328:
637:
312:
262:
458:
1248:. 2nd edition. Canberra : Aboriginal Studies Press. "The language is now called by its many clan names, including Gadigal in the Sydney city area and Dharug in Western Sydney. The word for Aboriginal person in this language is 'yura', this word has been used to help identify the language, with the most common spellings being Iyora and Eora."
655:. For many years non-Aboriginal academics collected resources for Aboriginal languages to preserve them, and more recently, Aboriginal people have been getting involved in the process, and designing tools to reclaim the languages. During the 1990s and the new millennium, some descendants of the Dharug clans in
1291:
627:
The
Indigenous population of Sydney gradually started using English more in everyday usage, as well as New South Wales Pidgin. This, combined with social upheaval, meant that the local Dharug language started to fade from use in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. A wordlist of the local
563:
by non-Aboriginal people since the late 19th century, and by
Aboriginal people since the late 20th century, to describe Aboriginal peoples of the Sydney region, despite there being "no evidence that Aboriginal people had used it in 1788 as the name of a language or group of people inhabiting the
659:
have been making considerable efforts to revive Dharug as a spoken language. In the 21st century, some modern Dharug speakers have given speeches in a reconstructed form of the Dharug language, and younger members of the community visit schools and give demonstrations of spoken Dharug.
700:, and others. In particular, largely thanks to Dawes, the thesis shows how verbs operated. Past and future tenses were indicated by suffixes or endings, often with further pronoun suffixes attached, revealing who (I, you, they, etc.) was responsible for the actions concerned.
667:
master's thesis by Jeremy Steele, "The
Aboriginal Language of Sydney", provided an analysis of the grammar in a partial reconstruction of the language. The notebooks of William Dawes were the main source, together with word lists compiled by First Fleeters
1873:
650:
The Dharug language had largely been lost as an extinct language, mainly due to the historical effects of colonisation on the speakers. Some vocabulary had been retained by some Dharug people, but only very little grammar and
611:, as the first to record the original traditional tongue of the elder people of Sydney Dharugule-wayaun. Dawes was returned to England in December 1791, after disagreements with Governor Phillip on, among other things, the
1293:
The aboriginal language of Sydney: a partial reconstruction of the indigenous language of Sydney based on the notebooks of
William Dawes of 1790-91, informed by other records of the Sydney and surrounding languages to
567:
With a traditional heritage spanning thousands of years, approximately 70 per cent of the Eora people died out during the nineteenth century as a result of the genocidal policies of colonial
Australia,
1093:- Botany Bay (identifying the place those specific people are from). This people-and-place naming convention within the Dharug language can be seen throughout all of the clans of the Eora Nation.
1878:
Pre-colonial
Aboriginal land and resource use in Centennial, Moore and Queens Parks – assessment of historical and archaeological evidence for Centennial Parklands Conservation Management Plan
441:
resources says "The word Daruk was assigned to the Iyura (Eora) people as a language group, or more commonly referred to as the people that sustained their diet by the constant digging of the
1266:
1221:
234:
1881:
2136:
2081:
1935:
2087:
1108:. The name Eora refers collectively to the people of the Sydney region and also translates to the name of the (Greater Sydney) region inhabited by those people.
2958:
1838:
3028:
1040:
The Dharug language highlights the strong link between people and place through its clan naming convention. This can be seen through the suffix identifier
1794:
2129:
1096:
Another example of the strong link between people and place, but without the suffix, can be seen with the nation name 'Eora' itself, which translates to
711:
2993:
591:
gravel sediments were dated to be from 45,000 to 50,000 years BP, which would mean that humans could have been in the region earlier than thought.
1117:
2986:
2951:
2122:
1966:
1820:
4979:
427:(2019) describes two dialects of the Sydney language, with neither Dharug (S64) nor Eora being in the historical record as language names.
399:
dialects, but there is no evidence that
Aboriginal peoples ever used this term, which simply means "people". Some effort has been put into
272:
714:'s Dunheved campus in Sydney had started learning the reconstructed Dharug language, and parts of the language have been taught at the
2965:
2930:
1472:
4984:
3021:
434:
have postulated the name "Biyal Biyal" for the language, based on evidence that this term or something like it was actually used.
2979:
600:
1417:
628:
Sydney language was published by
William Ridley in 1875, and he noted that, at that time, very few fluent speakers were left.
2972:
1482:
1400:
533:(1903) said that the territory extended "...along the coast to the Hawkesbury River, and inland to what are now the towns of
423:), while the inland dialect has been referred to as Dharug, a term of unknown origin or meaning. Linguist and anthropologist
689:
3014:
948:
903:
669:
294:
3857:
894:
4974:
3729:
2807:
2105:
2048:
2021:
1994:
1643:
1623:
4703:
673:
4117:
419:.The coastal dialect has been referred to as Iyora (also spelt as Iora or Eora), which simply means "people" (or
368:
284:
210:
2011:
1984:
17:
2164:
542:
2038:
3234:
2064:
934:
248:
327:
4715:
3429:
998:
1963:
4609:
4408:
4264:
4252:
4067:
3765:
3432:
3401:
3037:
1019:
955:
830:
134:
1314:
1245:
3880:
3708:
3319:
2287:
2206:
1445:
1337:
816:
388:
4675:
3637:
3510:
3386:
3224:
3083:
3068:
1005:
823:
538:
534:
372:
139:
1839:"'Spine-tingling': Rugby viewers praise Australian national anthem sung in First Nations language"
1299:… Biyal-Biyal, abbreviated to 'BB', has been used here for the classical language of Port Jackson.
4466:
4438:
3586:
3262:
3219:
3152:
1366:
1173:
809:
802:
726:
645:
110:
383:, until it became extinct due to effects of colonisation. It is the traditional language of the
4639:
4629:
3960:
3945:
3899:
3827:
3785:
2145:
1507:
722:
697:
588:
510:
4849:
4542:
4529:
4341:
4158:
3917:
3334:
3214:
3162:
1083:- Sydney within Gadigal Country (identifying the place those specific people are from); and,
927:
874:
846:
420:
4737:
2095:
4870:
4778:
4724:
4578:
4514:
4377:
4226:
4198:
4193:
4008:
3937:
3922:
3852:
3847:
3837:
3832:
3822:
3790:
3703:
3609:
3594:
3543:
3538:
3528:
3355:
3324:
3172:
3167:
2889:
2851:
2834:
1193:, referring to an Aboriginal person with traditional skills in medicine, comes from Dharug.
860:
747:
664:
1262:
1217:
240:
8:
4844:
4834:
4824:
4768:
4654:
4519:
4372:
4349:
4326:
4183:
3875:
3777:
3690:
3650:
3617:
3553:
3533:
3444:
3272:
3198:
3078:
3073:
2841:
2817:
867:
789:
612:
431:
2114:
583:
suggests human activity occurred in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years, in the
4940:
4912:
4902:
4829:
4742:
4558:
4354:
4295:
4287:
4272:
4249:
4216:
4140:
4130:
4107:
4036:
4031:
3950:
3912:
3842:
3762:
3698:
3675:
3670:
3660:
3627:
3622:
3518:
3462:
3406:
3365:
3293:
3247:
3242:
3177:
3103:
2896:
2872:
2865:
2701:
1703:
1566:"The Sydney Language Notebooks and responses to language contact in early colonial NSW"
1524:
1520:
853:
784:
764:
704:
677:
580:
445:
as a vegetable supplement. The Dark, Darug, Tarook, Taruk Tarug is related to the word
364:
4621:
1772:
1302:
226:
4927:
4894:
4875:
4865:
4814:
4804:
4573:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4405:
4364:
4277:
4221:
4208:
4188:
4168:
4125:
4087:
4064:
4018:
3995:
3975:
3965:
3907:
3806:
3800:
3645:
3500:
3495:
3457:
3381:
3360:
3329:
3267:
3193:
3147:
3088:
2910:
2879:
2800:
2294:
2280:
2101:
2044:
2017:
1990:
1707:
1505:
Stockton, Eugene D.; Nanson, Gerald C. (April 2004). "Cranebrook
Terrace Revisited".
1478:
1396:
884:
774:
752:
584:
290:
4917:
4880:
4819:
4747:
4732:
4649:
4499:
4494:
4484:
4476:
4433:
4331:
4305:
4173:
4153:
4148:
4102:
4092:
4041:
4026:
4003:
3985:
3665:
3576:
3571:
3485:
3467:
3452:
3396:
3314:
3309:
3288:
3157:
3098:
3093:
1920:
1909:"[Review] Australian Aboriginal Words in English: Their Origin and Meaning"
1699:
1580:
1565:
1516:
1182:, a now derogatory term for an indigenous woman, is believed to derive from Dharug
1073:- also known as Parramatta (identifying the place those specific people are from);
913:
779:
757:
681:
514:
506:
400:
100:
4945:
4935:
4907:
4839:
4809:
4799:
4680:
4659:
4644:
4634:
4563:
4509:
4489:
4428:
4382:
4313:
4178:
4163:
4097:
4079:
3980:
3955:
3867:
3814:
3739:
3724:
3680:
3599:
3566:
3477:
3391:
3252:
3129:
3113:
3108:
3050:
2903:
2858:
2705:
2693:
2149:
1970:
1598:
1545:. School of Oriental and African Studies and NSW Department of Aboriginal Affairs
1474:
Sydney's
Aboriginal Past: Investigating the Archaeological and Historical Records
1393:
Sydney's Aboriginal Past: Investigating the archaeological and historical records
769:
715:
522:
380:
126:
116:
58:
253:
4783:
4773:
4763:
4585:
4420:
3734:
3561:
3523:
3350:
2709:
2231:
796:
656:
636:
144:
1584:
4968:
3970:
3927:
3490:
3139:
2775:
2713:
2385:
1711:
1332:
530:
526:
518:
483:
384:
203:
88:
1747:
1315:
The Aboriginal Languages of Eastern Australia Compared: A philological essay
2637:
2609:
2490:
2364:
2196:
1147:
1029:
693:
685:
615:
launched following the wounding of the Government gamekeeper, allegedly by
498:), as well as the country to the north of Port Jackson, possibly as far as
491:
424:
1321:, XII: p.12: "the Beall language around Sydney, which died out long ago …’
194:
3006:
2740:
2630:
2581:
2483:
2420:
2252:
980:
604:
416:
84:
72:
2040:
The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
1528:
311:
2616:
2602:
2455:
2413:
2378:
2336:
2329:
2315:
1143:
992:
985:
840:
499:
495:
487:
396:
1351:… in that dialect and also in the "Beeal-Beeal" dialect of Botany Bay.
572:
and other viruses, and the destruction of their natural food sources.
2754:
2658:
2651:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2497:
2434:
2189:
1267:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1222:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1165:
1151:
1013:
942:
652:
479:
462:
219:
187:
48:
2224:
554:
478:
The traditional territory of the coastal variety ("Iyora/Eyora", or
261:
2761:
2672:
2665:
2588:
2567:
2560:
2476:
2448:
2441:
2399:
2392:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2308:
2266:
2259:
2238:
1925:
1908:
1725:
616:
587:
period. However, numerous Aboriginal stone tools found in Sydney's
569:
560:
438:
302:
92:
1936:"Meet the bare-nosed wombat, the world's largest burrowing mammal"
387:. The Dharug population has greatly diminished since the onset of
2768:
2747:
2686:
2644:
2623:
2595:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2469:
2462:
2406:
2371:
2273:
2245:
1973:; see under "The Origin of Boomerang". Retrieved 16 January 2008.
1795:"The first time I spoke in my own language I broke down and wept"
1169:
1159:
1133:
446:
442:
412:
298:
76:
2013:
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
1662:
1542:
2782:
2679:
1409:
1395:. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd. p. 36.
1137:
466:
376:
269:
80:
68:
505:
Attenbrow places the "hinterland dialect" (Dharug) "...on the
395:
has sometimes been used to distinguish a coastal dialect from
2574:
2504:
2427:
2301:
2182:
1155:
1129:
1125:
316:
1874:"2. THE PEOPLE – A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THEIR LIFE AND CULTURE"
457:
2722:
2322:
1032:, but this is difficult to determine from the extant data.
332:
1748:"The notebooks of William Dawes on the language of Sydney"
1341:. No. 26, 143. New South Wales, Australia. p. 11
301:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2144:
1752:
The notebooks of William Dawes on the language of Sydney
1663:"UNPO: Aboriginals of Australia: Revive Dharug Language"
1220:
Dharug at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1821:"Sydney Festival's Bayala: How we all speak some Darug"
1690:
Everett, Kristina (2009). "Welcome to Country … Not".
1265:
Eora at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1367:"Introduction: Aboriginal Languages of Sydney Region"
486:(2002) to include "...the Sydney Peninsula (north of
268:
Dharug is classified as Critically Endangered by the
2082:
Bibliography of Dharug people and language resources
1498:
1418:"Settlers' history rewritten: go back 30,000 years"
2088:Bibliography of Eora people and language resources
1880:. Val Attenbrow, Australian Museum. Archived from
703:A recreated version of the language is spoken at
640:Jakelin Troy at the CinC2017 congress in Portugal
27:Australian Aboriginal language of the Sydney area
4966:
2037:Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (27 November 2014).
1069:(identifying the people) therefore translate to
1986:The Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage
721:In December 2020, Olivia Fox sang a version of
696:, and later contributors such as Daniel Paine,
375:that was traditionally spoken in the region of
1685:
1683:
1535:
1504:
1464:
1319:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland
692:, a notebook called "Anon" (or "Notebook c"),
415:for their language prior to settlement by the
3022:
2130:
2036:
2009:
1258:
1256:
1254:
430:Language scholar Jeremy Steele and historian
2010:Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (26 June 2015).
1285:
1283:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1047:
1041:
355:, and other variants, and also known as the
1680:
1603:. Australian Dictionary of Biography Online
1349:– via National Library of Australia.
1330:
1028:The language may have had a distinction of
3036:
3029:
3015:
2137:
2123:
1251:
1240:
1238:
260:
4248:
3761:
2931:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
1924:
1470:
1440:
1438:
1390:
1280:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1111:
622:
594:
4404:
4063:
3428:
1477:. Sydney: UNSW Press. pp. 152–153.
635:
456:
326:
310:
273:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4702:
1689:
1361:
1359:
1297:(MA). Macquarie University. p. 7.
1271:
1235:
323:in the Dharuk and Gundungurra languages
295:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
4967:
4607:
2093:
1982:
1906:
1435:
1289:
1204:
575:
403:a reconstructed form of the language.
4701:
4606:
4403:
4247:
4062:
3760:
3427:
3048:
3010:
2118:
1415:
4980:Extinct languages of New South Wales
1905:For dingo, koala, and wallaby, see:
1818:
1641:
1621:
1563:
1356:
559:The word "Eora" has been used as an
411:The speakers did not use a specific
3049:
24:
2075:
1942:. World Wildlife Fund. Summer 2024
1773:"Lost Aboriginal language revived"
1704:10.1002/j.1834-4461.2009.tb00050.x
1521:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00560.x
1118:English words borrowed from Dharug
473:
25:
4996:
2200:(mainly Queensland bordering NSW)
1573:Australian Journal of Linguistics
1290:Steele, Jeremy Macdonald (2005).
1018:
1004:
997:
954:
947:
933:
926:
902:
893:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
729:between Australia and Argentina.
1543:"The notebooks of William Dawes"
1450:Barani Sydney Aboriginal History
707:conducted by the Dharug people.
437:A website devoted to Dharug and
4985:Critically endangered languages
2057:
2030:
2003:
1976:
1957:
1896:
1866:
1857:
1831:
1812:
1787:
1765:
1740:
1718:
1655:
1635:
1615:
1591:
1557:
1384:
1331:Meeston, A. (19 October 1921).
1989:. Cambridge University Press.
1819:Ding, Ann (28 December 2017).
1324:
1307:
1226:
548:
369:Australian Aboriginal language
105:Late 19th - early 20th century
13:
1:
2100:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
1983:PETERS, PAM (26 April 2007).
1446:"Aboriginal people and place"
1371:Dharug and Dharawal Resources
1197:
737:
710:As of 2005, some children at
336:
2065:Oxford Dictionary of English
1600:Dawes, William (1762 - 1836)
732:
40:Sydney, lyora, Darug, Dharuk
7:
1035:
723:Australia's national anthem
10:
5001:
2157:Aboriginal language groups
1089:(identifying the people),
1079:(identifying the people),
643:
631:
552:
517:in the north; west of the
452:
4926:
4893:
4858:
4792:
4756:
4723:
4714:
4710:
4697:
4668:
4620:
4616:
4602:
4551:
4475:
4447:
4419:
4415:
4399:
4363:
4340:
4304:
4286:
4263:
4259:
4243:
4207:
4139:
4116:
4078:
4074:
4058:
4017:
3994:
3936:
3898:
3866:
3813:
3799:
3776:
3772:
3756:
3717:
3689:
3636:
3608:
3585:
3552:
3509:
3476:
3443:
3439:
3423:
3374:
3343:
3302:
3281:
3233:
3207:
3186:
3138:
3122:
3061:
3057:
3044:
2940:
2920:
2792:
2732:
2216:
2207:Western Bundjalung people
2174:
2156:
1825:The Sydney Morning Herald
1585:10.1080/07268609208599474
1422:The Sydney Morning Herald
1338:The Sydney Morning Herald
1017:
970:
946:
756:
751:
746:
744:
281:
259:
247:
233:
217:
201:
185:
180:
162:
123:
109:
99:
64:
54:
44:
39:
34:
2094:Broome, Richard (2001).
1907:Comrie, Bernard (1993).
1799:The University of Sydney
678:Philip Gidley King
599:Dharug people recognise
1969:8 February 2009 at the
1471:Attenbrow, Val (2010).
1416:Macey, Richard (2007).
1391:Attenbrow, Val (2010).
1174:woomera (spear-thrower)
1085:
1075:
1065:
1048:
1042:
646:Language revitalization
469:man of the Eora peoples
406:
4568:old Wangkumara/Garlali
4537:new Wangkumara/Garlali
3038:Pama–Nyungan languages
2421:Kawambarai/Gawambaraay
2097:Aboriginal Australians
1642:Troy, Jakelin (1994).
1622:Troy, Jakelin (1994).
1564:Troy, Jakelin (1992).
1508:Archaeology in Oceania
1313:Lauterer, J. (1897). "
1112:English borrowed words
727:Tri Nations Test match
641:
623:Extinction of language
595:First European records
470:
340:
324:
283:This article contains
3858:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
2946:By state or territory
2165:Yugambeh-Bandjalangic
1452:. sydneybarani.com.au
1244:Troy, Jakelin. 2019.
644:Further information:
639:
460:
330:
314:
4975:Yuin–Kuric languages
4918:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
2793:Aboriginal languages
1964:What is a Boomerang?
665:Macquarie University
555:Eora § Ethnonym
513:in the south to the
4704:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
1863:Troy (1994): p. 24.
1698:(1). Wiley: 53–64.
1645:The Sydney Language
1625:The Sydney Language
1246:The Sydney language
1063:Clan names such as
613:punitive expedition
589:far western suburbs
576:Earliest habitation
564:Sydney peninsula".
482:) was estimated by
432:Keith Vincent Smith
4169:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
2959:Northern Territory
2288:Western Bundjalung
2217:Aboriginal peoples
2175:Aboriginal nations
1333:"ABORIGINAL NAMES"
1277:Troy (1994): p. 9.
1232:Troy (1994): p. 5.
1168:, a word from the
1142:Trees and plants:
1124:Names of animals:
705:welcome ceremonies
642:
607:and flagship, the
581:Radiocarbon dating
521:, Parramatta, the
471:
341:
325:
319:" is derived from
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4889:
4888:
4757:Mangarrayi-Marran
4716:Macro-Gunwinyguan
4693:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4118:Kanyara–Mantharta
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
3894:
3893:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3402:Mbariman-Gudhinma
3004:
3003:
2994:Western Australia
2351:Gidhabal/Githabul
2068:, 3rd ed., p 977.
1933:For wombat, see:
1845:. 6 December 2020
1484:978-1-74223-116-7
1402:978-1-74223-116-7
1071:man of Burramutta
1026:
1025:
968:
967:
725:in Dharug at the
585:Upper Paleolithic
421:Aboriginal people
309:
308:
291:rendering support
287:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
4992:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4711:
4699:
4698:
4618:
4617:
4604:
4603:
4417:
4416:
4401:
4400:
4261:
4260:
4245:
4244:
4076:
4075:
4060:
4059:
3885:Kuurn Kopan Noot
3881:Dhauwurd Wurrung
3811:
3810:
3774:
3773:
3758:
3757:
3709:Pallanganmiddang
3441:
3440:
3425:
3424:
3320:Aghu Tharrnggala
3059:
3058:
3046:
3045:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2933:
2926:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2883:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2844:(or Yuwaaliyaay)
2837:
2830:
2828:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2803:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2733:Aboriginal clans
2725:
2716:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2358:Gringai/Guringay
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2209:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2167:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2069:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1980:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1930:
1928:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1328:
1322:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1287:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1088:
1078:
1068:
1051:
1045:
1022:
1008:
1001:
975:
974:
958:
951:
937:
930:
906:
897:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
833:
826:
819:
812:
805:
742:
741:
682:Daniel Southwell
515:Hawkesbury River
507:Cumberland Plain
449:, meaning yam".
373:Yuin–Kuric group
361:Gadigal language
338:
275:
264:
243:
229:
213:
197:
190:
129:
115:Small number of
32:
31:
21:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4950:
4922:
4885:
4854:
4788:
4752:
4706:
4685:
4664:
4612:
4590:
4547:
4524:Wangka-Yutjurru
4471:
4443:
4411:
4387:
4359:
4336:
4300:
4282:
4255:
4231:
4203:
4135:
4112:
4070:
4046:
4013:
3990:
3932:
3890:
3862:
3828:Dja Dja Wurrung
3809:
3795:
3768:
3744:
3713:
3685:
3632:
3604:
3581:
3548:
3505:
3472:
3435:
3411:
3387:Flinders Island
3370:
3339:
3298:
3277:
3229:
3225:Guugu Yimidhirr
3203:
3182:
3134:
3118:
3084:Arritinngithigh
3069:Adithinngithigh
3053:
3051:Paman languages
3040:
3035:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2973:South Australia
2971:
2964:
2957:
2952:New South Wales
2950:
2945:
2936:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2816:
2810:(or Bundjalung)
2809:
2806:
2799:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2728:
2721:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2170:
2163:
2152:
2150:New South Wales
2143:
2108:
2078:
2076:Further reading
2073:
2072:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1981:
1977:
1971:Wayback Machine
1962:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1884:on 1 April 2019
1872:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1775:. 14 April 2009
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1726:"Dharug Dalang"
1724:
1723:
1719:
1688:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1344:
1342:
1329:
1325:
1312:
1308:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1200:
1172:sub-group, and
1114:
1052:which refer to
1038:
973:
740:
735:
716:Sydney Festival
712:Chifley College
690:David Blackburn
648:
634:
625:
597:
578:
557:
551:
523:Lane Cove River
476:
474:Historical area
455:
409:
381:New South Wales
357:Sydney language
345:Dharug language
289:Without proper
277:
276:
267:
239:
225:
209:
206:
193:
186:
158:
130:
127:Language family
125:
59:New South Wales
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4998:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4718:
4708:
4707:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4676:Lower Burdekin
4672:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4614:
4613:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4467:Lower Arrernte
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4439:Western Desert
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4413:
4412:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4257:
4256:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3770:
3769:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3735:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3263:Kuuk Thaayorre
3260:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2838:
2831:
2821:
2814:
2804:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2056:
2049:
2029:
2022:
2002:
1995:
1975:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1940:World Wildlife
1931:
1926:10.2307/416440
1902:
1895:
1865:
1856:
1830:
1811:
1786:
1764:
1739:
1717:
1679:
1654:
1634:
1614:
1590:
1556:
1534:
1497:
1483:
1463:
1434:
1408:
1401:
1383:
1355:
1323:
1306:
1279:
1270:
1250:
1234:
1225:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1176:
1162:
1140:
1113:
1110:
1091:woman of Kamay
1037:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1002:
995:
989:
988:
983:
978:
972:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
959:
952:
945:
939:
938:
931:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
910:
909:
907:
900:
898:
891:
889:
887:
881:
880:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
837:
836:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
739:
736:
734:
731:
657:Western Sydney
633:
630:
624:
621:
619:, a Yora man.
596:
593:
577:
574:
553:Main article:
550:
547:
475:
472:
454:
451:
408:
405:
307:
306:
293:, you may see
279:
278:
266:
265:
257:
256:
251:
245:
244:
237:
231:
230:
223:
215:
214:
207:
202:
199:
198:
191:
183:
182:
181:Language codes
178:
177:
176:
175:
172:
169:
164:
160:
159:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
133:
131:
124:
121:
120:
113:
107:
106:
103:
97:
96:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
18:Darug language
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4997:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
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4671:
4667:
4661:
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4656:
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4605:
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4587:
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4458:
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4450:
4446:
4440:
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4414:
4410:
4407:
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4398:
4384:
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4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4320:
4317:
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4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4303:
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4294:
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4285:
4279:
4276:
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4225:
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4220:
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4210:
4206:
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4182:
4180:
4177:
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4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
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4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
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4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
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4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Adnyamathanha
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Yabula-Yabula
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3587:Gumbaynggiric
3584:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Gureng Gureng
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:Gugu Yalandyi
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3009:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2882:(or Dharawal)
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:Wallumettagal
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:Wanggeriburra
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2109:
2107:1-86508-755-6
2103:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2050:9781317625124
2046:
2043:. Routledge.
2042:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2023:9781317372516
2019:
2016:. Routledge.
2015:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1996:9780511294969
1992:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1774:
1768:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1727:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1651:. p. 15.
1647:
1646:
1638:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1066:Burramuttagal
1061:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1033:
1031:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
994:
991:
990:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:
964:
962:
960:
957:
953:
950:
944:
941:
940:
936:
932:
929:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
912:
911:
908:
905:
901:
899:
896:
892:
890:
888:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
872:
869:
865:
862:
858:
855:
851:
848:
844:
842:
839:
838:
835:
832:
828:
825:
821:
818:
814:
811:
807:
804:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
759:
754:
749:
743:
730:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:(in Hunter),
679:
675:
671:
670:David Collins
666:
661:
658:
654:
647:
638:
629:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:William Dawes
592:
590:
586:
582:
573:
571:
565:
562:
556:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:R. H. Mathews
528:
527:Berowra Creek
524:
520:
519:Georges River
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:Val Attenbrow
481:
468:
464:
459:
450:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
404:
402:
398:
394:
393:Eora language
390:
386:
385:Dharug people
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:area), is an
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:, also spelt
346:
334:
329:
322:
318:
313:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
286:
280:
274:
271:
263:
258:
255:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
222:
221:
216:
212:
208:
205:
204:Linguist List
200:
196:
192:
189:
184:
179:
173:
170:
167:
166:
165:
161:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
132:
128:
122:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:Wallumettagal
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4850:Anindilyakwa
4610:Pama–Nyungan
4564:Bulloo River
4543:Yandruwandha
4530:Wilson River
4409:Pama–Nyungan
4321:Yindjilandji
4265:Ngumpin–Yapa
4253:Pama–Nyungan
4194:Yindjibarndi
4159:Martuthunira
4068:Pama–Nyungan
3900:Lower Murray
3766:Pama–Nyungan
3655:
3433:Pama–Nyungan
3215:Barrow Point
2824:
2638:Wirraayaraay
2610:Wangaaypuwan
2491:Nhaawuparlku
2365:Gumbaynggirr
2096:
2090:, at AIATSIS
2084:, at AIATSIS
2063:
2059:
2039:
2032:
2012:
2005:
1985:
1978:
1959:
1944:. Retrieved
1939:
1916:
1912:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:the original
1877:
1868:
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1842:
1833:
1824:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:
1742:
1732:21 September
1730:. Retrieved
1720:
1695:
1691:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1644:
1637:
1631:. p. 5.
1624:
1617:
1607:16 September
1605:. Retrieved
1599:
1593:
1576:
1572:
1559:
1549:21 September
1547:. Retrieved
1537:
1515:(1): 59–60.
1512:
1506:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1473:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1411:
1392:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1350:
1343:. Retrieved
1336:
1326:
1318:
1309:
1298:
1292:
1273:
1228:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1116:Examples of
1115:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1039:
1030:vowel length
1027:
720:
709:
702:
698:James Bowman
694:Henry Fulton
686:Watkin Tench
662:
649:
626:
608:
598:
579:
566:
558:
543:Campbelltown
504:
492:Port Jackson
477:
461:Portrait of
436:
429:
425:Jakelin Troy
410:
392:
389:colonisation
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
342:
320:
282:
218:
149:
135:Pama–Nyungan
29:
4871:Kungarakany
4793:Gunwinyguan
4779:Warndarrang
4579:Barranbinja
4515:Pitta Pitta
4378:Mayi-Kutuna
4342:Kalkatungic
4227:Nyangumarta
4199:Yinhawangka
4009:Ngadjunmaya
3923:Yitha-Yitha
3853:Wemba Wemba
3838:Madhi-Madhi
3833:Ledji-Ledji
3704:Gunaikurnai
3595:Kumbainggar
3356:Mbara-Yanga
3325:Ikarranggal
3173:Wik-Ngathan
3168:Wik-Mungkan
3153:Kugu-Muminh
2890:Wemba Wemba
2852:Madhi Madhi
2842:Gamilaraay
2835:Dyirringany
2808:Bandjalang
2741:Cammeraygal
2631:Wemba-Wemba
2582:Yuwaalaraay
2484:Muthi Muthi
2253:Barranbinya
2148:peoples in
1888:22 February
1579:: 145–170.
1490:11 November
1456:22 February
1086:Kamaygalyan
1081:man of Gadi
674:John Hunter
605:First Fleet
549:Eora people
490:, south of
465:, a senior
417:First Fleet
391:. The term
365:Sydney city
297:instead of
85:Cammeraygal
4969:Categories
4845:Nunggubuyu
4835:Rembarrnga
4825:Kunbarlang
4769:Mangarrayi
4725:Maningrida
4534:Bundhamara
4520:Wanggamala
4504:Yarluyandi
4373:Mayi-Kulan
4350:Kalkatungu
4327:Warluwarra
4306:Warluwaric
4184:Nyiyaparli
3938:Thura-Yura
3876:Bungandidj
3848:Wathaurong
3730:Bandjalang
3651:Darkinjung
3638:Yuin–Kuric
3618:Gamilaraay
3610:Wiradhuric
3511:Waka–Kabic
3407:Umbindhamu
3273:Yir-Yoront
3257:Ogh-Undjan
3199:Morrobolam
3079:Anguthimri
3074:Andjingith
2966:Queensland
2859:Nganywyana
2818:Darkinjung
2706:Kombumerri
2617:Wanjiwalku
2603:Wandandian
2456:Malyangapa
2428:Kula/Kurnu
2414:Karenggapa
2379:Himberrong
2337:Gandangara
2330:Gamilaraay
2316:Djiringanj
2295:Darkinyung
2281:Bundjalung
2146:Aboriginal
1919:(1): 198.
1849:6 December
1198:References
1164:The tools
1106:this place
748:Peripheral
738:Consonants
663:In 2005 a
500:Broken Bay
496:Parramatta
494:, west to
488:Botany Bay
397:hinterland
315:The word "
171:Gamaraygal
140:Yuin–Kuric
4941:Gunindiri
4903:Kayardild
4830:Ngalakgan
4815:Kunwinjku
4743:Gurr-goni
4738:Ndjébbana
4655:Ritharrŋu
4559:Baagandji
4355:Yalarnnga
4296:Warumungu
4288:Warumungu
4217:Karajarri
4131:Mantharta
4108:Yinggarda
4037:Natingero
4032:Kalaamaya
3951:Barngarla
3913:Ngayawung
3843:Wadi-Wadi
3807:Kolakngat
3778:Yotayotic
3699:Dhudhuroa
3691:Gippsland
3671:Ngunnawal
3661:Dhanggati
3628:Wiradjuri
3623:Ngiyambaa
3554:Durubalic
3529:Gabi-Gabi
3519:Barunggam
3463:Warrgamay
3445:Dyirbalic
3366:Walangama
3248:Kok Thawa
3243:Koko-Bera
3235:Southwest
3187:Lamalamic
3178:Wik-Ompom
3163:Wik-Me'nh
3123:Northeast
3104:Ndrangith
2897:Wiradjuri
2880:Tharawal
2873:Ngunnawal
2866:Ngiyambaa
2827:(or Eora)
2755:Gorualgal
2710:Mununjali
2659:Wiradjuri
2652:Wilyakali
2554:Paaruntyi
2547:Paakantyi
2540:Ngunnawal
2533:Ngiyampaa
2498:Nari-Nari
2435:Kuringgai
2190:Kuringgai
1757:24 August
1712:0029-8077
1345:24 August
1189:The word
1186:, "woman"
1178:The word
1166:boomerang
1148:kurrajong
1144:burrawang
1102:from here
1058:-woman of
943:Semivowel
790:Retroflex
733:Phonology
653:phonology
480:Kuringgai
463:Bennelong
220:Glottolog
188:ISO 639-3
65:Ethnicity
49:Australia
4876:Wardaman
4866:Gaagudju
4805:Uwinymil
4574:Muruwari
4462:Kaytetye
4457:Arrernte
4250:Northern
4189:Panyjima
4141:Ngayarta
4088:Badimaya
3976:Ngadjuri
3966:Narungga
3823:Bunurong
3791:Yotayota
3763:Southern
3676:Tharawal
3646:Awabakal
3544:Wuliwuli
3539:Wakawaka
3501:Warrongo
3458:Nyawaygi
3397:Kok Narr
3382:Djabugay
3361:Mbabaram
3344:Southern
3268:Kuuk Yak
3208:Yalanjic
3194:Lamalama
3148:Ayabadhu
3089:Awngthim
2987:Victoria
2980:Tasmania
2925:See also
2911:Yugambeh
2801:Awabakal
2762:Jerrinja
2714:Tulgigin
2694:Yugambeh
2673:Wonnarua
2666:Wodiwodi
2589:Walbunja
2568:Tharawal
2561:Barindji
2477:Muruwari
2449:Kwiambal
2442:Kureinji
2400:Jukambal
2393:Jitajita
2344:Geawegal
2309:Djangadi
2267:Bigambul
2260:Bidjigal
2239:Awabakal
1967:Archived
1913:Language
1843:SBS News
1728:. CITIES
1667:unpo.org
1529:40387277
1036:Examples
785:Alveolar
765:Bilabial
617:Pemulwuy
570:smallpox
561:ethnonym
439:Dharawal
401:reviving
303:Help:IPA
227:sydn1236
211:xdk.html
163:Dialects
119:speakers
93:Bidjigal
75:(Yura) (
4928:Garrwan
4895:Tangkic
4881:Wagiman
4820:Dalabon
4748:Nakkara
4733:Burarra
4500:Ngamini
4495:Mithaka
4485:Arabana
4449:Arandic
4406:Central
4332:Yanyuwa
4318:Bularnu
4278:Ngumbin
4273:Ngarrga
4222:Mangala
4209:Marrngu
4174:Nhuwala
4154:Kurrama
4149:Jurruru
4126:Kanyara
4103:Wajarri
4093:Malgana
4065:Western
4042:Nyungar
4027:Galaagu
4019:Nyungic
4004:Mirning
3996:Mirniny
3986:Wirangu
3918:Yaralde
3908:Keramin
3801:Kulinic
3666:Ngarigo
3577:Turrbal
3572:Nunukul
3496:Kingkel
3486:Bidjara
3468:Wulguru
3453:Dyirbal
3430:Eastern
3351:Agwamin
3335:Thaypan
3330:Takalak
3315:Angkula
3310:Alungul
3303:Thaypan
3294:Kuthant
3289:Kurtjar
3158:Pakanha
3099:Mbiywom
3094:Luthigh
2825:Dharug
2769:Ngambri
2748:Gadigal
2700:Clans:
2687:Yaygirr
2645:Wiyabal
2624:Weilwan
2596:Walgalu
2526:Ngarigo
2519:Ngarbal
2512:Ngambaa
2470:Milpulo
2463:Maraura
2407:Galibal
2372:Gweagal
2274:Birrbay
2232:Arakwal
1946:20 June
1692:Oceania
1672:16 July
1376:31 July
1191:koradji
1170:Turuwal
1160:waratah
1152:geebung
1134:wallaby
1076:Gadigal
1054:-man of
1049:-galyan
885:Lateral
775:Palatal
753:Laminal
632:Revival
603:of the
539:Penrith
535:Windsor
453:History
447:Midyini
371:of the
299:Unicode
235:AIATSIS
111:Revival
101:Extinct
77:Gadigal
4946:Waanyi
4936:Garrwa
4913:Minkin
4908:Lardil
4840:Ngandi
4800:Jawoyn
4681:Bindal
4650:Djinaŋ
4645:Djinba
4635:Dhuwal
4608:Other
4586:Yardli
4490:Diyari
4477:Karnic
4434:Wanman
4429:Ngardi
4383:Ngawun
4314:Wagaya
4179:Nyamal
4164:Ngarla
4098:Nhanda
3981:Nukunu
3961:Kuyani
3956:Kaurna
3740:Yidiny
3725:Anewan
3656:Dharug
3600:Yaygir
3567:Janday
3524:Dappil
3392:Gugadj
3282:Norman
3253:Kunjen
3130:Umpila
3114:Uradhi
3109:Ngkoth
2904:Worimi
2783:Wangal
2680:Worimi
2386:Jeithi
2246:Banbai
2225:Anēwan
2104:
2047:
2020:
1993:
1804:5 June
1779:5 June
1710:
1527:
1481:
1427:5 July
1399:
1294:c.1905
1138:wombat
1098:people
971:Vowels
914:Rhotic
780:Dental
758:Apical
609:Sirius
467:Wangal
377:Sydney
353:Dharuk
270:UNESCO
254:Dharug
168:Dharuk
150:Dharug
81:Wangal
69:Dharug
55:Region
35:Dharug
4859:Other
4810:Waray
4784:Yugul
4774:Marra
4764:Alawa
4669:Other
4660:Nhaŋu
4640:Djaŋu
4630:Dhaŋu
4622:Yolŋu
4552:Other
4510:Ngura
4080:Kartu
3868:Drual
3815:Kulin
3718:Other
3681:Wormi
3562:Guwar
3478:Maric
3375:Other
3062:North
2575:Thaua
2505:Ngaku
2302:Darug
2197:Murri
2183:Koori
1649:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
1525:JSTOR
1184:diyin
1156:myall
1130:koala
1126:dingo
1120:are:
981:Front
841:Nasal
770:Velar
511:Appin
509:from
349:Darug
335:man,
317:koala
4421:Wati
4365:Mayi
3971:Nauo
3928:Yuyu
3491:Biri
2723:Yuin
2323:Eora
2102:ISBN
2045:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1948:2024
1890:2022
1851:2020
1806:2018
1781:2018
1759:2024
1734:2010
1708:ISSN
1674:2023
1609:2010
1551:2010
1492:2013
1479:ISBN
1458:2022
1429:2014
1397:ISBN
1378:2022
1347:2024
1100:and
1056:and
1046:and
1043:-gal
993:High
986:Back
797:Stop
525:and
443:yams
413:name
407:Name
343:The
339:1904
333:Yuin
321:gula
174:Iora
145:Yora
73:Eora
3140:Wik
1921:doi
1700:doi
1581:doi
1517:doi
1317:."
1303:PDF
1263:S61
1218:S64
1180:gin
1104:or
1014:Low
545:".
529:".
502:".
285:IPA
249:ELP
241:S64
195:xdk
4971::
2712:,
2708:,
2704:,
1938:.
1917:69
1915:.
1911:.
1876:.
1841:.
1823:.
1797:.
1750:.
1706:.
1696:79
1694:.
1682:^
1665:.
1577:12
1575:.
1571:.
1523:.
1513:39
1511:.
1448:.
1437:^
1420:.
1369:.
1358:^
1335:.
1282:^
1253:^
1237:^
1206:^
1158:,
1154:,
1150:,
1146:,
1136:,
1132:,
1128:,
1060:.
868:nĚŞ
824:tĚŞ
718:.
688:,
684:,
676:,
672:,
541:,
537:,
379:,
359:,
351:,
337:c.
331:A
117:L2
91:,
87:,
83:,
79:,
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3030:e
3023:t
3016:v
2138:e
2131:t
2124:v
2110:.
2053:.
2026:.
1999:.
1950:.
1929:.
1923::
1892:.
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1827:.
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1676:.
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1587:.
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1531:.
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1494:.
1460:.
1431:.
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1380:.
1020:a
1006:u
999:i
956:j
949:w
935:É»
928:r
904:l
895:ĘŽ
875:n
861:ɲ
854:Ĺ‹
847:m
831:t
817:c
810:k
803:b
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