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prisons had sounded. Shortland was convinced of a plot and rang the alarm bell to collect the officers and have the guards ready. This precaution brought back a crowd just going to quarters. Just then a prisoner broke a gate chain with an iron bar and a number of the prisoners pressed through to the prison market square. After attempts at persuasion, Shortland ordered a charge which drove some of the prisoners in. Those near the gate, however, hooted at and taunted the soldiery, who fired a volley over their heads. The crowd yelled louder and threw stones, and the soldiers, probably without orders fired a direct volley which killed and wounded a large number. Then they continued firing at the prisoners, many of whom were now struggling to get back inside the blocks.
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spread an alarm. Even if a determined prisoner made it beyond the walls, he would still have to traverse ten miles on foot, over wild moorland and bogs, an area frequently beset with fog and chilling winds, to reach the nearest town. Local residents turning in an escapee could expect a reward of a guinea. Yet, despite these daunting odds, scholar
Nicholas Guyatt has tallied a total of twenty-four American POWs successfully making their way to freedom.
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tampered with. At the parade later that day, 50 prisoners refused orders, and the rest were marched back to their cells but refused to enter. At this point, the prison governor and his staff fled to an unused part of the prison and secured themselves there. The prisoners then released those held in solitary. There was extensive damage to property, and a prisoner was shot by one of the staff, but no prison staff were injured. According to the
1921:
300:
States and F. S. Larpent for Great
Britain, which exonerated Shortland, justified the initial shooting and blamed the subsequent deaths on unknown culprits. Following these findings, Shortland was rewarded with a promotion. Despite being labelled "The Dartmoor Massacre", the British government paid compensation to the American families of those killed and pensioned the disabled.
262:
courts which meted out punishments, a market, a theatre and a gambling room. About 1,000 of the prisoners were Black. A recent examination of the
General Entry Book of American Prisoners of War at Dartmoor, by Nicholas Guyatt, found "Eight Hundred and Twenty - Nine Sailors of Colour had been entered into the register by the end of October 1814."
371:. Numerous escape attempts have been made by inmates to get out of the prison and onto the moors, leading to massive manhunts by the police and prison service. Instances of disobedience included a model prisoner attacking a popular guard with a razor blade and rough treatment by prisoners of a prisoner being removed to solitary.
637:
In 2024, 100s of prisoners were transferred to other prisons due to the presence of unsafe levels of radon gas throughout the prison and in cells. In total 689 prisoners were required to be moved. By the summer of 2024, any remaining prisoners were ordered to be transferred out and the prison closed.
291:
on 17 February 1815. It took several weeks for the
American agent to secure ships for their transportation home, and the men grew very impatient. On 4 April, a food contractor attempted to work off some damaged hardtack on them in place of soft bread and was forced to yield by their insurrection. The
261:
were imprisoned at
Dartmoor in poor conditions (food was bad and the roofs leaked). These were either naval prisoners or impressed American seamen discharged from British vessels. Whilst the British were in overall charge of the prison, the prisoners created their own governance and culture. They had
337:
After all
American and French prisoners had been released, paroled and repatriated, the gaol on Dartmoor was left unused for 35 years until 1850. Work then began to rebuild and recommission the prison for civilian convicts. It reopened in 1851. The POW remains that had been originally buried on the
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Finally the captain, a lieutenant and the hospital surgeon (the other officers being at dinner) succeeded in stopping the shooting and started caring for the wounded – about 60, 30 seriously, besides seven killed outright. The affair was examined by a joint commission, Charles King for the United
270:
Unlike many detention facilities of the period, Dartmoor Prison was purpose built in an isolated location, ringed by high stone walls, and manned by hundreds of armed militia sentries. In addition a rope ran around the entire circumference of the prison, linked to a series of bells, which quickly
614:
In
September 2013, it was announced that discussions would commence with the Duchy of Cornwall about the long-term future of HMP Dartmoor. In January 2014 it was stated on the BBC news website that the notice period with the Duchy for closing is 10 years. In November 2015 the Ministry of Justice
295:
At about 6:00 pm on 6 April, Shortland discovered a hole from one of the five prisons to the barrack yard near the gun racks. Some prisoners were outside the fence, noisily pelting each other with turf, and many more were near the breach (and the gambling tables), though the signal for return to
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The prison's tough conditions eventually led to its worst outbreak of violence on 24 January 1932. The cause of the riots is generally attributed to prisoners' perceptions of poor quality of the food, not generally but on specific days prior to the disturbance when it was suspected it had been
292:
commandant, Captain T. G. Shortland, suspected them of a design to break out of the gaol. This was the reverse of the truth in general, as they would lose their chance of going on the ships, but a few had made threats of the sort, and the commandant was very uneasy.
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and weapons, memorabilia, clothing and uniforms, famous prisoners, and the changed focus of the prison. It also sells (2015) garden ornaments and other items made in the prison concrete and carpentry shops by prisoners engaged in educational courses.
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into the riot: "Reinforcements arrived, and within fifteen minutes these 'vicious brutes', who for some two hours had terrorized well-armed prison staff, and effectively controlled the prison, had surrendered and been locked up again".
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in France as part of a plan to find the treasure of the Count of Monte Cristo hid there. A cardboard replica is left in its place, which is left standing after the original
Dartmoor Prison sinks with all hands at the end of the
1521:
618:
It was announced in
October 2019 that HMP Dartmoor would close in 2023, but in December 2021 it was confirmed that, following negotiations with the Duchy, it would remain open beyond 2023 and for the foreseeable future.
611:" is a yearly event, in which members of the public "escape" from the prison and must travel as far as possible in four days, without directly paying for transport. By doing so they raise money for charity.
354:
In 1920, the prison began housing UK criminals. It would develop a reputation for housing some of
Britain's most serious offenders that included murderers, gangsters, thieves, spies, and robbers such as
243:, a conflict during which thousands of prisoners were taken and confined in prison "hulks" or derelict ships. This was considered unsafe, partially due to the proximity of the Royal Naval dockyard at
549:
criminals. It also holds people with convictions for sexual offences, but it is designated as a support site only for these individuals and as such does not offer treatment programmes for them.
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report condemned sanitation, as well as highlighting a list of urgent repairs needed. A year later, the prison was converted to a Category C prison for less violent offenders. In 2002, the
535:
due to severe overcrowding at the jail. A year later, however, the Chief Inspector of Prisons declared that the prison had made substantial improvements to its management and regime.
1514:
718:, Dartmoor is the prison whence the hero, Captain Denman escapes. The stage production in 1927 starred Leslie Howard and the 1930 film version starred Sir Gerald du Maurier.
254:. Construction by local labour started in 1806, taking three years to complete. In 1809, the first French prisoners arrived and the prison was full by the end of the year.
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granted release from other prisons. The cells were left unlocked, inmates wore their own clothes and could go outside to visit the village in their off-duty time.
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247:(then called Plymouth Dock), and as living conditions were appalling in the extreme, a prisoner of war depot was planned in the remote isolation of Dartmoor.
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There are also displays and information on less well known aspects of the prison such as the incarceration of conscientious objectors during World War One.
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Dartmoor operates cell accommodation on six wings. Education is available at the prison (full and part-time), and ranges from basic educational skills to
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The Dartmoor Prison Museum, located in the old dairy buildings, focuses on the history of HMP Dartmoor. Exhibits include the prison's role in housing
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to their escape car (although they had to start their escape from outside the prison grounds as they were not allowed permission inside the prison).
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film uses Dartmoor Prison in the plot as the supposed location where three music boxes were made that contain a secret code for a criminal gang.
596:. Employment is supported with NVQ or City & Guilds vocational qualifications. All courses and qualifications at Dartmoor are operated by
2026:
489:
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remained in Dartmoor because the British government refused to let them go on parole or take any steps until the treaty was ratified by the
1213:
Prisoners of War At Dartmoor, American and French Soldiers and Sailors in an English Prison During the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812
709:, Mr. Christian states to Captain Bligh that Seaman Burkitt chose service in the Royal Navy as an alternative to imprisonment at Dartmoor.
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The prison population, the bleak location, and its reputation for its harsh regime made Dartmoor one of the UK's most feared prisons.
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moor were exhumed and re-interred in two cemeteries behind the prison when the prison farm was established in about 1852. During the
1284:
880:, especially in connection with the scheming butler, Alf Stokes, who mentions on multiple occasions that he will end up in Dartmoor.
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1003:(1942), Sherlock Holmes is angrily confronted in a tavern by an ex-convict who says he had been sent to Dartmoor Prison by Holmes.
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confirmed that, as part of a major programme to replace older prisons, it would not renew its lease on the prison.
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311:) who are buried in the prison grounds. By July 1815 at least 270 Americans and 1,200 French prisoners had died.
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is sentenced to (and escapes from) Dartmoor along with a co-conspirator after being wrongly convicted of mutiny.
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begins with an escapee from Dartmoor prison, and proceeds to a flashback as to how he came to be incarcerated.
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689:) is described as a psychopathic paranoid and a convicted murderer, who once escaped from Dartmoor Prison.
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in 1917, criminals were removed from the gaol when it was converted into a Home Office Work Centre for
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As of Summer 2024, Dartmoor Prison is not being used due to safety concerns, regarding high levels of
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made reference to 'Princetown Prison' in four stories that he wrote between 1890 and 1903. In
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were demonstrating map-reading skills by pretending to escape from Dartmoor prison and cross
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588:. Full-time employment is also available in catering, farming, gardening, laundry, textiles,
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Dartmoor is now a Category C prison, which means it houses mainly non-violent offenders and
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1305:"The most notorious escapes from Dartmoor Prison - from 'Rubber Bones' to the 'Mad Axeman'"
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781:(1902), an escaped prisoner from Princetown serves as a red herring for Holmes and Watson.
481:, who eventually was deported to Brazil where the major part of his oeuvre was published.
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897:) was being held on remand for arson. He was also joined for some of the storyline by
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1692:"Prince William is Radiation Prison Landlord – Parts of UK's Oldest Jail Evacuated"
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1131:"Prisoners live in 'dilapidated' Dartmoor Prison where buckets used to catch rain"
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However, it is unclear when or even if the prison will ever be operational again.
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in the governor Serena Watts, claiming they felt bullied by managers and unsafe.
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From the spring of 1813 until March 1815, about 6,500 American sailors from the
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of parodies, included a version of "The Smurf Song" featuring, in place of the
860:
752:, first published in 1928 makes thinly disguised references to Dartmoor Prison.
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In 2023, 96 inmates of the prison had to be evacuated due to the presence of
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1425:"Cult leader who imprisoned and raped women for 30 years dies in jail at 81"
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1812: War with America, Jon Latimer, Harvard University Press, 2007 p. 239
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The Hated Cage An American Tragedy in Britain's Most Terrifying Prison
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The prison and the American sailors imprisoned towards the end of the
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in the prison bedrock and walls. No adverse health effects related to
1362:
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905:), who was imprisoned for a different offence. The prison was called
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1804:
979:(2013) involves two American seamen who escape during the 1815 riot.
1018:(1919), two passing references are made of Dartmoor as a place for
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Dartmoor is mentioned several times in the British comedy series
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1619:"Spending review: Nine new prisons to replace 'Victorian' jails"
1318:"Fascinating images of Dartmoor Prison riot sparked by porridge"
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One of the intersecting story lines in Edward Marston's novel,
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329:
485:(1996) is a poetic recollection of the time spent in Dartmoor.
1601:"Drug use and cell sharing 'still issues at Dartmoor Prison'"
1161:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
208:
185:
1111:
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771:(1931) is set on Dartmoor and features an escaped prisoner.
1690:
Latchem, Tom; Evans, Dan; Tidy, Rebecca (5 January 2024).
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1355:
1106:
573:
304:
1745:
Universal horrors: the studio's classic films, 1931–1946
1645:"Government confirms Dartmoor Prison will close in 2023"
1285:"The most notorious prisoners of Dartmoor jail revealed"
323:
The main gates of Dartmoor Prison host the inscription
1721:
A Rogue by Compulsion. An Affair of the Secret Service
1587:"Dartmoor Prison set to close in latest jail shake-up"
1352:
694:
A Rogue by Compulsion. An Affair of the Secret Service
925:
Dartmoor prison is implicated in the local Dartmoor '
523:
Dartmoor continues to suffer from its age, in 2001 a
1775:"BBC Two – James May's Man Lab, Series 2, Episode 1"
830:arranges for the prison to put to sea to visit the
397:Éamon de Valera was imprisoned at Dartmoor in 1919.
1102:. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 1068.
883:In 1988, the prison played host to a storyline in
852:) is sent to Dartmoor to uncover a planned escape.
844:television series entitled "Escape Route" (1966),
1844:
1810:HMP Dartmoor - HM Inspectorate of Prisons Reports
859:' 1978 UK No. 3 hit single "A Taste of Aggro", a
592:, contract services, furniture manufacturing and
1993:
1689:
1397:
1215:, (McParland & Company, London, 2013), p.114
948:' 1931 historical novel taking place during The
1758:Barron Knights Lyrics: A Taste Of Aggro Lyrics
1065:https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c880xly40yvo
918:series of comical children's books written by
1830:
1339:
1337:
1335:
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954:In the first episode of the second series of
490:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1665:"Dartmoor Prison to stay open 'beyond 2023'"
1258:
730:An escaped convict from Dartmoor figures in
700:begins with a dramatic escape from Dartmoor.
538:In March 2008, staff at the prison passed a
531:warned that the prison may be breaching the
327:(Trans: Spare the Vanquished) from Virgil's
1443:"Dartmoor prison sanitation 'unacceptable'"
1348:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. pp. 123–126.
1100:The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812
1837:
1823:
1343:
1330:
765:, and first published in 1932. Christie's
230:HM Dartmoor Prison, as it appeared in 1815
38:
641:
940:Dartmoor prison plays a central role in
912:Dartmoor is frequently mentioned in the
598:South Gloucestershire and Stroud College
508:
392:
318:
314:
225:
1717:
1097:
303:A memorial has been erected to the 271
14:
1994:
1742:
871:who have escaped from Dartmoor Prison.
761:, a short story collection written by
556:courses. Vocational training includes
1818:
1800:Ministry of Justice pages on Dartmoor
1520:. HM Prison & Probation Service.
1166:
1077:"Hm Dartmoor Prison, Dartmoor Forest"
665:
2027:Prison museums in the United Kingdom
1259:Adkins, Roy; Adkins, Lesley (2007).
1193:(Basic Books, New York, 2022), p.219
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
504:
410:, founder of Hammond, Louisiana, US
239:In 1805, the United Kingdom was at
214:Dartmoor Prison was given Grade II
27:Men's prison in Princetown, England
24:
2042:Grade II listed buildings in Devon
1069:
634:have been recorded at the prison.
429:Thomas William Jones, Baron Maelor
25:
2058:
1793:
1497:"Dartmoor prison staff 'bullied'"
1400:"'Terrorist' Helped Israeli Heal"
1167:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
1146:
1022:who are "quodded" (jailed) there.
807:Referenced in Bob Miller's song,
2037:Grade II listed prison buildings
1919:
1584:
1527:from the original on 28 May 2020
1461:"Dartmoor breaches Human Rights"
755:Dartmoor Prison is mentioned in
677:, the main villainous henchman,
279:Although the war ended with the
192:walls dominate this area of the
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1398:Naomi Pfefferman (9 May 2003).
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1263:. London: Abacus. p. 460.
1252:
1227:
1218:
1205:
1196:
867:, a group of bank robbers from
2017:1809 establishments in England
1183:
1170:"Dartmoor Massacre, The"
1137:
1123:
1091:
1058:
1044:
822:episode (recorded in 1956) of
283:on 24 December 1814, American
13:
1:
2002:Category C prisons in England
1479:"Prison praised for progress"
1037:
779:The Hound of the Baskervilles
712:In the John Galsworthy play,
514:
234:
196:. The prison is owned by the
1565:www.dartmoorprisonbreak.com/
1117:"History of Dartmoor Prison"
811:, more recently recorded by
671:In the 1963 James Bond film
349:
202:His Majesty's Prison Service
114:640 (as of January 2016)
7:
1764:. Retrieved 15 January 2014
1515:"Action Plan: HMP Dartmoor"
706:Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)
250:The prison was designed by
10:
2063:
1079:. British Listed Buildings
265:
241:war with Napoleonic France
221:
1928:
1917:
1853:
626:, caused by the decay of
184:in the English county of
176:men's prison, located in
154:
144:
134:
126:
118:
110:
100:
61:
50:
46:
37:
1718:Bridges, Victor (1915).
1363:"Dartmoor Prison Museum"
1098:Lossing, Benson (1868).
172:is a currently inactive
1561:"Dartmoor Prison Break"
1020:conscientious objectors
578:Painting and Decorating
344:conscientious objectors
1805:Dartmoor Prison Museum
1344:Fitzgerald, M (1977).
1261:The War for All Oceans
1239:www.uswarmemorials.org
1176:Encyclopedia Americana
642:Dartmoor Prison Museum
520:
499:Aravindan Balakrishnan
494:1978 London bus attack
398:
357:Jack “the Hat” McVitie
334:
252:Daniel Asher Alexander
231:
977:Shadow of the Hangman
826:radio comedy series,
820:Tales of Old Dartmoor
768:The Sittaford Mystery
758:The Thirteen Problems
724:A Cottage on Dartmoor
674:From Russia with Love
654:and the War of 1812,
540:vote of no confidence
533:Human Rights Act 1998
512:
492:terrorist behind the
483:"A Balada do Cárcere"
464:Reginald Horace Blyth
396:
322:
315:Closure and reopening
229:
200:, and is operated by
105:Adult Male/Category C
1743:Weaver, Tom (2007).
1467:. 19 September 2002.
1025:The narrator of the
740:, published in 1926.
692:The adventure story
289:United States Senate
85:50.54972°N 3.99611°W
1724:. Project Gutenberg
1449:. 14 November 2001.
1346:Prisoners in Revolt
1326:. 17 February 2017.
1313:. 14 February 2021.
1293:. 15 December 2017.
1000:The Voice of Terror
957:James May's Man Lab
815:on his debut album.
582:industrial cleaning
529:Prison Reform Trust
434:John Boyle O'Reilly
81: /
34:
1966:St Briavels Castle
1847:South West England
1671:. 22 December 2021
1653:. 25 October 2019.
1235:"Monument Details"
1133:. 3 November 2020.
992:Mad Blood Stirring
944:, American author
857:The Barron Knights
775:Arthur Conan Doyle
666:In popular culture
609:Dartmoor Jailbreak
586:desktop publishing
521:
399:
335:
232:
170:HM Prison Dartmoor
139:HM Prison Services
90:50.54972; -3.99611
32:
1989:
1988:
1956:Launceston Castle
1625:. 9 November 2015
1607:. 6 January 2014.
1547:"Dartmoor Prison"
1377:"Bruno Tolentino"
1270:978-0-349-11916-8
1189:Guyatt, Nicholas
1052:"Dartmoor Prison"
877:You Rang, M'Lord?
838:In an episode of
796:Mentioned in the
570:City & Guilds
525:Board of Visitors
505:Modern operations
474:John George Haigh
389:Notable prisoners
365:John George Haigh
361:Jack “Spot” Comer
325:Parcere Subiectis
198:Duchy of Cornwall
167:
166:
162:at justice.gov.uk
16:(Redirected from
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2022:Museums in Devon
2012:Prisons in Devon
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1379:. Vide Editorial
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1054:. 2 August 2022.
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813:Daniel O'Donnell
809:Twenty-One Years
802:Twenty One Years
745:Decline and Fall
648:prisoners of war
602:Cornwall College
519:
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513:Dartmoor prison
285:prisoners of war
216:heritage listing
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946:Kenneth Roberts
942:The Lively Lady
895:Leslie Grantham
828:Grytpype-Thynne
791:Sherlock Holmes
786:Dressed to Kill
763:Agatha Christie
734:'s first novel
721:The 1929 movie
668:
652:Napoleonic Wars
644:
632:radon poisoning
554:Open University
517:
507:
479:Bruno Tolentino
444:Éamon de Valera
382:du Parcq report
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1779:. Retrieved
1769:
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1747:. McFarland.
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1726:. Retrieved
1720:
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1697:Byline Times
1695:
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1673:. Retrieved
1668:
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1650:Daily Mirror
1648:
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1627:. Retrieved
1622:
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1529:. Retrieved
1509:
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1429:Daily Mirror
1428:
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1407:. Retrieved
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1381:. Retrieved
1371:
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1242:. Retrieved
1238:
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1190:
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1174:
1139:
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1099:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1071:
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1016:Mr Standfast
998:
991:
976:
955:
941:
913:
907:Dickens Hill
884:
875:
855:Comedy band
839:
832:Château d'If
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750:Evelyn Waugh
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424:Moondyne Joe
414:Fred Longden
378:
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269:
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249:
238:
213:
206:
188:. Its high
169:
168:
33:HMP Dartmoor
29:
1845:Prisons in
1728:27 December
1675:28 December
1629:14 November
1409:12 November
1383:11 December
1008:John Buchan
984:War of 1812
950:War of 1812
931:ghost story
927:Hairy hands
920:Mark Haddon
903:John Altman
901:(played by
899:Nick Cotton
893:(played by
850:Roger Moore
732:Nevil Shute
687:Robert Shaw
685:(played by
558:electronics
518: 2017
419:John Rodker
259:War of 1812
150:Steve Mead
88: /
63:Coordinates
2047:Princetown
1996:Categories
1951:Gloucester
1946:Dorchester
1896:Guys Marsh
1781:26 October
1038:References
988:Simon Mayo
886:EastEnders
696:(1915) by
235:POW prison
180:, high on
178:Princetown
174:Category C
135:Managed by
111:Population
73:50°32′59″N
55:Princetown
1976:Stapleton
1911:The Verne
1886:Erlestoke
1703:6 January
1010:'s third
966:Oz Clarke
962:James May
891:Den Watts
841:The Saint
824:The Goons
789:, a 1946
683:Red Grant
681:assassin
650:from the
624:radon gas
594:polishing
580:courses,
566:carpentry
562:brickwork
350:Notoriety
245:Devonport
218:in 1987.
76:3°59′46″W
2007:Dartmoor
1906:Portland
1876:Dartmoor
1861:Ashfield
1669:BBC News
1623:BBC News
1605:BBC News
1531:7 August
1522:Archived
1501:BBC News
1483:BBC News
1465:BBC News
1447:BBC News
1083:19 March
970:Dartmoor
889:, where
835:episode.
656:manacles
307:(mostly
275:Disorder
182:Dartmoor
160:Dartmoor
146:Governor
51:Location
1941:Devizes
1929:Defunct
1901:Leyhill
1866:Bristol
1570:3 March
1244:26 June
1165::
915:Agent Z
869:Catford
818:In the
804:(1970).
737:Marazan
679:SPECTRE
628:uranium
590:Braille
576:level,
266:Escapes
222:History
190:granite
155:Website
57:, Devon
1936:Bodmin
1891:Exeter
1854:Active
1267:
1029:novel
1014:novel
935:legend
865:Smurfs
861:medley
715:Escape
375:Mutiny
367:, and
330:Aeneid
309:seamen
127:Closed
119:Opened
1981:Weare
1777:. BBC
1525:(PDF)
1518:(PDF)
800:song
607:The "
209:radon
186:Devon
1783:2011
1730:2012
1705:2024
1677:2021
1631:2015
1572:2020
1533:2021
1411:2018
1385:2017
1265:ISBN
1246:2022
1085:2016
964:and
600:and
584:and
572:and
564:and
305:POWs
194:moor
130:2024
122:1809
1006:In
997:In
703:In
574:NVQ
211:.
1998::
1760:.
1694:.
1667:.
1647:.
1621:.
1603:.
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1499:.
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1463:.
1445:.
1427:.
1402:.
1354:^
1332:^
1320:.
1307:.
1287:.
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1173:.
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994:.
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933:/
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909:.
848:(
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20:)
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