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bureaucratic elite holds the political reins. They differ in the history of how their situation has arisen: through the bureaucratic degeneration of a genuine workers' democracy, as in the Soviet Union; or through the establishment of a deformed workers' state resulting from the overthrow of bourgeois rule and ownership by some force other than the mass action of the organised working class, such as by an invasion, a guerrilla army, or a military coup.
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Besides the supporters of the Soviet Union holding the belief that the state was a workers' state, the theory has been criticised from within the
Trotskyist movement, and by other socialists critical of the Soviet Union. Among the disputed issues are the relationships between a workers' state (of any
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The inevitable collapse of the
Stalinist political regime will lead to the establishment of Soviet democracy only in the event that the removal of Bonapartism comes as the conscious act of the proletarian vanguard. In all other cases, in place of Stalinism there could only come the fascist-capitalist
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Trotsky always emphasised that the degenerated workers' state was not a new form of society but a transitional phase between capitalism and socialism (and closer to capitalism) that would inevitably collapse into one form or the other. He argued, however, that whether the downfall led to the
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means of production, but in which the working class never held direct political power. The two terms therefore label similar phenomena in that they both refer to states where the bourgeoisie no longer holds power, where the means of production has been socialised and where an unaccountable
1266:, not a new ruling class, because its political control did not also extend to economic ownership. The theory that the Soviet Union was a degenerated workers' state is closely connected to Trotsky's call for a
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countries although there were massive upheavals of working people in some of those countries and so the Soviet state began to degenerate. That was worsened by the material and political degeneration of the
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restoration of workers' democracy or to capitalist restoration would depend on whether the movement to overthrow the dictatorship of the bureaucracy was led by the organised working class:
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in which the working class' democratic control over the state has given way to control by a bureaucratic clique. The term was developed by
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Perhaps this is a workers' state, in the last analysis, but there has not been left in it a vestige of the
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The term "degenerated workers' state" commonly refers only to the Soviet Union. Trotskyists of the
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1289:. We have here a degenerated workers' state under the dictatorship of the bureaucracy.
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in the Soviet Union, as well as
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Trotsky argued that Russia was a genuine workers' state from the
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Another theoretical term used by some
Trotskyists, most notably
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Among
Trotskyists, alternative but similar theories include
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Trotsky summarised the more optimistic arguments within the
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Leon
Trotsky: The Workers' State, Thermidor and Bonapartism
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International
Committee of the Fourth International
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Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma
910:Committee for a Workers' International (refounded)
1428:"The USSR and Problems of the Transitional Epoch"
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2285:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
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1226:and the economic basis of that state lay in
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1052:List of Trotskyist organizations by country
764:Organisation of Communist Internationalists
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1527:"Social Relations in the Soviet Union"
1234:. Contrary to the predictions of many
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718:1968–1969 Japanese university protests
45:Please improve this article by adding
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18:
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1436:"The ABC of Materialist Dialectics"
1312:(founded in 1938) coined the term "
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889:Workers Party of the United States
686:Minneapolis general strike of 1934
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1886:Commanding heights of the economy
1752:Primitive accumulation of capital
1047:List of Trotskyist internationals
779:Socialist Alternative (Australia)
569:History of the Russian Revolution
2300:Revolution is not a dinner party
2270:Whole-process people's democracy
1426:See, for example, Leon Trotsky,
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1214:'s consolidation of power. The
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948:Internationalist Communist Union
938:International Socialist Tendency
929:International Revolutionary Left
824:Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)
723:1970s Hong Kong student protests
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2197:Uneven and combined development
1712:Dictatorship of the proletariat
1316:" to describe states (like the
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1186:dictatorship of the proletariat
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259:Uneven and combined development
204:Decentralized economic planning
1966:Socially necessary labour time
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1876:Capitalist mode of production
1861:Critique of political economy
1692:Capitalist mode of production
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1324:as well as China) based upon
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997:Revolutionary Workers Ferment
987:Fourth International Posadist
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651:Joseph Stalin's rise to power
179:Critique of political economy
47:secondary or tertiary sources
2240:Continuous revolution theory
1961:Socialist mode of production
1817:Workers of the world, unite!
1792:Socialist mode of production
1757:Proletarian internationalism
1304:"Degenerated" vs. "deformed"
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774:Socialist Action (Hong Kong)
229:Proletarian internationalism
58:"Degenerated workers' state"
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1956:Simple commodity production
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1255:working class by the
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143:
137:
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117:
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31:
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22:
15:
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2265:New Democracy
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2110:
2107:
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2100:
2097:
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2090:
2087:
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2084:Popular front
2082:
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2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
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1999:
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1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Surplus value
1984:
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1979:
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1976:Social murder
1974:
1972:
1971:Socialization
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1561:Trotsky, Leon
1556:
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1523:Trotsky, Leon
1518:
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1499:
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1488:Trotsky, Leon
1483:
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1453:Trotsky, Leon
1448:
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1404:Trotsky, Leon
1399:
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1368:
1364:
1357:Related terms
1354:
1352:
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1330:
1327:
1326:collectivised
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
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1280:
1275:
1274:restoration.
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:working class
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:Joseph Stalin
1209:
1199:
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736:
729:
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724:
721:
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714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
697:
696:Moscow trials
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541:
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531:
530:
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525:
519:
518:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:Max Shachtman
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
460:George Novack
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Nahuel Moreno
448:
446:
445:Ernest Mandel
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Joseph Hansen
413:
411:
410:Duncan Hallas
408:
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91:
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81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2280:People's war
2202:United front
2171:
2144:United front
1951:Ruling class
1916:Law of value
1812:Wage slavery
1802:Theoretician
1594:– via
1588:. Retrieved
1579:
1569:– via
1565:
1542:– via
1536:. Retrieved
1530:
1517:
1507:– via
1501:. Retrieved
1495:
1482:
1472:– via
1466:. Retrieved
1460:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1422:
1412:– via
1408:
1398:
1360:
1344:
1338:type) and a
1336:
1307:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1261:
1205:
1193:
1190:Leon Trotsky
1181:
1175:
1086:
1072:Shachtmanism
1019:
969:
968:
904:
830:
829:
743:
615:
605:
587:
577:
567:
557:
547:
537:
527:
505:Peter Taaffe
495:Ivan Smirnov
465:Michel Pablo
440:Livio Maitan
400:Pierre Frank
340:Martin Abern
335:Leon Trotsky
269:United front
193:
164:Anti-fascism
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
2290:Revisionism
2177:French Turn
2149:Vanguardism
2104:Secretariat
2094:Revisionism
1921:Materialism
1772:Revisionism
1722:Imperialism
1667:Bourgeoisie
1434:(1938), or
1216:bourgeoisie
978:(1974–2019)
691:Great Purge
681:French Turn
500:Tạ Thu Thâu
455:David North
420:Gerry Healy
380:Ross Dowson
360:Hugo Blanco
2352:Trotskyism
2341:Categories
2159:Trotskyist
2039:Dual power
1707:Dialectics
1390:References
1272:capitalist
1236:socialists
1178:Trotskyist
970:Historical
831:Historical
549:New Course
510:Alan Woods
470:J. Posadas
395:Tony Cliff
390:Chen Duxiu
385:Hal Draper
307:Third camp
141:Trotskyism
69:newspapers
36:references
2260:Mass line
2250:Four Olds
2074:Politburo
2064:New class
1991:Use value
1891:Commodity
1379:New class
1363:Ted Grant
1257:Civil War
1218:had been
1094:Stalinism
485:Lev Sedov
405:Ted Grant
345:Tariq Ali
99:June 2022
1563:(1935).
1525:(1936).
1490:(1936).
1455:(1936).
1406:(1936).
1373:See also
1238:such as
1021:Chavismo
430:Lal Khan
317:Pabloism
312:Posadism
296:Branches
214:Leninism
209:Entryism
158:Concepts
133:a series
131:Part of
1871:Capital
1851:Marxian
1647:Marxist
1590:22 June
1538:22 June
1503:22 June
1468:22 June
1333:Critics
1253:Russian
1244:Germany
1230:of the
1222:by the
1015:Campism
905:Current
744:Current
740:Parties
633:History
83:scholar
2217:Maoist
1210:until
1057:Maoism
713:May 68
621:(2017)
611:(1984)
601:(1946)
593:(1938)
583:(1936)
573:(1930)
563:(1924)
553:(1924)
543:(1924)
533:(1920)
329:People
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2319:Other
2024:Cadre
1996:Value
1442:1942.
1264:caste
1240:Lenin
1184:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
2049:Foco
1592:2020
1540:2020
1505:2020
1470:2020
1349:and
62:news
1320:of
1192:in
1176:In
38:to
2343::
1552:^
1529:.
1494:.
1459:.
1369:.
1353:.
1281::
135:on
49:.
1853:)
1849:(
1649:)
1645:(
1629:e
1622:t
1615:v
1598:.
1573:.
1546:.
1511:.
1476:.
1416:.
1165:e
1158:t
1151:v
125:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
