312:(HIQA) conducted an investigation. Both criticized the team for not diagnosing the sepsis soon enough and for not using already-standard screening tools for detecting and managing maternal sepsis, and for poor keeping of medical records, poor communication at shift changes, and failure to notify staff with needed expertise, and criticized the administration of the hospital for the poor system in which the team failed. They made recommendations about training and policies for the hospital locally along with a number of national recommendations, including the creation of a laboratory system to coordinate a national response to emerging
575:
40:
1321:. Waters had said that to claim the refusal of an abortion had caused Halappanavar's death was "a lie that resulted in the journalist who started the lie getting multiple awards from her colleagues". Waters argued in court that 'he was not saying Ms Holland lied but that she was the "initiator of a process" that "at some indeterminate point along its trajectory became a lie"', and that she had been "badly served" by her editors. The judge ruled Waters' words were "a serious attack on professional integrity".
628:
1154:
may be that clinical practice in other jurisdictions would have led to an early termination of pregnancy in equivalent clinical circumstances. It is recommended that such guidelines be developed for such patients as a matter of urgency and they should be explicit in the guidance given as to when one should offer termination based on symptoms and signs of infection implying increasing health risk to the mother which may even threaten her life.
538:
into
Halappanavar's death must stand up to international scrutiny. On 18 December, after a panel of experts submitted its report to the parliament recommending that "the government legislate the issue in order to clarify what the current laws actually do and do not permit", Reilly stated, "We will clarify in legislation and regulation what is available by way of treatment to a woman when a pregnancy gives rise to a threat to a woman's life."
946:
1060:) said, "The death of Savita Halappanavar should be pursued by family and Govt. of India as a case of human rights violation and murder. Instead of simply protesting, cases should be filed against the Govt. of Ireland and its leadership at the International Court of justice and United Nations Commission for Human Rights (UNHCR). This should move beyond protesting to where people are brought to account!"
496:
disappointing that, 20 years after the 'X-Case', we don't have legislation" and that women "need to know that they are going to get the appropriate health care that they need" while doctors "need to know that they are also protected in their ability to do their job". Peter Boylan, of the Irish
Institute of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, said: "The current situation is like a
1118:
It made six recommendations for improvements in patient care in such situations. Most recommendations called for improvements in healthcare guidelines, training and practices, and one recommendation called for legislative changes if necessary to allow for expediting delivery for clinical purposes. Additionally, it made three recommendations to address incidental factors.
1328:, with her father saying, "I hope the people of Ireland will vote yes for abortion, for the ladies of Ireland and the people of Ireland. My daughter, she lost her life because of this abortion law, because of the diagnosis, and she could not have an abortion. She died." On 25 May 2018, the people of Ireland voted Yes to repeal the Eighth Amendment by a margin of 2 to 1.
1184:
percent, associated with this. These guidelines should include the same emphases as those for infection and pregnancy listed in recommendation 3. The panel recommended such guidelines should include guidelines relating to expediting delivery for clinical reasons, including "medical and surgical termination" based on the expertise available and legal feasibility.
1002:, said that there was no evidence to indicate that "a Catholic ethos" prevented responsible treatment of the mother, and called news reports that that was the case "demonizing the Church's position on abortion". He described the debate resulting from the event as "activism masquerading as compassion and moral outrage".
335:), terminations are allowed where "a pregnant woman's life is at risk because of pregnancy, including the risk of suicide". However at the time of Halappanavar's death, there was legal uncertainty regarding the precise circumstances when this exception was allowed, as the matter had not been enacted in legislation.
1750:"Investigation into the safety, quality and standards of services provided by the Health Service Executive to patients, including pregnant women, at risk of clinical deterioration, including those provided in University Hospital Galway, and as reflected in the care and treatment provided to Savita Halappanavar"
555:, said that Galway University Hospital had carried out terminations in recent years in accordance with the judgement in the X Case and the guidelines of the Irish Medical Council. He said that the University Hospital was not run or managed by any (Catholic) religious orders and did not have a "Catholic ethos".
1146:
Gynaecologists Green-top guidelines ... . The patient was commenced on erythromycin at 22.00hrs on the 22nd of
October. ... Erythromycin has also been shown to delay delivery which is beneficial in the management of preterm pre-labour rupture of the membranes but not in cases of inevitable miscarriage. ... .
1193:
The panel recommended improved communication practices between all relevant staff, and improvements in handover of acutely ill patients. Additionally, definitive tools for clearly communicating information relating to the deterioration of a woman's condition, consultation and/or handover to a higher
1153:
There are no accepted clear local, national or international guidelines on the management of inevitable early second trimester miscarriage (i.e. less than 24 weeks) including the management of miscarriage where there is prolonged rupture of the membranes. The reason for the absence of such guidelines
1104:
On 20 November 2012, three members of the panel were asked to step down when Savita
Halappanavar's husband, Praveen Halappanavar, indicated that he would not cooperate with the panel due to their connections as consultants to University Hospital. Arulkumaran requested a meeting with Mr. Halappanavar.
614:
titled "Yes, Savita
Halappanavar's Death IS a Political Issue" in which she stated, "If I am ever a victim of an unjust legal discrepancy that infringes my human rights and leads to my untimely and unnecessary agonising death I want every man, woman and child on the streets immediately demanding that
475:
On Monday 19 November, the Roman
Catholic bishops of Ireland met in response to Halappanavar's death and released a statement that the Catholic Church believes in the "equal and inalienable right to life of a mother and her unborn child" and that the Church has never taught that the life of an unborn
1187:
Clear statement of the legal context in which clinical professional judgement can be exercised in the best medical welfare interests of patients. The
Oireachtas should consider the law including any necessary constitutional change and related administrative, legal and clinical guidelines in relation
1117:
The
Arulkumaran report was published on 13 June 2013. It identified three "Key Causal Factors" for the death: inadequate assessment and monitoring; failure to offer all management options to a patient; and non-adherence to clinical guidelines related to the prompt and effective management of sepsis.
585:
campaigners highlighted at the time that the lack of legislation clarifying the limited circumstances in which abortion is legal in
Ireland contributed to Halappanavar's death. Several rallies and vigils were organised nationwide, calling for the Irish government to legislate in relation to abortion
495:
physician, said that current standards of care were legally unclear, saying, "We really do need legislation in this area, otherwise we're going to be at risk of doctors working outside the law, and that's not appropriate." Dr Rhona Mahony, Master of the
National Maternity Hospital, said: "It is very
1149:
The appropriate management of spontaneous rupture of the membranes in cases of inevitable miscarriage where infection is a possible underlying cause is somewhat different to the appropriate management of Preterm Pre-labour Rupture of the Membranes where the incidence of infection at presentation is
1069:
said, "There appears to be a tendency to view this issue in terms of India versus Ireland or the Catholic faith against other religions. To fall prey to such tendencies would be a serious mistake and a great disservice to the memory of Savita. ... Adding a nationalist or communal tone to the debate
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rejected claims that Ireland's abortion laws led to Halappanavar's death, writing that "medical experts and bioethicists have been quick to express their view that Ireland's ban on abortion had nothing to do with Mrs. Halappanavar's death. They insist that guidelines from the Irish Medical Council
1197:
Compliance of guidelines on the consultants' responsibilities, according to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, "Responsibility of the consultant on call" (RCOG Good Practice No. 8 - March 2009). These indicate the need to involve senior medical staff due to difficulty coping
537:
said that the public must not pre-judge the situation and that he was awaiting the results of the investigations, adding he had no evidence of a "Catholic ethos" at the University Hospital that prevented Halappanavar's life from being saved by a medical termination. He also stated that an inquiry
1282:
On 20 September 2013, Praveen Halappanavar's solicitor served legal proceedings against Galway University Hospital and separately against Doctor Katherine Astbury. The proceedings claim that Halappanavar's constitutional right to life had been breached and allege 30 issues of medical negligence.
1176:
Development and implementation of national guidelines relating to infection and pregnancy, in addition to multidisciplinary educational programmes to improve care in such cases. In particular, there needs to be audited compliance with guidelines on management of infection, sepsis, and suspected
1145:
Rupture of membranes may be caused by infection and vomiting indicates that the patient was unwell increasing the possibility of infection becoming systemic to causing sepsis. At interview, clinicians indicated that their management decisions were guided by the Royal College of Obstetricians and
1126:
The report indicates the first key causal factor was inadequate assessment and monitoring which would have allowed medical staff to recognise and respond to indicators that the infection was causing a deterioration in Halappanavar's condition. Additionally, staff failed to devise a plan of care
471:
to demand a change in the law, with other rallies across Ireland and many other countries. The Gardaí announced that they were assisting the coroner in the investigation. Medical terminations had previously been performed at the University Hospital when complications arose in pregnancy, as it is
1183:
Compliance with guidelines on the management of early second trimester inevitable miscarriage. This should recognise possible rapid patient deterioration, possibly within a few hours, from sepsis to severe sepsis to septic shock. It should also recognise the high mortality rate, of up to 60
1134:
The second factor was the hospital's failure to offer all management options to the patient. The panel points out that the patient was "experiencing inevitable miscarriage of an early second trimester pregnancy where the risk to the mother increased with time from the time that membranes were
565:
said that Halappanavar's death was tragic and harrowing. Martin said that Ireland had always prioritised a low death rate during pregnancy, but that this was "cold comfort" to Halappanavar and her surviving family. He called for an independent inquiry with experts from outside the country to
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Prompt introduction of a Maternity Early Warning Scoring Systems Chart for patients with pregnancy complications in gynaecology wards. This should be followed by a compliance audit. The chart should indicate a monitoring coupled with an escalating nursing, medical and multidisciplinary
266:
after complaining of back pain, but was soon discharged without a diagnosis. She returned to the hospital later that day, this time complaining of lower pressure, a sensation she described as feeling "something coming down", and a subsequent examination found that the
283:
with her consulting physician but her request was promptly refused, as Irish law at that time forbade abortion if a foetal heartbeat was still present, with her midwife furthermore stating that "Ireland is a Catholic country". Afterwards, Halappanavar developed
1076:
stated that Halappanavar's death "illustrates gap in Irish law" and asked the government of Ireland to change the law on abortion "in line with international human rights laws". The executive director of Amnesty International in Ireland,
1198:
with case load, or to consult on suspected serious cases. Midwives and nurses should be able to obtain help from senior nurse midwifery managers or the director of nursing on duty, and need to be able to contact the consultant if needed.
338:
On 3 November 2012, friends and family of the Halappanavars contacted local abortion rights groups (Galway Pro-Choice) to find out what they could do, with dozens meeting in person on the 6th. Galway Pro-Choice put them in contact with
600:(2010) that the Republic of Ireland had violated the Convention by failing to provide an accessible and effective procedure by which a woman can have established whether she qualifies for a legal abortion under current Irish law.
1286:
By May 2014, Praveen Halappanavar had emigrated from Ireland to the United States. On 10 March 2016, Praveen Halappanavar settled the case with the HSE, after the HSE agreed to a confidential, six-figure cash settlement.
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sepsis in cases of inevitable miscarriage of an early second trimester pregnancy. This includes when there is a prolonged rupture of membranes, and increasing time from this point increases the risk to the mother.
1127:
recognising that (1) the infection was the most likely cause of the patient's miscarriage, and (2) with increase in time following admission, and the rupture of the patient's membranes, the risk of infection and
417:
in Dublin. In addition, candle-light vigils were held in Cork and Belfast the following day. The evening before the news story broke, the government's expert committee on abortion had handed in its report on the
447:
to start an external enquiry. There were also calls for a change in the law, as the legislation in effect at the time was an Act of the British Parliament of 1861 – when Ireland was part of the
1081:, said that "successive Irish Governments have failed in their duty to provide necessary clarity on how this right is protected and vindicated, leaving women in Ireland in a very vulnerable position."
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after her request for an abortion after a prolonged miscarriage was denied on legal grounds. In the wake of a nationwide outcry over her death, Irish voters passed in a landslide the
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The staff of University Hospital as well as members of Ireland's Health Services Executive (HSE) Regional Health Forum stated that there is no "Catholic ethos" affecting treatment.
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The panel found that hospital staff failed to adhere to clinical guidelines on severe sepsis and septic shock, calling for timely and effective management after first diagnosis.
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Introduction of mandatory induction and education on early recognition, monitoring and management of infection and sepsis. This includes severe sepsis and septic shock.
974:
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246:
1653:"Investigation of Incident 50278 from time of patient's self referral to hospital on the 21st of October 2012 to the patient's death on the 28th of October, 2012"
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1219:(HIQA) published a report into the incident on 9 October 2013. It found "following the rupture of her membranes, four-hourly observations including temperature,
319:
The law in force at the time stated that the act of abortion, where continuing the pregnancy posed no immediate physiological threat to the woman's life, was a
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hanging over us. If we do something with a good intention, but it turns out to be illegal, the consequences are extremely serious for medical practitioners."
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positive gram negative bacteria (ESBL), which "are now spreading rapidly within the Irish population" and are resistant to many known antibiotic treatments.
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did not appear to have been carried out at the required intervals", noting "that though UHG had a guideline in place for the management of suspected
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journalist Kitty Holland on 7 November. Abortion rights groups then organised on the Irish Choice Network (ICN) email group before the story broke.
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reported that the University Hospital was the subject of several investigations. Halappanavar had been one of the organisers of the annual Galway
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Irish Choice Network allegedly emailed members, calling for an emergency meeting to discuss how to proceed with this "major news story".
449:
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In 2017, Arulkumaran commented that a significant contributing factor to Halappanavar's death was Ireland's restrictive abortion laws.
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The Life Institute in Ireland accused "abortion campaigners" of exploiting Halappanavar's death to further the abortion rights agenda.
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960:
818:
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and sepsis in obstetric care, the clinical governance arrangements were "not robust enough to ensure adherence to this guideline".
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309:
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We recognise that such guidelines must be consistent with applicable law and that the guidance so urged may require legal change.
1767:"Press release: Patient Safety Investigation Report published by Health Information and Quality Authority (Savita Halappanavar)"
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2624:
2542:
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are perfectly clear that pregnant women must be given all necessary medical treatment." Father Shenan J. Boquet, president of
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recalled the Indian ambassador to Ireland, Debashish Chakravarti, for deliberations over the issue. Chakravarti later met
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Partly in response to the protest movement after the death of Savita Halappanavar, the Irish government introduced the
860:
552:
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774:
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On 14 November, more than 2,000 people gathered in her memory to protest against Ireland's abortion laws outside the
2084:"Savita Halappanavar: Husband claims pregnant wife would still be alive if doctors hadn't 'refused' her an abortion"
1109:
reported that Arulkumaran was being accused of promoting a "pro-abortion" approach in papers that he had published.
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establish the full circumstances. On 17 November he said that "legislating for the X Case would not have stopped ".
990:
865:
512:
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534:
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1966:
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case. Campaigners argued that legislation remained outstanding at the time of Halappanavar's death despite the
276:
2519:
2114:"Husband: Ireland hospital denied Savita Halappanavar life saving abortion because it is a 'Catholic country'"
1093:
to head a seven-member panel looking into the case. Arulkumaran was the head of obstetrics and gynaecology at
3976:
3734:
1477:"Emma Watson Pens Powerful Letter To Savita Halappanavar, Who Died After Being Denied An Abortion in Ireland"
1290:
Abortion law continued to be an issue of heated political debate. In 2016-17 the Irish government convened a
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226:
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1944:
452: – which declared that it was unlawful to "procure a miscarriage". On 16 November, the Irish
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3156:
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2717:
2217:
2185:
2153:
350:
2239:
3423:"Kitty Holland tells judge that John Waters's letter was 'quite the assault on me and The Irish Times'"
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stated, "I don't think we should say anything about this until we are in possession of all the facts."
263:
1101:. The panel sought to uncover all the facts and "to identify any safety issues arising in this case".
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803:
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that the "main problem is being missed" in the case, suggesting that the real issue may be that the
3729:
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1678:
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463:(Ireland's national police) estimated that between ten and twelve thousand protesters marched from
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313:
305:
1499:"Changes in the abortion legislation in Ireland: The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013"
3815:
3449:"John Waters claims he faces 'ruination' should he lose defamation action taken by Kitty Holland"
1302:
813:
708:
316:. The HSE also recommended changes to the legal situation and training of doctors about the law.
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2797:
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Pro-choice campaigners holding a rally in remembrance of Halappanavar in Dublin in November 2012
218:
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level of care, according to 'Improving patient handover – RCOG Good Practice No 12' (Dec 2010).
1141:
In reviewing the care given to Halappanavar in light of clinical guidelines, the panel wrote:
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950:
808:
3502:
606:
In response to critics accusing abortion rights activists of exploiting Halappanavar's death,
3662:
1073:
716:
2979:. 19 November 2012. pp. direct quote is from the video, at approx 1 min. Archived from
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established an independent inquiry into the circumstances surrounding Halappanavar's death.
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1276:
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886:
855:
764:
596:
420:
301:
3397:"Kitty Holland wins defamation case against John Waters and is awarded €35,000 in damages"
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1997:
8:
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to the management of inevitable miscarriage in the early second trimester of a pregnancy.
1057:
1048:, and promised to keep Halappanavar's husband up to date with the government's response.
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Halappanavar's death became public knowledge on 13 November 2012 when the TV programme
49:
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but did not expel the fetus. The following day, on 23 October, Halappanavar discussed
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was protruding from her body. She was admitted to hospital, as it was determined that
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1674:"HSE publishes Report of the Investigation into the death of Ms. Savita Halappanavar"
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497:
360:
324:
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39:
3825:
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2710:"Human Life International Statement on the Death of Savita Halappanavar in Ireland"
2121:
1597:
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1078:
850:
845:
830:
726:
679:
607:
3063:"Author of Savita Halappanavar report says 8th Amendment contributed to her death"
2852:"Salman Khurshid closely following developments in Savita Halappanavar death case"
673:
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was unavoidable, and several hours later, just after midnight on 22 October, her
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2772:"Vigil for Savita and Protest at Ireland's Abortion ban, Irish Embassy, Berlin"
2240:"Treatment that risks foetus can be 'ethically permissible' – Catholic bishops"
1348:
1324:
On 20 May 2018, the parents of Halappanavar called for a Yes vote in Ireland's
1228:
468:
464:
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judgement to the Department of Health. Halappanavar's death led to protests in
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had planned for the next day. This resulted in the news being disseminated on
3940:
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3840:
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3106:
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2802:
2429:"Reilly: No evidence Catholic ethos prevented Savita's life from being saved"
2065:"Savita Halappanavar 'would still be alive if she had been treated in India'"
1970:
1722:
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1524:
1451:
1037:
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having instructed the state to clarify its laws on abortion after finding in
369:
3102:"This shocking graph shows 13 'missed opportunities' in treatment of Savita"
2740:"Up to 70 people also protested outside the Irish embassy in Berlin tonight"
1699:"Midwife confirms she told Savita Halappanavar Ireland a 'Catholic country'"
1582:""The Enemy of the Good": Reflections on Ireland's New Abortion Legislation"
1515:
1498:
1440:"How Savita Halappanavar's Death Spurred Ireland's Abortion Rights Campaign"
3905:
3850:
3774:
2880:"State take up her cause: CM Shettar Says Humanity Should Precede Legality"
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931:
400:
388:
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627:
262:
On 21 October 2012, Halappanavar, then 17 weeks pregnant, was examined at
3860:
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1967:"'Over 2,000' attend sit-down protest for Halappanavar at Leinster House"
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1926:
1718:"Savita inquest: The coroner's nine recommendations endorsed by the jury"
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272:
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After her death, a coroner's inquest was held, finding that she died of
1264:
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242:
2295:"We absolutely need legislation – Rotunda Master Dr Sam Coulter-Smith"
1923:
1818:"Savita's death is not about abortion, it is about medical negligence"
3696:
3161:
3133:
1546:
McDonald, Henry; Graham-Harrison, Emma; Baker, Sinead (26 May 2018).
1353:
1224:
661:
545:
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444:
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2826:"Savita death case: MEA summons Irish envoy after row over abortion"
2483:"Ireland's Historic Abortion Shift and the Tragedy That Shadowed It"
569:
1019:
945:
377:
280:
75:
16:
Woman who died from sepsis from being denied an abortion in Ireland
3669:
Services outside the State for Termination of Pregnancies Act 1995
618:
2833:
1314:
365:
151:
114:
3475:"Savita's father calls for repeal as campaigns target undecided"
3081:"Damning Savita report details litany of hospital care failures"
1998:"Woman dies after abortion request 'refused' at Galway hospital"
1202:
414:
3915:
3673:
2508:
Cullen, Paul; Holland, Kitty; McGee, Harry (16 November 2012).
2455:"Video: Probe must stand up to international scrutiny - Reilly"
2377:"Savita's death may have been due to resistant bacteria strain"
1232:
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1070:
detracts from the merit of argument rather than enhancing it."
1015:
1011:
587:
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437:
425:
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2358:"Inquiry Sought in Death in Ireland After Abortion Was Denied"
2042:"Taoiseach: Expert group delivered abortion report last night"
1650:
1503:
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
2568:"'Termination would have saved Savita' – heartbroken husband"
2331:"Maternity hospital chief: Women and doctors need protection"
2144:"HSE still finalising details of Savita Halappanavar inquiry"
1310:
1306:
1026:
1545:
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3516:
3294:"Savita Halappanavar: Husband's action for damages settled"
2297:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 15 November 2012. Archived from
2200:
1755:. Health Information and Quality Authority. 7 October 2013.
3121:
2946:"Irish Government must clarify on abortion issue: Amnesty"
2305:
1833:"Global observers horrified and bewildered by Savita case"
2510:"Too soon to commit on abortion legislation, says Reilly"
245:
parliament to make abortion legal. It did so through the
3589:
Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018
3367:"Waters ordered to pay full legal costs in Holland case"
2543:"Law on X Case would not have saved Savita, says Martin"
440:
festival, which was cancelled in response to her death.
3770:
Migrants and Ethnic-minorities for Reproductive Justice
3563:
2625:"Yes, Savita Halappanavar's Death IS a Political Issue"
2403:"Enda Kenny wants 'all the facts' before Savita action"
1860:"Galway Pro Choice Were Approached by Savita's Friends"
225:; 9 September 1981 – 28 October 2012) was a dentist of
2208:"Gardaí assisting coroner in Savita Halappanavar case"
1099:
International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
479:
472:
permitted by Irish law to save the life of the woman.
3240:"Halappanavar begins action against hospital, doctor"
2971:"HSE unveils membership of Halappanavar inquiry team"
1862:. Galway Pro-Choice. 21 November 2012. Archived from
1249:
Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
503:
Microbiologist James Clair stated in a letter to the
3646:
Twenty-fifth Amendment (Remove risk of suicide etc.)
2943:
2684:"After Tragedy, Irish Abortion Laws Come Under Fire"
44:
Halappanavar, featured in a campaign supporting the
3623:
Thirty-sixth Amendment (Repeal of Eighth Amendment)
3349:"Settlement reportedly made over Halappanavar case"
3214:"Savita's husband to sue her doctor for negligence"
3036:"Probe into Savita shambles goes from bad to worse"
2176:"Thousands attend Savita vigils around the country"
1309:conference resulted in Kitty Holland suing him for
1150:
lower and the survival of the fetus is more likely.
1010:There were protests outside the Irish embassies in
247:
Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act
3322:"Savita Halappanavar case settled for six figures"
3266:"Tragic Savita's husband quits Ireland for the US"
3034:O'Regan, Eilish; Harkin, Greg (21 November 2012).
2597:"Pro-choice activists got tip-off on tragic death"
2507:
1911:"Pro-choice activists got tip-off on tragic death"
288:and, despite doctors' efforts to treat her, had a
3033:
1903:
1852:
1809:
1548:"Ireland votes by landslide to legalise abortion"
1089:On 19 November 2012, the HSE named Professor Sir
570:Response of abortion rights organisations in 2012
3938:
3390:
3388:
3185:"President Higgins signs abortion bill into law"
3003:"HSE announces Savita inquiry team replacements"
2622:
1496:
1326:referendum on the repeal of the Eighth Amendment
1409:"A year since the death of Savita Halappanavar"
1163:
619:Response of anti-abortion organisations in 2012
2701:
893:A Catholic Statement on Pluralism and Abortion
3992:Political scandals in the Republic of Ireland
3549:
3385:
3231:
2790:
1715:
1682:(Press release). 13 June 2013. Archived from
1376:
1374:
1203:Subsequent comments by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran
968:
518:
292:at 1:09 AM on 28 October, and died, aged 31.
3584:Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
3205:
2836:, IBN Live. 16 November 2012. Archived from
1651:External Independent Committee (June 2013).
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1256:Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
1245:Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
615:it never, ever be allowed to happen again."
162:Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
3987:Medical scandals in the Republic of Ireland
3962:Deaths by person in the Republic of Ireland
3177:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1497:Burrell, Celia; Griffiths, Malcolm (2017).
3640:Twelfth Amendment (Remove risk of suicide)
3556:
3542:
2939:
2937:
2732:
1878:
1789:"Most TDs will back legislation on X Case"
1371:
975:
961:
235:Thirty-Sixth Amendment of the Constitution
38:
3149:
2944:Press Trust of India (17 November 2012).
2764:
2651:"Lobby group accused of exploiting death"
2368:
2260:
2254:
2016:
1935:"Savita story resonates around the world"
1514:
1005:
3514:collected video, news and commentary at
3505:collected video, news and commentary at
3263:
3212:Crawford, Caroline (22 September 2013).
3211:
3027:
2395:
2062:
2024:"Belfast vigil held in memory of Savita"
1932:
1737:
1615:
1433:
1431:
1331:On 30 September 2018, an open letter by
1217:Health Information and Quality Authority
573:
476:child takes precedence over the mother.
310:Health Information and Quality Authority
3472:
3420:
3319:
3291:
3237:
3157:"Ireland performs first legal abortion"
2963:
2934:
2902:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1887:Savita: The Tragedy that Shook a Nation
1884:
1830:
1579:
1406:
1380:
376:, and coverage by publications such as
3939:
2708:Boquet, Shenan J. (15 November 2012).
2707:
2616:
2594:
2540:
2108:
2106:
1696:
1573:
1470:
1468:
1437:
1383:"Savita Halappanavar: the early years"
3537:
3446:
2681:
2648:
2623:Kate Smurthwaite (15 November 2012).
2374:
2355:
2263:"Catholic ethos suggestion dismissed"
2075:
1815:
1769:(Press release). HIQA. 9 October 2013
1428:
1121:
1112:
1063:In an editorial on 17 November 2012,
217:
3579:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
3238:Holland, Kitty (21 September 2013).
3099:
2081:
2063:McDonald, Henry (16 November 2012).
2044:. Breaking News.ie. 14 November 2012
1985:
1474:
1313:, and in 2024 being awarded €35,000
257:
3957:Abortion in the Republic of Ireland
3565:Abortion in the Republic of Ireland
2844:
2682:Kelly, Michael (15 November 2012).
2595:Reilly, Jerome (18 November 2012).
2541:Murphy, Cormac (15 November 2012).
2356:Dalby, Douglas (22 November 2012).
2261:Humphreys, Joe (16 November 2012).
2103:
1816:White, Victoria (31 October 2013).
1716:O'Carroll, Sinead (19 April 2013).
1475:Barr, Sabrina (30 September 2018).
1465:
1095:St George's Hospital Medical School
1084:
667:Eucharist denial or excommunication
480:Response from the medical community
13:
3967:Deaths from multiple organ failure
3836:Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference
3617:Fourteenth Amendment (Information)
3011:. 21 November 2012. Archived from
2918:. 17 November 2012. Archived from
2886:. 17 November 2012. Archived from
2748:. 21 November 2012. Archived from
2216:. 17 November 2012. Archived from
2184:. 17 November 2012. Archived from
2152:. 16 November 2012. Archived from
1933:Mullally, Una (17 November 2012).
1889:. Transworld Ireland. p. 70.
1381:Holland, Kitty (19 October 2013).
861:Center for Family and Human Rights
487:Dr Sam Coulter-Smith, a prominent
368:, including tweets by journalists
295:
14:
4018:
3745:Irish Family Planning Association
3525:collected news and commentary at
3496:
3394:
2649:Kenny, Ciara (15 November 2012).
1407:Holland, Kitty (9 October 2013).
1335:to Halappanavar was published in
775:2009 Brazilian girl abortion case
3320:Sheehan, Maeve (13 March 2016).
3165:. Chennai, India. 23 August 2013
1831:Holland, Kitty (11 March 2016).
1697:Bowers, Fergal (11 April 2013).
944:
866:National Right to Life Committee
770:Margaret McBride excommunication
626:
513:extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
227:Indian origin, living in Ireland
3952:2012 in the Republic of Ireland
3785:Termination for Medical Reasons
3466:
3440:
3421:Carolan, Mary (25 April 2024).
3414:
3359:
3341:
3313:
3292:Carolan, Mary (10 March 2016).
3285:
3257:
3093:
3073:
3055:
2995:
2872:
2818:
2675:
2642:
2588:
2560:
2534:
2501:
2475:
2447:
2421:
2349:
2323:
2232:
2168:
2136:
2082:Rudd, Andy (14 November 2012).
2056:
2034:
1959:
1824:
1781:
1759:
1709:
1690:
1052:, an independent member of the
354:showed front-page stories that
184:
4007:October 2012 events in Ireland
3473:Holland, Kitty (20 May 2018).
3264:McDonald, Brian (2 May 2014).
3100:Daly, Susan (9 October 2013).
2910:"Savita's kin being consulted"
2375:Clair, J. (20 November 2012).
1666:
1539:
1490:
1400:
1210:
592:European Court of Human Rights
523:A week after the story broke,
428:, particularly from the local
46:Repeal of the Eighth Amendment
1:
3735:Amnesty International Ireland
3611:Thirteenth Amendment (Travel)
3447:Keena, Colm (30 April 2024).
1438:Specia, Megan (27 May 2018).
1364:
1031:Minister for External Affairs
459:On Saturday 17 November, the
135:Maratha Mandal Dental College
3129:"Savita Halappanavar effect"
2313:"Rotunda head: No confusion"
2242:. RTÉ News. 19 November 2012
1238:
1164:Recommendations of the Panel
780:Death of Savita Halappanavar
327:. Following a ruling of the
7:
4002:Social problems in medicine
3881:Pro-Life Amendment Campaign
1602:10.22024/UniKent/03/fal.658
1342:
1097:and president-elect of the
351:Tonight with Vincent Browne
10:
4023:
1242:
951:Catholic Church portal
519:Political response in 2012
443:There were calls upon the
264:University Hospital Galway
3898:
3798:
3722:
3715:
3655:
3632:
3598:Constitutional amendments
3597:
3571:
2688:The Catholic World Report
1580:Enright, Máiréad (2018).
1180:Two sub-recommendations:
995:The Catholic World Report
610:responded in a column in
380:, the British edition of
204:Akhmedevi Yalagi (mother)
201:Andanappa Yalagi (father)
194:
167:
157:
147:
128:
120:
110:
100:
82:
57:
37:
30:
23:
3982:History of Galway (city)
3730:Abortion Rights Campaign
2798:"Last night in Brussels"
1056:(the upper house of the
1000:Human Life International
454:Health Service Executive
329:Supreme Court of Ireland
306:Health Service Executive
252:
3997:India–Ireland relations
3353:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1885:Holland, Kitty (2013).
1516:10.1111/1471-0528.14459
647:and the Catholic Church
223:Savita Andanappa Yalagi
62:Savita Andanappa Yalagi
3947:2012 in Irish politics
1161:
1091:Sabaratnam Arulkumaran
1006:International response
579:
1267:in July 2013, it was
1143:
1074:Amnesty International
917:Other Christian views
717:Consistent life ethic
577:
249:of 20 December 2018.
237:, which repealed the
3977:Deaths in childbirth
3799:Anti-abortion rights
3689:A, B and C v Ireland
2840:on 18 November 2012.
2301:on 28 November 2012.
1294:to advise about the
1277:President of Ireland
1105:On 21 November, the
1050:Rajeev Chandrasekhar
922:In the United States
887:Catholics for Choice
856:American Life League
765:Gianna Beretta Molla
597:A, B and C v Ireland
586:on the basis of the
533:Minister for Health
421:A, B and C v Ireland
302:medical misadventure
173:Praveen Halappanavar
3921:Savita Halappanavar
3723:Pro-abortion rights
3523:Savita Halappanavar
3512:Savita Halappanavar
3503:Savita Halappanavar
3015:on 21 November 2012
2983:on 20 November 2012
2752:on 22 November 2012
2663:on 16 November 2012
2319:. 15 November 2012.
2275:on 16 November 2012
2220:on 17 November 2012
2188:on 17 November 2012
2156:on 17 November 2012
2030:. 15 November 2012.
1947:on 17 November 2012
1866:on 11 February 2015
1686:on 23 October 2015.
1058:Parliament of India
841:Knights of Columbus
655:Official opposition
612:The Huffington Post
395:The Daily Telegraph
383:The Huffington Post
214:Savita Halappanavar
101:Cause of death
50:Portobello, Ireland
33:Savitā Hālappanavar
25:Savita Halappanavar
3972:Deaths from sepsis
3528:The Times of India
2950:The Times of India
2915:The Times of India
2890:on 29 January 2016
2884:The Times of India
2860:. 18 November 2012
2857:The Times of India
2806:. 22 November 2012
2778:. 21 November 2012
2576:. 15 November 2012
2522:on 27 January 2013
2489:. 19 December 2012
2463:. 15 November 2012
2435:. 14 November 2012
2409:. 17 November 2012
2362:The New York Times
2337:. 15 November 2012
2124:. 14 November 2012
2004:. 14 November 2012
1973:. 14 November 2012
1797:. 18 November 2012
1594:University of Kent
1444:The New York Times
1359:Indians in Ireland
1292:Citizens' Assembly
1273:Michael D. Higgins
1122:Key causal factors
1113:Arulkumaran report
1066:The Times of India
580:
241:and empowered the
3934:
3933:
3894:
3893:
3876:Pro Life Campaign
3826:Family & Life
3821:Every Life Counts
3633:Failed amendments
3327:Irish Independent
3271:Irish Independent
3218:Irish Independent
3190:Irish Independent
3089:. 9 October 2013.
3041:Irish Independent
2720:on 2 January 2014
2602:Irish Independent
2573:Irish Independent
2460:Irish Independent
1916:Irish Independent
1794:Irish Independent
1107:Irish Independent
985:
984:
742:Indirect abortion
498:sword of Damocles
361:Irish Independent
325:life imprisonment
314:microbial threats
258:Summary of events
211:
210:
4014:
3866:Niamh Uí Bhriain
3790:Together for Yes
3755:Janet O'Sullivan
3720:
3719:
3705:Mellet v Ireland
3605:Eighth Amendment
3558:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3069:. 24 April 2018.
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2922:on 13 April 2013
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2716:. Archived from
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2659:. Archived from
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2518:. Archived from
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2271:. Archived from
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2122:Associated Press
2110:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1943:. Archived from
1930:
1921:
1920:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1648:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1518:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1378:
1296:Eighth Amendment
1259:. Having passed
1085:HSE inquiry 2012
1046:foreign minister
977:
970:
963:
949:
948:
851:CatholicVote.org
846:Catholic Answers
831:Priests for Life
819:Washington, D.C.
727:Sanctity of life
680:Evangelium vitae
630:
623:
622:
608:Kate Smurthwaite
430:Indian community
321:criminal offence
239:Eighth Amendment
229:, who died from
221:
188:
186:
89:
72:9 September 1981
71:
69:
42:
31:ಸವಿತಾ ಹಾಲಪ್ಪನವರ್
21:
20:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4011:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3890:
3794:
3711:
3651:
3628:
3593:
3567:
3562:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3479:The Irish Times
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3453:The Irish Times
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3427:The Irish Times
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3401:The Irish Times
3393:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3355:. 9 March 2016.
3347:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3299:The Irish Times
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3244:The Irish Times
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3098:
3094:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3067:BreakingNews.ie
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3008:The Irish Times
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2976:The Irish Times
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2942:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2745:The Irish Times
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2714:Catholic Online
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2656:The Irish Times
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2515:The Irish Times
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2453:
2452:
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2438:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2268:The Irish Times
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2213:The Irish Times
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2181:The Irish Times
2174:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2149:The Irish Times
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2080:
2076:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1940:The Irish Times
1931:
1924:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1838:The Irish Times
1829:
1825:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1714:
1710:
1695:
1691:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1655:
1649:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1544:
1540:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1456:
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1436:
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3373:. 11 July 2024
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