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340:. It is defined as a debate where no counter-thesis is established. In other words, the debater here tries to ensure victory simply by refuting the thesis put forward by the other side. It is sometimes claimed to be a type of bad debate, for the only goal is victory, as in the second type, and the use of such trickery as quibbling and illegitimate rejoinder is allowed.
273:. The first variety is between a proponent and his teacher or somebody with a similar status. The other two are between those who want victory. The goal of the first is establishment of truth or an accepted doctrine, that of the other two is victory. The first corresponds to Caraka's friendly or congenial debate, and the other two to his hostile debate.
227:(hostile debate). The respondents are then classified as superior, equal and inferior. Also, the assembly witnessing the debate is classified as learned and ignorant. Each of these is then further classified as friendly, indifferent or hostile. There are suggestions as to how to handle the debate depending on the nature of the
319:
as a debate where, among the stated characteristics of the first type of debate, only such characteristics as would seem appropriate would be applicable. In addition, the debater can use, for the establishment of his own position and for the refutation of the opponent's thesis, such means as
85:, and other ascetics or religious reformers. By the third and second century BCE, monks and priests were required to have a training in the art of conducting a successful debate. Several debate manuals were written in different sectarian schools. But these early manuals written in
360:
Debates between monks are energetic and performative, with formalized roles and expressions. The defender sits and offers formulaic responses, while the challenger stands and asks questions, which are punctuated by a clap at the end.
166:, the method of debate. This is followed by detailed discussions on these three topics. For example, there is a discussion on the various resources that are to be examined to accomplish an action. These resources include
356:
debate one another in order to sharpen the mind and defeat misconceptions. They may spend years in university studying debate as part of their education, and learning how to be precise and logical with their arguments.
46:
and several manuals dealing with this discipline had been produced. It was from these debates that the Indian tradition of logic and allied investigations were evolved and developed. The
62:
as not only organizing and patronizing debates between the sages and priests but also as participating in such debates. Women also used to participate in these debates.
324:, illegitimate rejoinders and any kind of clincher. Three kinds of quibbling are listed, twenty-four kinds of illegitimate rejoinders and twenty-two kinds of clinchers.
289:(of the counter-thesis) should be based upon adequate evidence or means for knowledge (pramana) as well as upon (proper) hypothetical or indirect reasoning (tarka).
231:
and of the assembly. The treatise then goes on to give a list of 44 items a thorough knowledge of which is essential for the successful conduct of a debate.
146:, diet and nourishment, taste of medicines, etc., there is also a discussion on the principles of debate. The related doctrines are treated in
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77:, there was no theory of debates during that period. Such a theory evolved along with the spread of the teachings of
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18:
There was, for a considerable period of time, a very lively and extensively practiced tradition of formal
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818:
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The
Tibetan argument forms were brought over with minor adaptations from the Indian logical forms.
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contain a more systematic and improved version of the theory of debate than the one presented in
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is a voluminous work containing 120 chapters divided into eight parts. In the third part, called
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Each side should use the well-known five steps of the demonstration of an argument explicitly.
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in which the principles of debates are systematically explored are, strangely, two texts on
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142:, along with other topics such as, training of a physician, ethics of medical practice,
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253:(meaning speech or discourse), is the preferred term to denote philosophical debate in
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190:(the activity or exertion put forth for achieving the action), etc. The second head,
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Vada, the good or honest debate, is constituted by the following characteristics:
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897:
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147:
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have all been lost. However, the nature of these manuals could be glimpsed from
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2014:
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Arms raised, voices raised, hands clapping, rosaries clasped, crowds watching.
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The debate traditions of ancient India are still practiced in modern times by
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The conclusion should not entail contradiction with any tenet or accepted
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1005:
989:
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212:(reasoning). The discussion under the third head is much more elaborate.
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979:
154:, the aggregate of resources for the accomplishment of an action (2)
143:
27:
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2264:
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3333:
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3017:
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1937:
1932:
1822:
1759:
1739:
1570:
1406:
1233:
1206:
1173:
1115:
1015:
1010:
984:
909:
793:
665:
497:"Logic, Debate, and Epistemology in Ancient Indian Medical Science"
293:
114:
110:
90:
86:
82:
51:
35:
3453:
947:
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2403:
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2019:
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1790:
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1107:
974:
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852:
828:
727:
717:
204:
3188:
813:
669:
529:
Bimal
Krishna Matilal; Jonardon Ganeri; Heeraman Tiwari (1998).
472:
A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern
Schools
440:
Bimal
Krishna Matilal; Jonardon Ganeri; Heeraman Tiwari (1998).
415:
Bimal
Krishna Matilal; Jonardon Ganeri; Heeraman Tiwari (1998).
378:
Bimal
Krishna Matilal; Jonardon Ganeri; Heeraman Tiwari (1998).
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303:
129:
59:
23:
194:, deals with the standard of examination. These standards are
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was a woman scholar who used to participate in the debates in
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254:
63:
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1847:
1631:
1575:
1535:
1495:
1478:
1463:
1428:
857:
769:
353:
132:
texts of this field that have survived from ancient India.
94:
469:
336:
is called vitanda, which has sometimes been translated as
661:
722:
104:
219:
begins by dividing debates into two classes, namely,
42:
on conducting a successful debate was referred to as
923:
306:to be defended and a counter thesis to be refuted.
234:
170:(the actor, or agent who accomplishes an action),
494:
3506:
327:
2280:
645:
474:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. pp. 25–35.
343:
73:Though debate was popular at the time of the
50:of this tradition can be traced even to pre-
2287:
2273:
652:
638:
276:
603:
465:
463:
461:
58:, a pre-Buddhist text, has references to
577:
575:
310:
261:mention three kinds of debate, namely,
158:, the standard of examination, and (3)
3507:
458:
371:
2294:
2268:
633:
572:
26:were conducted, sometimes with royal
3515:Philosophical schools and traditions
504:Indian Journal of History of Science
109:The earliest available treatises in
105:Theory of debate in Charaka Samhitha
2249:
470:Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana (1920).
54:period. For example, Brhadaranyaka
13:
581:
553:
332:The third debate mentioned in the
285:Establishment (of the thesis) and
14:
3546:
2248:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2217:
922:
668:
660:
604:Wangkhang, Rignam (2019-09-19).
302:They should clearly recognize a
93:Chinese sources as well as from
30:, to examine various religious,
2218:
606:"Debating the Buddhist Masters"
531:The Character of Logic in India
442:The Character of Logic in India
417:The Character of Logic in India
381:The Character of Logic in India
235:Theory of debate in Nyayasutras
128:These are the two foundational
2627:Progressive utilization theory
2143:Relations with other religions
597:
547:
533:. SUNY Press. pp. 31–59.
522:
488:
433:
408:
150:under three heads, namely, 1)
1:
364:
328:Vitanda, the wrangling debate
7:
182:(the place of the action),
10:
3551:
495:Karin Preisendanz (2009).
444:. SUNY Press. p. 32.
419:. SUNY Press. p. 31.
344:Debate in Tibetan Buddhism
186:(the time of the action),
3520:Ancient Indian philosophy
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2604:
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2007:
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839:
708:
699:
678:
584:"Tibetan Buddhist Debate"
556:"Tibetan Buddhist Debate"
387:. SUNY Press. p. 2.
2814:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1287:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
20:debates in ancient India
2744:Samkhyapravachana Sutra
1366:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
277:Vada, the honest debate
2480:Early Buddhist schools
1341:Eighteen Greater Texts
223:(peaceful debate) and
3530:Philosophical debates
2094:Hindu gurus and sants
1346:Eighteen Lesser Texts
311:Jalpa, the bad debate
198:(reliable assertion)
2918:Brihadratha Ikshvaku
2755:Sarvadarsanasangraha
2532:Acintya bheda abheda
2084:Anti-Hindu sentiment
315:Jalpa is defined in
2978:Dayananda Saraswati
2552:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2476:Buddhist philosophy
2190:Hinduism by country
1356:Iraiyanar Akapporul
1316:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
215:The examination of
40:corpus of knowledge
2589:Pashupata Shaivism
2419:Pashupata Shaivism
225:vigrihya sambhasha
3535:Religious debates
3502:
3501:
3354:Pratītyasamutpāda
2515:
2514:
2296:Indian philosophy
2262:
2261:
2038:
2037:
1591:
1590:
1384:
1383:
1298:Sangam literature
1254:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
1102:
1101:
918:
917:
350:Tibetan Buddhists
221:anuloma sambhasha
97:sources like the
3542:
3008:Satyakama Jabala
2943:Akshapada Gotama
2893:Gārgī Vāchaknavī
2873:Vāchaspati Misra
2731:Nyayakusumanjali
2665:Bhagavata Purana
2622:Radical Humanism
2594:Shaiva Siddhanta
2363:
2362:
2335:Vedic philosophy
2289:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2131:Pilgrimage sites
1885:Ganesh Chaturthi
1600:
1599:
1395:
1394:
1376:Vedarthasamgraha
1371:Vinayagar Agaval
1336:Five Great Epics
1311:Divya Prabandham
1224:Minor Upanishads
968:
967:
938:
937:
926:
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706:
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467:
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257:literature. The
247:Charaka Samhitha
152:Karyabhinirvrtti
123:Sushruta Samhita
3550:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3324:Parameshashakti
3032:
2968:Ramana Maharshi
2853:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
2831:
2797:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
2771:Tattvacintāmaṇi
2644:Abhinavabharati
2631:
2600:
2574:Sikh Philosophy
2562:Vishishtadvaita
2511:
2430:
2354:
2298:
2293:
2263:
2258:
2225:
2211:
2034:
2003:
1994:Vasant Panchami
1928:Pahela Baishakh
1910:Makar Sankranti
1829:
1764:
1671:
1587:
1490:
1380:
1361:Abhirami Antati
1331:Kamba Ramayanam
1292:
1178:
1135:
1098:
1020:
994:
957:
927:
914:
898:Vishishtadvaita
835:
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613:
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582:Perdue, David.
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554:Perdue, David.
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160:Sambhasha-vidhi
134:Charaka Samhita
119:Charaka Samhita
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2988:Vedanta Desika
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2878:Uddalaka Aruni
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2765:Tarka-Sangraha
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2728:
2723:
2722:
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2716:
2708:Mimamsa Sutras
2704:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2678:Buddhist texts
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2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1858:Raksha Bandhan
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1069:Shvetashvatara
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:Brihadaranyaka
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
944:
942:
941:Classification
935:
929:
928:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
912:
903:
902:
901:
894:
887:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
845:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
780:
779:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
714:
712:
703:
697:
696:
694:
693:
688:
685:
679:
676:
675:
657:
656:
649:
642:
634:
626:
625:
596:
586:. Asia Society
571:
558:. Asia Society
546:
539:
521:
487:
480:
457:
450:
432:
425:
407:
393:
369:
368:
366:
363:
345:
342:
329:
326:
312:
309:
308:
307:
300:
297:
290:
278:
275:
236:
233:
202:(perception),
178:(the effect),
174:(the action),
148:Caraka-samhita
106:
103:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3547:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Parinama-vada
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:Padmasambhāva
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Maṇḍana Miśra
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Abhinavagupta
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2821:Yoga Vasistha
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:All 108 texts
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:Dharmashastra
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2658:Bhagavad Gita
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Integral yoga
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:Shuddhadvaita
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2214:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:Hindu temples
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:Hindu studies
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Denominations
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:Vijayadashami
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Simantonayana
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1281:Yoga Vasistha
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:Bhagavad Gita
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1131:Sthapatyaveda
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
939:
936:
934:
930:
911:
907:
904:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
886:
885:
881:
880:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
850:
847:
846:
844:
842:
838:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
752:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
711:
707:
704:
702:
698:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
677:
671:
667:
663:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
632:
622:
611:
607:
600:
585:
578:
576:
568:
557:
550:
542:
540:9780791437407
536:
532:
525:
509:
505:
498:
491:
483:
481:9788120805651
477:
473:
466:
464:
462:
453:
451:9780791437407
447:
443:
436:
428:
426:9780791437407
422:
418:
411:
396:
394:9780791437407
390:
383:
382:
374:
370:
362:
358:
355:
351:
341:
339:
335:
325:
323:
318:
305:
301:
298:
295:
291:
288:
284:
283:
282:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
208:(inference),
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:philosophical
29:
25:
21:
16:
3429:Iccha-mrityu
3394:Satkaryavada
3294:Nididhyasana
3279:Matsya Nyaya
3013:Madhvacharya
2843:Adi Shankara
2836:Philosophers
2819:
2812:
2795:
2776:
2769:
2760:Shiva Sutras
2750:Sangam texts
2742:
2735:
2726:Nyāya Sūtras
2706:
2699:
2682:
2672:Brahma Sutra
2671:
2663:
2656:
2651:Arthashastra
2649:
2642:
2584:Pratyabhijna
2464:Anekantavada
2205:Architecture
1808:Brahmacharya
1750:Samavartanam
1715:Annaprashana
1581:
1484:
1285:
1239:Dharmaśāstra
1229:Arthashastra
1064:Maitrayaniya
896:
889:
882:
804:Brahmacharya
620:
614:. Retrieved
610:Tricycle.org
609:
599:
588:. Retrieved
566:
560:. Retrieved
549:
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524:
512:. Retrieved
510:(2): 261–312
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139:Vimanasthana
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38:issues. The
34:, moral and
19:
17:
15:
3474:Vivartavada
3364:Rājamaṇḍala
3319:Paramananda
3119:Apauruṣheyā
3114:Anupalabdhi
2973:Vivekananda
2938:Dharmakirti
2898:Buddhaghosa
2888:Yājñavalkya
2695:Jain Agamas
2690:Hindu texts
2569:Navya-Nyāya
2505:Svatantrika
2500:Sautrāntika
2389:Vaisheshika
2254:WikiProject
2126:Persecution
2114:Nationalism
2104:Iconography
1984:Ratha Yatra
1895:Janmashtami
1890:Rama Navami
1818:Vanaprastha
1769:Varnashrama
1745:Ritushuddhi
1730:Vidyarambha
1720:Chudakarana
1710:Nishkramana
1685:Garbhadhana
1326:Thirukkural
1321:Thiruppugal
1249:Nāradasmṛti
1212:Mahabharata
990:Atharvaveda
868:Vaisheshika
755:Puruṣārthas
514:27 November
400:27 November
259:Nyayasutras
249:. The term
242:Nyayasutras
229:respondents
176:Karya-phala
99:Kathavatthu
68:King Janaka
60:King Janaka
3509:Categories
3424:Svātantrya
3314:Paramatman
3269:Kshetrajna
3244:Ishvaratva
3184:Cittabhumi
3179:Chidabhasa
3129:Asiddhatva
3049:Abhasavada
3023:Guru Nanak
2958:Vasubandhu
2784:Upanishads
2778:Tirukkuṟaḷ
2737:Panchadasi
2542:Bhedabheda
2490:Madhyamaka
2330:Monotheism
1955:Kumbh Mela
1923:Gudi Padwa
1868:Durga Puja
1853:Shivaratri
1725:Karnavedha
1705:Namakarana
1667:Tirthatana
1434:Dattatreya
1271:Subhashita
1244:Manusmriti
1121:Dhanurveda
1054:Taittiriya
1039:Kaushitaki
1026:Upanishads
799:Aparigraha
701:Philosophy
616:2021-02-07
612:. Trycicle
590:2021-02-07
562:2021-02-07
365:References
334:Nyayasutra
317:Nyayasutra
287:refutation
217:vada-vidhi
196:aptopadesa
164:vada-vidhi
70:'s court.
3284:Mithyatva
3174:Chaitanya
3169:Catuṣkoṭi
3134:Asatkalpa
3109:Anavastha
3084:Aishvarya
3003:Sakayanya
2998:Sadananda
2963:Gaudapada
2948:Nagarjuna
2903:Patañjali
2719:Principal
2701:Kamasutra
2495:Yogachara
2414:Raseśvara
2178:Theosophy
2109:Mythology
2089:Criticism
2057:Etymology
2015:Svādhyāya
1914:New Year
1863:Navaratri
1835:Festivals
1813:Grihastha
1786:Kshatriya
1760:Antyeshti
1735:Upanayana
1700:Jatakarma
1690:Pumsavana
1677:Sanskaras
1642:Naivedhya
1596:Practices
1541:Mahavidya
1509:Saraswati
1496:Goddesses
1454:Kartikeya
1351:Athichudi
1306:Tirumurai
1159:Vyākaraṇa
1126:Natyaveda
1074:Chandogya
999:Divisions
980:Yajurveda
338:wrangling
322:quibbling
200:pratyaksa
144:pathology
117:, namely
75:Upanisads
56:Upsanisad
48:antiquity
44:vādavidyā
36:doctrinal
28:patronage
3449:Tanmatra
3444:Tajjalan
3434:Syādvāda
3334:Pradhana
3309:Padārtha
3274:Lakshana
3219:Ekagrata
3064:Adrishta
3059:Adarsana
3037:Concepts
3018:Mahavira
2983:Ramanuja
2933:Chanakya
2868:Avatsara
2863:Valluvar
2803:Vedangas
2617:Gandhism
2520:Medieval
2469:Syādvāda
2454:Charvaka
2426:Pāṇiniya
2320:Idealism
2234:Category
2185:Glossary
2153:Buddhism
2119:Hindutva
2079:Calendar
1960:Haridwar
1938:Vaisakhi
1933:Puthandu
1823:Sannyasa
1740:Keshanta
1571:Shashthi
1407:Trimurti
1234:Nitisara
1207:Ramayana
1202:Itihasas
1174:Jyotisha
1116:Ayurveda
1108:Upavedas
1089:Mandukya
1034:Aitareya
1016:Aranyaka
1011:Brahmana
985:Samaveda
910:Charvaka
710:Concepts
691:Timeline
683:Glossary
666:Hinduism
294:doctrine
188:Pravrtti
115:Ayurveda
111:Sanskrit
91:Buddhist
87:Sanskrit
83:Mahavira
52:Buddhist
22:. These
3494:More...
3464:Upekkhā
3459:Uparati
3439:Taijasa
3414:Śūnyatā
3384:Saṃsāra
3379:Samadhi
3344:Prakṛti
3299:Nirvāṇa
3249:Jivatva
3239:Ikshana
3194:Devatas
3164:Bhumika
3154:Brahman
3144:Avyakta
3089:Akrodha
3069:Advaita
3028:More...
2923:Jaimini
2827:More...
2537:Advaita
2527:Vedanta
2485:Śūnyatā
2444:Ājīvika
2436:Nāstika
2404:Vedanta
2399:Mīmāṃsā
2379:Samkhya
2359:Ancient
2315:Atomism
2310:Atheism
2223:Outline
2173:Sikhism
2168:Judaism
2163:Jainism
2044:Related
2020:Namaste
1873:Ramlila
1803:Ashrama
1791:Vaishya
1781:Brahmin
1604:Worship
1556:Rukmini
1546:Matrika
1519:Parvati
1514:Lakshmi
1504:Tridevi
1459:Krishna
1444:Hanuman
1439:Ganesha
1390:Deities
1276:Tantras
1266:Stotras
1219:Puranas
1164:Nirukta
1154:Chandas
1149:Shiksha
1141:Vedanga
1094:Prashna
1084:Mundaka
1006:Samhita
975:Rigveda
906:Nāstika
891:Advaita
878:Vedanta
873:Mīmāṃsā
853:Samkhya
841:Schools
829:Akrodha
748:Saṃsāra
728:Ishvara
718:Brahman
271:vitanda
205:anumana
192:Pariksa
156:Pariksa
24:debates
3469:Utsaha
3419:Sutram
3409:Sthiti
3404:Sphoṭa
3374:Sakshi
3359:Puruṣa
3339:Prajna
3304:Niyama
3264:Kasaya
3209:Dravya
3199:Dharma
3159:Bhuman
3149:Bhrama
3104:Ananta
3099:Anatta
3094:Aksara
3079:Ahimsa
3054:Abheda
3044:Abhava
2993:Raikva
2913:Kapila
2908:Kanada
2605:Modern
2579:Shaiva
2547:Dvaita
2449:Ajñana
2409:Shaiva
2367:Āstika
2350:Moksha
2303:Topics
2244:Portal
2148:Baháʼí
2052:Hindus
2030:Tilaka
1999:Others
1975:Ujjain
1970:Prayag
1965:Nashik
1905:Pongal
1843:Diwali
1796:Shudra
1755:Vivaha
1662:Dhyāna
1637:Bhajan
1627:Bhakti
1612:Temple
1566:Shakti
1474:Varuna
1417:Vishnu
1412:Brahma
1261:Sutras
1197:Agamas
953:Smriti
884:Dvaita
849:Āstika
794:Asteya
789:Ahimsa
775:Moksha
760:Dharma
673:topics
537:
478:
448:
423:
391:
304:thesis
269:, and
168:Karana
79:Buddha
3525:Nyaya
3484:Yamas
3479:Viraj
3454:Tyāga
3389:Satya
3289:Mokṣa
3259:Karma
3214:Dhrti
3139:Ātman
3124:Artha
2928:Vyasa
2808:Vedas
2789:Minor
2636:Texts
2384:Nyaya
2375:Hindu
2345:Artha
2325:Logic
2158:Islam
2136:India
2025:Bindi
2008:Other
1948:Ugadi
1943:Vishu
1776:Varna
1657:Tapas
1647:Yajna
1617:Murti
1551:Radha
1531:Durga
1526:Bhumi
1469:Surya
1449:Indra
1422:Shiva
1184:Other
1169:Kalpa
1059:Katha
963:Vedas
948:Śruti
933:Texts
863:Nyaya
819:Damah
809:Satya
765:Artha
743:Karma
733:Atman
687:Index
500:(PDF)
385:(PDF)
354:Monks
267:jalpa
255:Nyaya
251:katha
210:yukti
172:Karya
162:, or
130:Hindu
64:Gargi
3489:Yoga
3254:Kama
3234:Idam
3229:Hitā
3224:Guṇa
3189:Dāna
3074:Aham
2478:and
2459:Jain
2394:Yoga
2340:Kama
2200:List
2062:List
1989:Teej
1918:Bihu
1900:Onam
1848:Holi
1652:Homa
1632:Japa
1622:Puja
1582:more
1576:Sita
1561:Sati
1536:Kali
1485:more
1479:Vayu
1464:Rama
1429:Agni
1399:Gods
1079:Kena
1049:Isha
858:Yoga
824:Dayā
814:Dāna
784:Niti
770:Kama
738:Maya
535:ISBN
516:2016
476:ISBN
446:ISBN
421:ISBN
402:2016
389:ISBN
263:vada
239:The
184:Kala
180:Desa
121:and
95:Pali
3369:Ṛta
3204:Dhi
2074:Law
3511::
2377::
908::
851::
723:Om
619:.
608:.
574:^
565:.
508:44
506:.
502:.
460:^
352:.
265:,
125:.
101:.
81:,
2288:e
2281:t
2274:v
653:e
646:t
639:v
593:.
543:.
518:.
484:.
454:.
429:.
404:.
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