526:
355:
554:
740:
499:(a folk poem, presented as a dialogue of two persons) tradition also talks about the mistrust and quarrel between the co-wives. In one version - where Devayanai is the elder sister of Valli, Valli tries to woo Murugan, before Devayanai's marriage. As per tradition, the elder sister has to be married off first. Infuriated, Devayanai curses Valli to be born in the forest in her next life, and the curse is then fulfilled when Valli is born as a huntress. In the
446:) narrate the story of the marriage of the two maidens to Murugan. The two maidens are fated to be married to the god. The elder sister Devasena is born as Amritavalli. She follows the path of traditional Hindu rituals and practices to gain her husband. Appeased by her penance, Indra adopts her as his daughter, and marries her to Murugan in an arranged marriage, following custom, after the latter triumphs over the
541:, the location of their marriage. However, in many south-Indian representations, when Murugan is depicted only with one consort, Valli is favoured over Devasena. In most Tamil depictions, Murugan is depicted with both his consorts standing besides him; Devasena is on his left-hand side. Her complexion is yellow; she is often depicted adorned with a crown, earrings, necklaces and ornaments. She wears a traditional
49:
466:, the abode of the gods. Meanwhile, Valli is born as Sundaravalli. She is adopted by a tribal chieftain, and grows up as a huntress. Murugan wins Valli's hand and takes her to Thiruttani. The god is worshipped at the Thiruthani temple, flanked by Devasena on his left and Valli on his right. In the end, the trio settles in the abode of the gods and lives in harmony thereafter. An alternate ending found in
409:, the husband of Devasena and the commander-in-chief of the gods. Accordingly, Agni is forced to have a son, who becomes Kartikeya. After many exploits which prove his supremacy over the gods, Kartikeya is made the general of the army of the gods and is married to Devasena by Indra. At this point in the text, Agni is identified with
615:, Lord) represents God. The marriage of Devasena conveys Vaishnava ideals, where the soul (Devasena) remains detached from God; she has her own relative autonomy and earns the love of the god by her own merit. In contrast, the Shaiva philosophy says that God is attached to the soul (Valli), and hence he woos her. The
625:
panegyric dedicated to
Murugan. It praises him as the god who is allowed to have two wives, Devasena – the daughter of Indra and Valli, a hunter princess. Murugan is described to equally spend his time on earth and in heaven. This is also conveyed by his wives, Devasena is a daughter of the heavens,
596:
The presence of the two consorts is said to denote the dual nature of
Murugan, as the god of heaven and earth. Devasena, the celestial wife, is married in a traditional arranged marriage while the earthy Valli is won by Murugan, resulting in a love marriage. The consorts also represent a syncretism
710:
Devasena and Valli, the consorts of
Murugan, do not have independent temples dedicated to them. Their images are installed in shrines of Murugan, where they flank their consort on either side. They are worshipped with Murugan and receive offerings as part of his worship (see
661:, love before marriage, conveyed by Valli. Devasena represents "the conventional, control, ritualized approach to worship" God, while Valli is worship through "ecstasy and self-abandonment". Devasena is the epitome of chastity and purity. In trinity of
702:
is dedicated to
Murugan and Devayanai. It is believed that she was married to the god at this location. A festival icon depicts the god seated close to his divine consort. The 8th-century Ladan kovil temple at
413:, who is proclaimed as the father of Kartikeya. Ultimately, with the aid of Devasena and Kartikeya, the gods defeat the demons. In this narrative, Devasena is identified with many other goddesses like
385:(demon) Keshi abducts them so that he could marry them. While Devasena refuses, Daityasena consents. Meanwhile, the gods are defeated in a battle by the demons. Indra, who is searching for an ideal
265:, who is later adopted by Indra. She is betrothed to Kartikeya by Indra, when he becomes the commander-in-chief of the devas. In Tamil accounts, Devasena is generally depicted as an antithesis of
438:, Amritavalli and Sundaravalli, respectively. Thus, Murugan is regarded as the son-in-law of Vishnu, as their husband. An interpolation in the Tamil recensions of the scripture as well as the
605:
traditions, dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu, respectively. The son of Shiva, Kartikeya, becomes the son-in-law of Vishnu, due to the marriages. Both the consorts are identified with the soul (
507:
tale, Devasena and Valli are married to
Kartikeya from primal times. However, in this version, the god condemns Valli to be born on earth as punishment for mocking her sister Devayanai. The
389:(commander of the army of the gods), reaches the place where Devasena is held captive. On her request, Indra defeats the demon and rescues her. Devasena asks Indra to find her a husband (
525:
715:). A fast is observed on Tuesdays to placate the consort goddesses. Festival icons of Murugan used during temple festival processions generally depict him with his consorts.
683:(dark). As per another interpretation, Devasena is an embodiment of how virtuous people should live considering her steadfast and uncompromising fight against evil.
1417:
Genealogy of the South Indian
Deities: An English Translation of Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg's Original German Manuscript with a Textual Analysis and Glossary
454:
describes
Devayanai (Devasena) as the daughter of Indra, without any mention of adoption. The couple is described as taking their abode in the hills of
478:
stands. Devayanai tries in vain to compel the god to return to the abode of the gods, but finally joins
Kartikeya and Valli to reside in Kataragama.
537:. She sits on the left thigh of the six-headed and twelve-armed Kartikeya. One of his arms holds her waist. Numerous depictions of the two exist at
372:
narrates the tale of the birth of
Kartikeya, which mentions Devasena. Devasena and Daityasena (literally "army of demons") are the daughters of
276:, Devasena does not enjoy independent worship, but is venerated as Murugan's consort in most of his temples. She plays a greater role in the
339:
scriptures generally regard only
Devasena as the consort of Kartikeya, while in Tamil Nadu, he has two consorts, Devayanai (Devasena) and
269:, her sister-wife; together they complete the deity. Devasena is generally depicted with Murugan, and is often also accompanied by Valli.
892:
495:– speaks about conflict, resulting in a battle between Devayanai's royal soldiers and Valli's hunter clan, which the latter win. Folk
513:
from Sangam literature describes Murugan being accompanied by his chaste wife Devayanai and honoured by a procession of devas and
950:
1577:
1558:
1452:
1321:
1296:
1229:
1203:
1148:
1138:
1104:
887:
975:
955:
897:
1338:
354:
1072:
509:
1596:
1425:
1263:
1219:
1121:
945:
877:
691:
553:
277:
629:
Another interpretation regards the trio as the three eyes of Shiva. Devasena and Valli are representations of
1251:
Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
872:
1630:
1003:
970:
960:
925:
980:
459:
31:
1615:
935:
915:
17:
1255:
940:
882:
280:, believed to be the site of her marriage. In East India, Devasena is worshipped in the form of
1620:
1065:
985:
965:
1193:
1094:
533:
Devayanai is generally depicted with her husband, particularly in an iconographic form called
1442:
839:
8:
1311:
1249:
854:
319:, literally meaning "celestial elephant"), as she was raised by Indra's divine elephant,
155:
607:
1625:
1314:
The Mahabharata, Volume 2: Book 2: The Book of Assembly; Book 3: The Book of the Forest
680:
545:
and has two arms. She holds a lotus in her left arm, while her right hand hangs down.
1592:
1573:
1554:
1448:
1421:
1317:
1292:
1259:
1225:
1199:
1144:
1100:
1058:
492:
475:
470:
lore describes Murugan as staying on in the forest with Valli after their wedding at
146:
1013:
930:
695:
538:
210:
657:("chastity"), love bound in the traditional marriage, represented by Devasena and
617:
487:
1415:
1046:
1033:
1023:
1018:
712:
675:, symbolizing "rulership, fixity, and stability". Kartikeya is the most superior
250:
653:(the power of knowledge). In Tamil literature, two kinds of love are mentioned:
379:. Once, while the sisters are enjoying leisure at the banks of Lake Manasa, the
622:
316:
173:
1609:
844:
739:
561:
430:
258:
190:
1008:
638:
304:
is a pun, which also conveys his role as commander-in-chief of the devas.
222:
166:
1551:
The Many Faces of Murukan̲: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God
1245:
368:
332:
241:
115:
920:
849:
704:
569:
471:
455:
359:
273:
588:: Devasena standing left, raising hand; flower vase to left, inverted
1028:
816:
643:
602:
589:
467:
373:
232:
194:
134:
1312:
Johannes Adrianus Bernardus Buitenen; J. A. B. van Buitenen (1981).
434:
mentions Devasena and Valli as the incarnations of the daughters of
731:
663:
557:
422:
414:
336:
320:
281:
78:
821:
778:
768:
753:
699:
418:
394:
245:, while some Sanskrit scriptures consider her as the daughter of
74:
503:, the details of which correspond to most of those found in the
1570:
One God, Two Goddesses, Three Studies of South Indian Cosmology
707:
is one of the earliest temples dedicated to the divine couple.
676:
598:
577:
463:
435:
398:
376:
348:
343:. Devasena is described as a daughter of the king of the gods,
335:, Kartikeya is generally considered as celibate and unmarried.
262:
254:
236:
123:
110:
104:
85:
48:
462:, stands. Another version describes the couple as residing in
393:) who can protect her and defeat the gods, the demons and the
793:
763:
672:
648:
631:
514:
447:
410:
381:
344:
340:
266:
246:
100:
1195:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
1140:
The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine
580:) to the left of Kartikeya's head, peacock to lower right,
542:
402:
296:
means "army of the gods" and thus, her husband is known as
161:
70:
485:
which talks about harmony between Devasena and Valli, the
811:
53:
A lithograph on Kartikeya with Devasena seated on his lap
642:(will-power) respectively; while their Kartikeya is the
1305:
1291:. University of Chicago Press. 1993. pp. 93–6.
1092:
184:
326:
284:, where she is usually worshipped independently.
1607:
1143:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 29.
529:Murugan with Devayanai (right) and Valli (left).
428:The Tamil manuscripts of the Sanskrit scripture
1548:
1496:
1494:
1224:. Penguin Books India. July 2012. p. 384.
1466:
1464:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1099:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 185–6.
261:, she is portrayed as the daughter of the god
193:of aspiration, and the consort of the war god
1567:
1096:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
1086:
1066:
230:Devasena is described as the daughter of the
1503:
1491:
1316:. University of Chicago Press. p. 656.
1244:
1191:
362:with Kartikeya and Devasena in the sanctum.
1461:
1404:
1392:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1171:
1169:
584:(“Victory to the Yaudheya people”) around.
351:or at least the adopted daughter of Indra.
1589:Myths and Legends from India - Great Women
1568:Don Handelman (2013). "Myths of Murugan".
1198:. Penguin Books India. pp. 190, 251.
1073:
1059:
397:. Indra discusses the matter with the god
47:
1136:
1447:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 29–30.
1340:Indian Acculturation: Agastya and Skanda
1178:
1166:
552:
524:
458:, where one of Murugan's chief temples,
353:
14:
1608:
1440:
1336:
1254:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p.
572:standing facing, holding a spear with
358:The 8th century Ladan kovil temple at
126:(according to South Indian traditions)
1586:
1434:
1137:Pattanaik, Devdutt (September 2000).
1591:. Chennai: Macmillan India Limited.
1414:Daniel Jeyaraj (23 September 2004).
679:(pure), while Valli is the inferior
1238:
646:, the symbol of the transcendental
442:(the Tamil version of the Sanskrit
24:
626:while Valli is an earthly maiden.
401:and they agree that a son born of
300:("Lord of Devasena"). The epithet
25:
1642:
1343:. Popular Prakashan. p. 174.
292:The Sanskrit name of the goddess
257:. In the Tamil iteration of the
1337:Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1977).
738:
405:would be suitable for being the
197:(Murugan). She is also known as
1530:
1521:
1512:
1482:
1473:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1330:
1281:
1119:
692:Tirupparankunram Murugan Temple
564:coinage, 3rd-4th centuries CE.
278:Tirupparankunram Murugan Temple
62:Devayanai, Amritavalli, Shashti
1441:Bajpai, K. D. (October 2004).
1272:
1212:
1157:
1130:
1113:
520:
327:Legends and textual references
213:. Her name is also spelled as
13:
1:
1542:
160:'Army of the devas',
1126:. MEKALA S RAO. p. 197.
1093:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
548:
287:
7:
223:
185:
167:
10:
1647:
686:
636:(the power of action) and
29:
1444:Indian Numismatic Studies
1420:. Routledge. p. 88.
1221:The Mahabharata: Volume 3
460:Thiruthani Murugan Temple
177:
150:
130:
96:
84:
66:
58:
46:
41:
32:Devasena (disambiguation)
1549:Fred W. Clothey (1978).
1123:Sadhana: Living with God
916:Nallur Kandaswamy temple
718:
611:), while their husband (
1587:Bhanu, Sharada (1997).
593:
530:
363:
1553:. Walter de Gruyter.
1527:Clothey pp. 76, 125–6
1192:Roshen Dalal (2010).
726:Part of the series on
667:s, she is the middle
582:yaudheya ganasya jaya
556:
528:
357:
253:(gods), and his wife
840:Kanda Shasti Kavasam
834:Texts and scriptures
501:Jayantipura Mahatmya
30:For other uses, see
1362:Handelman pp. 44–45
855:Tirumurukarruppatai
560:coin, imitative of
510:Thirumurugatrupadai
594:
531:
366:The third book of
364:
249:, the king of the
113:(according to the
1631:Children of Indra
1579:978-90-04-25739-9
1560:978-90-279-7632-1
1470:Clothey pp. 84–85
1454:978-81-7017-035-8
1353:Clothey pp. 83–84
1323:978-0-226-84664-4
1298:978-0-226-06456-7
1289:Asian Mythologies
1278:Clothey pp. 51–53
1231:978-0-14-310015-7
1205:978-0-14-341517-6
1150:978-0-89281-807-5
1106:978-0-8239-3179-8
1083:
1082:
936:Kalugasalamoorthy
893:Thiruparankundram
867:Six sacred abodes
493:Sangam literature
183:
159:
140:
139:
92:Cat (As Shashthi)
16:(Redirected from
1638:
1602:
1583:
1564:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1411:
1402:
1401:Clothey pp. 64–5
1399:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1189:
1176:
1173:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1090:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1014:Karthikai Deepam
941:Kukke Subramanya
931:Ghati Subramanya
878:Pazhamudircholai
742:
723:
722:
696:Tirupparankunram
539:Tirupparankunram
491:– part of Tamil
226:
188:
182:romanized:
181:
179:
170:
154:
152:
51:
39:
38:
21:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1616:Hindu goddesses
1606:
1605:
1599:
1580:
1561:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:Handelman p. 52
1508:
1504:
1500:Handelman p. 46
1499:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:Handelman p. 47
1478:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:Handelman p. 56
1379:
1375:
1371:Handelman p. 55
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1190:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1135:
1131:
1120:Rao, Mekala S.
1118:
1114:
1107:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1047:Hinduism portal
1039:
1038:
1034:Vaikasi Visakam
1024:Panguni Uthiram
1019:Kartika Purnima
1004:Chitra Pournami
999:
991:
990:
911:
903:
902:
868:
860:
859:
835:
827:
826:
807:
799:
798:
750:
721:
713:Puja (Hinduism)
689:
551:
523:
347:, and his wife
329:
290:
122:
120:
109:
107:
91:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1644:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1584:
1578:
1565:
1559:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1490:
1488:Clothey p. 142
1481:
1472:
1460:
1453:
1433:
1426:
1403:
1391:
1389:Clothey p. 225
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1329:
1322:
1304:
1297:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1237:
1230:
1211:
1204:
1177:
1165:
1163:Clothey p. 214
1156:
1149:
1129:
1112:
1105:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
836:
833:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
819:
814:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
791:
786:
782:
781:
776:
772:
771:
766:
761:
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
735:
734:
728:
727:
720:
717:
688:
685:
550:
547:
522:
519:
450:(demons). The
425:, and others.
328:
325:
307:She is called
289:
286:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
98:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1643:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Tamil deities
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1600:
1598:0-333-93076-2
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1536:Clothey p. 76
1533:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1427:1-134-28703-8
1423:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1267:
1265:0-8426-0822-2
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1175:Clothey p. 79
1172:
1170:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Kandha Sashti
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
910:Other temples
907:
906:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
864:
863:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:Skanda Purana
843:
841:
838:
837:
831:
830:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
803:
802:
795:
792:
790:
787:
784:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
770:
767:
765:
762:
759:
758:
756:
755:
746:
745:
741:
737:
736:
733:
730:
729:
725:
724:
716:
714:
708:
706:
701:
697:
693:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
656:
652:
650:
645:
641:
640:
635:
633:
627:
624:
620:
619:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
592:to the right.
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
546:
544:
540:
536:
527:
518:
516:
512:
511:
506:
505:Skanda Purana
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
484:
483:Skanda Purana
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Skanda Purana
441:
437:
433:
432:
431:Skanda Purana
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
375:
371:
370:
361:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
285:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
259:Skanda Purana
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
238:
235:
234:
228:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:Hindu goddess
187:
175:
171:
169:
163:
157:
148:
144:
136:
133:
129:
125:
118:
117:
112:
106:
102:
99:
95:
89:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
27:Hindu goddess
19:
1588:
1569:
1550:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1484:
1475:
1443:
1436:
1416:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1339:
1332:
1313:
1307:
1288:
1283:
1274:
1250:
1246:Mani, Vettam
1240:
1220:
1214:
1194:
1159:
1139:
1132:
1122:
1115:
1095:
1088:
976:Vallakkottai
966:Thindalmalai
951:Maruthamalai
888:Thiruchendur
788:
757:(Kartikeya)
752:
709:
690:
668:
662:
658:
654:
647:
639:Iccha-shakti
637:
630:
628:
616:
612:
606:
597:between the
595:
585:
581:
573:
565:
534:
532:
508:
504:
500:
496:
486:
482:
480:
452:Kanda Purana
451:
443:
440:Kanda Purana
439:
429:
427:
407:Devasenapati
406:
390:
387:Devasenapati
386:
380:
367:
365:
330:
312:
308:
306:
302:Devasenapati
301:
298:Devasenapati
297:
293:
291:
271:
240:
231:
229:
218:
214:
206:
202:
198:
165:
142:
141:
114:
36:
971:Viralimalai
956:Pachaimalai
926:Chennimalai
621:contains a
521:Iconography
481:Unlike the
369:Mahabharata
333:North India
242:Mahabharata
211:Tamil texts
116:Mahabharata
67:Affiliation
59:Other names
1610:Categories
1543:References
1518:Bhanu p. 5
981:Vadapalani
921:Batu Caves
898:Thiruttani
883:Swamimalai
850:Tiruppukal
705:Yanaimalai
576:(“two” in
570:Karttikeya
476:his temple
472:Kataragama
468:Sri Lankan
456:Thiruttani
360:Yanaimalai
313:Deivayanai
274:Tamil Nadu
207:Deivayanai
1626:Kartikeya
1572:. BRILL.
1029:Thaipusam
998:Festivals
946:Kunnakudi
817:Cock flag
644:third eye
618:Paripatal
603:Vaishnava
590:nandipada
549:Symbolism
517:(sages).
488:Paripatal
374:Prajapati
288:Etymology
233:Prajapati
219:Tevayanai
203:Deivanai,
199:Devayanai
195:Kartikeya
135:Kartikeya
1248:(1975).
789:Devasena
785:Consorts
732:Kaumaram
558:Yaudheya
535:Senapati
474:, where
423:Sinivali
415:Shashthi
337:Sanskrit
321:Airavata
309:Deivanai
294:Devasena
282:Shashthi
224:Teyvāṉai
215:Teyvanai
186:Tēvacēṉā
168:Devasenā
147:Sanskrit
143:Devasena
90:Elephant
79:Shashthi
42:Devasena
18:Deivanai
986:Vayalur
822:Peacock
806:Symbols
779:Ganesha
775:Brother
769:Parvati
760:Parents
754:Murugan
749:Deities
700:Madurai
687:Worship
651:-shakti
586:Reverse
566:Obverse
421:, Kuhu-
419:Lakshmi
417:, Shri-
395:yakshas
239:in the
189:) is a
178:தேவசேனா
158:
151:देवसेना
131:Consort
97:Parents
75:Kaumari
1595:
1576:
1557:
1451:
1424:
1320:
1295:
1262:
1228:
1202:
1147:
1103:
961:Sikkal
873:Palani
677:Sattva
659:kalavu
634:shakti
599:Shaiva
578:Brahmi
562:Kushan
515:rishis
464:Svarga
448:asuras
436:Vishnu
399:Brahma
377:Daksha
349:Shachi
263:Vishnu
255:Shachi
237:Daksha
124:Vishnu
111:Daksha
105:Shachi
794:Valli
764:Shiva
719:Notes
698:near
681:tamas
673:rajas
655:karpu
649:jnana
632:kriya
623:Tamil
608:Atman
411:Shiva
382:asura
345:Indra
341:Valli
317:Tamil
267:Valli
251:devas
247:Indra
174:Tamil
101:Indra
86:Mount
1593:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1101:ISBN
669:guna
664:guna
613:pati
601:and
543:sari
497:ecal
403:Agni
391:pati
205:and
162:IAST
156:lit.
103:and
71:Devi
1256:213
812:Vel
694:in
574:dvi
331:In
311:or
272:In
227:).
217:or
209:in
1612::
1493:^
1463:^
1406:^
1394:^
1258:.
1180:^
1168:^
671:–
568::
323:.
201:,
180:,
176::
172:,
164::
153:,
149::
121:or
108:or
77:,
73:,
1601:.
1582:.
1563:.
1457:.
1430:.
1326:.
1301:.
1268:.
1234:.
1208:.
1153:.
1109:.
1074:e
1067:t
1060:v
315:(
221:(
145:(
119:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
