm Mass and Composition: A Cross-Over Randomized Clinical Trial" 667: 55:) and adopting good hygiene habits. It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease and 1194:

twenty-five-year study, it was found that people suffering from mental health disorders have a 2.8 times increased chance of losing their teeth.

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de Mey, Langha; Çömlekçi, Ceren; de Reuver, Fione; van Waard, Ineke; van Gool, Ronald; Scheerman, Janneke F.M.; van Meijel, Berno (July 2016).

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Beals D, Ngo T, Feng Y, Cook D, Grau DG, Weber DA. "Development and laboratory evaluation of a new toothbrush with a novel brush head design."

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more than manual toothbrushing in both short and long term. Further evidence is needed to determine the clinical importance of these findings.

1713:"Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions" 1142:

Several recent clinical studies suggest oral disease and inflammation (oral bacteria & oral infections) may be a risk factor for serious

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acts as a suppressor of the bacteria that cause plaque, therefore it helps in sustaining oral health and is advisable during or after a meal.

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Huttenhower C, Gevers D, Knight R, Abubucker S, Badger JH, Chinwalla AT, et al. (Human Microbiome Project Consortium) (June 2012).

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Start at the back of the tongue and gently scrape forwards. Be sure to clean the sides of the tongue, as well as the middle portion

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is the most important bacteria in causing caries. Modern oral microbiota are significantly less diverse than historic populations.

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claim to improve dental health. Sugar-free chewing gum stimulates saliva production, and helps to clean the surface of the teeth.

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plaque and reducing gum inflammation. They are especially recommended to people with orthodontics, often to use as well as floss.

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Identify the size required, the largest size that will fit without force is ideal, if necessary more than one size can be used.

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Waxed floss: less susceptible to tearing or shredding when used between tight contacts or areas with overhanging restorations.

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this with a toddler dentist. When one starts noticing the bad breath among toddlers, there is a need to instantly help them.

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Position the floss in such a way that it becomes securely wrapped around the interdental surface of the tooth in a C shape.

4332:"Perceptions of oral health by those living with mental illnesses in the Victorian Community - The consumer's perspective" 3377: 5651: 5215: 4803: 2953:

Schmid MO, Balmelli OP, Saxer UP (August 1976). "Plaque-removing effect of a toothbrush, dental floss, and a toothpick".

2805:"New research finds electric toothbrushes 'fairly horrifying' for the environment - but bamboo brushes aren't the answer" 4719: 5709: 5235: 4818: 3231: 1885: 1776: 3173:

The Doctors Book of Home Remedies: Quick Fixes, Clever Techniques, and Uncommon Cures to Get You Feeling Better Fast

2728:"Home oral hygiene is associated with blood pressure profiles: Results of a nationwide survey in Italian pharmacies" 770:, for instance) as a major source of vitamin D helps an individual's teeth and gums to get more benefits of calcium. 532:

Unwaxed floss: Unbound nylon filaments that spread across the tooth. Plaque and debris get trapped for easy removal.

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motions at that angle. This action increases the effectiveness of the technique in removing plaque at the gum line.

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Palmer RM, Wilson RF, Hasan AS, Scott DA (2005). "Mechanisms of action of environmental factors--tobacco smoking".

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and rinsing it beforehand considered to help reduce the number of bacteria being transferred back into the mouth.

5352: 4980: 4957: 3973: 3878:"Overnight storage of removable dentures in alkaline peroxide-based tablets affects biofilm mass and composition" 1161: 2458:

Saxer UP, Barbakow J, Yankell SL. "New studies on estimated and actual toothbrushing times and dentifrice use."

5807: 5626: 5576: 5388: 5285: 5046: 4947: 4860: 3131:"The efficacy of interdental brushes on plaque and parameters of periodontal inflammation: a systematic review" 1278: 17: 468:

A six-sided toothbrush used to brush all sides of the teeth, in both the upper and lower jaw, at the same time

5856: 5819: 5459: 5230: 4277:"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Poor Oral Health and Severe Mental Illness" 4397:"Stigma of addiction and mental illness in healthcare: The case of patients' experiences in dental settings" 258:

and similar products; a person chews one end of the neem twig until it somewhat resembles the bristles of a

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Daly B, Thompsell A, Sharpling J, Rooney YM, Hillman L, Wanyonyi KL, White S, Gallagher JE (January 2018).

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Sugars are commonly associated with dental cavities. Other carbohydrates, especially cooked starches, e.g.

166: 4563: 2782: 798:, may also damage teeth, although to a lesser degree (and indirectly) since starch has to be converted to 320:

strip has been shown to force sealant deeper inside opposing chewing surfaces and can also force fluoride

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in a full glass of water). The solution will lose activity with time and may be discarded after one day.

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Waldron C, Nunn J, Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Comiskey C, Guerin S, van Harten MT, et al. (May 2019).

818:, are likely to cause more damage to teeth than those in less 'sticky' foods, such as certain forms of 404:

buildup. Controlling plaque reduces the risk of the individual with plaque-associated diseases such as

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Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Grassi G, Muiesan ML, Monaco A, Cossolo M, et al. (December 2022).

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Tiwari, Tamanna; Kelly, Abigail; Randall, Cameron L.; Tranby, Eric; Franstve-Hawley, Julie (2022).

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or interdental brushes to prevent accumulation of plaque on the teeth. Powered toothbrushes reduce

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quills have been found. In historic times, different forms of tooth cleaning tools have been used.

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Kisely, Steve; Baghaie, Hooman; Lalloo, Ratilal; Siskind, Dan; Johnson, Newell W. (January 2015).

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Greenstein G (April 1988). "The ability of subgingival irrigation to enhance periodontal health".

5846: 5772: 5699: 5531: 4032:"Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment" 1620:"Periodontitis: a host-mediated disruption of microbial homeostasis. Unlearning learned concepts" 1076: 1026: 969: 5795: 5767: 5546: 5270: 4756: 4667: 3817:

Duyck J, Vandamme K, Krausch-Hofmann S, Boon L, De Keersmaecker K, Jalon E, Teughels W (2016).

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Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny AM (June 2014).

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Ensure that the floss is taken below the gum margins using a back and forth up and down motion.

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Kilian M, Chapple IL, Hannig M, Marsh PD, Meuric V, Pedersen AM, et al. (November 2016).

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Deacon SA, Glenny AM, Deery C, Robinson PG, Heanue M, Walmsley AD, Shaw WC (December 2010).

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After the cleaning is completed, rinse the tongue scraper and any debris that is left behind

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single- tufted brush design has an angled handle, a 4mm diameter and rounded bristle tips.

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Adler CJ, Dobney K, Weyrich LS, Kaidonis J, Walker AW, Haak W, et al. (April 2013).

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against the teeth was also common; however, this can increase gum and tooth sensitivity.

255: 4412: 3834: 2618: 2597: 1578: 1160:: Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients has been reported to reduce the risk of 448:

Population studies shown that regular tooth brushing is associated with reduced risk of

5359: 4942: 4791: 4633: 4583: 4564:"Understanding the Mental-Dental Health Connection Said to Be Integral to Patient Care" 4498: 4463: 4439: 4396: 4377: 4312: 4238: 4205: 4181: 4156: 4056: 4031: 3853: 3818: 3759: 3734: 3553: 3528: 3428: 3403: 2966: 2913: 2888: 2752: 2727: 2667: 2642: 2414: 2351: 2297: 2249: 2216: 2162: 2137: 2082: 2052: 2027: 1949: 1813: 1765: 1737: 1712: 1644: 1619: 1595: 1562: 1538: 1511: 1436: 1411: 1131: 736: 283: 279: 1198:

for cleanings, and not brushing their teeth at all, resulted in signs of tooth decay.

5521: 5516: 5444: 5393: 5167: 5147: 5135: 5095: 5066: 5034: 4952: 4845: 4813: 4709: 4625: 4587: 4544: 4503: 4485: 4444: 4426: 4369: 4361: 4304: 4296: 4243: 4225: 4186: 4137: 4110: 4105: 4080: 4061: 3899: 3858: 3799: 3795: 3764: 3712: 3708: 3676: 3628: 3593: 3558: 3509: 3504: 3487: 3468: 3464: 3433: 3308: 3265: 3213: 3177: 3152: 3147: 3130: 3077: 3050: 2970: 2918: 2869: 2842: 2757: 2708: 2672: 2623: 2578: 2574: 2540: 2536: 2489: 2441: 2418: 2329: 2289: 2254: 2236: 2167: 2057: 1979: 1853: 1849: 1818: 1772: 1742: 1690: 1685: 1668: 1649: 1635: 1600: 1543: 1492: 1441: 1387: 1383: 1011: 980: 957: 384: 188: 96: 4637: 4316: 4276: 3733:

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if one plans to work in an educational institute either for teaching or research.

712:

Eating a balanced diet and limiting sugar intake can help prevent tooth decay and

506:

toothbrush head removes the need to manually oscillate the brush or make circles.

5747: 5449: 5252: 5245: 5180: 5120: 5002: 4992: 4922: 4895: 4880: 4835: 4825: 4776: 4579: 4421: 4292: 3843: 1370:

Claydon NC (2008). "Current concepts in toothbrushing and interdental cleaning".

1253: 1240: 1216: 929: 921: 689:, are small sponges attached to a stick, often used for oral care in hospital or 420: 299: 103: 3894: 3877: 3735:"Denture wearing during sleep doubles the risk of pneumonia in the very elderly" 3624: 1998:"American Dental Hygienists' Association Position Paper on the Oral Prophylaxis" 5434: 5220: 5157: 5142: 5125: 5083: 4885: 4766: 4464:"Association Between Mental Health and Oral Health Status and Care Utilization" 3589: 3419: 2704: 2204:(1st ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1792:

Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C (September 2005).

1427: 1268: 1263: 991: 961: 690: 644: 617: 453: 313: 180: 156: 152: 88: 3046: 2285: 2232: 5835: 5742: 5621: 5429: 5403: 5280: 5240: 5205: 5195: 5175: 4917: 4875: 4850: 4798: 4786: 4781: 4690: 4489: 4480: 4430: 4365: 4300: 4229: 4221: 3750: 2598:"Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents" 2386: 2240: 1983: 1119: 1091: 854: 478: 409: 401: 363: 340: 295: 204: 196: 184: 173: 76: 4621: 3672: 3404:"Tobacco use and incidence of tooth loss among US male health professionals" 1477: 1460: 5762: 5190: 5029: 5007: 4937: 4830: 4744: 4629: 4548: 4507: 4448: 4373: 4308: 4247: 4190: 4141: 4114: 4065: 3903: 3862: 3768: 3716: 3680: 3632: 3597: 3562: 3513: 3472: 3437: 3402:

Dietrich T, Maserejian NN, Joshipura KJ, Krall EA, Garcia RI (April 2007).

3217: 3201: 3156: 2922: 2873: 2846: 2761: 2712: 2676: 2627: 2582: 2544: 2493: 2333: 2293: 2258: 2217:"Dental calculus - oral health, forensic studies and archaeology: a review" 2171: 2061: 1822: 1746: 1694: 1653: 1604: 1547: 1496: 1445: 1391: 1248: 1178: 937: 625:

Rinse the tongue scraper in order to clean it and remove any present debris

515: 438: 336: 107: 92: 3803: 3232:"Academy of General Dentistry. How Does What I Eat Affect My Oral Health?" 3081: 3054: 2974: 2445: 2422: 1857: 27:

Cleaning the mouth by brushing the teeth and cleaning in between the teeth

5757: 5454: 5152: 5061: 5024: 1343:"Delivering better oral health: an evidence-based toolkit for prevention" 1103: 986: 894: 870: 795: 778: 498:

expensive than manual toothbrushes and more damaging to the environment.

473: 208: 192: 140: 60: 4356: 2942:. Vol. Section III (40th ed.). Council on Dental Therapeutics. 1586: 1487: 748:. Drinking fluoridated water is recommended by some dental professional. 603:

Rinse with warm soapy water once complete and store in a clean dry area.

419:

Toothbrushing can only clean to a depth of about 1.5 mm inside the

5383: 5105: 4331: 2889:"Different powered toothbrushes for plaque control and gingival health" 2743: 1043: 999: 882: 546: 464: 442: 426: 405: 371: 344: 332: 321: 275: 259: 219: 212: 200: 99:; it is up to each individual to choose which tool they prefer to use. 72: 56: 48: 4654: 4539: 4522: 4347: 3529:"Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities" 3526: 3488:"The influence of smoking on host responses in periodontal infections" 1974: 1528: 564:

Ease the floss gently between the teeth using a back and forth motion.

437:, and an important supplement needed to remineralize already affected 324:

inside chewing surfaces to aid in remineralising demineralised teeth.

36:

Proper oral hygiene requires regular brushing and interdental cleaning

5481: 5300: 4870: 4751: 4603:"Evidence summary: the relationship between oral health and dementia" 2472:

Robinson HB (September 1946). "Toothbrushing habits of 405 persons".

2435: 1965: 1157: 995: 965: 953: 819: 763: 756: 702: 686: 680: 317: 235: 4155:

Zhao T, Wu X, Zhang Q, Li C, Worthington HV, Hua F (December 2020).

4030:

Benson PE, Parkin N, Dyer F, Millett DT, Germain P (November 2019).

2189:(2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. p. 4. 1829: 1728: 594:

Insert the bristles into the interdental space at a 90-degree angle.

32: 5347: 5100: 4734: 4704: 1791: 1669:"How is the development of dental biofilms influenced by the host?" 1563:"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome" 1461:"The oral microbiome - an update for oral healthcare professionals" 1098: 1059: 866: 838: 811: 243: 2399: 2373:

Dahl LO, Muhler JC (1955). "Oral Hygiene habits of young adults".

2026:

Lamont T, Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Beirne PV (December 2018).

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Procedures Manual to Accompany Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice

5019: 2989:"Toddler Bad Breath: A Comprehensive Guide for Concerned Parents" 2725: 1106:. However, more research needs to be carried out regarding this. 1003: 858: 850: 842: 834: 826: 799: 785:

neutralize acid and remineralize teeth on easy-to-reach surfaces.

752: 306:; this is usually followed by a fluoride treatment. However, the 227: 44: 4659: 4520: 4395:

Brondani, Mario A.; Alan, Rana; Donnelly, Leeann (22 May 2017).

3816: 3401: 1560: 113: 5314: 2643:"Slow-release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay" 2595: 2025: 1007: 910: 862: 815: 807: 767: 706: 539: 434: 413: 267: 263: 43:

is the practice of keeping one's oral cavity clean and free of

4128:

Lai YL (August 2004). "Osteoporosis and periodontal disease".

4001: 3658: 3113: 2640: 2596:

Marinho VC, Worthington HV, Walsh T, Clarkson JE (July 2013).

1189:

There is found to be a strong correlation between people with

1102:

dentist every 6–8 weeks during treatment, could reduce dental

5476: 2641:

Chong LY, Clarkson JE, Dobbyn-Ross L, Bhakta S (March 2018).

2319: 1794:"The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health" 830: 287: 239: 118: 4600: 4562:

Shappell, Antoinette V.; Cartier, Pierre M. (27 June 2023).

3095:

Ciancio S (1988). "Oral Irrigation: A Current Perspective".

2135: 1706: 1704: 762:

The body cannot absorb all the required calcium if it lacks

701:

Foods that help muscles and bones also help teeth and gums.

5602:

Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

5408: 3876:

Duyck J, Vandamme K, Muller P, Teughels W (December 2013).

3875: 3169: 2028:"Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults" 247: 231: 223: 4274: 3200:

Dyck D, Bertone M, Knutson K, Campbell A (November 2012).

3199: 1710: 558:

Floss length: 15–25 cm wrapped around middle fingers.

542:): Slides easily through tight contacts and does not fray. 3575: 3128: 2886: 2522: 1946: 1701: 774: 575:

Special flossettes are made for those with orthodontics.

4461: 4079:

Li X, Kolltveit KM, Tronstad L, Olsen I (October 2000).

4078: 3129:

Slot DE, Dörfer CE, Van der Weijden GA (November 2008).

2859: 2561:

Slots J (October 2012). "Low-cost periodontal therapy".

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The steps in using an interdental brush are as follows:

211:. Severe gum disease causes at least one-third of adult 4029: 3781: 3578:

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

1660: 1611: 1452: 3693: 3610: 3450: 1758: 1756: 987:

Essential oils (EO) or cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC)

3732: 2138:"Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health" 1762: 1503: 1137: 4394: 3810: 1898: 1230: 913:

tend to want to eat food with no nutritional value.

2952: 1923:"Dental check-ups every six months are unnecessary" 1753: 2429: 1899:Gussy MG, Bracksley SA, Boxall AM (27 June 2013). 1767:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology 1764: 1554: 600:Rinse under water to remove debris when necessary. 3775: 3728: 3726: 3032: 2393: 2350:. World Health Organization. 2012. Archived from 1835: 857:, which allows the bacteria to use the resulting 5833: 3202:"Improving oral care practice in long-term care" 3176:. Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale. p. 442. 1874:. Centers for Disease Control. 12 December 2018. 1509: 1209: 751:Milk, cheese, nuts and chicken are also rich in 597:Move the brush back and forth between the teeth. 550:A dental hygienist demonstrates dental flossing. 4561: 2832: 2689: 1785: 1617: 1512:"Probiotics: A Promising Role in Dental Health" 4330:Ho, HD; Satur, J; Meldrum, R (29 March 2017). 4329: 3723: 3003: 278:properties and has been widely used since the 262:, and then uses it to brush the teeth. In the 59:. The most common types of dental disease are 4675: 4655:World Health Organization site on oral health 4262:"How mental illness affects your oral health" 4154: 3687: 3378:"The cold, hard truth: Chewing ice and teeth" 2184: 1075:As with dentures, it is recommended to clean 1030:healing or the short-term control of plaque. 4081:"Systemic diseases caused by oral infection" 3971: 3652: 3604: 3569: 3479: 3444: 3395: 3170:Prevention Magazine Editors (2 March 2010). 3012:"Using a Tongue Cleaner for a Cleaner Mouth" 2880: 2853: 2518: 2516: 2193: 1416:Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science 1184: 845:can also cause cavities. Sucrose is used by 370:inflammation that indicate poor gum health ( 4161:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4036:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3533:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3333:. Orthodontics Australia. 27 September 2017 3163: 2893:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2647:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2602:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2142:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2032:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1666: 1510:Mahasneh SA, Mahasneh AM (September 2017). 146: 5637:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4682: 4668: 4130:Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 3067: 2934: 2932: 2828: 2826: 2474:Journal of the American Dental Association 2372: 2199: 1901:"How often should you have dental visits?" 1326: 1170:or extreme high birth weight of one's baby 759:, and may also encourage remineralization. 709:, which manifests as serious gum disease. 5597:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 5587:Center for Disease Control and Prevention 4538: 4497: 4479: 4438: 4420: 4355: 4237: 4180: 4104: 4055: 3893: 3852: 3842: 3758: 3552: 3503: 3427: 3146: 2912: 2751: 2666: 2617: 2513: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2265: 2248: 2161: 2106: 2051: 1973: 1812: 1801:Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1736: 1684: 1643: 1594: 1537: 1527: 1486: 1476: 1435: 1365: 1363: 2862:European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2768: 2556: 2554: 2471: 2465: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 652: 545: 463: 160: 112: 31: 5642:Health departments in the United States 4336:International Journal of Dental Hygiene 3974:"Taking Care of Your Teeth with Braces" 3135:International Journal of Dental Hygiene 3094: 2929: 2823: 2214: 2005:American Dental Hygienists' Association 1409: 1369: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 952:There are three commonly used kinds of 936:also causes significant damage, due to 810:) first. Sugars in foods that are more 308:American Dental Hygienists' Association 14: 5834: 5647:Council on Education for Public Health 4206:"No Mental Health without Oral Health" 4203: 3295:American Dental Hygienists Association 2946: 2308: 2178: 1360: 1033: 705:is necessary, for example, to prevent 578: 489: 353: 5705:Professional degrees of public health 5612:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 4663: 4025: 4023: 3996: 3994: 3967: 3965: 3485: 3255: 3195: 3193: 3009: 2560: 2551: 2500: 2452: 2131: 2129: 1618:Bartold PM, Van Dyke TE (June 2013). 1405: 1403: 1401: 1274:List of oral health and dental topics 5802: 5695:Bachelor of Science in Public Health 3122: 2366: 1920: 1331:. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier. 1291: 1014:. CPC containing mouthwash contains 459: 51:) by regular brushing of the teeth ( 5814: 4963:Workers' right to access the toilet 4804:Human right to water and sanitation 4127: 3944:"How to Take Care of Your Retainer" 3353:"Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic" 729: 685:Oral care swabs, commonly known as 24: 4210:The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 4020: 3991: 3962: 3647:Journal of Clinical Periodontology 3453:Journal of Clinical Periodontology 3190: 2967:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1976.tb01863.x 2955:Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2732:Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2525:Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2415:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00394.x 2403:Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2340: 2126: 1673:Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1667:Marsh PD, Devine DA (March 2011). 1398: 1138:Oral hygiene and systemic diseases 1049: 719:Fédération dentaire internationale 661: 638: 610: 390: 302:, and, if tartar has accumulated, 124:The importance of the role of the 25: 5868: 5236:Commercial determinants of health 4689: 4648: 3097:Biological Therapies in Dentistry 724:American Dental Association (ADA) 696: 395: 5813: 5801: 5790: 5789: 4819:National public health institute 4527:Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 3918:"How to care for your retainer?" 3709:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01250.x 3505:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00163.x 3465:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00786.x 3148:10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00330.x 2575:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00429.x 2537:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.20008.x 1686:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01673.x 1636:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00450.x 1384:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00273.x 1233: 1215:This section is an excerpt from 1021: 789: 274:, made from a twig or root, has 5216:Open-source healthcare software 4958:Sociology of health and illness 4594: 4555: 4514: 4455: 4388: 4323: 4268: 4254: 4197: 4148: 4121: 4072: 3936: 3910: 3869: 3639: 3520: 3370: 3345: 3323: 3301: 3280: 3249: 3224: 3107: 3088: 3061: 3026: 2981: 2797: 2785:. Australian Dental Association 2783:"Brushing – Your Dental Health" 2719: 2683: 2634: 2589: 2486:10.14219/jada.archive.1946.0156 2208: 2100: 2068: 2019: 1990: 1940: 1914: 1892: 1878: 1864: 1162:ventilator-associated pneumonia 865:polymer film and the resulting 606:Replace once bristles are worn. 5577:Caribbean Public Health Agency 5389:Sexually transmitted infection 5286:Statistical hypothesis testing 5047:Occupational safety and health 4948:Sexual and reproductive health 4861:Occupational safety and health 4173:10.1002/14651858.CD008367.pub4 4048:10.1002/14651858.cd003809.pub4 3697:Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 3545:10.1002/14651858.CD012628.pub2 2905:10.1002/14651858.CD004971.pub2 2659:10.1002/14651858.CD005101.pub4 2610:10.1002/14651858.CD002279.pub2 2274:Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 2154:10.1002/14651858.CD002281.pub3 2044:10.1002/14651858.CD004625.pub5 1771:. Cambridge University Press. 1763:Arthur C. Aufderheide (1998). 1335: 1279:List of basic dentistry topics 889: 71:) and gum diseases, including 13: 1: 5231:Social determinants of health 4097:10.1128/CMR.13.4.547-558.2000 4085:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2835:American Journal of Dentistry 2438:American Journal of Dentistry 2215:Forshaw R (9 December 2022). 2202:Essentials of Pathophysiology 2113:Stratland Dental Glendale, AZ 1921:Saul, Helen (23 April 2021). 1872:"Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)" 1410:Lee DW, Moon IS (June 2011). 1284: 1210:Relation to cognitive decline 928:Regular vomiting, as seen in 777:which is richly endowed with 674: 254:, and its products to create 5291:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 5052:Human factors and ergonomics 4580:10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.6.15 4422:10.1371/journal.pone.0177388 4293:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000135 3844:10.1371/journal.pone.0145837 3796:10.1016/0300-5712(86)90051-5 2940:Accepted Dental Therapeutics 2185:Fejerskov O, Kidd E (2015). 2076:"Submission 9(b)—SuperTooth" 1954:Health Technology Assessment 1850:10.1016/0003-9969(90)90185-D 1109: 1070: 947: 167:Work Projects Administration 7: 5472:Good manufacturing practice 5276:Randomized controlled trial 3895:10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.002 3625:10.1016/j.jdent.2016.09.001 3331:"7 foods for healthy teeth" 1226: 1054: 869:as fuel to be converted to 523:American Dental Association 509: 377: 335:, combined with the use of 10: 5873: 5542:Theory of planned behavior 5467:Good agricultural practice 5372:Public health surveillance 5264:epidemiological statistics 4908:Public health intervention 4204:Kisely, Steve (May 2016). 3739:Journal of Dental Research 3590:10.1016/j.ijom.2013.09.016 3420:10.1177/154405910708600414 3408:Journal of Dental Research 3076:(4): 327–9, 332–4, 336–8. 1886:"How to Whiten Your Teeth" 1428:10.5051/jpis.2011.41.3.131 1327:Darby M, Walsh MM (2010). 1214: 853:. The sucrose is split by 678: 642: 513: 150: 5785: 5720: 5679: 5664:World Toilet Organization 5659:World Health Organization 5566: 5555: 5492: 5417: 5333: 5261: 5226:Public health informatics 5166: 4971: 4933:Right to rest and leisure 4762:Globalization and disease 4697: 3661:Journal of Periodontology 3047:10.1902/jop.1988.59.3.155 3035:Journal of Periodontology 2322:Journal of Dental Hygiene 2286:10.1080/00016350802087024 2233:10.1038/s41415-022-5266-7 2200:Porth C, Porth C (2011). 1185:Relation to mental health 1153:(heart attack and Stroke) 1085: 1016:cetyl pyridinium chloride 975: 538:Polytetrafluoroethylene ( 358: 47:and other problems (e.g. 5710:Schools of public health 5502:Diffusion of innovations 5201:Health impact assessment 4913:Public health laboratory 4809:Management of depression 4481:10.3389/froh.2021.732882 4468:Frontiers in Oral Health 4222:10.1177/0706743716632523 3751:10.1177/0022034514552493 3649:. 2012;39(11):1042–1055. 2705:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy836 2387:10.1902/jop.1955.26.1.43 2107:Marshall, DMD, Richard. 1838:Archives of Oral Biology 1259:Obligate nasal breathing 1217:Dementia § Dental health 916: 833:and fruit juices, e.g., 528:Types of floss include: 165:A 1930s poster from the 147:Tooth cleaning and decay 5773:Social hygiene movement 5700:Doctor of Public Health 5532:Social cognitive theory 5334:Infectious and epidemic 5116:Fecal–oral transmission 4622:10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.992 3673:10.1902/jop.2010.100266 1478:10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.865 1191:mental health disorders 1027:Chlorhexidine gluconate 970:chlorhexidine gluconate 450:cardiovascular diseases 327:Between cleanings by a 87:and is as important as 5768:Germ theory of disease 5547:Transtheoretical model 4610:British Dental Journal 4281:Psychosomatic Medicine 4006:Orthodontics Australia 3948:priebeorthodontics.com 3922:Orthodontics Australia 3309:"Diet and Oral Health" 2693:European Heart Journal 2440:. 9 Spec No: S31–S36. 2221:British Dental Journal 1465:British Dental Journal 1174:diabetes complications 1151:cardiovascular disease 1090:While undertaking the 1038:As mentioned earlier, 904: 551: 469: 170: 169:promoting oral hygiene 121: 37: 5652:Public Health Service 5537:Social norms approach 5527:PRECEDE–PROCEED model 4973:Preventive healthcare 4866:Pharmaceutical policy 4715:Chief Medical Officer 3262:British Dental Centre 3236:www.knowyourteeth.com 653:Single-tufted brushes 549: 495:Electric toothbrushes 467: 164: 131:Industrial Revolution 116: 35: 5857:Preventive dentistry 5728:Sara Josephine Baker 5627:Public Health Agency 5512:Health communication 5377:Disease surveillance 5343:Asymptomatic carrier 5325:Statistical software 5013:Preventive nutrition 4841:Medical anthropology 4730:Environmental health 3882:Journal of Dentistry 3784:Journal of Dentistry 3745:(3 Suppl): 28S–36S. 3613:Journal of Dentistry 3459:(Suppl 6): 180–195. 998:mouthwash, contains 849:bacteria to produce 847:Streptococcus mutans 256:teeth cleaning twigs 136:Streptococcus mutans 85:interdental cleaning 5738:Carl Rogers Darnall 5733:Samuel Jay Crumbine 5507:Health belief model 5360:Notifiable diseases 5296:Regression analysis 5131:Waterborne diseases 4720:Cultural competence 4413:2017PLoSO..1277388B 4002:"Caring for braces" 3835:2016PLoSO..1145837D 3492:Periodontology 2000 2811:. 15 September 2020 2563:Periodontology 2000 2354:on 25 December 2007 2109:"General Dentistry" 2088:on 27 February 2015 1723:(4): 450–5, 455e1. 1679:(Suppl 11): 28–35. 1624:Periodontology 2000 1587:10.1038/nature11234 1579:2012Natur.486..207T 1372:Periodontology 2000 1040:sodium hypochlorite 1034:Sodium hypochlorite 899:Dental chewing gums 796:crisps/potato chips 739:is the addition of 714:periodontal disease 579:Interdental brushes 490:Electric toothbrush 354:Sources of problems 97:interdental brushes 5336:disease prevention 5271:Case–control study 4943:Security of person 4792:Health care reform 3972:Dr. Akshima Sahi. 3206:The Canadian Nurse 3118:(68 (spec issue)). 2744:10.1111/jcpe.13720 806:(an enzyme in the 737:water fluoridation 552: 472:The modern manual 470: 429:(dentifrice) with 280:Islamic Golden Age 183:is the removal of 171: 122: 38: 5829: 5828: 5781: 5780: 5691:Higher education 5522:Positive deviance 5517:Health psychology 5493:Health behavioral 5420:safety management 5394:Social distancing 5168:Population health 5148:Smoking cessation 5096:Pharmacovigilance 5067:Injury prevention 5035:Infection control 4953:Social psychology 4903:Prisoners' rights 4846:Medical sociology 4814:Public health law 4710:Biological hazard 4540:10.1111/ppc.12117 4348:10.1111/idh.12278 3924:. 16 January 2020 3888:(12): 1281–1289. 3486:Ryder MI (2007). 3183:978-1-60529-160-4 2991:. 6 November 2023 2738:(12): 1234–1243. 2699:(14): 1138–1145. 2480:(17): 1112–1117. 1573:(7402): 207–214. 1529:10.3390/dj5040026 1516:Dentistry Journal 1144:systemic diseases 1128:bachelor's degree 1012:methyl salicylate 766:, so fatty fish ( 460:Manual toothbrush 16:(Redirected from 5864: 5817: 5816: 5805: 5804: 5793: 5792: 5687:Health education 5564: 5563: 5418:Food hygiene and 5399:Tropical disease 5211:Infant mortality 5186:Community health 5062:Controlled Drugs 4998:Health promotion 4928:Right to housing 4772:Health economics 4684: 4677: 4670: 4661: 4660: 4642: 4641: 4607: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4568:Psychiatric News 4559: 4553: 4552: 4542: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4501: 4483: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4442: 4424: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4359: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4241: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4184: 4167:(12): CD008367. 4152: 4146: 4145: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4108: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4059: 4027: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3897: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3856: 3846: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3762: 3730: 3721: 3720: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3656: 3650: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3556: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3507: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3448: 3442: 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Archived from 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3197: 3188: 3187: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3150: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3010:Wiley C (2017). 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2927: 2926: 2916: 2899:(12): CD004971. 2884: 2878: 2877: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2830: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2779: 2766: 2765: 2755: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2670: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2621: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2520: 2511: 2510:. 2000;13:5A–13A 2504: 2498: 2497: 2469: 2463: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2317: 2306: 2305: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2252: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2165: 2133: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2087: 2081:. Archived from 2080: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2055: 2038:(12): CD004625. 2023: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2002: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1977: 1966:10.3310/hta24600 1944: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1908:Deeble Institute 1905: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1816: 1798: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1770: 1760: 1751: 1750: 1740: 1708: 1699: 1698: 1688: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1647: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1598: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1541: 1531: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1490: 1480: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1439: 1407: 1396: 1395: 1367: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1168:low birth weight 1124:associate degree 1116:dental hygienist 1065:Candida albicans 934:morning sickness 822:or most fruits. 804:salivary amylase 773:Green and black 746:remineralization 730:Beneficial foods 421:gingival pockets 329:dental hygienist 177:cavities occur. 21: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5825: 5777: 5748:Margaret Sanger 5716: 5675: 5559: 5557: 5551: 5494: 5488: 5460:Safety scandals 5419: 5413: 5335: 5329: 5263: 5257: 5253:Social medicine 5246:Race and health 5181:Child mortality 5162: 5121:Open defecation 5003:Human nutrition 4993:Family planning 4981:Behavior change 4967: 4923:Right to health 4836:Maternal health 4826:Health politics 4777:Health literacy 4693: 4688: 4651: 4646: 4645: 4616:(11): 846–853. 4605: 4599: 4595: 4560: 4556: 4519: 4515: 4460: 4456: 4407:(5): e0177388. 4393: 4389: 4328: 4324: 4273: 4269: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4202: 4198: 4153: 4149: 4126: 4122: 4077: 4073: 4028: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3970: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3950:. 23 April 2018 3942: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3874: 3870: 3829:(1): e0145837. 3815: 3811: 3780: 3776: 3731: 3724: 3692: 3688: 3657: 3653: 3644: 3640: 3609: 3605: 3574: 3570: 3539:(5): CD012628. 3525: 3521: 3484: 3480: 3449: 3445: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3268:on 19 July 2012 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3168: 3164: 3127: 3123: 3112: 3108: 3093: 3089: 3066: 3062: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2951: 2947: 2938: 2937: 2930: 2885: 2881: 2858: 2854: 2831: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2769: 2724: 2720: 2688: 2684: 2653:(3): CD005101. 2639: 2635: 2604:(7): CD002279. 2594: 2590: 2559: 2552: 2521: 2514: 2505: 2501: 2470: 2466: 2462:1998;9(2):49–51 2457: 2453: 2434: 2430: 2398: 2394: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2318: 2309: 2270: 2266: 2227:(11): 961–967. 2213: 2209: 2198: 2194: 2183: 2179: 2148:(6): CD002281. 2134: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2024: 2020: 2010: 2008: 2007:. 29 April 1998 2000: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1945: 1941: 1931: 1929: 1919: 1915: 1903: 1897: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1834: 1830: 1796: 1790: 1786: 1779: 1761: 1754: 1729:10.1038/ng.2536 1717:Nature Genetics 1709: 1702: 1665: 1661: 1616: 1612: 1559: 1555: 1508: 1504: 1471:(10): 657–666. 1457: 1453: 1408: 1399: 1368: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1325: 1292: 1287: 1254:Mouth breathing 1241:Medicine portal 1239: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1212: 1187: 1140: 1132:master's degree 1112: 1088: 1073: 1057: 1052: 1050:Appliances care 1036: 1024: 989: 978: 960:(salty water), 950: 930:bulimia nervosa 919: 907: 892: 792: 732: 699: 683: 677: 664: 662:Gum stimulators 655: 647: 641: 639:Oral irrigation 634:Rinse the mouth 618:Tongue cleaners 613: 611:Tongue scrapers 581: 518: 512: 492: 462: 398: 393: 391:Preventive care 380: 361: 356: 314:Dental sealants 300:tooth polishing 246:) has used the 159: 149: 126:oral microbiome 106:treatments and 104:tooth whitening 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5870: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5847:Periodontology 5844: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5689: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5570: 5568: 5561: 5556:Organizations, 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5469: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5312: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5267: 5265: 5262:Biological and 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5228: 5223: 5221:Multimorbidity 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5172: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5158:Vector control 5155: 5150: 5145: 5143:School hygiene 5140: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5126:Sanitary sewer 5123: 5118: 5113: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5084:Patient safety 5081: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5044: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4977: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4767:Harm reduction 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4687: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4650: 4649:External links 4647: 4644: 4643: 4593: 4554: 4533:(3): 194–200. 4513: 4454: 4387: 4342:(2): e10–e16. 4322: 4267: 4253: 4216:(5): 277–282. 4196: 4147: 4136:(8): 387–388. 4120: 4091:(4): 547–558. 4071: 4019: 4008:. 27 June 2017 3990: 3961: 3935: 3909: 3868: 3809: 3774: 3722: 3703:(5): 460–467. 3686: 3667:(2): 174–194. 3651: 3638: 3603: 3584:(5): 649–653. 3568: 3519: 3478: 3443: 3414:(4): 373–377. 3394: 3369: 3344: 3322: 3300: 3279: 3256:Staff (2011). 3248: 3223: 3189: 3182: 3162: 3141:(4): 253–264. 3121: 3106: 3087: 3060: 3041:(3): 155–163. 3025: 3002: 2980: 2961:(3): 157–165. 2945: 2928: 2879: 2852: 2841:(6): 347–350. 2822: 2796: 2767: 2718: 2682: 2633: 2588: 2569:(1): 110–137. 2550: 2531:(5): 409–413. 2512: 2499: 2464: 2451: 2428: 2409:(7): 476–481. 2392: 2365: 2339: 2328:(3): 111–116. 2307: 2280:(3): 139–147. 2264: 2207: 2192: 2177: 2125: 2099: 2067: 2018: 1989: 1939: 1913: 1891: 1877: 1863: 1844:(5): 381–386. 1828: 1807:(9): 661–669. 1784: 1777: 1752: 1700: 1659: 1630:(1): 203–217. 1610: 1553: 1502: 1451: 1422:(3): 131–134. 1397: 1359: 1334: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269:Tooth brushing 1266: 1264:Periodontology 1261: 1256: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1165: 1154: 1139: 1136: 1111: 1108: 1087: 1084: 1072: 1069: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1035: 1032: 1023: 1020: 992:Essential oils 988: 985: 977: 974: 962:essential oils 949: 946: 918: 915: 906: 903: 891: 888: 887: 886: 878: 874: 791: 788: 787: 786: 782: 771: 760: 749: 731: 728: 698: 697:Food and drink 695: 691:long-term care 679:Main article: 676: 673: 668:gum stimulator 663: 660: 654: 651: 645:Oral irrigator 643:Main article: 640: 637: 636: 635: 632: 629: 626: 612: 609: 608: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 580: 577: 572: 571: 568: 565: 562: 559: 544: 543: 536: 533: 521:the gums. The 514:Main article: 511: 508: 491: 488: 461: 458: 454:blood pressure 397: 396:Tooth brushing 394: 392: 389: 379: 376: 360: 357: 355: 352: 181:Teeth cleaning 157:Teeth cleaning 153:Tooth brushing 148: 145: 89:tooth brushing 53:dental hygiene 26: 18:Dental hygiene 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5869: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5822: 5821: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5743:Joseph Lister 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5671: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5622:Health Canada 5620: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567:Organizations 5565: 5562: 5554: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5491: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5404:Vaccine trial 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5281:Relative risk 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5241:Health equity 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5206:Health system 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5196:Global health 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5176:Biostatistics 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4918:Right to food 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4851:Mental health 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4799:Housing First 4797: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4787:Health system 4785: 4784: 4783: 4782:Health policy 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4691:Public health 4685: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4671: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4263: 4257: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4024: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3995: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3727: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3383: 3382:Go Ask Alice! 3379: 3373: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3332: 3326: 3310: 3304: 3296: 3289: 3283: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3194: 3185: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3125: 3117: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3013: 3006: 2990: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2941: 2935: 2933: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2827: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2784: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2592: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2519: 2517: 2509: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2468: 2461: 2455: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2375:J Periodontol 2369: 2353: 2349: 2348:"Oral health" 2343: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2196: 2188: 2187:Dental Caries 2181: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2130: 2114: 2110: 2103: 2084: 2077: 2071: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1960:(60): 1–138. 1959: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1928: 1927:NIHR Evidence 1924: 1917: 1909: 1902: 1895: 1887: 1881: 1873: 1867: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1795: 1788: 1780: 1778:9780521552035 1774: 1769: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1707: 1705: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1455: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1366: 1364: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1330: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1290: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1231: 1218: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1068: 1066: 1061: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1031: 1028: 1022:Chlorhexidine 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 984: 982: 973: 971: 968:, etc.), and 967: 963: 959: 955: 945: 941: 939: 935: 931: 926: 923: 914: 912: 902: 900: 896: 884: 879: 875: 872: 868: 864: 861:for building 860: 856: 855:glucansucrase 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 825: 824: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 790:Harmful foods 783: 780: 776: 772: 769: 765: 761: 758: 754: 750: 747: 742: 738: 734: 733: 727: 725: 721: 720: 715: 710: 708: 704: 694: 692: 688: 682: 672: 669: 659: 650: 646: 633: 630: 627: 624: 623: 622: 619: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 589: 588: 585: 576: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 556: 555: 548: 541: 537: 534: 531: 530: 529: 526: 524: 517: 507: 503: 499: 496: 487: 483: 480: 479:dental plaque 475: 466: 457: 455: 451: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 422: 417: 415: 411: 410:periodontitis 407: 403: 388: 386: 375: 373: 367: 365: 364:Dental plaque 351: 348: 346: 342: 341:dental plaque 338: 334: 330: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 296:tooth scaling 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 185:dental plaque 182: 178: 175: 168: 163: 158: 154: 144: 142: 138: 137: 132: 127: 120: 115: 111: 109: 105: 100: 98: 94: 90: 86: 80: 78: 77:periodontitis 74: 70: 69:dental caries 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 34: 30: 19: 5842:Oral hygiene 5818: 5806: 5794: 5763:Radium Girls 5758:Typhoid Mary 5445:Microbiology 5315: 5307: 5191:Epidemiology 5089:Organization 5040:Oral hygiene 5039: 5030:Hand washing 5008:Healthy diet 4938:Right to sit 4831:Labor rights 4613: 4609: 4596: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4471: 4467: 4457: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4357:11343/292713 4339: 4335: 4325: 4287:(1): 83–92. 4284: 4280: 4270: 4256: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4088: 4084: 4074: 4039: 4035: 4010:. 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