United States Declaration of Independence

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they did consider all men created equal—equal in "certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." This they said, and this they meant. They did not mean to assert the obvious untruth that all were then actually enjoying that equality, or yet that they were about to confer it immediately upon them. In fact, they had no power to confer such a boon. They meant simply to declare the right, so that the enforcement of it might follow as fast as circumstances should permit. They meant to set up a standard maxim for free society which should be familiar to all, constantly looked to, constantly labored for, and even, though never perfectly attained, constantly approximated, and thereby constantly spreading and deepening its influence, and augmenting the happiness and value of life to all people, of all colors, everywhere.

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foreign governments would not intervene in an internal British struggle, and so a formal declaration of independence was needed before foreign aid was possible. All Congress needed to do, they insisted, was to "declare a fact which already exists". Delegates from Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, and New York were still not yet authorized to vote for independence, however, and some of them threatened to leave Congress if the resolution were adopted. Congress, therefore, voted on June 10 to postpone further discussion of Lee's resolution for three weeks. Until then, Congress decided that a committee should prepare a document announcing and explaining independence in case Lee's resolution was approved when it was brought up again in July.

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delegates could not vote to declare independence unless their instructions permitted such an action. Several colonies, in fact, expressly prohibited their delegates from taking any steps toward separation from Great Britain, while other delegations had instructions that were ambiguous on the issue; consequently, advocates of independence sought to have the Congressional instructions revised. For Congress to declare independence, a majority of delegations would need authorization to vote for it, and at least one colonial government would need to specifically instruct its delegation to propose a declaration of independence in Congress.

1915:, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute 2845: 3778:

their sustinance, & mutual happiness, That No Man has any right to deprive his fellow Man, of these Inherent rights, except in punishment of Crime. That to secure these rights governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That when any form of Government, becomes destructive to these ends, It is the right of the People, to alter, Amend, or Remoddel it, Laying its foundation on Such Principles, & organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect the safety, & happiness of the Human Race.

44: 2170:; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor." 1172: 3922: 2119:"Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity." 3585:, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he had deprived them, by murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them: thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another. 1267: 1617: 2726: 1633: 10293: 1605: 722: 2623:(1581) have also been offered as models for Jefferson's Declaration, but these models are now accepted by few scholars. Maier found no evidence that the Dutch Act of Abjuration served as a model for the Declaration, and considers the argument "unpersuasive". Armitage discounts the influence of the Scottish and Dutch acts, and writes that neither was called "declarations of independence" until fairly recently. Stephen E. Lucas argued in favor of the influence of the Dutch act. 2741: 2917:. British officials in North America sent copies of the Declaration to Great Britain. It was published in British newspapers beginning in mid-August, it had reached Florence and Warsaw by mid-September, and a German translation appeared in Switzerland by October. The first copy of the Declaration sent to France got lost, and the second copy arrived only in November 1776. News of the Declaration managed to reach Russia on August 13 via a dispatch from the Russian 10213: 1645: 3846:

race". Lincoln, however, thought that the language of the Declaration was deliberately universal, setting a high moral standard to which the American republic should aspire. "I had thought the Declaration contemplated the progressive improvement in the condition of all men everywhere", he said. During the seventh and last joint debate with Stephen Douglas at Alton, Illinois, on October 15, 1858, Lincoln said about the declaration:

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the creator of this statement and idea, saying that "there is no mention of it anywhere until after the Declaration was published". This phrase appears in Italian in Mazzei's own hand, written in Italian, several years prior to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Mazzei and Jefferson often exchanged ideas about true liberty and freedom. No one man can take complete credit for the ideals of American democracy.

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legal sovereignty of the United States". If the United States were to have any hope of being recognized by the European powers, the American revolutionaries first had to make it clear that they were no longer dependent on Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence does not have the force of law domestically, but nevertheless it may help to provide historical and legal clarity about the Constitution and other laws.

1386:, a strong supporter of independence, believed that Parliament had effectively declared American independence before Congress had been able to. Adams labeled the Prohibitory Act the "Act of Independency", calling it "a compleat Dismemberment of the British Empire". Support for declaring independence grew even more when it was confirmed that King George had hired German mercenaries to use against his American subjects. 2757: 1417:... has no authority over us, and we owe no obedience to him." Most of these declarations are now obscure, having been overshadowed by the resolution for independence, approved by Congress on July 2, and the declaration of independence, approved and printed on July 4 and signed in August. The modern scholarly consensus is that the best-known and earliest of the local declarations is most likely inauthentic, the 3418:. The earliest commemorative printings of the Declaration also appeared at this time, offering many Americans their first view of the signed document. Collective biographies of the signers were first published in the 1820s, giving birth to what Garry Wills called the "cult of the signers". In the years that followed, many stories about the writing and signing of the document were published for the first time. 1790:. The resolution of independence was adopted with twelve affirmative votes and one abstention, and the colonies formally severed political ties with Great Britain. John Adams wrote to his wife on the following day and predicted that July 2 would become a great American holiday He thought that the vote for independence would be commemorated; he did not foresee that Americans would instead celebrate 1944:"Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. 2947:, the former royal governor of Massachusetts, also published a rebuttal. These pamphlets challenged various aspects of the Declaration. Hutchinson argued that the American Revolution was the work of a few conspirators who wanted independence from the outset, and who had finally achieved it by inducing otherwise loyal colonists to rebel. Lind's pamphlet had an anonymous attack on the concept of 2559: 837:, with authoring the Declaration. Adams, a leading proponent of independence, persuaded the Committee of Five to charge Jefferson with writing the document's original draft, which the Second Continental Congress then edited. Jefferson largely wrote the Declaration in isolation between June 11 and June 28, 1776, from the second floor of a three-story home he was renting at 700 2772:, President of the Congress, on that day. Signatures of the other delegates were not needed to further authenticate it. The signatures of fifty-six delegates are affixed to the Declaration, though the exact date when each person signed became debatable. Jefferson, Franklin, and Adams all wrote that the Declaration was signed by Congress on July 4. But in 1796, signer 3127:

being submitted to Congress for deliberation. According to Boyd, the first, "original" handwritten draft of the Declaration of Independence that predated Jefferson's Rough draft, was lost or destroyed during the drafting process. It is not known how many drafts Jefferson wrote prior to this one, and how much of the text was contributed by other committee members.

3155:, England. Named by its finders the "Sussex Declaration", it differs from the National Archives copy (which the finders refer to as the "Matlack Declaration") in that the signatures on it are not grouped by States. How it came to be in England is not yet known, but the finders believe that the randomness of the signatures points to an origin with signatory 3140:

undeniable" to "We hold these truths to be self-evident". Jefferson incorporated these changes into a copy that was submitted to Congress in the name of the committee. The copy that was submitted to Congress on June 28 has been lost and was perhaps destroyed in the printing process, or destroyed during the debates in accordance with

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Federalists insisted that Congress's act of declaring independence, in which Federalist John Adams had played a major role, was more important than the document announcing it. But this view faded away, like the Federalist Party itself, and, before long, the act of declaring independence became synonymous with the document.

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the committee discussed the general outline which the document should follow and decided that Jefferson would write the first draft. The committee in general, and Jefferson in particular, thought that Adams should write the document, but Adams persuaded them to choose Jefferson and promised to consult with him personally.

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before him, Lincoln argued that the Declaration of Independence was a founding document of the United States, and that this had important implications for interpreting the Constitution, which had been ratified more than a decade after the Declaration. The Constitution did not use the word "equality",

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When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for an Oppressed People to Rise, and assert their Natural Rights, as Human Beings, as Native & mutual Citizens of a free Republic, and break that odious Yoke of oppression, which is so unjustly laid upon them by their fellow Countrymen, and

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When interest in the Declaration was revived, the sections that were most important in 1776 were no longer relevant: the announcement of the independence of the United States and the grievances against King George. But the second paragraph was applicable long after the war had ended, with its talk of

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members Roger Sherman and Benjamin Franklin's initial review. An inscription on the document noting "A beginning perhaps...", the early state of the text, and the manner in which this document was hastily taken, appears to chronologically place this draft earlier than both the fair Adams copy held in

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Several early handwritten copies and drafts of the Declaration have also been preserved. Jefferson kept a four-page draft that late in life he called the "original Rough draught". Historians now understand that Jefferson's Rough draft was one in a series of drafts used by the Committee of Five before

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A legend emerged years later about the signing of the Declaration, after the document had become an important national symbol. John Hancock is supposed to have said that Congress, having signed the Declaration, must now "all hang together", and Benjamin Franklin replied: "Yes, we must indeed all hang

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Lee's resolution met with resistance in the ensuing debate. Opponents of the resolution conceded that reconciliation was unlikely with Great Britain, while arguing that declaring independence was premature, and that securing foreign aid should take priority. Advocates of the resolution countered that

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of April 12, with which North Carolina became the first colony to explicitly authorize its delegates to vote for independence. Others were legislative acts that officially ended British rule in individual colonies, such as the Rhode Island legislature renouncing its allegiance to Great Britain on May

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Believe me, dear Sir: there is not in the British empire a man who more cordially loves a union with Great Britain than I do. But, by the God that made me, I will cease to exist before I yield to a connection on such terms as the British Parliament propose; and in this, I think I speak the sentiments

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The great doctrine 'All men are created equal' and incorporated into the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, was paraphrased from the writing of Philip Mazzei, an Italian-born patriot and pamphleteer, who was a close friend of Jefferson. A few alleged scholars try to discredit Mazzei as

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Trumbull painted the figures from life whenever possible, but some had died and images could not be located; hence, the painting does not include all the signers of the Declaration. One figure had participated in the drafting but did not sign the final document; another refused to sign. In fact, the

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The signers assert that there exist conditions under which people must change their government, that the British have produced such conditions and, by necessity, the colonies must throw off political ties with the British Crown and become independent states. The conclusion contains, at its core, the

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Jefferson later wrote in his autobiography that Northern states were also supportive towards the clauses removal, "for though their people had very few slaves themselves, yet they had been pretty considerable carriers of them to others." Jefferson wrote that Congress had "mangled" his draft version,

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The committee took no minutes, so there is some uncertainty about how the drafting process proceeded; contradictory accounts were written many years later by Jefferson and Adams, too many years to be regarded as entirely reliable, although their accounts are frequently cited. What is certain is that

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Support for a Congressional declaration of independence was consolidated in the final weeks of June 1776. On June 14, the Connecticut Assembly instructed its delegates to propose independence and, the following day, the legislatures of New Hampshire and Delaware authorized their delegates to declare

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to Congress on June 7. The motion was seconded by John Adams, calling on Congress to declare independence, form foreign alliances, and prepare a plan of colonial confederation. The part of the resolution relating to declaring independence read: "Resolved, that these United Colonies are, and of right

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was sold and distributed widely and read aloud at taverns and meeting places. In proportion to the population of the colonies at that time (2.5 million), it had the largest sale and circulation of any book published in American history. As of 2006, it remains the all-time best-selling American title

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From Adams's notes: "Why will you not? You ought to do it." "I will not." "Why?" "Reasons enough." "What can be your reasons?" "Reason first, you are a Virginian, and a Virginian ought to appear at the head of this business. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular. You are very much

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in 1858. Douglas argued that the phrase "all men are created equal", which appears in the Declaration. referred to white men only. The purpose of the Declaration, he said, had simply been to justify the independence of the United States, and not to proclaim the equality of any "inferior or degraded

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We hold these truths to be Self Evident; That All Men are Created Equal; That they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights. That among these are Life, Liberty; & the persuit of happiness. That Nature hath freely given to all Men, a full Supply of Air. Water, & Land; for

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was more influential, and its language was echoed in state constitutions and state bills of rights more often than Jefferson's words. "In none of these documents", wrote Pauline Maier, "is there any evidence whatsoever that the Declaration of Independence lived in men's minds as a classic statement

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In 1947, Boyd discovered a fragment of an earlier draft in Jefferson's handwriting that predates Jefferson's Rough draft. In 2018, the Thomas Paine National Historical Association published findings on an additional early handwritten draft of the Declaration, referred to as the "Sherman Copy", that

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to print a new broadside that listed the signers of the Declaration, unlike the Dunlap broadside. Nine copies of the Goddard broadside are known to still exist. A variety of broadsides printed by the states are also extant, including seven copies of the Solomon Southwick broadside, one of which was

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emerged in the United States as a metaphor of "signature". A commonly circulated but apocryphal account claims that, after Hancock signed, the delegate from Massachusetts commented, "The British ministry can read that name without spectacles." Another report indicates that Hancock proudly declared,

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of Massachusetts, at the signing table, "I shall have a great advantage over you, Mr. Gerry, when we are all hung for what we are now doing. From the size and weight of my body I shall die in a few minutes and be with the Angels, but from the lightness of your body you will dance in the air an hour

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made a persuasive, impassioned case for independence, which had not been given serious consideration in the colonies. Paine linked independence with Protestant beliefs, as a means to present a distinctly American political identity, and he initiated open debate on a topic few had dared to discuss.

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Hamowy, "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment", argues that Wills gets much wrong (p. 523), that the Declaration seems to be influenced by Hutcheson because Hutcheson was, like Jefferson, influenced by Locke (pp. 508–09), and that Jefferson often wrote of Locke's influence, but never mentioned

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I think the authors of that notable instrument intended to include all men, but they did not mean to declare all men equal in all respects. They did not mean to say all men were equal in color, size, intellect, moral development, or social capacity. They defined with tolerable distinctness in what

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adopted the "twin rocks" of "the Bible and the Declaration of Independence" as the basis for their philosophies. He wrote, "As long as there remains a single copy of the Declaration of Independence, or of the Bible, in our land, we will not despair." For radical abolitionists such as Garrison, the

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because of his revolutionary ideals. In the postwar decades, other slaveholders also freed their slaves; from 1790 to 1810, the percentage of free blacks in the Upper South increased to 8.3 percent from less than one percent of the black population. Northern states began abolishing slavery shortly

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The Spanish-American authorities banned the circulation of the Declaration, but it was widely transmitted and translated: by Venezuelan Manuel García de Sena, by Colombian Miguel de Pombo, by Ecuadorian Vicente Rocafuerte, and by New Englanders Richard Cleveland and William Shaler, who distributed

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on July 9, with thousands of British troops on ships in the harbor. Washington and Congress hoped that the Declaration would inspire the soldiers, and encourage others to join the army. After hearing the Declaration, crowds in many cities tore down and destroyed signs or statues representing royal

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During the writing process, Jefferson showed the rough draft to Adams and Franklin, and perhaps to other members of the drafting committee, who made a few more changes. Franklin, for example, may have been responsible for changing Jefferson's original phrase "We hold these truths to be sacred and

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recounted the signing on August 2 in stark fashion, describing it as a scene of "pensive and awful silence". Rush said the delegates were called up, one after another, and then filed forward somberly to subscribe what each thought was their ensuing death warrant. He related that the "gloom of the

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treatise of the period, and a book that Benjamin Franklin said was "continually in the hands of the members of our Congress". Armitage writes, "Vattel made independence fundamental to his definition of statehood"; therefore, the primary purpose of the Declaration was "to express the international

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went to Maryland and, thanks to local resolutions in favor of independence, was able to get the Annapolis Convention to change its mind on June 28. Only the New York delegates were unable to get revised instructions. When Congress had been considering the resolution of independence on June 8, the

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of New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Advocates of independence saw Pennsylvania as the key; if that colony could be converted to the pro-independence cause, it was believed that the others would follow. On May 1, however, opponents of independence retained control of the

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disputed that, because some signers were not then present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. Historians have generally accepted McKean's version of events. History particularly shows most delegates signed on August 2, 1776, and those who were not then

1720:, an Italian physician and promoter of liberty, was a close friend and confidant of Thomas Jefferson. In 1774 he published a pamphlet containing the phrase, which Jefferson incorporated essentially intact into the Declaration of Independence: "All men are by nature equally free and independent". 1505:

set the stage for a formal Congressional declaration of independence. On May 15, the Convention instructed Virginia's congressional delegation "to propose to that respectable body to declare the United Colonies free and independent States, absolved from all allegiance to, or dependence upon, the

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by promoting both the importance of the Declaration and Jefferson as its author. Federalists responded by casting doubt on Jefferson's authorship or originality, and by emphasizing that independence was declared by the whole Congress, with Jefferson as just one member of the drafting committee.

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There is a distinct change in wording from this original broadside printing of the Declaration and the final official engrossed copy. The word "unanimous" was inserted as a result of a Congressional resolution passed on July 19, 1776: "Resolved, That the Declaration passed on the 4th, be fairly

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initially lacked the clear authority to declare it. Delegates had been elected to Congress by 13 different governments, which included extralegal conventions, ad hoc committees, and elected assemblies, and they were bound by the instructions given to them. Regardless of their personal opinions,

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Nearly eighty years ago we began by declaring that all men are created equal; but now from that beginning we have run down to the other declaration, that for some men to enslave others is a "sacred right of self-government". ... Our republican robe is soiled and trailed in the dust. ... Let us

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He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemispere, or to incure miserable death in their transportation hither. this

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I am apt to believe that will be celebrated, by succeeding Generations, as the great anniversary Festival. It ought to be commemorated, as the Day of Deliverance by solemn Acts of Devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with Pomp and Parade, with shews, Games, Sports, Guns, Bells,

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for distribution. The source copy used for this printing has been lost and may have been a copy in Thomas Jefferson's hand. It was read to audiences and reprinted in newspapers throughout the 13 states. The first formal public readings of the document took place on July 8, in Philadelphia (by

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wrote the preamble, which stated that because King George had rejected reconciliation and was hiring foreign mercenaries to use against the colonies, "it is necessary that the exercise of every kind of authority under the said crown should be totally suppressed". Adams' preamble was meant to

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has written that the document contains "the most potent and consequential words in American history". The passage came to represent a moral standard to which the United States should strive. This view was notably promoted by Lincoln, who considered the Declaration to be the foundation of his

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Section 1. That all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and

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says: "Independence amounted to a new status of interdependence: the United States was now a sovereign nation entitled to the privileges and responsibilities that came with that status. America thus became a member of the international community, which meant becoming a maker of treaties and

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Congress next turned its attention to the committee's draft of the declaration. They made a few changes in wording during several days of debate and deleted nearly a fourth of the text. The wording of the Declaration of Independence was approved on July 4, 1776, and sent to the printer for

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A vote was taken after a long day of speeches, each colony casting a single vote, as always. The delegation for each colony numbered from two to seven members, and each delegation voted among themselves to determine the colony's vote. Pennsylvania and South Carolina voted against declaring

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governance. Congress passed the preamble on May 15 after several days of debate, but four of the middle colonies voted against it, and the Maryland delegation walked out in protest. Adams regarded his May 15 preamble effectively as an American declaration of independence, although a formal

4047:, responding to threats from the Trump administration to undermine civil rights protections for transgender individuals, mirrored the language of the Declaration of Independence, stating any such actions would "threaten the inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." 3824:, and that the Founding Fathers had tolerated slavery with the expectation that it would ultimately wither away. For the United States to legitimize the expansion of slavery in the Kansas–Nebraska Act, thought Lincoln, was to repudiate the principles of the Revolution. In his October 1854 1723:

Congress ordered that the draft "lie on the table" and then methodically edited Jefferson's primary document for the next two days, shortening it by a fourth, removing unnecessary wording, and improving sentence structure. They removed Jefferson's assertion that King George III had forced

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had on Jefferson. He then consulted the other members of the Committee of Five who offered minor changes, and then produced another copy incorporating these alterations. The committee presented this copy to the Congress on June 28, 1776. The title of the document was "A Declaration by the

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told the delegates to wait. But on June 30, the Provincial Congress evacuated New York as British forces approached, and would not convene again until July 10. This meant that New York's delegates would not be authorized to declare independence until after Congress had made its decision.

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According to Pauline Maier, Douglas's interpretation was more historically accurate, but Lincoln's view ultimately prevailed. "In Lincoln's hands," wrote Maier, "the Declaration of Independence became first and foremost a living document" with "a set of goals to be realized over time".

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lacked sweeping statements about rights and equality, and advocates of groups with grievances turned to the Declaration for support. Starting in the 1820s, variations of the Declaration were issued to proclaim the rights of workers, farmers, women, and others. In 1848, for example, the

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became influential, seeing it as a moral guide to interpreting the Constitution. "For most people now," wrote Garry Wills in 1992, "the Declaration means what Lincoln told us it means, as a way of correcting the Constitution itself without overthrowing it." Admirers of Lincoln such as

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attracted comment when the Declaration was first published. Many of the founders understood the incompatibility of the statement of natural equality with the institution of slavery, but continued to enjoy the "Rights of Man". Jefferson had included a paragraph in his initial rough

6227:(1897): "While such declaration of principles may not have the force of organic law, or be made the basis of judicial decision as to the limits of right and duty...it is always safe to read the letter of the Constitution in the spirit of the Declaration of Independence." 3833:

repurify it. Let us re-adopt the Declaration of Independence, and with it, the practices, and policy, which harmonize with it. ... If we do this, we shall not only have saved the Union: but we shall have saved it, as to make, and keep it, forever worthy of the saving.

3788:, he would have read the Declaration aloud after the revolt had started. The document was not published until 1894, and by someone who did not realize its importance and buried it in an appendix of documents. It is missing from most but not all studies of John Brown. 3774:

to assume among the powers of Earth the same equal privileges to which the Laws of Nature, & natures God entitle them; A moderate respect for the opinions of Mankind, requires that they should declare the causes which incite them to this just & worthy action.

2645:, declaring that Jefferson and Locke were at "two opposite poles" in their political philosophy, as evidenced by Jefferson's use in the Declaration of Independence of the phrase "pursuit of happiness" instead of "property". Other scholars emphasized the influence of 3045:. A facsimile made in 1823 has become the basis of most modern reproductions rather than the original because of poor conservation of the engrossed copy through the 19th century. In 1921, custody of the engrossed copy of the Declaration was transferred from the 3861:

here is no reason in the world why the negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated in the Declaration of Independence, the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. I hold that he is as much entitled to these as the white man.

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self-evident truths and unalienable rights. The identity of natural law since the 18th century has seen increasing ascendancy towards political and moral norms versus the law of nature, God, or human nature as seen in the past. The Constitution and the

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wrote in a 1776 letter, "If there be an object truly ridiculous in nature, it is an American patriot, signing resolutions of independency with the one hand, and with the other brandishing a whip over his affrighted slaves." The African-American writer

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involves a quest where the playable character acquires the Declaration of Independence from the National Archives. The player is tasked with bringing the document back to a history lover who wants to reclaim pieces of America following a nuclear war.

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Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the

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4—the first colony to do so. Many declarations were resolutions adopted at town or county meetings that offered support for independence. A few came in the form of jury instructions, such as the statement issued on April 23, 1776, by Chief Justice

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identifies more than ninety such declarations that were issued throughout the Thirteen Colonies from April to July 1776. These "declarations" took a variety of forms. Some were formal written instructions for Congressional delegations, such as the

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Many colonists believed that Parliament no longer had sovereignty over them, but they were still loyal to King George, thinking he would intercede on their behalf. They were disabused of that notion in late 1775, when the king rejected Congress's

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Legal historian John Phillip Reid has written that the emphasis on the political philosophy of the Declaration has been misplaced. The Declaration is not a philosophical tract about natural rights, argues Reid, but is instead a legal document—an

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the Massachusetts Historical Society collection and the Jefferson "rough draft". After the text was finalized by Congress as a whole, Jefferson and Adams sent copies of the rough draft to friends, with variations noted from the original drafts.

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As of the end of June, only two of the thirteen colonies had yet to authorize independence, Maryland and New York. Maryland's delegates previously walked out when the Continental Congress adopted Adams' May 15 preamble, and had sent to the

1246:, in Philadelphia in May 1775. Some delegates supported eventual independence for the colonies, but none had yet declared it publicly, which was an act of treason punishable by death under the laws of the British monarchy at the time. 2097:"In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a 1866:"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the 1771:, who voted no. The remaining nine delegations voted in favor of independence, which meant that the resolution had been approved by the committee of the whole. The next step was for the resolution to be voted upon by Congress itself. 6996:", speculates that the Fair Copy was immediately sent to the printer so that copies could be made for each member of Congress to consult during the debate. All of these copies were then destroyed, theorizes Ritz, to preserve secrecy. 3783:

The document was apparently intended to be read aloud, but so far as is known Brown never did so, even though he read the Provisional Constitution aloud the day the raid on Harpers Ferry began. Very much aware of the history of the

1957:"He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. 1153:, and Thomas Jefferson argued that Parliament was the legislature of Great Britain only, and that the colonies, which had their own legislatures, were connected to the rest of the empire only through their allegiance to the Crown. 3995:" speech. This speech was meant to inspire the nation, to take up the causes of the Civil Rights Movement. King uses quotations from the Declaration of Independence to encourage equal treatment of all persons regardless of race. 1515:

ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."

1227:, were determined to enforce parliamentary supremacy over the Thirteen Colonies. In November 1774, King George, in a letter to North, wrote, "blows must decide whether they are to be subject to this country or independent". 3885:

yet Lincoln believed that the concept that "all men are created equal" remained a part of the nation's founding principles. He famously expressed this belief, referencing the year 1776, in the opening sentence of his 1863

1954:"He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. 4025:

delivered a speech. Milk alluded to the Declaration of Independence, emphasizing that the inalienable rights established by the Declaration apply to all persons and cannot be hindered because of one's sexual orientation.

1853:

Asserts as a matter of Natural Law the ability of a people to assume political independence; acknowledges that the grounds for such independence must be reasonable, and therefore explicable, and ought to be explained.

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In the campaign to revise Congressional instructions, many Americans formally expressed their support for separation from Great Britain in what were effectively state and local declarations of independence. Historian

2079:

to compleat the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

3170:

The Declaration was given little attention in the years immediately following the American Revolution, having served its original purpose in announcing the independence of the United States. Early celebrations of

1057:, the principal author of the Declaration, largely wrote the first draft of the Declaration in isolation between June 11, 1776, and June 28, 1776, from the second floor of a three-story home he was renting at 700 1651:, an Italian physician, philosopher, diplomat, promoter of liberty and author, whose phrase "All men are by nature equally free and independent" was incorporated into the United States Declaration of Independence 3099:, is not a single document. Boyd considered the printed broadsides ordered by Congress to be official texts, as well. The Declaration was first published as a broadside that was printed the night of July 4 by 2113:

Describes the colonists' attempts to inform and warn the British people of the king's injustice, and the British people's failure to act. Even so, it affirms the colonists' ties to the British as "brethren."

1960:"He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 2641:." The extent of Locke's influence on the American Revolution has been questioned by some subsequent scholars, however. Historian Ray Forrest Harvey argued in 1937 for the dominant influence of Swiss jurist 1808:

engrossed on parchment, with the title and stile of 'The unanimous declaration of the thirteen United States of America,' and that the same, when engrossed, be signed by every member of Congress." Historian

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otherwise. Reason third, you can write ten times better than I can." "Well," said Jefferson, "if you are decided, I will do as well as I can." "Very well. When you have drawn it up, we will have a meeting."

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Boyd, "Lost Original", 448–50. Boyd argued that, if a document was signed on July 4 (which he thought unlikely), it would have been the Fair Copy, and probably would have been signed only by Hancock and

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membership of the Second Continental Congress changed as time passed, and the figures in the painting were never in the same room at the same time. It is, however, an accurate depiction of the room in

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All men are created equal and they are endowed with certain inalienable rights... that's what America is. No matter how hard you try, you cannot erase those words from the Declaration of Independence.

3263:(1945). These declarations echoed the United States Declaration of Independence in announcing the independence of a new state, without necessarily endorsing the political philosophy of the original. 864: 7601:

If there be an object truly ridiculous in nature, it is an American patriot, signing resolutions of independency with the one hand, and with the other brandishing a whip over his affrighted slaves.

2797:

The signatories include then future presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, though the most legendary signature is John Hancock's. His large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and the term

2048:, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: 1786:, who voted for independence. The New York delegation abstained once again since they were still not authorized to vote for independence, although they were allowed to do so a week later by the 1655:

Political maneuvering was setting the stage for an official declaration of independence even while a document was being written to explain the decision. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed the

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Tutti gli uomini sono per natura egualmente liberi e indipendenti. Quest'eguaglianza è necessaria per costituire un governo libero. Bisogna che ognuno sia uguale all'altro nel diritto naturale.

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While some colonists still hoped for reconciliation, public support for independence strengthened considerably in early 1776. In February 1776, colonists learned of Parliament's passage of the

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deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.

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A Multitude of Amendments, Alterations and Additions: The Writing and Publicizing of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United States

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The Declaration of Independence has proven an influential and globally impactful statement on human rights, particularly its second sentence: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that

3239:, the Declaration of Independence did prove to be internationally influential, but not as a statement of human rights. Armitage argues that the Declaration was the first in a new genre of 2573:

of the Declaration of Independence. By Jefferson's own admission, the Declaration contained no original ideas, but was instead a statement of sentiments widely shared by supporters of the

5517: 2162:, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and 13962: 8970: 2794:

or two before you are dead." According to Rush, Harrison's remark "procured a transient smile, but it was soon succeeded by the Solemnity with which the whole business was conducted."

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found it necessary to argue that the Declaration's assertion that "all men are created equal" was false, or at least that it did not apply to black people. During the debate over the

3260: 11240: 9580: 8990: 3889:: "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." 3002: 2091: 1599: 886:, complete with changes made by Adams and Franklin, and Jefferson's notes of changes made by Congress. The best-known version of the Declaration is the signed copy displayed at the 2637:

wrote, "Most Americans had absorbed Locke's works as a kind of political gospel; and the Declaration, in its form, in its phraseology, follows closely certain sentences in Locke's

1572:

was "an enemy to the liberties of this country" and had him arrested. On June 21, they chose new delegates to Congress and empowered them to join in a declaration of independence.

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as "the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception". Their works in the physical and moral sciences were instrumental in Jefferson's education and world view.

3030:

The official copy of the Declaration of Independence was the one printed on July 4, 1776, under Jefferson's supervision. It was sent to the states and to the Army and was widely

1686:

Jefferson largely wrote the Declaration of Independence in isolation between June 11, 1776, and June 28, 1776, from the second floor of a three-story home he was renting at 700

1106:

Many colonists, however, had developed a different perspective of the empire. The colonies were not directly represented in Parliament, and colonists argued that Parliament had

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has played a significant role in popular conceptions of the Declaration of Independence. The painting is 12-by-18-foot (3.7 by 5.5 m) in size and was commissioned by the

2615:. During the American Revolution, Jefferson and other Americans looked to the English Declaration of Rights as a model of how to end the reign of an unjust king. The Scottish 1122:

throughout the empire, and anything that Parliament did was constitutional. In the colonies, however, the idea had developed that the British Constitution recognized certain

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jurisdiction in the colonies. As a result of this ideological shift in the colonies, many colonialists participated in tax protests against the Royal authority such as the

4002:

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."

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of Indiana argued that the statement "all men are created equal" was not a "self-evident truth" but a "self-evident lie". Opponents of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, including

1319:

These are the times that try men's souls; the summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it

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Lucas, Stephen E. (1994). Hofte, Rosemarijn; Kardux, Johanna C. (eds.). "The 'Plakkaat van Verlatinge': A Neglected Model for the American Declaration of Independence".

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Other countries have used the Declaration as inspiration or have directly copied sections from it. These include the Haitian declaration of January 1, 1804, during the

13557: 10068: 1184: 190: 2943:. British Tories denounced the signers of the Declaration for not applying the same principles of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" to African Americans. 1433:

in a special election that had focused on the question of independence. In response, Congress passed a resolution on May 10 which had been promoted by John Adams and

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Mead, John (2008). "Declarations of Liberty: Representations of Black/White Alliances Against Slavery by John Brown, James Redpath, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson".

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into the United States coincided with the growing stature of the Declaration. The first major public debate about slavery and the Declaration took place during the

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expressed similar viewpoints in his essay "Liberty Further Extended", where he wrote that "Liberty is Equally as preious to a Black man, as it is to a white one".

2720: 2136:"We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends." 528: 2897:, instructing him to have it proclaimed "at the Head of the Army in the way you shall think it most proper". Washington had the Declaration read to his troops in 14242: 13122: 8963: 7858: 5162: 1870:

and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation."

8286: 5137: 3629:. Garrison called for the destruction of the government under the Constitution, and the creation of a new state dedicated to the principles of the Declaration. 3378:

from December 1860 also mentions the U.S. Declaration of Independence, though it omits references to "all men are created equal" and "consent of the governed".

867:, which was widely distributed. The Declaration was first read to the public simultaneously at noon on July 8, 1776, in three exclusively designated locations: 15001: 13729: 13497: 13331: 12987: 8791: 5184: 1755:

made one last effort to delay the decision, arguing that Congress should not declare independence without first securing a foreign alliance and finalizing the

8544: 6544: 14018: 13585: 13475: 12170: 11638: 11485: 10348: 9737: 5275:"Declaration of Independence. In Congress, July 4, 1776, a Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress Assembled" 1763:

independence. The New York delegation abstained, lacking permission to vote for independence. Delaware cast no vote because the delegation was split between

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onto the colonies, in order to moderate the document and appease those in South Carolina and Georgia, both states which had significant involvement in the

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but the Declaration that was finally produced was "the majestic document that inspired both contemporaries and posterity", in the words of his biographer

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abstained, allowing the delegation to vote three-to-two in favor of independence. The tie in the Delaware delegation was broken by the timely arrival of

1698:. Considering Congress's busy schedule, Jefferson probably had limited time for writing over these 17 days, and he likely wrote his first draft quickly. 2959:. Both pamphlets questioned how the American slaveholders in Congress could proclaim that "all men are created equal" without freeing their own slaves. 863:

After unanimously ratifying the text on July 4, 1776, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was published as the printed

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wrote that "abolitionists tended to interpret the Declaration of Independence as a theological as well as a political document". Abolitionist leaders

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unanimously approved the text of the Declaration of Independence. (Most border disputes omitted. Some colonies had already declared independence; see

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which announced the creation of new states. Other French leaders were directly influenced by the text of the Declaration of Independence itself. The

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We, the Other People: Alternative Declarations of Independence by Labor Groups, Farmers, Woman's Rights Advocates, Socialists, and Blacks, 1829–1975

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admired the Declaration of Independence but were also interested in the new American state constitutions. The inspiration and content of the French

15287: 13984: 13957: 13274: 1640:'s supervision. The engrossed copy signed in August had slightly different phrasing of the opening lines, and pointedly added the word "unanimous". 1307:, which described the uphill battle against the British for independence as a challenging but achievable and necessary objective, was published in 11138: 6789: 6063:.Historian Robert Middlekauff argues that the political ideas of the independence movement took their origins mainly from the "eighteenth-century 1099:

of 1767. Parliament believed that these acts were a legitimate means of having the colonies pay their fair share of the costs to keep them in the

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independence. In Pennsylvania, political struggles ended with the dissolution of the colonial assembly, and a new Conference of Committees under

1087:

and Great Britain had been at war for more than a year. Relations had been deteriorating between the colonies and the mother country since 1763.

8103: 7588: 6746: 6056: 5525: 4294: 2927:. It reached Portuguese America by Brazilian medical student "Vendek" José Joaquim Maia e Barbalho, who had met with Thomas Jefferson in Nîmes. 14140: 13058: 12545: 12372: 9942: 8811: 8455: 7515: 6926: 5906: 5481:: the phrase in the Declaration of Independence 'All men are created equal', was suggested by the Italian patriot and immigrant Filippo Mazzei. 4353: 4254: 3347: 443: 6220: 6126: 5776: 2855:

After Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration on July 4, a handwritten copy was sent a few blocks away to the printing shop of

1775:

of South Carolina was opposed to Lee's resolution but desirous of unanimity, and he moved that the vote be postponed until the following day.

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for instructions. On May 20, the Annapolis Convention rejected Adams' preamble, instructing its delegates to remain against independence. But

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had been opposed to slavery in principle, and so new slave states should not be added to the country. Pro-slavery Congressmen led by Senator

2729:

The signed Declaration of Independence, now badly faded because of poor preservation practices during the 19th century, is on display at the

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of 1773. Many colonists considered the Coercive Acts to be in violation of the British Constitution and a threat to the liberties of all of

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and was tasked by the Continental Congress with printing the signed Declaration. Her normal signature, in her capacity as the owner of the

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Years of exposure to damaging lighting resulted in the original Declaration of Independence document having much of its ink fade by 1876.

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The Declaration became official when Congress recorded its vote adopting the document on July 4; it was transposed on paper and signed by

15096: 14939: 14834: 14579: 14317: 13437: 13348: 13090: 13075: 12957: 12407: 12331: 11820: 11759: 7779: 7174: 3569: 2821: 1050: 438: 7213: 6241: 5478: 3741:. It was written out on sheets of paper attached to fabric, to allow it to be rolled, and it was rolled when found. The hand is that of 15282: 14922: 14437: 14432: 14422: 13795: 13524: 12772: 12362: 12068: 11271: 10616: 9560: 9209: 9152: 6460: 4151: 1904: 1126:

that no government could violate, including Parliament. After the Townshend Acts, some essayists questioned whether Parliament had any

937: 488: 433: 195: 12160: 7762: 6432: 6104:, especially chs. 11–13. Wills concludes (p. 315) that "the air of enlightened America was full of Hutcheson's politics, not Locke's". 4367:

Lucas, Stephen E. (1989). "Justifying America: The Declaration of Independence as a Rhetorical Document". In Benson, Thomas W. (ed.).

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is usually cited as one of the primary influences, a man whom Jefferson called one of "the three greatest men that have ever lived".

2206:(age 70) was the oldest signer. The fifty-six signers of the Declaration represented the new states as follows (from north to south): 15091: 15034: 14927: 14756: 14198: 12236: 11643: 10867: 9730: 9157: 8906: 8723:

McDonald, Robert M. S. "Thomas Jefferson's Changing Reputation as Author of the Declaration of Independence: The First Fifty Years".

7075: 3695: 3637: 2851:, signer of the Declaration of Independence, manumitted his slave, believing that he could not both fight for liberty and own slaves. 744: 635: 5832: 3956:" on the Declaration of Independence, in which they demanded social and political equality for women. Their motto was that "All men 2806:

together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately." That quotation first appeared in print in an 1837 London humor magazine.

15242: 15138: 14934: 14427: 13915: 13855: 13415: 13070: 12962: 12812: 12402: 11588: 11154: 10581: 10508: 8446: 8428:

The Declaration of Independence: The Evolution of the Text as Shown in Facsimiles of Various Drafts by its Author, Thomas Jefferson

6443: 4245: 3711: 3406:, thanks to a growing American nationalism and a renewed interest in the history of the Revolution. In 1817, Congress commissioned 3351: 428: 423: 7619: 7037: 15044: 15017: 14976: 14971: 14944: 14874: 14761: 14557: 14364: 13952: 13776: 13674: 13306: 11947: 11633: 10258: 9986: 9275: 8326: 8160: 8081: 5256: 3659:

of North Carolina argued that the Declaration was not a part of the Constitution and therefore had no relevance to the question.

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Jefferson wrote that a number of authors exerted a general influence on the words of the Declaration. English political theorist

2377: 1990:"He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance. 1418: 6630: 2058:"For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 856:, in April 1775. Two days prior to the Declaration's unanimous adoption, the Second Continental Congress unanimously passed the 15145: 14854: 14537: 14442: 14272: 14220: 14181: 13748: 13743: 13597: 13534: 13487: 13465: 13430: 13085: 12941: 12367: 12150: 11825: 11215: 10994: 9700: 7584: 5993: 5691: 4074:, where the signatures of all the original signers are carved in stone with their names, places of residence, and occupations. 3723: 3461: 3448: 3411: 3248: 3108: 3031: 418: 153: 5104: 3752:

Imitating the vocabulary, punctuation, and capitalization of the 73-year-old U.S. Declaration, the 2000-word document begins:

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Lucas, Stephen E., "Justifying America: The Declaration of Independence as a Rhetorical Document", in Thomas W. Benson, ed.,

8496: 7894: 7207: 6262:, p. 137 (Harcourt Press 2004) (it "is not a law and therefore is not subjected to rigorous interpretation and enforcement"). 6184: 6164: 5699: 5581: 5050: 5031: 4490: 4394: 4329: 3817: 3730:. It was widely reproduced in the press, and in full in the Select Senate Committee report on John Brown's insurrection (the 3652: 3558: 3519: 3343: 3275: 1725: 940:." Stephen Lucas called the Declaration of Independence "one of the best-known sentences in the English language." Historian 807: 785: 115: 7957: 15157: 15054: 14991: 14981: 14864: 14655: 14618: 14547: 14379: 14344: 13895: 13625: 13358: 13129: 13080: 13053: 12977: 12936: 12482: 11845: 10832: 10198: 10149: 9790: 9723: 9600: 6530:

Papas, Philip. That Ever Loyal Island. Staten Island in the American Revolution. New York University Press, 2007, pgs 74-76

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Rhode Island was the first colony to renounce allegiance to Great Britain's King George III by an official legislative act.

4163: 3742: 3252: 1977:; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. 1577: 800: 737: 8190: 7366:

Detweiler, Philip F. (October 1962). "The Changing Reputation of the Declaration of Independence: The First Fifty Years".

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against King George for violating the constitutional rights of the colonists. As such, it follows the process of the 1550

1778:

On July 2, South Carolina reversed its position and voted for independence. In the Pennsylvania delegation, Dickinson and

860:, which established the consensus of the Congress that the British had no governing authority over the Thirteen Colonies. 15113: 15101: 15039: 14796: 14287: 14186: 13783: 13442: 13338: 13222: 12477: 12357: 12180: 11623: 11613: 11603: 10501: 5609: 3279: 2090:"He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the 844:

The Declaration was a formal explanation of why the Continental Congress voted to declare American independence from the

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authority. An equestrian statue of King George in New York City was pulled down and the lead used to make musket balls.

1441:

of their affairs" to adopt new governments. The resolution passed unanimously, and was even supported by Pennsylvania's

909:

and by asserting certain natural and legal rights, including a right of revolution. On November 19, 1863, following the

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This section essentially finishes the case for independence. The conditions that justified revolution have been shown.

2028: 1111: 1107: 273: 262: 15128: 15108: 15059: 15049: 14917: 14839: 14816: 14776: 14640: 14630: 14507: 14482: 14389: 14369: 13847: 13637: 13363: 12745: 12504: 12248: 11399: 10343: 9285: 9260: 9224: 8894: 8876: 8774: 8753: 8717: 8581: 8517: 7997: 7708:

Detweiler, Philip F. (April 1958). "Congressional Debate on Slavery and the Declaration of Independence, 1819–1821".

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Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations action in the question of Southern Rhodesia

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reading of the Declaration, but he also argued that Wills's critics similarly read their own views into the document.

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Brown did not have it printed, and his Declaration of Liberty, dated July 4, 1859, was found among his papers at the

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All men are by nature equally free and independent. Such equality is necessary in order to create a free government.

4875: 810:, and the Declaration has become one of the most circulated, reprinted, and influential documents in world history. 15292: 15133: 15079: 15064: 14966: 14801: 14277: 14230: 14225: 14127: 14054: 13754: 13519: 13048: 12472: 12422: 12392: 12377: 12231: 11877: 11339: 11279: 11220: 9677: 9654: 8541: 6540: 3529:

Trumbull's painting has been depicted multiple times on U.S. currency and postage stamps. Its first use was on the

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since 1826. It is sometimes described as the signing of the Declaration of Independence, but it actually shows the

3216:

prepared its key drafts, working closely in Paris with his friend Thomas Jefferson. It also borrowed language from

3172: 3065: 1997: 1980:"He has obstructed the Administration of Justice by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers. 1791: 1235: 853: 483: 5159: 3183:

announcing that act attracted little attention. The Declaration was rarely mentioned during the debates about the

15257: 15167: 14956: 14897: 14806: 14697: 14672: 14169: 14159: 13724: 13642: 13580: 13564: 13410: 13405: 13169: 13149: 13139: 13134: 12487: 11794: 11784: 11774: 10571: 10141: 8927: 8130: 6395: 5141: 3937: 3271: 3012: 2948: 2914: 2665: 2598:. Ideas and phrases from both of these documents appear in the Declaration of Independence. Mason's opening was: 2586:

Jefferson's most immediate sources were two documents written in June 1776: his own draft of the preamble of the

1967:

Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness of his invasions on the rights of the people.

1123: 267: 8238: 7630: 5715: 5179: 3576:, and condemning King George III for forcing it onto the colonies, but this was deleted from the final version. 1110:

upon them. This tax dispute was part of a larger divergence between British and American interpretations of the

15150: 14824: 14771: 14687: 14677: 14645: 14574: 14562: 14517: 14404: 14302: 14164: 14084: 14074: 13860: 13717: 13420: 13378: 13321: 13095: 13006: 12387: 11475: 11439: 11176: 10700: 10047: 9532: 9280: 6284: 6275: 3877: 3221: 3188: 3156: 2974: 2595: 2381: 2373: 1920: 1150: 473: 6249:, p. 25 (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002): "the Declaration is not a legal instrument, like the Constitution". 15267: 15237: 14902: 14766: 14682: 14613: 14584: 14522: 14412: 14384: 14028: 13400: 13293: 12531: 12038: 11997: 11329: 10963: 10879: 10852: 10461: 9908: 9834: 9342: 8903:

NPR. "Read Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream" Speech in Its Entirety." NPR.org. NPR, January 18, 2010.

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The Constitutional History and Law of Southern Rhodesia 1888–1965, with Special Reference to Imperial Control

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In the 19th century, the Declaration took on a special significance for the abolitionist movement. Historian

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the Declaration and the United States Constitution among Creoles in Chile and Indians in Mexico in 1821. The

2878: 2683: 2427: 2284: 2233: 1445:, the leader of the anti-independence faction in Congress, who believed that it did not apply to his colony. 1223:

for repeal of the acts. These measures were unsuccessful, however, since King George and the Prime Minister,

1011:

The Declaration of Independence inspired many similar documents in other countries, the first being the 1789

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of Canada Free Press, August 4, 2014, parts II. Magdeburg Confession and III. Doctrine of Lesser Magistrates

1882:

Outlines a general philosophy of government that justifies revolution when government harms natural rights.

1821:

The declaration is not divided into formal sections; but it is often discussed as consisting of five parts:

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piratical warfare, the opprobium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian king of Great Britain.

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Bonfires and Illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other from this Time forward forever more.

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of 1819 to 1821. Anti-slavery Congressmen argued that the language of the Declaration indicated that the

3507: 3469: 3391: 3240: 3107:. Dunlap printed about 200 broadsides, of which 26 are known to survive. The 26th copy was discovered in 2745: 2638: 2159: 2004: 1907:.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the 1287: 1279: 1239: 1224: 1180: 1166: 1088: 777: 630: 600: 493: 170: 119: 12165: 11480: 8820: 8464: 6781: 3147:

On April 21, 2017, it was announced that a second engrossed copy had been discovered in the archives at

2072:"He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. 15022: 14892: 14724: 14704: 14692: 14502: 14492: 14174: 14079: 13692: 13682: 13209: 13204: 13194: 13189: 12711: 12467: 11892: 11744: 11546: 10889: 10740: 10685: 10524: 10409: 10277: 10058: 9962: 9672: 9642: 8475:

Empire or Independence, 1760–1776: A British-American Dialogue on the Coming of the American Revolution

8291: 7860:

A Declaration of Liberty By the Representatives of the slave Popolation of the United States of America

3453: 3390:. Throughout the 1780s, few Americans knew or cared who wrote the Declaration. But in the next decade, 3236: 3148: 3023: 2833: 2825: 2694: 2487: 2468: 2365: 1355: 1231: 1208: 1162: 1001: 997: 849: 701: 390: 367: 86: 12175: 11907: 8764: 7747: 6734: 4298: 4093:

The adoption of the Declaration of Independence was dramatized in the 1969 Tony Award-winning musical

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and the extent of Parliament's authority in the colonies. The orthodox British view, dating from the

957: 933: 706: 560: 8900:"Declaration of Sentiments Full Text - Text of Stanton's Declaration - Owl Eyes." Owleyes.org, 2018. 8783:

Ritz, Wilfred J. "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776".

6684:

Strictures upon the Declaration of the Congress at Philadelphia in a Letter to a Noble Lord, &c.

5903: 5768: 14714: 14094: 14064: 14059: 14049: 13815: 13771: 13612: 13373: 13159: 13023: 12837: 12777: 11515: 11500: 11449: 11424: 11394: 11314: 11304: 11115: 10466: 10430: 6958: 6273:"Originalism's Subject Matter: Why the Declaration of Independence Is Not Part of the Constitution" 6217: 6123: 5877:

To Henry Lee – Thomas Jefferson The Works, vol. 12 (Correspondence and Papers 1816–1826; 1905)

4130: 3960:

are created equal", and they demanded the right to vote. Excerpt from "Declaration of Sentiments":

3663: 3563:

The apparent contradiction between the claim that "all men are created equal" and the existence of

3159:, who had argued strongly that the Declaration was made not by the States but by the whole people. 2905:

One of the first readings of the Declaration by the British is believed to have taken place at the

2587: 2353: 2348: 1993:"He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. 1939:

documenting the king's "repeated injuries and usurpations" of the Americans' rights and liberties.

1759:. John Adams gave a speech in reply to Dickinson, restating the case for an immediate declaration. 1475: 1430: 1230:

Most colonists still hoped for reconciliation with Great Britain, even after fighting began in the

1195:, known as the Intolerable Acts in the colonies. This was intended to punish the colonists for the 981: 845: 10384: 8260: 7608: 4268: 2935:

did not give an official answer to the Declaration, but instead secretly commissioned pamphleteer

2094:

whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

2087:, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. 1382:, which established a blockade of American ports and declared American ships to be enemy vessels. 1358:'s most complex and daring military campaigns, resulting in a much-needed military victory in the 14208: 13944: 13702: 12669: 12442: 12002: 11669: 11556: 11299: 10894: 10791: 10695: 10623: 10282: 10074: 9567: 6847: 5635: 4105: 3933: 3671: 3428: 3371: 3366:

is based on the American one, as well, ratified in November 1965, although it omits the phrases "

2910: 2642: 2616: 1987:

on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

1908: 1535: 1216: 1142: 696: 372: 207: 11128: 8507: 6152: 5798: 4125:

on December 7, 1969, and it was taken as a song of protest by some opposed to the Vietnam War.

4085:(2014) is 1776 feet high to symbolize the year that the Declaration of Independence was signed. 2919: 1973:"He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the 1813:

alliances, a military ally in diplomacy, and a partner in foreign trade on a more equal basis."

1455:

This Day the Congress has passed the most important Resolution, that ever was taken in America.

878:

What Jefferson called his "original Rough draft", one of several revisions, is preserved at the

15206: 14660: 14010: 13820: 13800: 13602: 13457: 13252: 13199: 13184: 13028: 12716: 12492: 12221: 11789: 11551: 11014: 10984: 10556: 10180: 9992: 9935: 9840: 9784: 9715: 7786:. "His Soul Goes Marching On": The Life and Legacy of John Brown. June 15, 1860. Archived from 7580: 5445: 4871: 4078: 3988: 3949: 3941: 3925: 3820:. Lincoln thought that the Declaration of Independence expressed the highest principles of the 3621: 3495: 3386:

Interest in the Declaration was revived in the 1790s with the emergence of the United States's

3115: 3061: 2865: 2661: 2535: 2385: 2321: 1744: 1127: 977: 936:, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are 647: 498: 448: 352: 257: 8933: 7787: 7158: 6656: 5550: 3726:. It outlines the three branches of government in the quasi-country he hoped to set up in the 3087:

The document signed by Congress and enshrined in the National Archives is usually regarded as

2844: 14859: 14542: 13657: 13214: 13179: 13174: 13117: 13100: 12830: 12457: 12242: 11952: 11764: 11459: 11414: 11379: 11309: 11294: 11230: 10979: 10919: 10796: 10440: 10435: 10404: 10369: 10101: 10029: 9891: 9860: 9796: 9662: 9383: 7863:. Preserving American Freedom : The Evolution of American Liberties in Fifty Documents. 7510: 7197: 6492: 6238: 6114:

Hutcheson in any of his writings (p. 514). See also Kenneth S. Lynn, "Falsifying Jefferson",

6052:

A brief, online overview of the classical liberalism vs. republicanism debate is Alec Ewald,

5554: 3909:, argued that Lincoln dangerously expanded the scope of the national government and violated 3727: 3415: 3076:, where they were kept until 1944. In 1952, the engrossed Declaration was transferred to the 2936: 2906: 2458: 2021:

from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

1984: 1406: 1251: 1014: 806:

The 56 delegates who signed the Declaration of Independence came to be known as the nation's

641: 503: 234: 8948: 8938: 8349: 8104:"Unitarian Universalism Holds that No Person's Identity is Dictated by Laws and Legislation" 7815:

John Brown and his men; with some account of the roads they traveled to reach Harper's Ferry

6467: 2813:

used at the signing was also used at the signing of the United States Constitution in 1787.

2007:, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: 43: 15211: 14339: 14213: 14104: 13482: 12914: 12894: 12842: 12792: 12733: 12664: 12307: 12258: 11359: 11354: 11344: 11090: 10842: 10837: 10586: 10394: 10379: 10374: 10080: 9982: 9927: 9883: 9846: 9497: 7759: 7753: 6429: 5407: 4602: 4121: 4063: 3542: 3541:

used in printing the bank notes was used to produce a 24-cent stamp, issued as part of the

3464:

is often identified as a depiction of the Declaration's signing, but it actually shows the

2873: 2860: 2678: 2650: 2570: 2481: 2410: 2396: 2298: 1809: 1729: 1672: 1479: 1342:, public support for independence from Great Britain steadily increased. After reading it, 1220: 1023: 985: 973: 910: 868: 830: 726: 691: 686: 550: 332: 10227: 7067: 6879:"Made in 1776: Rare copy of the Declaration of Independence goes on view at Washington U." 1743:

Congress tabled the draft of the declaration on Monday, July 1 and resolved itself into a

1171: 8: 15252: 14751: 14667: 14477: 14193: 13878: 13509: 12706: 12499: 12145: 11902: 11525: 11404: 11384: 11369: 11349: 11334: 11105: 10904: 10634: 10538: 10272: 10041: 9747: 9647: 9624: 9373: 8527: 5998: 5828: 4297:. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. January 17, 2010. Archived from 3984: 3921: 3821: 3805: 3785: 3648: 3626: 3613: 3601: 3530: 3339: 3209: 3081: 3050: 3015: 2965:, a signer of the Declaration of Independence who had fought in the war, freed his slave 2869: 2786: 2612: 2608: 2574: 2550:, was "M.K. Goddard," but she signed the Declaration of Independence with her full name. 2543: 2510: 2450: 2195: 1974: 1964: 1912: 1748: 1367: 1115: 1005: 891: 879: 872: 772:

in both the engrossed version and the original printing, is the founding document of the

605: 595: 577: 143: 91: 8855: 8766:

The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress

8590:

Journals of the Continental Congress,1774–1789, Vol. 5 ( Library of Congress, 1904–1937)

8585: 8443: 7531: 6440: 4242: 4199: 3187:, and its language was not incorporated into that document. George Mason's draft of the 2569:

Historians have often sought to identify the sources that most influenced the words and

13991: 13979: 13697: 13687: 13664: 13647: 13043: 12787: 12782: 12654: 12437: 12397: 11967: 11922: 11444: 11434: 11364: 10827: 10690: 10660: 10015: 9950: 9435: 9105: 8844: 8730: 8618: 7935: 7927: 7819: 7743: 7725: 7616: 7465: 7383: 6595: 6137:, Spring 1980, 244–61) agreed that Wills overstated Hutcheson's influence to provide a 6084: 4347: 3886: 3842: 3699: 3633: 3534: 3387: 3331: 3267: 2702: 2496: 2433: 2275: 2250: 1900: 1483: 1019: 993: 969: 945:

political philosophy and argued that it is a statement of principles through which the

922: 914: 317: 8077: 8050:

M. E. Bradford (1976), "The Heresy of Equality: A Reply to Harry Jaffa", reprinted in

7813: 7576:

Fragment of an original letter on the Slavery of the Negroes, written in the year 1776

5253: 4480: 1294:

Between April and July 1776, a "complex political war" was waged to bring this about.

890:

in Washington, D.C., which is popularly regarded as the official document; this copy,

14734: 13890: 13242: 12740: 12659: 12644: 12088: 12048: 11872: 11580: 11454: 11429: 11389: 11374: 11324: 11255: 11225: 11082: 11041: 10445: 10307: 9976: 9778: 9612: 9547: 9378: 9363: 9255: 9219: 9183: 8890: 8872: 8826: 8770: 8749: 8713: 8695: 8640: 8634: 8622: 8577: 8513: 8492: 7993: 7939: 7890: 7543: 7457: 7448:(1). Williamsburg: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 39–64. 7305: 7276: 7253: 7203: 7164: 7108: 6623: 6587: 6160: 6003: 5931: 5695: 5585: 5577: 5450: 4851: 4627: 4568: 4486: 4420: 4390: 4335: 4325: 4205: 4110: 3910: 3902: 3515: 3503: 3465: 3229: 3201: 3132: 3037:

The copy of the Declaration that was signed by Congress is known as the engrossed or

2956: 2894: 2707: 2687: 2620: 2454: 2442: 2361: 2334: 2307: 2203: 2076: 1695: 1664: 1656: 1550: 1539: 1507: 1434: 1363: 1359: 1343: 1339: 1271: 1243: 1176: 1084: 953: 822: 814: 796: 781: 523: 224: 162: 105: 8491:. Revised edition. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Library, 2010. 7749:

John Brown. An Address at the Fourteenth Anniversary of Storer College, May 30, 1881

3402:

A less partisan appreciation for the Declaration emerged in the years following the

1911:,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the 1751:

of Virginia presiding, and they resumed debate on Lee's resolution of independence.

1701:

Examination of the text of the early Declaration drafts reflects the influence that

1424:

Some colonies held back from endorsing independence. Resistance was centered in the

14650: 14497: 14203: 14023: 13033: 12874: 12857: 12852: 12691: 12427: 12113: 12078: 11987: 11972: 11957: 11917: 11729: 11419: 11100: 11095: 11009: 10934: 10884: 10786: 10675: 10670: 10035: 10023: 10004: 9916: 9897: 9873: 9690: 9527: 9513: 9445: 9440: 9368: 9214: 9079: 9025: 8687: 8610: 7919: 7839: 7717: 7449: 7375: 6579: 5604: 5574:

Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution

4168: 4071: 3980: 3715: 3395: 3355: 2978: 2734: 2504: 2500: 2446: 2330: 2227: 2187: 1668: 1637: 1609: 1569: 1547: 1401: 1347: 1200: 1192: 1135: 1075: 1054: 1026:. It also served as the primary model for numerous declarations of independence in 883: 826: 610: 403: 398: 357: 347: 229: 101: 8318: 3414:

of the signers, which was exhibited to large crowds before being installed in the

2534:

The version of the signed document that people saw at the time was also signed by

1565:

had been governing the province since January 1776; they resolved on June 15 that

1266: 14359: 14135: 14033: 13805: 13105: 13038: 12807: 12728: 12674: 12447: 11992: 11932: 11897: 11887: 11284: 11205: 11133: 11078: 10989: 10958: 10914: 10847: 10806: 10766: 10755: 10725: 10389: 9853: 9607: 9595: 9590: 9461: 9430: 9074: 9069: 8913: 8806: 8796:

of Jefferson's Handwritten Rough Draft of the Declaration of Independence to the

8679: 8673: 8548: 8503: 8450: 7954:"Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865): Political Debates Between Lincoln and Douglas 1897" 7953: 7766: 7634: 7623: 7612: 7440:

Armitage, David (2002). "The Declaration of Independence and International Law".

7199:

American Constitutionalism Heard Round the World, 1776–1989: A Global Perspective

7104: 6447: 6436: 6279: 6245: 6224: 6191: 6130: 6064: 6060: 5910: 5685: 5616: 5569: 5440: 5260: 5188: 5166: 4886: 4882: 4505: 4249: 3964:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal

3813: 3801: 3679: 3667: 3656: 3545:. An engraving of the signing scene has been featured on the reverse side of the 3538: 3080:

and is now on permanent display at the National Archives in the "Rotunda for the

3042: 2986: 2962: 2883: 2848: 2515: 2492: 2391: 2223: 2219: 2199: 2167: 2066: 2011: 1772: 1737: 1716:

Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled."

1425: 1379: 1204: 1185:

Territorial evolution of the United States § 1776–1784 (American Revolution)

989: 918: 895: 565: 342: 322: 312: 302: 8489:

Declaring Independence: The Origins and Influence of America's Founding Document

7883:

The Untold Story of Shields Green: The Life and Death of a Harper's Ferry Raider

5924:

Connecting Cultures: The Netherlands in Five Centuries of Transatlantic Exchange

2166:, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent 1616: 1091:

enacted a series of measures to increase revenue from the colonies, such as the

14829: 14729: 14112: 13247: 13237: 13232: 13227: 12899: 12762: 12696: 12043: 11937: 10939: 10771: 10760: 10705: 10680: 10333: 10119: 9998: 9970: 9817: 9769: 9542: 9404: 9388: 9162: 9131: 9110: 8822:

For Liberty and Equality: The Life and Times of the Declaration of Independence

8760: 8683: 8422: 8408: 8212: 8186: 7835:"John Brown's Passionate 'Declaration of Liberty', Written on a Lengthy Scroll" 6921: 4957: 4560: 4195: 4095: 3992: 3898: 3893: 3873: 3731: 3617: 3510:

on June 28, 1776, and not the signing of the document, which took place later.

3359: 3247:(1790) was the first foreign derivation of the Declaration; others include the 3175:

largely ignored the Declaration, as did early histories of the Revolution. The

3092: 3019: 2966: 2952: 2932: 2790: 2725: 2698: 2634: 2473: 2462: 2292: 2269: 2254: 2163: 2150: 2018: 1752: 1717: 1648: 1632: 1511: 1496: 1442: 1421:, allegedly adopted in May 1775 (a full year before other local declarations). 1131: 1100: 1096: 1092: 857: 508: 327: 307: 10292: 9757:

American resolves, declarations, petitions, essays and pamphlets prior to the

8691: 8381: 8078:"Modern History Sourcebook: Seneca Falls: The Declaration of Sentiments, 1848" 5856:"Mary Katharine Goddard, the Woman Who Signed the Declaration of Independence" 3662:

With the abolitionist movement gaining momentum, defenders of slavery such as

1506:

Crown or Parliament of Great Britain". In accordance with those instructions,

1350:

troops, who were demoralized following recent military defeats. A week later,

925:, a brief but powerful and enduring 271-word statement dedicating what became 898:, was ordered by Congress on July 19, and signed primarily on August 2, 1776. 15226: 13810: 13110: 12919: 12554: 12341: 12108: 12093: 12083: 12063: 12012: 11982: 11977: 11912: 11739: 11593: 10999: 10857: 10655: 10493: 9617: 9471: 9311: 9306: 9265: 9250: 9229: 9188: 9178: 9147: 9005: 8669: 8630: 8558: 7547: 7461: 6924:(1976). "The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original". 6591: 6138: 6068: 6017: 5935: 4843: 4339: 4271:(Press release). National Archives and Records Administration. June 1, 2005. 4082: 4067: 4018: 3945: 3683: 3606: 3487: 3457: 3407: 2982: 2970:

after the war for Independence began, and all had abolished slavery by 1804.

2898: 2837: 2810: 2781: 2773: 2761: 2646: 2523: 2404: 2400: 2369: 2357: 2342: 2311: 2303: 2280: 1896: 1783: 1764: 1676: 1604: 1558: 1396: 1196: 1031: 834: 773: 681: 4055:

The Declaration was one of the first texts to be made into an ebook (1971).

3686:, defended the Declaration and what they saw as its antislavery principles. 1561:

authorized Pennsylvania's delegates to declare independence on June 18. The

1438: 14117: 14089: 13144: 12336: 12053: 12033: 12007: 11927: 11734: 11679: 11664: 11510: 11495: 11490: 11019: 10949: 10750: 10735: 10629: 10597: 10414: 10399: 10172: 9501: 9409: 9358: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9193: 9095: 9052: 8653: 6181:

Tyranny and Resistance: The Magdeburg Confession and the Lutheran Tradition

6025: 4510: 4382: 4128:

The Declaration of Independence is a plot device in the 2004 American film

3906: 3881: 3738: 3523: 3217: 3104: 2924: 2890: 2769: 2749: 2591: 2477: 2438: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2315: 2246: 2238: 2183: 1948: 1888: 1711: 1706: 1691: 1625: 1581: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1275: 1212: 1146: 1062: 941: 901:

The Declaration justified the independence of the United States by listing

789: 297: 174: 62: 48:

The 1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy of the Declaration of Independence

8414:

The Declaration of independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas

7257: 6041:

Jean Jacques Burlamaqui: A Liberal Tradition in American Constitutionalism

5589: 4201:

The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas

3438: 3041:

copy. It was probably engrossed (that is, carefully handwritten) by clerk

2668:, rather than Locke, an interpretation that has been strongly criticized. 2083:"He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to 1636:

The opening of the Declaration's original printing on July 4, 1776, under

1409:

of South Carolina: "the law of the land authorizes me to declare ... that

1083:

By the time the Declaration of Independence was adopted in July 1776, the

14394: 13925: 13262: 13164: 12904: 12767: 12523: 12103: 12058: 11962: 11882: 11769: 11169: 11164: 8862: 8561:. "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A Critique of Garry Wills's 8380:(Commentary). August 19, 2019. Event occurs at 1:36–8:50. Archived from 6119: 6072: 4962:

The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 1763–1776

4387:

American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic

4150:, Focus Today aired a clip of Harvey speaking about the lives of all the 4147: 4100: 4022: 3675: 3573: 3403: 3287: 3100: 3096: 2856: 2657: 2084: 1867: 799:

regarded themselves as independent sovereign states no longer subject to

776:. On July 4, 1776, it was adopted unanimously by the 56 delegates to the 8737:. Revised and expanded edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 7931: 7275:(1st ed.). London & Sydney: Cavendish Publishing. p. 207. 7038:"Rare parchment copy of US Declaration of Independence found in England" 2886:

translation of the Declaration was published in Philadelphia by July 9.

2740: 2158:"We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in 13257: 13063: 12889: 12884: 12802: 12263: 12028: 11942: 11810: 10822: 10781: 10561: 9466: 9100: 8848: 8614: 8026:

A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

7923: 7729: 7469: 7387: 6624:"The Contagion of Sovereignty: Declarations of Independence since 1776" 6599: 6567: 6080: 6021: 4371:. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 85. 3804:, who believed the Declaration expressed the highest principles of the 3746: 3594: 3283: 3152: 2673: 2627: 2563: 2539: 2519: 2242: 2191: 2045: 2035: 1702: 1660: 1644: 1543: 1470: 1383: 906: 818: 239: 8930:

lesson plan for grades 9–12 from National Endowment for the Humanities

2182:

The first and most famous signature on the engrossed copy was that of

14746: 14739: 12140: 10899: 10745: 10164: 8234: 7627: 6812:"Rare copy of United States Declaration of Independence found in Kew" 6124:"Garry Wills and the New Debate Over the Declaration of Independence" 5927: 4224: 4138: 3940:, New York, the first women's rights convention. It was organized by 3303: 3291: 3069: 3038: 2990: 2603:

possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.

2051:"For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and 2041:"For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences: 1916: 408: 292: 7721: 7453: 7379: 6583: 6272: 3583:

Determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought and sold

952:

The 56 delegates who signed the Declaration represented each of the

12929: 12879: 12073: 10730: 8444:"The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original" 7579:. London: Printed for John Stockdale (1784). Boston: Re-printed by 4243:"The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original" 3590: 3327: 3323: 3295: 3073: 1863:

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,

1466: 8533:

The Declaration of Independence: An Interpretation and an Analysis

7511:"The Historical Value of Trumbull's – Declaration of Independence" 5274: 3812:

The Declaration's relationship to slavery was taken up in 1854 by

3796: 3007: 1694:, now called the Declaration House and within walking distance of 770:

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

10776: 6519:

The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original

5831:. ushistory.org – Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia. 3476: 3319: 3315: 3003:

Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence

1600:

Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence

1039: 337: 9745: 8710:

All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery

8597:, Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989 8509:

A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic

7124:"Was the Declaration of Independence 'defaced'? Experts say yes" 5958: 3625:

most important part of the Declaration was its assertion of the

3179:

of declaring independence was considered important, whereas the

3022:

murals, the original United States Declaration of Independence,

2756: 2186:, President of the Continental Congress. Two future presidents ( 7780:"Senate Select Committee Report on the Harper's Ferry Invasion" 6203:

Benjamin Franklin to Charles F.W. Dumas, December 19, 1775, in

2686:

in a multi-step legal formula now known as the doctrine of the

2098: 1035: 1027: 5716:"Journals of the Continental Congress --FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1776" 5565: 5563: 5411:, 1774. Translated by a friend and neighbor, Thomas Jefferson: 4269:"Did You Know ... Independence Day Should Actually Be July 2?" 3026:, and other American founding documents are publicly exhibited 2697:

has argued that the Declaration was strongly influenced by de

2194:) and a father and great-grandfather of two other presidents ( 1816: 1437:, calling on colonies without a "government sufficient to the 780:, who convened at the Pennsylvania State House, later renamed 9685:

Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

8978: 8889:. Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1969. 5600: 5598: 4060:

Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

4012: 1794:

on the date when the announcement of that act was finalized.

1465:

As was the custom, Congress appointed a committee to draft a

8576:. Originally published 1906. New York: Da Capo Press, 1970. 6907: 6905: 6903: 6157:

Law in the American Revolution and the Revolution in the Law

5951:"Was the Declaration of Independence Inspired by the Dutch?" 3974: 3837:

The meaning of the Declaration was a recurring topic in the

2764:

used for the signing of the Declaration and the Constitution

2558: 10257: 5769:"The Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of Independence" 5746:

American Constitutionalism Heard Round the World, 1776–1989

5560: 3307: 2752:'s signature authenticated the Declaration of Independence. 1286:

Despite this growing popular support for independence, the

8868:

Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence

8636:

American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence

8563:

Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence

6239:

Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence

6071:

ideology", which in turn drew on the political thought of

5610:

The Paragraph Missing From The Declaration of Independence

5595: 4848:

American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence

3643:

The controversial question of whether to allow additional

1501:

On the same day that Congress passed Adams' preamble, the

10925:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

10108:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

7983: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7975: 6900: 4119:

in the song "Declaration". It was first performed on the

3765: 3064:

in 1941, the documents were moved for safekeeping to the

7703: 7701: 7699: 7252:(First ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 750. 7098:"The Science of Saving the Declaration of Independence." 6298: 6296: 6294: 3763:

By the Representatives of the slave Popolation [

3600:. Referring to this contradiction, English abolitionist 3593:

slaveowner, owning six hundred enslaved Africans on his

2802:"There! I guess King George will be able to read that!" 2721:

Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence

2024:"For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: 1951:, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. 1923:, and to provide new Guards for their future security." 8668:

Mayer, David (2008). "Declaration of Independence". In

8482:

The Declaration of Independence And What It Means Today

7605: 6618: 6616: 4113:

recorded the opening of the Declaration on their album

3916: 3722:

16 months later, they operated for over a year under a

1620:

Declaration House, the reconstructed boarding house at

10536: 8939:

Declaration of Independence at the Library of Congress

8735:

The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789

8601:

Mahoney, D. J. (1986). "Declaration of independence".

7972: 7361: 7359: 7357: 5298: 5296: 5105:"Treasures from the Archives: The Act of Renunciation" 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 3901:

praised this development. Critics of Lincoln, notably

3689: 1215:

to coordinate a formal response. Congress organized a

8928:"Declare the Causes: The Declaration of Independence" 8039:

The Basic Symbols of the American Political Tradition

7990:

Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Rewrote America

7696: 7532:"Self-government and the Declaration of Independence" 6568:"The Declaration of Independence: A View from Russia" 6291: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4322:

The ultimate guide to the Declaration of Independence

3816:, a little-known former Congressman who idolized the 2044:"For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a 129:

To announce and explain separation from Great Britain

8943: 8934:

Declaration of Independence at the National Archives

8887:

Lewis Tappan and the Evangelical War Against Slavery

7236:

Sister Revolutions: French Lightning, American Light

6613: 5687:

My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams

5524:. University of Houston. May 4, 2015. Archived from 4655:, 241–42. The writings in question include Wilson's 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 2607:

Mason was, in turn, directly influenced by the 1689

1242:

convened at Pennsylvania State House, later renamed

8991:

Physical history of the Declaration of Independence

8843:, Third Series, vol. 2, no. 3 (July 1945): 238–72. 8213:"Tallest buildings under construction in the world" 8131:"Michael Hart, inventor of the ebook, dies aged 64" 7354: 5293: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4542: 3206:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

3131:John Adams copied from the lost original draft for 2832:, c. 1859, depicts citizens destroying a statue of 2034:"For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of 1282:

unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence

1261: 9804:An Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies 8161:"Crews finish installing World Trade Center spire" 6541:"The Declaration of Independence in World Context" 5425:All men must be equal to each other in natural law 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4727: 4565:The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4417:Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution 4237: 4235: 4233: 3913:by reading the Declaration into the Constitution. 2941:Answer to the Declaration of the American Congress 2830:Pulling Down the Statue of King George III, N.Y.C. 6207:, ed. Albert Henry Smyth (New York: 1970), 6:432. 4864: 4482:The Declaration of Independence: A Global History 4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4181: 3506:presenting their draft of the Declaration to the 2785:morning" was briefly interrupted when the rotund 2562:A 1697 portrait of English political philosopher 2075:"He is at this time transporting large Armies of 15224: 13958:Native American recognition in the United States 7628:James Birney Collection of Antislavery Pamphlets 6682:Hutchinson, Thomas (1776), Eicholz, Hans (ed.), 4375: 4319: 2003:"He has combined with others to subject us to a 1156: 18:Declaration of Independence of the United States 10157:A Summary View of the Rights of British America 7617:The Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries 7295: 4905: 4662:A Summary View of the Rights of British America 4567:(Enlarged ed.). Harvard University Press. 4324:(First ed.). El Dorado Hills, California. 4230: 4103:, as well as in the 2008 television miniseries 12373:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War 10523: 9943:A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress 8812:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 8456:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 7516:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 6927:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 6712:"The Loyalist Declaration of Dependence, 1776" 5799:"Declaration of Independence: A Transcription" 5252:The text of the May 15 Virginia resolution is 5130: 4433: 4255:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 3791: 3552: 3348:Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand 3208:(1789) emerged largely from the ideals of the 2859:. Through the night, Dunlap printed about 200 2553: 2101:, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people." 1998:independent of and superior to the Civil Power 1474:encourage the overthrow of the governments of 795:The Declaration explains to the world why the 14355:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 12539: 10509: 10243: 9731: 8964: 8487:Dupont, Christian Y. and Peter S. Onuf, eds. 8484:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1950. 8417:. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, Inc. 7784:West Virginia Division of Culture and History 7508: 7333:McDonald, "Jefferson's Reputation", 172, 179. 6565: 6159:. New York University Press. pp. 46–89. 5473: 5471: 4716: 4714: 4657:Considerations on the Authority of Parliament 4204:(Revised ed.). New York: Vintage Books. 3969:The Declaration of Rights and Sentiments 1848 3255:(1847), the declarations of secession by the 1913:Right of the People to alter or to abolish it 1532:Writing the Declaration of Independence, 1776 745: 8574:The Declaration of Independence: Its History 8431:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 7007:"Declaration of Independence document found" 6786:National Archives and Records Administration 6743:National Archives and Records Administration 6735:"The Declaration of Independence: A History" 6729: 6727: 6725: 6396:"Benjamin Rush to John Adams, July 20, 1811" 5773:National Archives and Records Administration 4665:(both 1774), as well as Samuel Adams's 1768 4295:"The Declaration of Independence: A History" 3435:that "all men and women are created equal". 3394:sought political advantage over their rival 2973:Later in late November 1776, a group of 547 2660:argued that Jefferson was influenced by the 921:made the Declaration the centerpiece of his 813:The Second Continental Congress charged the 11486:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 8944:Mobile-friendly Declaration of Independence 8748:, Eighth Edition, Boston, Wadsworth, 2010. 8526: 8439:, vol. 1. Princeton University Press, 1950. 7562:Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery 7351:McDonald, "Jefferson's Reputation", 180–184 6782:"Charters of Freedom Re-encasement Project" 5030:harvp error: no target: CITEREFConway1893 ( 4410: 4408: 4406: 4225:"The Declaration of Independence in Easton" 3091:Declaration of Independence, but historian 2996: 2816: 1817:Annotated text of the engrossed declaration 1352:Washington led the crossing of the Delaware 12553: 12546: 12532: 12363:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 10617:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 10516: 10502: 10250: 10236: 9738: 9724: 9561:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 8971: 8957: 8512:. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. 8473:Christie, Ian R. and Benjamin W. Labaree. 8347: 7876: 7874: 7807: 7805: 7147:McDonald, "Jefferson's Reputation", 178–79 6681: 5631:"A Closer Look at Jefferson's Declaration" 5468: 5435: 5433: 5401: 5399: 4711: 4352:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4152:signers of the Declaration of Independence 4146:After the 2009 death of radio broadcaster 4013:LGBTQ+ rights movement and the Declaration 2955:, an argument that he repeated during the 1919:, it is their right, it is their duty, to 1905:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 1469:to explain the purpose of the resolution. 1179:as they existed on July 4, 1776, when the 938:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 752: 738: 42: 15273:Government documents of the United States 15233:United States Declaration of Independence 13968:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 8980:United States Declaration of Independence 8839:Warren, Charles. "Fourth of July Myths". 8122: 7707: 7648:"Lemuel Haynes' Liberty Further Extended" 7365: 6722: 6054:"The American Republic: 1760–1870" (2004) 6043:(Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1937), 120. 5272: 5049:harvp error: no target: CITEREFKaye2005 ( 4506:United States Declaration of Independence 4414: 4050: 4017:In 1978, at the Gay Pride Celebration in 3975:Civil Rights Movement and the Declaration 3636:delivered a speech asking the question, " 1487:declaration would still have to be made. 15263:American political philosophy literature 8595:American Rhetoric: Context and Criticism 8569:, 3rd series, 36 (October 1979), 503–23. 7742: 7439: 7324:McDonald, "Jefferson's Reputation", 172. 7156: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6709: 6566:Bolkhovitinov, Nikolai N. (March 1999). 6461:"TeachAmericanHistory.org: John Hancock" 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5754: 4478: 4403: 4369:American Rhetoric: Context and Criticism 3920: 3795: 3638:What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? 3570:Draft of the Declaration of Independence 3475: 3452: 3352:Czechoslovak declaration of independence 3228:, and it had a particular impact on the 3006: 2981:, signed a Declaration of Dependence in 2876:; the first newspaper to publish it was 2843: 2820: 2755: 2739: 2724: 2557: 2029:imposing Taxes on us without our Consent 2005:jurisdiction foreign to our constitution 1996:"He has affected to render the Military 1643: 1631: 1615: 1603: 1526: 1389: 1265: 1170: 1049: 27:1776 American national founding document 15288:Philadelphia in the American Revolution 14019:List of counties and county equivalents 10441:British occupation of Philadelphia ends 10259:Pennsylvania in the American Revolution 8600: 8502: 8462: 8056:Modern Age, the First Twenty-five Years 8037:Willmoore Kendall and George W. Carey, 7871: 7802: 7736: 7716:(3). Oxford University Press: 598–616. 7342:McDonald, "Jefferson's Reputation", 179 7270: 7195: 7177:from the original on September 13, 2015 6792:from the original on September 19, 2011 6636:from the original on September 16, 2012 6390: 6388: 6386: 6315:Warren, "Fourth of July Myths", 242–43. 6260:Why Lincoln Matters: Now More Than Ever 5835:from the original on September 29, 2006 5439: 5430: 5396: 4320:Hirsch, David; Van Haften, Dan (2017). 3952:, and Jane Hunt. They patterned their " 3537:issued in 1863. A few years later, the 3376:South Carolina declaration of secession 3261:Vietnamese Proclamation of Independence 2682:, which legitimized resistance against 2014:large bodies of armed troops among us: 1628:, where Jefferson wrote the Declaration 1612:drafted the Declaration of Independence 1419:Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence 966:Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 14: 15225: 12368:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War 8818: 8759: 8712:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. 8407: 8329:from the original on November 29, 2017 8141:from the original on February 13, 2015 7880: 7811: 7670: 7529: 7273:Sourcebook on Public International Law 7247: 7122:Ruane, Michael E. (October 21, 2016). 6822:from the original on November 13, 2011 6710:McNamara, Sandra (December 20, 2018). 6655:Jessup, John J. (September 20, 1943). 6654: 6341:Warren, "Fourth of July Myths", 245–46 5138:"Journals of the Continental Congress" 5026: 5020: 4956: 4600: 4559: 4194: 4007:Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963 3572:vigorously condemning the evil of the 3449:Declaration of Independence (Trumbull) 3381: 3249:Venezuelan Declaration of Independence 2202:(age 26) was the youngest signer, and 2061:"He has abdicated Government here, by 157:Declaration of Independence (painting) 12527: 12280: 12205: 12133: 11704: 11040: 10874:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 10535: 10497: 10231: 9828:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 9719: 8952: 8861: 8856:The Declaration of Independence, 1776 8825:. New York: Oxford University Press. 8667: 8629: 8459:100, number 4 (October 1976), 438–67. 8128: 8084:from the original on October 20, 2014 7987: 7853: 7832: 7300:(1st ed.). Leiden and New York: 7121: 7035: 6876: 6858:from the original on November 8, 2012 6834: 6749:from the original on January 26, 2010 6497:The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist 6304:The Declaration of Independence, 1776 5948: 5921: 5751: 5726:from the original on January 22, 2020 5683: 5158:, 159. The text of Adams's letter is 4842: 4419:. New York: Oxford University Press. 4381: 4366: 4258:100, number 4 (October 1976), p. 456. 3769:] of the United States of America 3653:Founding Fathers of the United States 3559:Slavery in the colonial United States 3520:Independence National Historical Park 3364:Rhodesian declaration of independence 3344:Hungarian Declaration of Independence 3276:Argentine Declaration of Independence 3245:Manifesto of the Province of Flanders 2993:pledging their loyalty to the Crown. 1975:Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners 1593: 1118:of 1688, was that Parliament was the 12483:Daughters of the American Revolution 12281: 10833:Declaration of Rights and Grievances 10199:Journals of the Continental Congress 10150:Letters to the Inhabitants of Canada 10113: 9791:Declaration of Rights and Grievances 9601:Journals of the Continental Congress 8854:United States Department of State, " 8542:"Travels of the Charters of Freedom" 8421: 8110:. Unitarian Universalist Association 7909: 6920: 6845: 6547:from the original on October 6, 2014 6383: 6153:"The Irrelevance of the Declaration" 6150: 5955:University of Wisconsin Madison News 5690:. Harvard University Press. p. 5479:Resolution 175 of the 103rd Congress 5263:at Yale Law School's Avalon Project. 5181:Journals of the Continental Congress 5044: 4964:. New York: Oxford University Press. 4164:Journals of the Continental Congress 3917:Women's suffrage and the Declaration 3253:Liberian Declaration of Independence 2611:, which formally ended the reign of 1141:Anticipating the arrangement of the 12478:Children of the American Revolution 12358:Timeline of the American Revolution 9648:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom 8815:116, no. 4 (October 1992): 499–512. 8299:from the original on March 31, 2019 8129:Flood, Alison (September 8, 2011). 7912:Journal for the Study of Radicalism 7833:Onion, Rebecca (December 2, 2013). 7654:. February 24, 2020. Archived from 7591:from the original on March 16, 2016 7196:Billias, George Athan, ed. (2009). 7160:The Coming of the French Revolution 7078:from the original on April 22, 2017 7048:from the original on April 22, 2017 6511: 5853: 4601:Murrow, Pamela (February 4, 2013). 4389:. New York: Knopf. pp. 55–56. 3745:, who often served as his father's 3690:John Brown's Declaration of Liberty 3280:Chilean Declaration of Independence 3195: 3192:of American political principles." 3016:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom 2868:in the yard of Independence Hall), 1608:The portable writing desk on which 1490: 1145:, by 1774 American writers such as 24: 11139:European allies of King George III 10995:British credit crisis of 1772–1773 10930:Committee of Secret Correspondence 10592:No taxation without representation 10446:Wyoming Valley battle and massacre 10329:Pennsylvania Provincial Conference 8769:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 8675:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 8536:. New York: The Macmillan Company. 8469:. New York: The Macmillan Company. 8193:from the original on July 21, 2013 8167:from the original on July 19, 2013 7992:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 7865:Historical Society of Pennsylvania 7756:: Morning Star job printing house. 6716:Journal of the American Revolution 6302:The U.S. State Department (1911), 5779:from the original on June 30, 2012 5620:, The Shipler Report, July 4, 2020 5420:Translated by Jefferson as follow: 5273:Jefferson, Thomas (July 4, 1776). 5115:from the original on July 29, 2019 4607:Journal of the American Revolution 4479:Armitage, David (June 30, 2009) . 4275:from the original on June 26, 2012 4088: 4045:Unitarian Universalist Association 3702:to be the beginning of the end of 3589:Jefferson himself was a prominent 3224:. The declaration also influenced 3121:Washington University in St. Louis 3095:argued that the Declaration, like 2836:after the Declaration was read in 1659:to draft a declaration, including 1448: 274:No taxation without representation 152: 25: 15309: 15283:National human rights instruments 13364:Director of National Intelligence 12505:Museum of the American Revolution 8921: 7960:from the original on May 10, 2013 7542:(4). Ithaca: Cornell University. 7216:from the original on May 27, 2016 7017:from the original on July 4, 2018 6888:from the original on July 2, 2018 6848:"The Declaration of Independence" 6216:Gulf, C. & SFR Co. v. Ellis, 6205:The Writings of Benjamin Franklin 5809:from the original on July 6, 2019 5766: 4628:"The Weare NH Historical Society" 3336:Texas Declaration of Independence 2789:of Virginia said to a diminutive 2777:present added their names later. 1895:, that they are endowed by their 1563:Provincial Congress of New Jersey 13520:Government Accountability Office 12393:Continental Currency dollar coin 12378:Women in the American Revolution 10291: 10212: 10211: 8800:of the Printed Dunlap Broadside" 8787:4, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 179–204. 8727:19, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 169–95. 8364: 8348:Gameguides, IGN (May 19, 2014). 8341: 8311: 8279: 8267:from the original on May 8, 2018 8253: 8241:from the original on May 9, 2018 8227: 8205: 8179: 8153: 8096: 8070: 8061: 8044: 8031: 8019: 8006: 7946: 7903: 7847: 7826: 7772: 7683: 7640: 7566: 7554: 7523: 7502: 7489: 7476: 7433: 7420: 7407: 7394: 7345: 7336: 7327: 7318: 7289: 7264: 7241: 7228: 7189: 7150: 7141: 7115: 7096:Pappalardo, Joe (July 3, 2020). 7090: 7060: 7029: 6999: 6986: 6976: 6951: 6938: 6914: 6870: 6804: 6774: 6761: 6703: 6690: 6675: 6648: 6559: 6533: 6524: 6485: 6453: 5949:Wolff, Barbara (June 29, 1988). 5904:"Virginia Declaration of Rights" 5140:. March 29, 2019. Archived from 5109:Rhode Island Department of State 4021:, activist and later politician 3066:United States Bullion Depository 2153:that had been passed on July 2. 1315:, Paine wrote the famed phrase: 1262:Growing support for independence 854:Battles of Lexington and Concord 720: 15243:1776 in international relations 12488:Sons of the American Revolution 10467:Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line 10385:Liberty Bell moved to Allentown 10349:Washington Crosses the Delaware 10142:The Rights of Colonies Examined 8400: 7572: 6572:The Journal of American History 6423: 6410: 6370: 6357: 6344: 6335: 6318: 6309: 6265: 6252: 6230: 6210: 6197: 6173: 6144: 6107: 6094: 6046: 6033: 5986: 5973: 5942: 5915: 5896: 5883: 5869: 5847: 5821: 5791: 5738: 5708: 5676: 5663: 5650: 5623: 5544: 5510: 5497: 5484: 5383: 5370: 5357: 5344: 5335: 5322: 5309: 5266: 5246: 5233: 5220: 5207: 5194: 5172: 5148: 5097: 5084: 5071: 5058: 5038: 5015:Beginnings of National Politics 5007: 4994: 4989:Beginnings of National Politics 4981: 4968: 4892: 4698: 4685: 4672: 4645: 4620: 4594: 4581: 4529: 4516: 3989:Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. 3272:United Provinces of New Granada 3114:In 1777, Congress commissioned 3062:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 2939:to publish a response entitled 2085:bear Arms against their Country 1346:ordered that it be read by his 1191:In 1774, Parliament passed the 15163:Separation of church and state 13379:National Reconnaissance Office 13322:President of the United States 12388:Continental currency banknotes 11476:Staten Island Peace Conference 10048:Virginia Declaration of Rights 9533:Virginia Declaration of Rights 8871:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 8841:The William and Mary Quarterly 8437:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson 7818:(Revised ed.). New York: 7530:Tsesis, Alexander (May 2012). 7442:The William and Mary Quarterly 7368:The William and Mary Quarterly 7296:Gowlland-Debbas, Vera (1990). 7036:Yuhas, Alan (April 22, 2017). 6285:Southern California Law Review 5518:"Explorations: The Revolution" 4632:www.wearehistoricalsociety.org 4360: 4313: 4287: 4261: 4218: 3674:in 1853, for example, Senator 3222:Virginia Declaration of Rights 3189:Virginia Declaration of Rights 2596:Virginia Declaration of Rights 2198:) were among the signatories. 2055:the Forms of our Governments: 1338:was circulated throughout the 913:, the bloodiest battle of the 13: 1: 12206: 11182:German supporters of Congress 10880:Massachusetts Circular Letter 10462:Congress of the Confederation 9835:Massachusetts Circular Letter 9343:Charles Carroll of Carrollton 8725:Journal of the Early Republic 8664:. Boston: Little Brown, 1948. 8463:Burnett, Edmund Cody (1941). 8067:Norton, et al (2010), p. 301. 7881:DeCaro, Louis A. Jr. (2020). 7583:and Knapp, at the office of " 7163:. Princeton UP. p. 212. 7112:. Retrieved February 3, 2020. 7072:Declaration Resources Project 6135:The Virginia Quarterly Review 5551:"Visit the Declaration House" 5449:. Perennial. pp. 15–16. 4174: 3720:Confederate States of America 3710:had many copies printed of a 3547:United States two-dollar bill 3500:United States Capitol Rotunda 3481:United States two-dollar bill 3257:Confederate States of America 2879:The Pennsylvania Evening Post 2639:second treatise on government 2609:English Declaration of Rights 2428:Charles Carroll of Carrollton 2065:us out of his Protection and 1522: 1375:and is still in print today. 1157:Continental Congress convenes 1045: 573:Congress of the Confederation 15278:Market Street (Philadelphia) 13525:Government Publishing Office 12993:Technological and industrial 10863:Committees of correspondence 8584:. 1906 edition available on 8235:"1776: The Musical About Us" 6846:Dube, Ann Marie (May 1996). 6155:. In Hartog, Hendrik (ed.). 5281:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 4485:. Harvard University Press. 4029:Excerpt from Milk's speech: 3998:Excerpt from King's speech: 3704:slavery in the United States 3565:slavery in the United States 3498:in 1817; it has hung in the 3431:of women's rights advocates 3312:Bolivian War of Independence 3241:declarations of independence 3232:and other Russian thinkers. 2893:sent a broadside to General 2780:In an 1811 letter to Adams, 2684:Holy Roman Emperor Charles V 1887:"We hold these truths to be 1788:New York Provincial Congress 1587:New York Provincial Congress 927:Gettysburg National Cemetery 363:Committees of Correspondence 165:presents their draft of the 7: 14997:Women's reproductive health 13963:Federally recognized tribes 13826:Public utilities commission 13730:Public Health Service Corps 13633:Code of Federal Regulations 13515:Congressional Budget Office 13369:Central Intelligence Agency 13275:Water supply and sanitation 12702:Declaration of Independence 12500:Charters of Freedom Rotunda 11705: 11531:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 11516:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781 11290:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 10945:Declaration of Independence 10910:Second Continental Congress 10339:Declaration of Independence 10313:Second Continental Congress 9759:Declaration of Independence 9538:Second Continental Congress 8639:. New York: Vintage Books. 8014:Crisis of the House Divided 7812:Hinton, Richard J. (1894). 7519:. Vol. 31. p. 38. 7302:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 6911:Boyd, "Lost Original", 446. 6698:American Slavery, 1619–1877 6244:September 26, 2015, at the 6151:Reid, John Phillip (1981). 5829:"Index of Signers by State" 5576:, Oxford University Press. 4157: 3792:Lincoln and the Declaration 3553:Slavery and the Declaration 3508:Second Continental Congress 3492:Declaration of Independence 3470:Second Continental Congress 3468:presenting its work to the 3441:Declaration of Independence 3372:the consent of the governed 2746:Second Continental Congress 2577:. As he explained in 1825: 2554:Influences and legal status 2017:"For protecting them, by a 1837:of the British people, and 1288:Second Continental Congress 1280:Second Continental Congress 1240:Second Continental Congress 1181:Second Continental Congress 1167:Second Continental Congress 778:Second Continental Congress 766:Declaration of Independence 601:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 514:Declaration of Independence 494:Second Continental Congress 171:Second Continental Congress 167:Declaration of Independence 120:Second Continental Congress 37:Declaration of Independence 10: 15314: 14175:Red states and blue states 14080:City commission government 14075:Council–manager government 12383:Financial costs of the war 10890:First Continental Congress 10741:Royal Proclamation of 1763 10686:Second Rockingham ministry 10525:American Revolutionary War 10278:First Continental Congress 9691:Signers Monument (Georgia) 8996:Memorial to the 56 Signers 8819:Tsesis, Alexander (2012). 8567:William and Mary Quarterly 8449:February 12, 2015, at the 8292:Fort Wayne Journal Gazette 8261:"John Adams: Independence" 8052:A Better Guide than Reason 7710:American Historical Review 7157:Lefebvre, Georges (2005). 6278:September 5, 2015, at the 6190:December 21, 2018, at the 4248:February 12, 2015, at the 4227:, The Historical Database] 3556: 3524:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 3446: 3185:United States Constitution 3149:West Sussex County Council 3055:United States Constitution 3024:United States Constitution 3000: 2826:Johannes Adam Simon Oertel 2718: 2714: 2175: 2141: 2124: 2106: 1928: 1875: 1859:In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776. 1846: 1597: 1551:working on the Declaration 1494: 1232:American Revolutionary War 1209:First Continental Congress 1163:First Continental Congress 1160: 947:United States Constitution 850:American Revolutionary War 368:First Continental Congress 87:National Archives Building 15298:Works by Thomas Jefferson 15248:1776 in the United States 15184: 15010: 14883: 14815: 14468: 14464: 14455: 14403: 14268: 14259: 14155: 14126: 14103: 14042: 14009: 14000: 13943: 13931:Comparison of governments 13906: 13869: 13846: 13762: 13742: 13673: 13611: 13533: 13456: 13314: 13305: 13301: 13292: 13014: 13005: 12950: 12910:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 12751:drafting and ratification 12724:Articles of Confederation 12637: 12571: 12562: 12350: 12319: 12295: 12291: 12276: 12237:Constitutional Convention 12217:Society of the Cincinnati 12212: 12201: 12126: 12021: 11865: 11858: 11803: 11722: 11715: 11711: 11700: 11657: 11579: 11565: 11539: 11506:Carlisle Peace Commission 11468: 11340:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga 11269: 11194: 11147: 11114: 11077: 11070: 11066: 11036: 11005:Hutchinson letters affair 10972: 10955:Articles of Confederation 10815: 10802:Proclamation of Rebellion 10714: 10666:First Rockingham ministry 10643: 10610:All men are created equal 10549: 10545: 10531: 10475: 10454: 10423: 10365:Articles of Confederation 10357: 10344:Pennsylvania Constitution 10321: 10300: 10289: 10265: 10207: 10191: 10133: 10090: 10057: 10014: 9961: 9926: 9907: 9882: 9870: 9814: 9766: 9755: 9633: 9554:All men are created equal 9520: 9484: 9454: 9423: 9397: 9351: 9320: 9294: 9238: 9202: 9171: 9140: 9119: 9088: 9062: 9043: 9034: 9018: 9014: 8986: 8692:10.4135/9781412965811.n72 8547:October 19, 2017, at the 8477:. New York: Norton, 1976. 8187:"Tallest buildings in NY" 7956:. Bartleby. p. 415. 7887:New York University Press 7765:October 15, 2011, at the 7202:. NYU Press. p. 92. 7103:November 9, 2020, at the 6854:. National Park Service. 4881:January 19, 2020, at the 4415:McPherson, James (1991). 4062:was dedicated in 1984 in 3954:Declaration of Sentiments 3518:, the centerpiece of the 3368:all men are created equal 3165: 1921:throw off such Government 1893:all men are created equal 1757:Articles of Confederation 1624:and South 7th Streets in 1482:, which were still under 1460:—John Adams, May 15, 1776 1256:Proclamation of Rebellion 1207:. In September 1774, the 934:all men are created equal 707:Prospect Hill Flag Debate 561:Articles of Confederation 489:Role of African Americans 125: 111: 97: 81: 61: 53: 41: 34: 14950:Prescription drug prices 14070:Mayor–council government 14060:Coterminous municipality 14050:Consolidated city-county 13816:Agriculture commissioner 13466:House of Representatives 13374:National Security Agency 13024:Contiguous United States 11501:Entry of France into war 11116:Kingdom of Great Britain 10431:Battle of Crooked Billet 10069:Declaration and Resolves 8907:"That's What America Is" 8466:The Continental Congress 7415:Spirit of the Revolution 7068:"The Sussex Declaration" 6769:Story of the Declaration 6657:"America and the Future" 5994:"The Three Greatest Men" 3928:and her two sons in 1848 3761:A Declaration of Liberty 3724:Provisional Constitution 3712:Provisional Constitution 3392:Jeffersonian Republicans 3362:among the drafters. The 2997:History of the documents 2817:Publication and reaction 2588:Constitution of Virginia 2092:merciless Indian Savages 1510:of Virginia presented a 1217:boycott of British goods 1042:following its adoption. 848:, over a year after the 846:Kingdom of Great Britain 727:United States portal 15293:United States documents 15035:Criticism of government 14380:Social welfare programs 13973:State-recognized tribes 12958:Outline of U.S. history 12670:Continental Association 12232:Ratification Day (1784) 11557:Second Anglo-Mysore War 11241:Northern after Saratoga 11221:New York and New Jersey 10895:Continental Association 10792:Conciliatory Resolution 10651:Pitt–Newcastle ministry 10624:Consent of the governed 10410:Battle of Matson's Ford 10283:Articles of Association 10075:Continental Association 9568:Consent of the governed 8658:Jefferson the Virginian 8555:34, no 4 (Winter 2002). 8350:"Stealing Independence" 7633:August 6, 2014, at the 7622:April 23, 2014, at the 7248:Palley, Claire (1966). 6435:April 24, 2009, at the 6398:. National Park Service 6129:March 25, 2012, at the 6118:66 (Oct. 1978), 66–71. 5891:Jefferson the Virginian 5636:New York Public Library 5187:March 29, 2019, at the 5165:March 29, 2019, at the 3934:Seneca Falls Convention 3894:view of the Declaration 3429:Seneca Falls Convention 3388:first political parties 3235:According to historian 3142:Congress's secrecy rule 3032:reprinted in newspapers 2911:Staten Island, New York 2643:Jean Jacques Burlamaqui 2617:Declaration of Arbroath 1909:consent of the governed 1903:, that among these are 1536:Jean Leon Gerome Ferris 949:should be interpreted. 697:American civil religion 636:Philadelphia Convention 373:Continental Association 138:Part of a series on the 69:; 248 years ago 15258:American Enlightenment 15097:Environmental movement 14940:Health insurance costs 14835:Educational attainment 14360:Federal Reserve System 14318:Science and technology 13821:Insurance commissioner 13359:Intelligence Community 13054:minor outlying islands 12817:Civil rights movement 12493:Sons of the Revolution 12222:Treaty of Paris (1783) 11552:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 11547:Cherokee–American wars 11160:Franco-American Treaty 11015:Philadelphia Tea Party 10985:Treaty of Paris (1763) 10964:Confederation Congress 10557:American Enlightenment 10181:Thoughts on Government 9993:Liberty Point Resolves 9936:Orangetown Resolutions 9841:Journal of Occurrences 9785:Braintree Instructions 8885:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. 8785:Law and History Review 8662:Jefferson and His Time 8189:. Skyscraperpage.com. 7611:March 4, 2014, at the 7587:" (1831). p. 10. 7509:John Hazelton (1907). 7482:Philip S. Foner, ed., 7074:. Harvard University. 6446:April 9, 2009, at the 6430:Merriam-Webster online 6183:, 2001, 144 pages and 5446:A Nation of Immigrants 5427: 5419: 5259:June 20, 2008, at the 5002:Empire or Independence 5000:Christie and Labaree, 4537:Empire or Independence 4535:Christie and Labaree, 4079:One World Trade Center 4051:20th century and later 4041: 4010: 3991:delivered his famous " 3987:for Jobs and Freedom, 3972: 3942:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 3929: 3926:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 3867:—Abraham Lincoln, 1858 3864: 3853: 3835: 3809: 3800:Then U.S. Congressman 3781: 3696:raid on Harper's Ferry 3622:William Lloyd Garrison 3587: 3496:United States Congress 3484: 3473: 3116:Mary Katherine Goddard 3027: 2889:President of Congress 2852: 2841: 2765: 2753: 2737: 2662:Scottish Enlightenment 2605: 2584: 2566: 2536:Mary Katherine Goddard 2053:altering fundamentally 1801: 1745:committee of the whole 1652: 1641: 1629: 1613: 1553: 1457: 1325: 1283: 1188: 1108:no right to levy taxes 1081: 1065: 903:27 colonial grievances 648:Anti-Federalist Papers 587:Dissent and rebellions 499:27 colonial grievances 467:Political developments 353:Philadelphia Tea Party 284:Conflict over taxation 258:American Enlightenment 158: 14923:Immigrant health care 14438:Transportation safety 14433:Transportation policy 14423:Public transportation 13493:President pro tempore 13349:Executive departments 13118:National Park Service 12773:Territorial evolution 12438:Washington's Birthday 12243:The Federalist Papers 12227:Evacuation Day (1783) 11280:Lexington and Concord 10980:French and Indian War 10920:Olive Branch Petition 10436:Battle of Barren Hill 10405:Battle of White Marsh 10400:Siege of Fort Mifflin 10370:Philadelphia campaign 10102:Olive Branch Petition 10030:Fincastle Resolutions 9898:Bush River Resolution 9861:Sheffield Declaration 9797:Leedstown Resolutions 9384:Francis Lightfoot Lee 9045:President of Congress 8805:July 7, 2008, at the 8746:A People and a Nation 8678:. Thousand Oaks, CA: 8435:Boyd, Julian P., ed. 8163:. CNN. May 10, 2013. 7988:Wills, Garry (1992). 7413:John C. Fitzpatrick, 7271:Hillier, Tim (1998). 6700:(1993), pp. 77–79, 81 6223:May 23, 2020, at the 6091:, pp. 3–6, 51–52, 136 6059:May 17, 2008, at the 6016:Jefferson identified 5909:July 4, 2021, at the 5615:July 8, 2020, at the 5555:National Park Service 5421: 5413: 5279:World Digital Library 4870:The text of the 1775 4301:on September 17, 2008 4031: 4000: 3962: 3924: 3859: 3848: 3830: 3799: 3754: 3728:Appalachian Mountains 3694:In preparing for his 3578: 3557:Further information: 3479: 3456: 3354:from 1918 drafted in 3109:The National Archives 3010: 2907:Rose and Crown Tavern 2847: 2824: 2759: 2743: 2728: 2619:(1320) and the Dutch 2600: 2579: 2561: 2459:Francis Lightfoot Lee 2046:neighbouring Province 1796: 1767:, who voted yes, and 1647: 1635: 1619: 1607: 1534:, a 1900 portrait by 1530: 1512:three-part resolution 1453: 1431:Pennsylvania Assembly 1407:William Henry Drayton 1390:Revising instructions 1366:military garrison at 1317: 1270:The Assembly Room in 1269: 1236:Lexington and Concord 1174: 1161:Further information: 1067: 1053: 1015:United Belgian States 642:The Federalist Papers 504:Olive Branch Petition 235:French and Indian War 156: 15268:Continental Congress 15238:1776 in American law 15092:Environmental issues 14757:Political ideologies 14656:Indigenous languages 13856:List of legislatures 13653:separation of powers 13354:Independent agencies 13280:World Heritage Sites 12915:September 11 attacks 12838:Spanish–American War 12778:Mexican–American War 12734:Confederation period 12665:Continental Congress 12443:Jefferson's Birthday 12433:Pulaski Memorial Day 11440:Guilford Court House 11091:Continental Congress 10868:Committees of safety 10843:Daughters of Liberty 10838:Virginia Association 10587:Rights of Englishmen 10395:Battle of Germantown 10380:Battle of the Clouds 10375:Battle of Brandywine 10152:" (1774, 1775, 1776) 10134:Essays and pamphlets 10081:Petition to the King 9983:Mecklenburg Resolves 9892:Chestertown Resolves 9847:Virginia Association 9498:Robert R. Livingston 8912:May 3, 2021, at the 8528:Friedenwald, Herbert 8384:on September 3, 2020 8373:The Price of Freedom 8215:. Skyscraperpage.com 7754:Dover, New Hampshire 7652:The Founding Project 6330:Continental Congress 6328:, 299–302; Burnett, 6039:Ray Forrest Harvey, 5961:on December 13, 2007 5930:. pp. 189–207. 5805:. November 1, 2015. 5684:Adams, John (2007). 5671:Continental Congress 5658:Continental Congress 5408:The Virginia Gazette 5156:Continental Congress 4603:"The Pine Tree Riot" 4064:Constitution Gardens 3841:between Lincoln and 3649:Missouri controversy 3543:1869 Pictorial Issue 3462:famous 1818 portrait 3200:Many leaders of the 3111:in England in 2009. 2874:Easton, Pennsylvania 2679:Magdeburg Confession 2651:classical liberalism 2649:rather than Locke's 2571:political philosophy 1947:"He has refused his 1833:of King George III, 1810:George Athan Billias 1673:Robert R. Livingston 1578:Annapolis Convention 1143:British Commonwealth 1112:British Constitution 1024:Austrian Netherlands 911:Battle of Gettysburg 871:; Philadelphia; and 869:Easton, Pennsylvania 831:Robert R. Livingston 692:American nationalism 687:Atlantic Revolutions 631:Annapolis Convention 551:Confederation period 333:Virginia Association 14935:Health care finance 14428:Rail transportation 14194:Imperial presidency 13916:State constitutions 13861:List of legislators 13811:Auditor/Comptroller 13784:Lieutenant governor 13510:Library of Congress 13401:Diplomatic Security 13044:Indian reservations 12707:American Revolution 11571:colony or location) 11526:Newburgh Conspiracy 11385:Sullivan Expedition 10905:Provincial Congress 10696:Fox–North coalition 10635:Settler colonialism 10582:Freedom of religion 10539:American Revolution 10042:Augusta Declaration 9748:American Revolution 9625:American Revolution 8740:Norton, Mary Beth, 8731:Middlekauff, Robert 8686:. pp. 113–15. 8540:Gustafson, Milton. 8319:"National Treasure" 8263:. Home Box Office. 7820:Funk & Wagnalls 7744:Douglass, Frederick 7658:on October 27, 2020 7128:The Washington Post 6963:www.thomaspaine.org 6946:Papers of Jefferson 6816:The Daily Telegraph 6739:Charters of Freedom 6493:"The Gurney Papers" 6418:Declaration History 6378:Declaration History 6352:Declaration History 6326:Declaration History 5999:Library of Congress 5341:Dupont and Onuf, 3. 5317:Papers of Jefferson 5066:Declaration History 4885:, published by the 4850:. New York: Knopf. 4706:Declaration History 4524:Declaration History 3985:March on Washington 3950:Mary Ann McClintock 3822:American Revolution 3806:American Revolution 3786:American Revolution 3672:Kansas–Nebraska Act 3627:right of revolution 3614:Bertram Wyatt-Brown 3382:Revival of interest 3340:California Republic 3259:(1860–61), and the 3210:American Revolution 3082:Charters of Freedom 3051:Library of Congress 3018:where, between two 2913:in the presence of 2870:Trenton, New Jersey 2633:In 1922, historian 2575:American Revolution 2196:Benjamin Harrison V 2077:foreign Mercenaries 1503:Virginia Convention 1413:the Third, King of 1238:in April 1775. The 1221:petitioned the king 1116:Glorious Revolution 1078:, November 29, 1775 880:Library of Congress 873:Trenton, New Jersey 852:commenced with the 596:Newburgh Conspiracy 578:Northwest Ordinance 145:American Revolution 92:Library of Congress 15045:affirmative action 15018:Capital punishment 14977:Poverty and health 14972:Physician shortage 14945:Health care prices 14875:Standard of living 14558:standard of living 14365:Financial position 13992:Hawaiian home land 13980:Indian reservation 13953:Tribal sovereignty 13796:Secretary of state 13665:United States Code 13581:Territorial courts 13553:Associate Justices 13438:Inspector generals 12925:War in Afghanistan 12788:Reconstruction era 12655:Stamp Act Congress 12473:Semiquincentennial 12398:Libertas Americana 10828:Stamp Act Congress 10718:Acts of Parliament 10691:Shelburne ministry 10661:Grenville ministry 10092:Second Continental 9951:The Farmer Refuted 9687:(Washington, D.C.) 9678:Semiquincentennial 9581:Document's history 9436:Thomas Heyward Jr. 9106:Robert Treat Paine 8615:10.1007/BF02695936 8586:Google Book Search 8572:Hazelton, John H. 8480:Dumbauld, Edward. 8409:Becker, Carl Lotus 7924:10.1353/jsr.0.0017 7758:Also available at 7536:Cornell Law Review 7238:(1999) pp. 143–145 6609:– via JSTOR. 6499:(Part 1): 17. 1837 6089:The Glorious Cause 6085:Robert Middlekauff 5767:Lucas, Stephen E. 5144:on March 29, 2019. 3932:In July 1848, the 3930: 3887:Gettysburg Address 3810: 3700:Frederick Douglass 3634:Frederick Douglass 3535:National Bank Note 3533:side of the $ 100 3485: 3474: 3466:drafting committee 3342:in November 1836, 3332:Dominican Republic 3268:Haitian Revolution 3226:the Russian Empire 3028: 3013:National Archives' 2853: 2842: 2766: 2754: 2738: 2703:The Law of Nations 2613:King James II 2567: 2497:Thomas Heyward Jr. 2251:Robert Treat Paine 1937:bill of grievances 1901:unalienable Rights 1663:of Massachusetts, 1653: 1642: 1630: 1614: 1594:Draft and adoption 1554: 1284: 1189: 1124:fundamental rights 1066: 1020:Brabant Revolution 1018:issued during the 923:Gettysburg Address 915:American Civil War 841:in Philadelphia. 768:, formally titled 543:Forming a republic 419:British Royal Navy 318:Stamp Act Congress 159: 15220: 15219: 15180: 15179: 15176: 15175: 15146:National security 14855:Income inequality 14735:Statue of Liberty 14538:income inequality 14451: 14450: 14443:Trucking industry 14255: 14254: 14251: 14250: 14182:Foreign relations 14170:Electoral College 14151: 14150: 13939: 13938: 13891:District attorney 13738: 13737: 13565:Courts of appeals 13288: 13287: 13001: 13000: 12942:COVID-19 pandemic 12895:Feminist Movement 12741:American frontier 12660:Thirteen Colonies 12521: 12520: 12517: 12516: 12513: 12512: 12272: 12271: 12259:Shays's Rebellion 12197: 12196: 12193: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12122: 12121: 12089:Richard Henry Lee 11854: 11853: 11696: 11695: 11692: 11691: 11688: 11687: 11540:Related conflicts 11410:Connecticut Farms 11190: 11189: 11083:Thirteen Colonies 11032: 11031: 11028: 11027: 10491: 10490: 10308:Independence Hall 10225: 10224: 10129: 10128: 10059:First Continental 9977:Edenton Tea Party 9779:Virginia Resolves 9713: 9712: 9709: 9708: 9701:Trumbull portrait 9643:National Archives 9613:Independence Hall 9548:Committee of Five 9480: 9479: 9379:Thomas Nelson Jr. 9374:Benjamin Harrison 9364:Richard Henry Lee 9256:Benjamin Franklin 9220:Francis Hopkinson 9184:Philip Livingston 9153:Samuel Huntington 8832:978-0-195-37969-3 8790:Ritz, Wilfred J. 8701:978-1-4129-6580-4 8646:978-0-307-79195-5 8553:Prologue Magazine 8497:978-0-9799997-1-0 7896:978-1-4798-0275-3 7760:Project Gutenberg 7497:Inventing America 7428:Inventing America 7402:Inventing America 7209:978-0-8147-9139-4 7109:Popular Mechanics 6877:Henderson, Jane. 6543:. July 10, 2006. 6365:Inventing America 6179:Whitford, David, 6166:978-0-8147-3413-1 6102:Inventing America 5803:National Archives 5701:978-0-674-02606-3 5605:Shipler, David K. 5582:978-0-19-513409-4 5228:National Politics 5202:National Politics 4492:978-0-674-02282-9 4396:978-0-307-26369-8 4331:978-1-61121-374-4 4131:National Treasure 4111:The 5th Dimension 4101:1972 film version 4038:Harvey Milk, 1978 3903:Willmoore Kendall 3632:On July 5, 1852, 3516:Independence Hall 3504:Committee of Five 3350:in 1835, and the 3230:Decembrist revolt 3202:French Revolution 3133:Committee of Five 3078:National Archives 3053:, along with the 2957:French Revolution 2945:Thomas Hutchinson 2920:chargé d'affaires 2895:George Washington 2787:Benjamin Harrison 2744:On July 4, 1776, 2731:National Archives 2708:international law 2688:lesser magistrate 2666:Francis Hutcheson 2621:Act of Abjuration 2532: 2531: 2455:Thomas Nelson Jr. 2451:Benjamin Harrison 2443:Richard Henry Lee 2362:Benjamin Franklin 2335:Francis Hopkinson 2308:Philip Livingston 2285:Samuel Huntington 2204:Benjamin Franklin 1749:Benjamin Harrison 1696:Independence Hall 1679:of Connecticut. 1675:of New York, and 1667:of Pennsylvania, 1665:Benjamin Franklin 1657:Committee of Five 1508:Richard Henry Lee 1435:Richard Henry Lee 1360:Battle of Trenton 1356:Revolutionary War 1340:Thirteen Colonies 1297:In January 1776, 1272:Independence Hall 1244:Independence Hall 1177:Thirteen Colonies 1120:supreme authority 1093:Stamp Act of 1765 1085:Thirteen Colonies 962:Massachusetts Bay 954:Thirteen Colonies 888:National Archives 823:Benjamin Franklin 815:Committee of Five 797:Thirteen Colonies 782:Independence Hall 762: 761: 666: 665: 391:Revolutionary War 381: 380: 225:Thirteen Colonies 163:Committee of Five 133: 132: 106:Committee of Five 67:July 4, 1776 16:(Redirected from 15305: 15200: 15193: 15080:African American 14962:Health insurance 14850:Household income 14720:National symbols 14651:American English 14624:Federal holidays 14533:household income 14466: 14465: 14462: 14461: 14266: 14265: 14204:Anti-Americanism 14128:Special district 14055:Independent city 14024:County executive 14007: 14006: 13801:Attorney general 13760: 13759: 13749:Federal District 13332:Executive Office 13312: 13311: 13303: 13302: 13299: 13298: 13059:populated places 13039:federal enclaves 13034:federal district 13012: 13011: 12875:American Century 12858:Great Depression 12853:Roaring Twenties 12813:Women's suffrage 12692:Halifax Resolves 12685:Founding Fathers 12680:military history 12645:Pre-colonial era 12569: 12568: 12548: 12541: 12534: 12525: 12524: 12463:Sesquicentennial 12423:Independence Day 12327:Founding Fathers 12293: 12292: 12278: 12277: 12203: 12202: 12131: 12130: 11863: 11862: 11720: 11719: 11713: 11712: 11702: 11701: 11577: 11576: 11572: 11400:Cape St. Vincent 11075: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11038: 11037: 11010:Boston Tea Party 10935:Halifax Resolves 10885:Suffolk Resolves 10676:Grafton ministry 10671:Chatham ministry 10567:Colonial history 10547: 10546: 10533: 10532: 10518: 10511: 10504: 10495: 10494: 10295: 10273:Carpenters' Hall 10252: 10245: 10238: 10229: 10228: 10215: 10214: 10036:Augusta Resolves 10024:Fairfax Resolves 10005:Halifax Resolves 9919:(September 1774) 9917:Suffolk Resolves 9880: 9879: 9787:(September 1765) 9740: 9733: 9726: 9717: 9716: 9668:Sesquicentennial 9655:Independence Day 9528:Halifax Resolves 9514:Matthew Tilghman 9487:for Independence 9485:Delegates voting 9446:Arthur Middleton 9441:Thomas Lynch Jr. 9369:Thomas Jefferson 9215:John Witherspoon 9210:Richard Stockton 9158:William Williams 9080:Matthew Thornton 9041: 9040: 9026:Thomas Jefferson 9016: 9015: 9001:Founding Fathers 8973: 8966: 8959: 8950: 8949: 8882: 8836: 8780: 8705: 8650: 8626: 8537: 8523: 8504:Ferling, John E. 8470: 8442:Boyd, Julian P. 8432: 8418: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8345: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8315: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8295:. 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Jaffa, 8010: 8004: 8003: 7985: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7907: 7901: 7900: 7878: 7869: 7868: 7857:(July 4, 1859). 7851: 7845: 7844: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7809: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7790:on July 10, 2016 7776: 7770: 7757: 7740: 7734: 7733: 7705: 7694: 7687: 7681: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7644: 7638: 7606:Internet Archive 7603: 7598: 7596: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7506: 7500: 7493: 7487: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7437: 7431: 7424: 7418: 7411: 7405: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7363: 7352: 7349: 7343: 7340: 7334: 7331: 7325: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7245: 7239: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7154: 7148: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7119: 7113: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7064: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7013:. July 4, 2018. 7003: 6997: 6992:Ritz, "From the 6990: 6984: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6955: 6949: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6918: 6912: 6909: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6843: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6818:. July 3, 2009. 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6778: 6772: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6731: 6720: 6719: 6707: 6701: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6635: 6628: 6620: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6578:(4): 1389–1398. 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6522: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6472: 6466:. Archived from 6465: 6457: 6451: 6427: 6421: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6392: 6381: 6374: 6368: 6361: 6355: 6348: 6342: 6339: 6333: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6307: 6300: 6289: 6288:, Vol. 89, 2015. 6269: 6263: 6256: 6250: 6234: 6228: 6214: 6208: 6201: 6195: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6148: 6142: 6111: 6105: 6098: 6092: 6077:James Harrington 6050: 6044: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6013: 6011: 6002:. Archived from 5990: 5984: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5957:. Archived from 5946: 5940: 5939: 5926:. Vol. 31. 5919: 5913: 5900: 5894: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5854:Trickey, Erick. 5851: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5764: 5749: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5680: 5674: 5667: 5661: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5627: 5621: 5602: 5593: 5567: 5558: 5557:official website 5548: 5542: 5541: 5535: 5533: 5514: 5508: 5501: 5495: 5488: 5482: 5475: 5466: 5464: 5441:Kennedy, John F. 5437: 5428: 5405:Filippo Mazzei, 5403: 5394: 5387: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5361: 5355: 5348: 5342: 5339: 5333: 5326: 5320: 5313: 5307: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5270: 5264: 5250: 5244: 5237: 5231: 5224: 5218: 5211: 5205: 5198: 5192: 5178:May 15 preamble 5176: 5170: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5120: 5101: 5095: 5088: 5082: 5075: 5069: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5024: 5018: 5011: 5005: 4998: 4992: 4985: 4979: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4954: 4903: 4896: 4890: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4840: 4725: 4718: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4693:Leap in the Dark 4689: 4683: 4676: 4670: 4659:and Jefferson's 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4598: 4592: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4557: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4520: 4514: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4476: 4431: 4430: 4412: 4401: 4400: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4351: 4343: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4265: 4259: 4241:Julian P. Boyd, 4239: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4192: 4169:Signers Monument 4122:Ed Sullivan Show 4072:Washington, D.C. 4039: 4008: 3981:Washington, D.C. 3970: 3868: 3828:, Lincoln said: 3818:Founding Fathers 3439:John Trumbull's 3356:Washington, D.C. 3196:Global influence 3173:Independence Day 3047:State Department 2840:on July 9, 1776. 2735:Washington, D.C. 2594:'s draft of the 2548:Maryland Journal 2505:Arthur Middleton 2501:Thomas Lynch Jr. 2447:Thomas Jefferson 2331:John Witherspoon 2327:Richard Stockton 2289:William Williams 2228:Matthew Thornton 2188:Thomas Jefferson 2160:General Congress 1985:Judges dependent 1844: 1843: 1792:Independence Day 1669:Thomas Jefferson 1570:William Franklin 1491:Lee's resolution 1461: 1402:Halifax Resolves 1348:Continental Army 1201:Boston Tea Party 1199:of 1772 and the 1136:Boston Tea Party 1134:in 1772 and the 1079: 1076:Thomas Jefferson 1055:Thomas Jefferson 884:Washington, D.C. 865:Dunlap broadside 827:Thomas Jefferson 808:Founding Fathers 801:British colonial 754: 747: 740: 729: 725: 724: 723: 611:Paper Money Riot 606:Shays' Rebellion 547: 546: 404:Continental Navy 399:Continental Army 358:Intolerable Acts 348:Boston Tea Party 230:Salutary neglect 213: 212: 191:Military leaders 146: 135: 134: 102:Thomas Jefferson 85:Engrossed copy: 77: 75: 70: 46: 32: 31: 21: 15313: 15312: 15308: 15307: 15306: 15304: 15303: 15302: 15223: 15222: 15221: 15216: 15203: 15196: 15189: 15172: 15158:Opioid epidemic 15075:Native American 15055:intersex rights 15006: 15002:Life expectancy 14992:Medical deserts 14982:Race and health 14879: 14865:Personal income 14811: 14715:National anthem 14548:personal income 14513:Economic issues 14447: 14399: 14247: 14147: 14136:School district 14122: 14105:Minor divisions 14099: 14038: 13996: 13935: 13921:Statutory codes 13902: 13865: 13842: 13752: 13747: 13734: 13669: 13626:civil liberties 13607: 13598:Other tribunals 13577:District courts 13529: 13488:current members 13471:current members 13452: 13386:Law enforcement 13284: 12997: 12946: 12937:Great Recession 12808:Progressive Era 12798:Native genocide 12729:Perpetual Union 12717:Treaty of Paris 12675:United Colonies 12633: 12558: 12552: 12522: 12509: 12448:Von Steuben Day 12346: 12315: 12287: 12268: 12208: 12185: 12127:Colonial allies 12118: 12017: 11850: 11811:King George III 11799: 11707: 11684: 11653: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11561: 11535: 11464: 11445:Lochry's Defeat 11330:Assunpink Creek 11320:Fort Washington 11265: 11199: 11197: 11186: 11177:Hortalez et Cie 11148:Colonial allies 11143: 11110: 11079:United Colonies 11062: 11024: 10990:Boston Massacre 10968: 10959:Perpetual Union 10915:United Colonies 10848:Sons of Liberty 10811: 10719: 10717: 10716:Related British 10710: 10639: 10541: 10537:Origins of the 10527: 10522: 10492: 10487: 10471: 10450: 10419: 10390:Battle of Paoli 10353: 10317: 10296: 10287: 10261: 10256: 10226: 10221: 10203: 10187: 10125: 10114:May 15 preamble 10093: 10086: 10060: 10053: 10038:(February 1775) 10010: 9957: 9954:(February 1775) 9946:(December 1774) 9922: 9903: 9872: 9866: 9854:Boston Pamphlet 9837:(February 1768) 9816: 9810: 9799:(February 1766) 9768: 9762: 9751: 9746:Origins of the 9744: 9714: 9705: 9635: 9629: 9608:United Colonies 9596:Timothy Matlack 9591:Charles Thomson 9516: 9504: 9488: 9486: 9476: 9450: 9431:Edward Rutledge 9419: 9393: 9347: 9316: 9290: 9234: 9198: 9167: 9136: 9127:Stephen Hopkins 9115: 9084: 9075:William Whipple 9070:Josiah Bartlett 9058: 9055:(Massachusetts) 9030: 9010: 8982: 8977: 8924: 8919: 8914:Wayback Machine 8879: 8833: 8807:Wayback Machine 8777: 8761:Rakove, Jack N. 8702: 8647: 8549:Wayback Machine 8520: 8451:Wayback Machine 8423:Boyd, Julian P. 8403: 8398: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8346: 8342: 8332: 8330: 8323:Rotten Tomatoes 8317: 8316: 8312: 8302: 8300: 8285: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8218: 8216: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8196: 8194: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8159: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8127: 8123: 8113: 8111: 8102: 8101: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8076: 8075: 8071: 8066: 8062: 8049: 8045: 8036: 8032: 8024: 8020: 8011: 8007: 8000: 7986: 7973: 7963: 7961: 7952: 7951: 7947: 7908: 7904: 7897: 7879: 7872: 7852: 7848: 7831: 7827: 7810: 7803: 7793: 7791: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7767:Wayback Machine 7741: 7737: 7722:10.2307/1848882 7706: 7697: 7688: 7684: 7675: 7671: 7661: 7659: 7646: 7645: 7641: 7635:Wayback Machine 7624:Wayback Machine 7613:Wayback Machine 7594: 7592: 7571: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7528: 7524: 7507: 7503: 7494: 7490: 7481: 7477: 7454:10.2307/3491637 7438: 7434: 7425: 7421: 7412: 7408: 7399: 7395: 7380:10.2307/1920163 7364: 7355: 7350: 7346: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7319: 7312: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7269: 7265: 7246: 7242: 7233: 7229: 7219: 7217: 7210: 7194: 7190: 7180: 7178: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7146: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7120: 7116: 7105:Wayback Machine 7095: 7091: 7081: 7079: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7034: 7030: 7020: 7018: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6977: 6967: 6965: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6943: 6939: 6919: 6915: 6910: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6875: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6844: 6835: 6825: 6823: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6795: 6793: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6733: 6732: 6723: 6708: 6704: 6696:Peter Kolchin, 6695: 6691: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6622: 6621: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6584:10.2307/2568261 6564: 6560: 6550: 6548: 6539: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6516: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6473:on May 10, 2013 6470: 6463: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6448:Wayback Machine 6437:Wayback Machine 6428: 6424: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6394: 6393: 6384: 6375: 6371: 6362: 6358: 6349: 6345: 6340: 6336: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6301: 6292: 6280:Wayback Machine 6270: 6266: 6257: 6253: 6246:Wayback Machine 6235: 6231: 6225:Wayback Machine 6215: 6211: 6202: 6198: 6192:Wayback Machine 6178: 6174: 6167: 6149: 6145: 6131:Wayback Machine 6112: 6108: 6099: 6095: 6065:commonwealthmen 6061:Wayback Machine 6051: 6047: 6038: 6034: 6009: 6007: 6006:on June 1, 2009 5992: 5991: 5987: 5978: 5974: 5964: 5962: 5947: 5943: 5920: 5916: 5911:Wayback Machine 5901: 5897: 5888: 5884: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5765: 5752: 5744:George Billias 5743: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5681: 5677: 5668: 5664: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5617:Wayback Machine 5603: 5596: 5570:John E. Ferling 5568: 5561: 5549: 5545: 5531: 5529: 5522:Digital History 5516: 5515: 5511: 5502: 5498: 5489: 5485: 5476: 5469: 5457: 5438: 5431: 5424: 5412: 5404: 5397: 5388: 5384: 5375: 5371: 5362: 5358: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5327: 5323: 5314: 5310: 5301: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5271: 5267: 5261:Wayback Machine 5251: 5247: 5238: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5212: 5208: 5199: 5195: 5189:Wayback Machine 5177: 5173: 5167:Wayback Machine 5153: 5149: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5118: 5116: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5089: 5085: 5076: 5072: 5063: 5059: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5012: 5008: 4999: 4995: 4986: 4982: 4973: 4969: 4958:Jensen, Merrill 4955: 4906: 4897: 4893: 4887:American Memory 4883:Wayback Machine 4869: 4865: 4858: 4841: 4728: 4719: 4712: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4686: 4677: 4673: 4667:Circular Letter 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4599: 4595: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4561:Bailyn, Bernard 4558: 4543: 4534: 4530: 4521: 4517: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4477: 4434: 4427: 4413: 4404: 4397: 4380: 4376: 4365: 4361: 4345: 4344: 4332: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4278: 4276: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4250:Wayback Machine 4240: 4231: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4196:Becker, Carl L. 4193: 4182: 4177: 4160: 4091: 4089:Popular culture 4053: 4040: 4037: 4015: 4009: 4006: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3919: 3870: 3866: 3843:Stephen Douglas 3814:Abraham Lincoln 3802:Abraham Lincoln 3794: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3716:seceding states 3706:, abolitionist 3692: 3680:Salmon P. Chase 3668:John C. Calhoun 3657:Nathaniel Macon 3561: 3555: 3539:steel engraving 3451: 3445: 3412:famous painting 3384: 3338:in March 1836, 3198: 3168: 3043:Timothy Matlack 3005: 2999: 2987:Fraunces Tavern 2977:, largely from 2963:William Whipple 2849:William Whipple 2819: 2723: 2717: 2706:, the dominant 2664:, particularly 2556: 2528: 2516:Button Gwinnett 2493:Edward Rutledge 2266:Stephen Hopkins 2224:William Whipple 2220:Josiah Bartlett 2200:Edward Rutledge 2180: 2179: 2146: 2145: 2129: 2128: 2111: 2110: 2108:Failed warnings 1933: 1932: 1880: 1879: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1851: 1850: 1819: 1773:Edward Rutledge 1602: 1596: 1525: 1499: 1493: 1463: 1459: 1451: 1449:May 15 preamble 1426:middle colonies 1392: 1380:Prohibitory Act 1264: 1252:second petition 1205:British America 1169: 1159: 1080: 1074: 1048: 1013:Declaration of 919:Abraham Lincoln 907:King George III 896:Timothy Matlack 758: 721: 719: 718: 713: 712: 711: 676: 668: 667: 662: 615: 582: 566:Perpetual Union 544: 536: 535: 534: 518: 468: 460: 459: 458: 454:Financial costs 449:Treaty of Paris 393: 383: 382: 377: 343:Boston Massacre 323:Declaratory Act 313:Sons of Liberty 303:Quartering Acts 279: 244: 210: 200: 177: 144: 89: 73: 71: 68: 49: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15311: 15301: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15214: 15209: 15202: 15201: 15194: 15186: 15185: 15182: 15181: 15178: 15177: 15174: 15173: 15171: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15154: 15153: 15143: 15142: 15141: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15114:Mass shootings 15111: 15106: 15105: 15104: 15102:Climate change 15099: 15089: 15084: 15083: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15040:Discrimination 15037: 15032: 15031: 15030: 15020: 15014: 15012: 15008: 15007: 15005: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14932: 14931: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14895: 14889: 14887: 14881: 14880: 14878: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14830:American Dream 14827: 14821: 14819: 14813: 14812: 14810: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14797:Transportation 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14743: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14730:Mount Rushmore 14727: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14701: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14670: 14665: 14664: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14627: 14626: 14616: 14611: 14610: 14609: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14588: 14587: 14582: 14572: 14571: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14474: 14472: 14459: 14453: 14452: 14449: 14448: 14446: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14409: 14407: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14350:Federal budget 14347: 14342: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14288:Communications 14285: 14280: 14269: 14263: 14257: 14256: 14253: 14252: 14249: 14248: 14246: 14245: 14240: 14239: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14218: 14217: 14216: 14211: 14209:exceptionalism 14206: 14196: 14191: 14190: 14189: 14187:foreign policy 14179: 14178: 14177: 14172: 14162: 14156: 14153: 14152: 14149: 14148: 14146: 14145: 14144: 14143: 14132: 14130: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14120: 14115: 14109: 14107: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14046: 14044: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14015: 14013: 14004: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13994: 13989: 13988: 13987: 13977: 13976: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13955: 13949: 13947: 13941: 13940: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13912: 13910: 13904: 13903: 13901: 13900: 13899: 13898: 13888: 13887: 13886: 13884:Chief justices 13879:Supreme courts 13875: 13873: 13867: 13866: 13864: 13863: 13858: 13852: 13850: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13840: 13839: 13838: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13792: 13791: 13781: 13780: 13779: 13768: 13766: 13757: 13740: 13739: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13721: 13720: 13718:National Guard 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13679: 13677: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13667: 13662: 13661: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13635: 13630: 13629: 13628: 13621:Bill of Rights 13617: 13615: 13609: 13608: 13606: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13594: 13593: 13591:list of judges 13588: 13586:list of courts 13574: 13573: 13572: 13570:list of judges 13562: 13561: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13539: 13537: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13505:Capitol Police 13502: 13501: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13480: 13479: 13478: 13473: 13462: 13460: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13434: 13433: 13428: 13426:Secret Service 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13383: 13382: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13339:Vice President 13336: 13335: 13334: 13329: 13318: 13316: 13309: 13296: 13290: 13289: 13286: 13285: 13283: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13266: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13219: 13218: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13123:National Parks 13115: 13114: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13083: 13078: 13076:Extreme points 13073: 13068: 13067: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13015: 13009: 13003: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12996: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12954: 12952: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12933: 12932: 12927: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12871: 12870: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12834: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12763:Federalist Era 12760: 12759: 12758: 12756:Bill of Rights 12753: 12743: 12738: 12737: 12736: 12731: 12721: 12720: 12719: 12714: 12704: 12699: 12697:Lee Resolution 12694: 12689: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12647: 12641: 12639: 12635: 12634: 12632: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12575: 12573: 12566: 12560: 12559: 12557: articles 12551: 12550: 12543: 12536: 12528: 12519: 12518: 12515: 12514: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12496: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12453:Minor holidays 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12354: 12352: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12323: 12321: 12317: 12316: 12314: 12313: 12305: 12299: 12297: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12284:Related topics 12274: 12273: 12270: 12269: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12254:Bill of Rights 12251: 12246: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12199: 12198: 12195: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12137: 12135: 12128: 12124: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12117: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12025: 12023: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11869: 11867: 11860: 11856: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11807: 11805: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11726: 11724: 11717: 11709: 11708: 11698: 11697: 11694: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11661: 11659: 11658:Loyal colonies 11655: 11654: 11652: 11651: 11646: 11644:South Carolina 11641: 11636: 11631: 11629:North Carolina 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11585: 11583: 11581:Rebel colonies 11574: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11543: 11541: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11521:Sint Eustatius 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11481:"First Salute" 11478: 11472: 11470: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11425:Kings Mountain 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11315:Harlem Heights 11312: 11307: 11305:Valcour Island 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11276: 11274: 11267: 11266: 11264: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11202: 11200: 11195: 11192: 11191: 11188: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11173: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11144: 11142: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11120: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11087: 11085: 11072: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11060: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11048: 11045: 11034: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10976: 10974: 10970: 10969: 10967: 10966: 10961: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10940:Lee Resolution 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10858:Black Patriots 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10819: 10817: 10813: 10812: 10810: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10722: 10720: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10706:Black Loyalist 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10681:North ministry 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10647: 10645: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10620: 10613: 10606: 10601: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10553: 10551: 10543: 10542: 10529: 10528: 10521: 10520: 10513: 10506: 10498: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10427: 10425: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10361: 10359: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10334:Lee Resolution 10331: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10304: 10302: 10298: 10297: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10269: 10267: 10263: 10262: 10255: 10254: 10247: 10240: 10232: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10219: 10208: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10201: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10185: 10184:(Spring, 1776) 10177: 10176:(January 1776) 10169: 10161: 10153: 10146: 10137: 10135: 10131: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10123: 10120:Lee Resolution 10117: 10111: 10105: 10098: 10096: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10084: 10083:(October 1774) 10078: 10077:(October 1774) 10072: 10071:(October 1774) 10065: 10063: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10051: 10045: 10039: 10033: 10032:(January 1775) 10027: 10020: 10018: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10008: 10002: 9999:Tryon Resolves 9996: 9990: 9980: 9979:(October 1774) 9974: 9971:Rowan Resolves 9967: 9965: 9963:North Carolina 9959: 9958: 9956: 9955: 9947: 9939: 9932: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9913: 9911: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9901: 9895: 9888: 9886: 9877: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9864: 9863:(January 1773) 9858: 9850: 9844: 9838: 9832: 9823: 9821: 9818:Townshend Acts 9812: 9811: 9809: 9808: 9800: 9794: 9793:(October 1765) 9788: 9782: 9775: 9773: 9764: 9763: 9756: 9753: 9752: 9743: 9742: 9735: 9728: 9720: 9711: 9710: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9659:Anniversaries 9657: 9652: 9651: 9650: 9639: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9627: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9610: 9605: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9564: 9557: 9545: 9543:Lee Resolution 9540: 9535: 9530: 9524: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9492: 9490: 9489:(did not sign) 9482: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9462:Button Gwinett 9458: 9456: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9427: 9425: 9424:South Carolina 9421: 9420: 9418: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9405:William Hooper 9401: 9399: 9398:North Carolina 9395: 9394: 9392: 9391: 9389:Carter Braxton 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9324: 9322: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9242: 9240: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9206: 9204: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9165: 9163:Oliver Wolcott 9160: 9155: 9150: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9134: 9132:William Ellery 9129: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9111:Elbridge Gerry 9108: 9103: 9098: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9085: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9049: 9047: 9038: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9028: 9022: 9020: 9019:Primary author 9012: 9011: 9009: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8987: 8984: 8983: 8976: 8975: 8968: 8961: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8923: 8922:External links 8920: 8918: 8917: 8916:, Harvey Milk, 8904: 8901: 8898: 8883: 8877: 8859: 8852: 8837: 8831: 8816: 8788: 8781: 8775: 8757: 8738: 8728: 8721: 8708:Mayer, Henry. 8706: 8700: 8684:Cato Institute 8670:Hamowy, Ronald 8665: 8660:. Volume 1 of 8651: 8645: 8631:Maier, Pauline 8627: 8598: 8591: 8588: 8570: 8559:Hamowy, Ronald 8556: 8538: 8524: 8518: 8500: 8485: 8478: 8471: 8460: 8440: 8433: 8419: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8396: 8395: 8363: 8340: 8310: 8287:"Independence" 8278: 8252: 8226: 8204: 8178: 8152: 8121: 8095: 8069: 8060: 8043: 8030: 8018: 8005: 7998: 7971: 7945: 7918:(1): 111–144. 7902: 7895: 7870: 7846: 7825: 7801: 7771: 7735: 7695: 7682: 7669: 7639: 7565: 7560:Cohen (1969), 7553: 7522: 7501: 7488: 7486:(Urbana 1976). 7475: 7432: 7419: 7417:(Boston 1924). 7406: 7393: 7374:(4): 557–574. 7353: 7344: 7335: 7326: 7317: 7310: 7304:. p. 71. 7288: 7281: 7263: 7240: 7227: 7208: 7188: 7169: 7149: 7140: 7114: 7089: 7059: 7028: 6998: 6985: 6975: 6950: 6937: 6913: 6899: 6869: 6833: 6803: 6773: 6760: 6721: 6702: 6689: 6674: 6647: 6612: 6558: 6532: 6523: 6510: 6484: 6452: 6441:Dictionary.com 6422: 6409: 6382: 6369: 6356: 6343: 6334: 6317: 6308: 6290: 6264: 6258:Cuomo, Mario. 6251: 6229: 6209: 6196: 6185:Kelly OConnell 6172: 6165: 6143: 6106: 6093: 6067:, the radical 6045: 6032: 5985: 5972: 5941: 5914: 5895: 5882: 5879:. May 8, 1825. 5868: 5846: 5820: 5790: 5750: 5737: 5720:memory.loc.gov 5707: 5700: 5675: 5662: 5649: 5622: 5594: 5559: 5543: 5528:on May 4, 2015 5509: 5496: 5483: 5467: 5456:978-0061447549 5455: 5429: 5395: 5391:Interpretation 5382: 5378:Interpretation 5369: 5365:Interpretation 5356: 5352:Interpretation 5343: 5334: 5330:Interpretation 5321: 5308: 5292: 5265: 5245: 5232: 5219: 5215:Interpretation 5206: 5193: 5171: 5147: 5129: 5096: 5092:Interpretation 5083: 5079:Interpretation 5070: 5057: 5037: 5019: 5006: 4993: 4980: 4976:Interpretation 4967: 4904: 4900:Interpretation 4891: 4863: 4856: 4844:Maier, Pauline 4726: 4722:Glorious Cause 4710: 4697: 4684: 4680:Glorious Cause 4671: 4653:Glorious Cause 4644: 4619: 4593: 4589:Glorious Cause 4580: 4573: 4541: 4528: 4515: 4491: 4432: 4425: 4402: 4395: 4374: 4359: 4330: 4312: 4286: 4260: 4229: 4217: 4210: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4090: 4087: 4052: 4049: 4035: 4014: 4011: 4004: 3993:I Have a Dream 3976: 3973: 3966: 3918: 3915: 3911:states' rights 3899:Harry V. Jaffa 3874:Daniel Webster 3858: 3793: 3790: 3760: 3755: 3691: 3688: 3618:Benjamin Lundy 3554: 3551: 3447:Main article: 3444: 3437: 3424:Bill of Rights 3383: 3380: 3360:Gutzon Borglum 3300:Mexico in 1821 3237:David Armitage 3197: 3194: 3167: 3164: 3093:Julian P. Boyd 3020:Barry Faulkner 3001:Main article: 2998: 2995: 2967:Prince Whipple 2953:Jeremy Bentham 2949:natural rights 2933:North Ministry 2818: 2815: 2791:Elbridge Gerry 2719:Main article: 2716: 2713: 2695:David Armitage 2635:Carl L. Becker 2555: 2552: 2538:. She was the 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2507: 2488:South Carolina 2484: 2474:William Hooper 2469:North Carolina 2465: 2463:Carter Braxton 2430: 2407: 2388: 2345: 2318: 2295: 2293:Oliver Wolcott 2272: 2270:William Ellery 2257: 2255:Elbridge Gerry 2230: 2210: 2208: 2173: 2172: 2155: 2151:Lee Resolution 2139: 2138: 2133: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2104: 2103: 1949:Assent to Laws 1941: 1926: 1925: 1884: 1873: 1872: 1868:Laws of Nature 1862: 1858: 1856: 1818: 1815: 1753:John Dickinson 1718:Filippo Mazzei 1649:Filippo Mazzei 1598:Main article: 1595: 1592: 1567:Royal Governor 1524: 1521: 1497:Lee Resolution 1495:Main article: 1492: 1489: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1443:John Dickinson 1391: 1388: 1354:in one of the 1263: 1260: 1158: 1155: 1132:Pine Tree Riot 1101:British Empire 1097:Townshend Acts 1072: 1047: 1044: 1002:South Carolina 998:North Carolina 858:Lee Resolution 760: 759: 757: 756: 749: 742: 734: 731: 730: 715: 714: 710: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 678: 677: 674: 673: 670: 669: 664: 663: 661: 660: 658:Bill of Rights 655: 650: 645: 638: 633: 627: 624: 623: 617: 616: 614: 613: 608: 603: 598: 592: 589: 588: 584: 583: 581: 580: 575: 570: 569: 568: 557: 554: 553: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 533: 532: 526: 519: 517: 516: 511: 509:Lee Resolution 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 470: 469: 466: 465: 462: 461: 457: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 395: 394: 389: 388: 385: 384: 379: 378: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 328:Townshend Acts 325: 320: 315: 310: 308:Stamp Act 1765 305: 300: 295: 289: 286: 285: 281: 280: 278: 277: 270: 265: 260: 254: 251: 250: 246: 245: 243: 242: 237: 232: 227: 221: 218: 217: 211: 206: 205: 202: 201: 199: 198: 193: 188: 182: 179: 178: 160: 149: 148: 140: 139: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 113: 109: 108: 99: 95: 94: 83: 79: 78: 65: 59: 58: 57:June–July 1776 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15310: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15230: 15228: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15204: 15199: 15195: 15192: 15188: 15187: 15183: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15152: 15149: 15148: 15147: 15144: 15140: 15137: 15136: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15094: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15087:Energy policy 15085: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15042: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15029: 15028:incarceration 15026: 15025: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15015: 15013: 15009: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14937: 14936: 14933: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14913:Prenatal care 14911: 14909: 14908:Birth control 14906: 14904: 14901: 14900: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14890: 14888: 14886: 14882: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14845:Homeownership 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14822: 14820: 14818: 14814: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14722: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14675: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14648: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14625: 14622: 14621: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14608: 14605: 14604: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14577: 14576: 14573: 14569: 14568:working class 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14528:homeownership 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14515: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14471: 14467: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14454: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14410: 14408: 14406: 14402: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14308:Manufacturing 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14275: 14274: 14271: 14270: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14258: 14244: 14241: 14237: 14236:Third parties 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14223: 14222: 14219: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14201: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14188: 14185: 14184: 14183: 14180: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14167: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14157: 14154: 14142: 14139: 14138: 14137: 14134: 14133: 14131: 14129: 14125: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14110: 14108: 14106: 14102: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14047: 14045: 14041: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14016: 14014: 14012: 14008: 14005: 14003: 13999: 13993: 13990: 13986: 13983: 13982: 13981: 13978: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13960: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13950: 13948: 13946: 13942: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13913: 13911: 13909: 13905: 13897: 13894: 13893: 13892: 13889: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13874: 13872: 13868: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13853: 13851: 13849: 13845: 13837: 13834: 13833: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13790: 13787: 13786: 13785: 13782: 13778: 13775: 13774: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13765: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13750: 13745: 13741: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13685: 13684: 13681: 13680: 13678: 13676: 13672: 13666: 13663: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13640: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13627: 13624: 13623: 13622: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13614: 13610: 13604: 13603:U.S. attorney 13601: 13599: 13596: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13583: 13582: 13578: 13575: 13571: 13568: 13567: 13566: 13563: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13548:Chief Justice 13546: 13545: 13544: 13543:Supreme Court 13541: 13540: 13538: 13536: 13532: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13485: 13484: 13481: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13468: 13467: 13464: 13463: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13449: 13448:Public policy 13446: 13444: 13443:Civil service 13441: 13439: 13436: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13388: 13387: 13384: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13361: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13324: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13317: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13304: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13291: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13220: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13132: 13131: 13128: 13124: 13121: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13112: 13111:Sierra Nevada 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13088: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13049:insular zones 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13004: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12953: 12949: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12922: 12921: 12920:War on Terror 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12900:LGBT Movement 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12869: 12866: 12865: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12818: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12726: 12725: 12722: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12709: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12652: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12636: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12556: 12555:United States 12549: 12544: 12542: 12537: 12535: 12530: 12529: 12526: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12428:Patriots' Day 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12405: 12404: 12403:Commemoration 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12349: 12343: 12342:Yankee Doodle 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12324: 12322: 12318: 12312: 12311: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12283: 12282: 12279: 12275: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12244: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12214: 12211: 12204: 12200: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12171:de Rochambeau 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12132: 12129: 12125: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12020: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11864: 11861: 11857: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11802: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11721: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11703: 11699: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11662: 11660: 11656: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11614:New Hampshire 11612: 11610: 11609:Massachusetts 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11582: 11578: 11575: 11564: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11544: 11542: 11538: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11467: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11273: 11268: 11262: 11261:Naval battles 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11196:Campaigns and 11193: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11157: 11156: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11113: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11084: 11080: 11076: 11073: 11069: 11065: 11058: 11055: 11052: 11049: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11039: 11035: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 11000:Gaspee affair 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10971: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10875: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10814: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10713: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10656:Bute ministry 10654: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10611: 10607: 10605: 10604:Spirit of '76 10602: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10577:Republicanism 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10530: 10526: 10519: 10514: 10512: 10507: 10505: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10474: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10428: 10426: 10422: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10356: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10320: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10299: 10294: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10260: 10253: 10248: 10246: 10241: 10239: 10234: 10233: 10230: 10218: 10210: 10209: 10206: 10200: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10190: 10183: 10182: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10162: 10159: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10147: 10144: 10143: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10132: 10121: 10118: 10115: 10112: 10109: 10106: 10103: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10089: 10082: 10079: 10076: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10056: 10049: 10046: 10043: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10031: 10028: 10025: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10006: 10003: 10001:(August 1775) 10000: 9997: 9994: 9991: 9988: 9984: 9981: 9978: 9975: 9973:(August 1774) 9972: 9969: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9960: 9953: 9952: 9948: 9945: 9944: 9940: 9937: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9909:Massachusetts 9906: 9899: 9896: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9881: 9878: 9875: 9874:Coercive Acts 9871:Following the 9869: 9862: 9859: 9856: 9855: 9851: 9848: 9845: 9842: 9839: 9836: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9815:Following the 9813: 9806: 9805: 9801: 9798: 9795: 9792: 9789: 9786: 9783: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9767:Following the 9765: 9760: 9754: 9749: 9741: 9736: 9734: 9729: 9727: 9722: 9721: 9718: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9696:Pine portrait 9694: 9692: 9689: 9686: 9683: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9660: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9632: 9626: 9623: 9619: 9618:Syng inkstand 9616: 9615: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9574:27 grievances 9572: 9569: 9565: 9562: 9558: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9483: 9473: 9472:George Walton 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9422: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9396: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9350: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9319: 9313: 9312:Thomas McKean 9310: 9308: 9307:Caesar Rodney 9305: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9293: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9276:George Taylor 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9266:George Clymer 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9251:Benjamin Rush 9249: 9247: 9246:Robert Morris 9244: 9243: 9241: 9237: 9231: 9230:Abraham Clark 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9189:Francis Lewis 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9179:William Floyd 9177: 9176: 9174: 9170: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9148:Roger Sherman 9146: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9118: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9089:Massachusetts 9087: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9063:New Hampshire 9061: 9054: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9033: 9027: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9017: 9013: 9007: 9006:Syng inkstand 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8988: 8985: 8981: 8974: 8969: 8967: 8962: 8960: 8955: 8954: 8951: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8905: 8902: 8899: 8896: 8895:0-8295-0146-0 8892: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8878:0-385-08976-7 8874: 8870: 8869: 8864: 8860: 8857: 8853: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8828: 8824: 8823: 8817: 8814: 8813: 8808: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8789: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8776:0-394-42370-4 8772: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8758: 8755: 8754:0-547-17558-2 8751: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8736: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8722: 8719: 8718:0-312-18740-8 8715: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8654:Malone, Dumas 8652: 8648: 8642: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8599: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8582:0-306-71987-8 8579: 8575: 8571: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8519:0-19-515924-1 8515: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8501: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8486: 8483: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8467: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8441: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8406: 8405: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8367: 8351: 8344: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8314: 8298: 8294: 8293: 8288: 8282: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8240: 8236: 8230: 8214: 8208: 8192: 8188: 8182: 8166: 8162: 8156: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8125: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8064: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8040: 8034: 8027: 8022: 8015: 8009: 8001: 7999:0-671-76956-1 7995: 7991: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7959: 7955: 7949: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7906: 7898: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7877: 7875: 7866: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7850: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7829: 7821: 7817: 7816: 7808: 7806: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7768: 7764: 7761: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7739: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7692: 7686: 7679: 7676:Wyatt-Brown, 7673: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7636: 7632: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7607: 7602: 7590: 7586: 7585:The Liberator 7582: 7578: 7577: 7573:Day, Thomas. 7569: 7563: 7557: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7505: 7498: 7492: 7485: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7423: 7416: 7410: 7403: 7397: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7348: 7339: 7330: 7321: 7313: 7311:0-7923-0811-5 7307: 7303: 7299: 7292: 7284: 7282:1-85941-050-2 7278: 7274: 7267: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7244: 7237: 7231: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7201: 7200: 7192: 7176: 7172: 7170:0-691-12188-5 7166: 7162: 7161: 7153: 7144: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7099: 7093: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7063: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7032: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6995: 6989: 6979: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6947: 6941: 6933: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6917: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6873: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6770: 6764: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6693: 6685: 6678: 6663:. p. 105 6662: 6658: 6651: 6632: 6625: 6619: 6617: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6562: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6527: 6520: 6517:Boyd (1976), 6514: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6469: 6462: 6456: 6449: 6445: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6426: 6419: 6413: 6397: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6379: 6373: 6366: 6360: 6353: 6347: 6338: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6312: 6306:, pp. 10, 11. 6305: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6268: 6261: 6255: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6236:Wills, Gary. 6233: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6213: 6206: 6200: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6168: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6139:communitarian 6136: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6103: 6097: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6055: 6049: 6042: 6036: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6005: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5989: 5982: 5976: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5912: 5908: 5905: 5899: 5892: 5886: 5878: 5872: 5857: 5850: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5747: 5741: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5703: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5682:As quoted in 5679: 5672: 5666: 5659: 5653: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5626: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5566: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5506: 5500: 5493: 5487: 5480: 5477:According to 5474: 5472: 5463: 5458: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5436: 5434: 5426: 5418: 5417: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5400: 5392: 5389:Friedenwald, 5386: 5379: 5376:Friedenwald, 5373: 5366: 5363:Friedenwald, 5360: 5353: 5350:Friedenwald, 5347: 5338: 5331: 5328:Friedenwald, 5325: 5318: 5312: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5249: 5242: 5236: 5229: 5223: 5216: 5213:Friedenwald, 5210: 5203: 5197: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5175: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5126: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5093: 5090:Friedenwald, 5087: 5080: 5077:Friedenwald, 5074: 5067: 5061: 5052: 5046: 5041: 5033: 5028: 5027:Conway (1893) 5023: 5016: 5010: 5003: 4997: 4990: 4984: 4977: 4974:Friedenwald, 4971: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4901: 4898:Friedenwald, 4895: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4873: 4872:king's speech 4867: 4859: 4857:0-679-45492-6 4853: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4723: 4720:Middlekauff, 4717: 4715: 4707: 4701: 4694: 4688: 4681: 4678:Middlekauff, 4675: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4651:Middlekauff, 4648: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4587:Middlekauff, 4584: 4576: 4574:0-674-44302-0 4570: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4538: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4494: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4426:0-19-505542-X 4422: 4418: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4398: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4383:Ellis, Joseph 4378: 4370: 4363: 4355: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4226: 4221: 4213: 4211:0-394-70060-0 4207: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4180: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4086: 4084: 4083:New York City 4080: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4068:National Mall 4065: 4061: 4056: 4048: 4046: 4043:In 2020, the 4034: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4019:San Francisco 4003: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3965: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946:Lucretia Mott 3943: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3839:famed debates 3834: 3829: 3827: 3826:Peoria speech 3823: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3789: 3787: 3779: 3768: 3767: 3759: 3757:July 4th 1859 3753: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3684:Benjamin Wade 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3664:John Randolph 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3607:Lemuel Haynes 3603: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3584: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3488:John Trumbull 3482: 3478: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3458:John Trumbull 3455: 3450: 3442: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408:John Trumbull 3405: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3278:in 1816, the 3277: 3274:in 1811, the 3273: 3269: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3128: 3124: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2983:New York City 2980: 2976: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2900: 2899:New York City 2896: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2882:on July 6. A 2881: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2838:New York City 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2814: 2812: 2811:Syng inkstand 2807: 2803: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2782:Benjamin Rush 2778: 2775: 2774:Thomas McKean 2771: 2763: 2762:Syng inkstand 2758: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2647:republicanism 2644: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2560: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2525: 2524:George Walton 2521: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2405:Thomas McKean 2402: 2401:Caesar Rodney 2398: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2378:George Taylor 2375: 2371: 2370:George Clymer 2367: 2363: 2359: 2358:Benjamin Rush 2355: 2354:Robert Morris 2351: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2343:Abraham Clark 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2312:Francis Lewis 2309: 2305: 2304:William Floyd 2301: 2300: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2281:Roger Sherman 2278: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2234:Massachusetts 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2215:New Hampshire 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2036:Trial by Jury 2032: 2030: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983:"He has made 1981: 1978: 1976: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1899:with certain 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1857: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1804:publication. 1800: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784:Caesar Rodney 1781: 1780:Robert Morris 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1765:Thomas McKean 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:Market Street 1684: 1680: 1678: 1677:Roger Sherman 1674: 1671:of Virginia, 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1646: 1639: 1634: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1591: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1559:Thomas McKean 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1498: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1456: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1415:Great Britain 1412: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1397:Pauline Maier 1387: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197:Gaspee Affair 1194: 1193:Coercive Acts 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1077: 1071: 1064: 1060: 1059:Market Street 1056: 1052: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1032:Latin America 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 958:New Hampshire 955: 950: 948: 943: 939: 935: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 842: 840: 839:Market Street 836: 835:Roger Sherman 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 804: 802: 798: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 774:United States 771: 767: 755: 750: 748: 743: 741: 736: 735: 733: 732: 728: 717: 716: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 682:United States 680: 679: 672: 671: 659: 656: 654: 653:Raftification 651: 649: 646: 644: 643: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 628: 626: 625: 622: 619: 618: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 593: 591: 590: 586: 585: 579: 576: 574: 571: 567: 564: 563: 562: 559: 558: 556: 555: 552: 549: 548: 540: 539: 530: 527: 525: 521: 520: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 484:Role of women 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 464: 463: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 396: 392: 387: 386: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 290: 288: 287: 283: 282: 275: 271: 269: 266: 264: 263:Republicanism 261: 259: 256: 255: 253: 252: 248: 247: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 220: 219: 215: 214: 209: 204: 203: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 181: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 155: 151: 150: 147: 142: 141: 137: 136: 128: 124: 121: 117: 114: 110: 107: 103: 100: 96: 93: 90:Rough draft: 88: 84: 80: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 45: 40: 35:United States 33: 30: 19: 15129:Human rights 15109:Gun politics 15060:Islamophobia 15050:antisemitism 14918:Hospice care 14860:Middle class 14840:Homelessness 14817:Social class 14777:Social class 14641:Human rights 14631:Homelessness 14543:middle class 14508:Demographics 14483:Architecture 14390:Unemployment 14370:Labor unions 14118:Town meeting 14095:City council 14090:City manager 13831:State police 13693:Marine Corps 13683:Armed Forces 13658:civil rights 13638:Constitution 13210:Southwestern 13205:Southeastern 13195:Northwestern 13190:Northeastern 13155:Mid-Atlantic 13145:Great Plains 12863:World War II 12746:Constitution 12701: 12650:Colonial era 12629:2008–present 12468:Bicentennial 12351:Other topics 12337:Liberty Tree 12309: 12249:Constitution 12241: 12146:Beaumarchais 12034:Samuel Adams 11785:William Howe 11780:Richard Howe 11680:West Florida 11665:East Florida 11639:Rhode Island 11634:Pennsylvania 11567:Involvement 11511:Gordon Riots 11496:Valley Forge 11491:Conway Cabal 11469:Other events 11231:Philadelphia 11129:British Army 11020:Powder Alarm 10950:Model Treaty 10944: 10872: 10630:Expansionism 10598:Common Sense 10596: 10415:Valley Forge 10338: 10179: 10173:Common Sense 10171: 10163: 10155: 10140: 10007:(April 1776) 9949: 9941: 9900:(March 1775) 9852: 9843:(1768, 1769) 9831:(1767, 1768) 9826: 9802: 9758: 9673:Bicentennial 9505: 9502:Henry Wisner 9493: 9410:Joseph Hewes 9359:George Wythe 9338:Thomas Stone 9333:William Paca 9328:Samuel Chase 9281:James Wilson 9239:Pennsylvania 9194:Lewis Morris 9120:Rhode Island 9096:Samuel Adams 9053:John Hancock 8979: 8886: 8867: 8863:Wills, Garry 8840: 8821: 8810: 8797: 8793: 8784: 8765: 8745: 8741: 8734: 8724: 8709: 8674: 8661: 8657: 8635: 8606: 8602: 8594: 8573: 8566: 8562: 8552: 8532: 8508: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8465: 8454: 8436: 8427: 8413: 8401:Bibliography 8386:. 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Retrieved 4606: 4596: 4588: 4583: 4564: 4536: 4531: 4523: 4518: 4511:Google Books 4504: 4496:. Retrieved 4481: 4416: 4386: 4377: 4368: 4362: 4321: 4315: 4303:. Retrieved 4299:the original 4289: 4277:. Retrieved 4263: 4253: 4220: 4200: 4145: 4137: 4136: 4129: 4127: 4120: 4114: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4081:building in 4076: 4057: 4054: 4042: 4032: 4028: 4016: 4001: 3997: 3979:In 1963, in 3978: 3963: 3957: 3938:Seneca Falls 3936:was held in 3931: 3907:Mel Bradford 3891: 3882:Joseph Story 3878:James Wilson 3871: 3865: 3860: 3854: 3849: 3836: 3831: 3811: 3782: 3772: 3764: 3756: 3751: 3739:Kennedy Farm 3736: 3718:created the 3693: 3661: 3645:slave states 3642: 3631: 3611: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3562: 3549:since 1976. 3528: 3512: 3491: 3490:'s painting 3486: 3440: 3420: 3401: 3385: 3265: 3251:(1811), the 3244: 3234: 3218:George Mason 3199: 3180: 3176: 3169: 3161: 3157:James Wilson 3146: 3138: 3129: 3125: 3119:acquired by 3113: 3105:Philadelphia 3088: 3086: 3059: 3036: 3029: 2972: 2961: 2940: 2929: 2925:Nikita Panin 2918: 2915:General Howe 2904: 2891:John Hancock 2888: 2877: 2854: 2829: 2828:'s portrait 2808: 2804: 2799:John Hancock 2798: 2796: 2779: 2770:John Hancock 2767: 2750:John Hancock 2701: 2692: 2677: 2670: 2655: 2632: 2625: 2606: 2601: 2592:George Mason 2585: 2580: 2568: 2533: 2509: 2486: 2478:Joseph Hewes 2467: 2439:George Wythe 2432: 2424:Thomas Stone 2420:William Paca 2416:Samuel Chase 2409: 2390: 2382:James Wilson 2349:Pennsylvania 2347: 2320: 2316:Lewis Morris 2297: 2274: 2261:Rhode Island 2259: 2247:John Hancock 2239:Samuel Adams 2232: 2213: 2184:John Hancock 2181: 2176: 2157: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2126:Denunciation 2125: 2118: 2112: 2107: 2096: 2089: 2082: 2074: 2071: 2069:against us. 2060: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2040: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1982: 1979: 1972: 1969: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1946: 1943: 1934: 1929: 1889:self-evident 1886: 1881: 1876: 1865: 1852: 1848:Introduction 1847: 1838: 1835:denunciation 1834: 1830: 1826: 1823:introduction 1822: 1820: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1777: 1761: 1742: 1738:John Ferling 1734: 1722: 1712:Common Sense 1710: 1709:, author of 1707:Thomas Paine 1700: 1692:Philadelphia 1685: 1681: 1654: 1626:Philadelphia 1582:Samuel Chase 1574: 1555: 1531: 1517: 1500: 1476:Pennsylvania 1464: 1458: 1454: 1423: 1414: 1410: 1393: 1377: 1372:Common Sense 1371: 1336:Common Sense 1335: 1333: 1328:Common Sense 1327: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1313:Common Sense 1312: 1309:Philadelphia 1304:Common Sense 1302: 1301:'s pamphlet 1299:Thomas Paine 1296: 1293: 1285: 1278:, where the 1276:Philadelphia 1248: 1229: 1213:Philadelphia 1211:convened in 1190: 1151:James Wilson 1147:Samuel Adams 1140: 1105: 1082: 1068: 1063:Philadelphia 1012: 1010: 982:Pennsylvania 951: 942:Joseph Ellis 931: 900: 877: 862: 843: 817:, including 812: 805: 794: 790:Philadelphia 786:colonial era 769: 765: 763: 702:Bicentennial 640: 621:Constitution 513: 444:Intelligence 414:British Army 298:Currency Act 175:Philadelphia 166: 116:56 delegates 29: 15134:Immigration 15065:LGBT rights 14967:Food safety 14802:Video games 14395:Wall Street 14375:Public debt 14278:Agriculture 14214:nationalism 13926:Uniform act 13848:Legislative 13755:Territorial 13713:Coast Guard 13708:Space Force 13458:Legislative 13253:Red (South) 13243:Mississippi 13165:New England 13101:Appalachian 13071:Earthquakes 12968:Discoveries 12963:Demographic 12905:Vietnam War 12848:World War I 12843:Imperialism 12793:Indian Wars 12768:War of 1812 12114:Witherspoon 11998:von Steuben 11953:Charles Lee 11670:Nova Scotia 11589:Connecticut 11460:The Saintes 11415:Springfield 11380:Stony Point 11310:Long Island 11295:Bunker Hill 11216:Nova Scotia 10807:Prohibitory 10797:Restraining 10787:Intolerable 10767:Declaratory 10483:1783 Mutiny 10122:(July 1776) 10110:(July 1775) 10104:(July 1775) 10050:(June 1776) 10026:(July 1774) 9995:(June 1775) 9987:Declaration 9938:(July 1774) 9761:(July 1776) 9510:John Rogers 9302:George Read 9286:George Ross 9271:James Smith 9261:John Morton 9141:Connecticut 9036:Signatories 8237:. Pratico. 8108:www.uua.org 8054:(1979) and 7964:January 26, 7855:Brown, John 7691:All on Fire 7220:October 16, 7181:October 16, 6968:October 10, 6605:January 13, 6120:Ralph Luker 6073:John Milton 5839:October 12, 5532:January 15, 5045:Kaye (2005) 4498:January 16, 4305:January 15, 4148:Paul Harvey 4109:. In 1970, 4023:Harvey Milk 3714:. When the 3676:John Pettit 3574:slave trade 3443:(1817–1826) 3404:War of 1812 3396:Federalists 3288:El Salvador 3101:John Dunlap 3097:Magna Carta 2951:written by 2923:in London, 2857:John Dunlap 2834:King George 2658:Garry Wills 2397:George Read 2386:George Ross 2374:James Smith 2366:John Morton 2276:Connecticut 1769:George Read 1730:slave trade 1484:proprietary 1254:, issued a 1070:of America. 970:Connecticut 788:capital of 112:Signatories 15253:1776 works 15227:Categories 15168:Xenophobia 14957:Disability 14898:Healthcare 14807:Visual art 14752:Philosophy 14698:television 14688:newspapers 14678:journalism 14668:Literature 14580:attainment 14231:Republican 14226:Democratic 14199:Ideologies 14160:Corruption 13725:NOAA Corps 13648:preemption 13643:federalism 13258:Rio Grande 13160:Midwestern 13140:West Coast 13135:East Coast 12978:Inventions 12890:Space Race 12885:Korean War 12868:home front 12803:Gilded Age 12458:Centennial 12413:television 12264:Jay Treaty 12161:de Guichen 12069:Huntington 12029:John Adams 11968:Montgomery 11873:Washington 11836:Rockingham 11821:Barrington 11790:Knyphausen 11760:Cornwallis 11619:New Jersey 11450:Chesapeake 11405:Charleston 11360:Germantown 11355:Brandywine 11345:Bennington 11134:Royal Navy 11124:Parliament 11071:Combatants 11044:Combatants 10823:Loyal Nine 10756:Quartering 10726:Navigation 10572:Liberalism 10562:John Locke 10550:Philosophy 10116:(May 1776) 10044:(May 1776) 9989:(May 1775) 9894:(May 1774) 9849:(May 1769) 9781:(May 1765) 9750:: writings 9663:Centennial 9636:and legacy 9467:Lyman Hall 9203:New Jersey 9101:John Adams 8792:"From the 8378:TheDove TV 8356:August 24, 8088:October 6, 7693:, 53, 115. 7133:August 27, 6640:August 17, 6551:October 6, 6477:October 6, 6416:Hazelton, 6376:Hazelton, 6350:Hazelton, 6324:Hazelton, 6218:165 US 150 6116:Commentary 6081:John Locke 5064:Hazelton, 4704:Hazelton, 4522:Hazelton, 4175:References 4106:John Adams 3892:Lincoln's 3747:amanuensis 3743:Owen Brown 3708:John Brown 3698:, said by 3602:Thomas Day 3598:plantation 3595:Monticello 3284:Costa Rica 3153:Chichester 3060:After the 2866:John Nixon 2861:broadsides 2748:President 2693:Historian 2674:indictment 2656:Historian 2628:John Locke 2564:John Locke 2540:postmaster 2520:Lyman Hall 2322:New Jersey 2243:John Adams 2192:John Adams 2177:Signatures 2143:Conclusion 2067:waging War 2019:mock Trial 2012:quartering 1930:Indictment 1839:conclusion 1831:indictment 1703:John Locke 1661:John Adams 1538:depicting 1523:Final push 1471:John Adams 1439:exigencies 1384:John Adams 1362:against a 1344:Washington 1225:Lord North 1138:in 1773. 1128:legitimate 1089:Parliament 1046:Background 978:New Jersey 819:John Adams 268:Liberalism 240:George III 74:1776-07-04 15151:Terrorism 14928:Rationing 14825:Affluence 14772:Sexuality 14740:Uncle Sam 14646:Languages 14575:Education 14518:affluence 14478:Americana 14405:Transport 14303:Insurance 14293:Companies 14273:By sector 14165:Elections 13806:Treasurer 13764:Executive 13703:Air Force 13675:Uniformed 13498:President 13315:Executive 13086:Mountains 13019:Territory 13007:Geography 12831:1954–1968 12826:1896–1954 12821:1865–1896 12783:Civil War 12624:1991–2008 12619:1980–1991 12614:1964–1980 12609:1945–1964 12604:1917–1945 12599:1865–1917 12594:1849–1865 12589:1815–1849 12584:1789–1815 12579:1776–1789 12572:By period 12332:Diplomacy 12320:Political 12303:Prisoners 12207:Aftermath 12181:Vergennes 12156:de Grasse 12151:d'Estaing 12141:Louis XVI 12079:Jefferson 12044:Dickinson 11988:St. Clair 11973:Nicholson 11948:Lafayette 11908:Duportail 11878:Alexander 11846:Shelburne 11730:Arbuthnot 11569:(by 11435:Pensacola 11395:Gibraltar 11370:St. Lucia 11335:Princeton 11047:Campaigns 10900:Minutemen 10816:Colonials 10772:Townshend 10701:Loyalists 10644:Royalists 10165:Novanglus 9770:Stamp Act 9415:John Penn 9225:John Hart 8623:189888819 8609:: 46–48. 8114:March 19, 7940:159213688 7548:0010-8847 7462:0043-5597 7082:April 22, 7052:April 22, 6892:March 18, 6592:0021-8723 6521:, p. 438. 6380:, 208–19. 5981:Evolution 5936:808030037 5928:Amsterdam 5730:April 27, 5669:Burnett, 5656:Burnett, 5590:468591593 5505:Evolution 5492:Evolution 5393:, 119–20. 5304:Evolution 5241:Evolution 5154:Burnett, 4691:Ferling, 4563:(1992) . 4348:cite book 4340:990127604 4198:(1970) . 4139:Fallout 3 3983:, at the 3958:and women 3808:, in 1846 3734:Report). 3483:(reverse) 3346:in 1849, 3334:in 1844, 3330:in 1842, 3326:in 1831, 3322:in 1830, 3318:in 1825, 3314:in 1825, 3310:in 1821, 3306:in 1821, 3304:Nicaragua 3298:in 1821, 3294:in 1821, 3292:Guatemala 3290:in 1821, 3286:in 1821, 3282:in 1818, 3214:Lafayette 3123:in 2015. 3070:Fort Knox 3039:parchment 2991:Manhattan 2975:Loyalists 2937:John Lind 2582:occasion. 2544:Baltimore 2482:John Penn 2339:John Hart 2063:declaring 1965:dissolved 1917:Despotism 1638:Jefferson 1610:Jefferson 1548:Jefferson 892:engrossed 784:, in the 474:Loyalists 439:Diplomacy 409:Minutemen 293:Sugar Act 98:Author(s) 15207:Category 14903:Abortion 14767:Religion 14725:Columbia 14683:internet 14619:Holidays 14614:Folklore 14585:literacy 14523:eviction 14413:Aviation 14385:Taxation 14340:Currency 14333:by state 14243:Scandals 14113:Township 13871:Judicial 13772:Governor 13535:Judicial 13421:Marshals 13294:Politics 13248:Missouri 13238:Columbia 13233:Colorado 13228:Arkansas 13221:Longest 13200:Southern 13185:Northern 13029:counties 12983:Military 12973:Economic 12951:By topic 12930:Iraq War 12880:Cold War 12638:By event 12296:Military 12049:Franklin 12022:Civilian 12003:Sullivan 11993:Schuyler 11923:Hamilton 11898:Claghorn 11866:Military 11859:Colonial 11841:Sandwich 11804:Civilian 11750:Carleton 11745:Campbell 11740:Burgoyne 11723:Military 11649:Virginia 11624:New York 11604:Maryland 11594:Delaware 11455:Yorktown 11390:Savannah 11365:Monmouth 11350:Saratoga 11256:Yorktown 11246:Southern 11236:Northern 11226:Saratoga 11198:theaters 11059:Colonies 11050:Theaters 10853:Patriots 10763:up i.p.o 10751:Currency 10736:Molasses 10217:Category 10094:Congress 10061:Congress 10016:Virginia 9928:New York 9884:Maryland 9506:Maryland 9494:New York 9352:Virginia 9321:Maryland 9295:Delaware 9172:New York 8910:Archived 8865:(1978). 8803:Archived 8763:(1979). 8633:(1998). 8545:Archived 8530:(1904). 8506:(2003). 8447:Archived 8425:(1945). 8411:(1922). 8388:June 20, 8333:June 10, 8327:Archived 8325:. 2004. 8297:Archived 8265:Archived 8239:Archived 8219:June 23, 8197:June 23, 8191:Archived 8171:July 17, 8165:Archived 8139:Archived 8082:Archived 7958:Archived 7932:41887620 7794:July 25, 7763:Archived 7746:(1881). 7631:Archived 7620:Archived 7609:Archived 7589:Archived 7581:Garrison 7214:Archived 7175:Archived 7101:Archived 7076:Archived 7046:Archived 7015:Archived 7011:BBC News 6983:Thomson. 6948:, 1:421. 6886:Archived 6856:Archived 6820:Archived 6790:Archived 6767:Malone, 6747:Archived 6686:, London 6667:March 9, 6631:Archived 6545:Archived 6444:Archived 6433:Archived 6354:, 208–19 6276:Archived 6242:Archived 6221:Archived 6188:Archived 6127:Archived 6087:(2005), 6057:Archived 6010:June 13, 5983:, 16–17. 5907:Archived 5889:Malone, 5861:July 12, 5833:Archived 5807:Archived 5777:Archived 5724:Archived 5613:Archived 5443:(2008). 5354:, 106–07 5257:Archived 5226:Rakove, 5200:Rakove, 5185:Archived 5163:Archived 5119:July 29, 5113:Archived 5094:, 92–93. 5013:Rakove, 4991:, 88–90. 4987:Rakove, 4960:(1968). 4879:Archived 4846:(1997). 4695:, 123–24 4385:(2007). 4273:Archived 4246:Archived 4158:See also 4116:Portrait 4099:and the 4077:The new 4036:— 4005:— 3967:— 3591:Virginia 3433:declared 3328:Paraguay 3324:Colombia 3296:Honduras 3074:Kentucky 2979:New York 2699:Vattel's 2434:Virginia 2411:Maryland 2392:Delaware 2299:New York 1963:"He has 1877:Preamble 1827:preamble 1540:Franklin 1480:Maryland 1467:preamble 1095:and the 1073:— 994:Virginia 990:Delaware 986:Maryland 974:New York 905:against 524:Drafting 479:Patriots 186:Timeline 82:Location 63:Ratified 15191:Outline 15139:illegal 15124:Smoking 14987:Obesity 14870:Poverty 14792:Theater 14782:Society 14636:Housing 14597:Fashion 14553:poverty 14498:Cuisine 14470:Culture 14457:Society 14418:Driving 14345:Exports 14323:Tourism 14283:Banking 14261:Economy 14221:Parties 14065:Charter 14029:Sheriff 13476:Speaker 13344:Cabinet 13307:Federal 13215:Western 13180:Eastern 13175:Central 13170:Pacific 13130:Regions 13081:Islands 12564:History 12418:theater 12176:Suffren 12166:Luzerne 12084:Laurens 12054:Hancock 12039:Carroll 11958:Lincoln 11938:de Kalb 11928:Hopkins 11826:Germain 11816:Amherst 11755:Clinton 11716:British 11706:Leaders 11599:Georgia 11430:Cowpens 11375:Grenada 11325:Trenton 11272:battles 11251:Western 11106:Marines 11053:Battles 10192:Related 9634:Display 9586:signing 9521:Related 9455:Georgia 8858:, 1911. 8849:1921451 8672:(ed.). 8603:Society 7730:1848882 7689:Mayer, 7495:Wills, 7470:3491637 7426:Wills, 7400:Wills, 7388:1920163 7021:July 4, 6959:"TPNHA" 6862:July 1, 6826:July 1, 6796:July 1, 6753:July 1, 6600:2568261 6503:July 4, 6363:Wills, 6100:Wills, 5965:July 3, 5813:July 6, 5783:July 4, 5642:July 6, 5319:, 1:311 5285:July 1, 4889:project 4637:July 3, 4612:July 3, 4279:July 4, 4066:on the 3531:reverse 3416:Capitol 3374:". The 3370:" and " 3358:, with 3320:Ecuador 3316:Uruguay 3049:to the 2715:Signing 2511:Georgia 2164:declare 1897:Creator 1891:, that 1747:, with 1726:slavery 1368:Trenton 1364:Hessian 1040:Oceania 1022:in the 1006:Georgia 803:rule. 529:Signing 434:Battles 338:Tea Act 216:Context 208:Origins 196:Battles 169:to the 126:Purpose 118:to the 72: ( 54:Created 15212:Portal 15119:Hunger 15070:racism 15011:Issues 14885:Health 14787:Sports 14747:People 14592:Family 14563:wealth 14488:Cinema 14313:Mining 14298:Energy 14043:Cities 14011:County 13945:Tribal 13483:Senate 13327:powers 13223:rivers 13096:ranges 13064:states 12988:Postal 12310:Turtle 12134:French 12104:Revere 12099:Morris 12094:McKean 12059:Hanson 11983:Rodney 11978:Putnam 11963:Mercer 11918:Greene 11888:Arnold 11795:Rodney 11775:Graves 11765:Fraser 11675:Quebec 11420:Camden 11300:Quebec 11285:Boston 11270:Major 11211:Quebec 11206:Boston 11155:France 11056:Events 10973:Events 10782:Quebec 10168:(1775) 10160:(1774) 10145:(1764) 9876:(1774) 9857:(1772) 9820:(1767) 9807:(1766) 9772:(1765) 8893: 8875: 8847: 8829: 8773: 8752: 8716: 8698: 8643: 8621: 8580: 8516: 8495: 8271:May 8, 8245:May 8, 8058:(1988) 8041:(1970) 8028:(2000) 8016:(1959) 7996: 7938: 7930: 7893: 7728: 7680:, 287. 7546: 7499:, 348. 7468: 7460: 7386: 7308: 7279: 7258:406157 7256: 7206: 7167: 6944:Boyd, 6771:, 263. 6598: 6590: 6420:, 209. 6367:, 341. 6332:, 192. 6163: 6083:. 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