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itself, which is analogous to "blobs of liquid condensing spontaneously out of a cooling gas". This not only alters the understanding of black holes, but has the potential to explain the
203:
In the dark-energy star hypothesis, infalling matter approaching the event horizon decays into successively lighter particles. Nearing the event horizon, environmental effects accelerate
343:
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468:
Chapline, George; Hohlfeld, E.; Laughlin, R. B.; Santiago, D. I. (2003). "Quantum Phase
Transitions and the Failure of Classical General Relativity".
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sources in the sky. When the matter falls through the event horizon, the energy equivalent of some or all of that matter is converted into
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object, which a minority of physicists think might constitute an alternative explanation for observations of astronomical
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counteracts the mass the star gains, avoiding a singularity. The negative pressure also gives a very high number for the
169:, an object falling towards a black hole would, to an outside observer, seem to have time pass infinitely slowly at the
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do not exist and are instead dark-energy stars. The dark-energy star is a different concept from that of a
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dissipate their energy into the superfluid, so that the zero sound speed condition is never encountered.
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in the phase of space occurs at the event horizon. He based his ideas on the physics of
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Hypothetical object that potentially explains accelerating universal expansion
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115:. The space within the event horizon would end up with a large value for the
112:
104:
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196:, so that it approaches zero. However, at that point, quantum physics makes
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Furthermore, 'primordial' dark-energy stars could form by fluctuations of
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Proceedings of the Texas
Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics
295:"Frozen Stars Black holes may not be bottomless pits after all"
540:
344:"Black hole pretenders could really be bizarre quantum stars"
103:. The theory states that infalling matter is converted into
2325:
1544:
173:. The object itself would feel as if time flowed normally.
3026:
207:. This may account for high-energy cosmic-ray sources and
2691:
188:. As a column of superfluid grows taller, at some point,
1513:
3042:
293:
157:Dark-energy stars were first proposed because in
3102:
432:
526:
406:Chapline, George (2005). "Dark Energy Stars".
1529:
556:
378:"Three cosmic enigmas, one audacious answer"
180:with black holes, Chapline theorized that a
119:and have negative pressure to exert against
123:. There would be no information-destroying
1536:
1522:
1122:Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object
563:
549:
481:
470:International Journal of Modern Physics A
458:
415:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
435:"Have Nucleon Decays Already Been Seen?"
405:
371:
369:
287:
285:
32:This article includes a list of general
3103:
375:
291:
1517:
544:
433:Barbieri, J.; Chapline, G. ″ (2004).
366:
282:
1498:
341:
18:
13:
249:Black star (semiclassical gravity)
111:, as the matter falls through the
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3152:
527:George Chapline (28 March 2005).
515:
314:10.1038/scientificamerican0703-20
146:makes it a "near certainty" that
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3025:
3015:
3014:
1497:
1488:
1487:
786:Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
657:
23:
903:Innermost stable circular orbit
570:
342:Choi, Charles (16 March 2018).
1329:Timeline of black hole physics
460:10.1016/j.physletb.2004.03.054
376:Merali, Zeeya (9 March 2006).
335:
292:Musser, George (7 July 2003).
238:that are indirectly observed.
1:
3116:Dark concepts in astrophysics
2927:Timeline of stellar astronomy
1097:Nonsingular black hole models
522:MPIE Galactic Center Research
275:
529:"Black holes 'do not exist'"
192:increases, slowing down the
96:The concept was proposed by
7:
2587:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
1319:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
1284:Hypercompact stellar system
1274:Gamma-ray burst progenitors
241:
10:
3157:
2501:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
1005:Black hole complementarity
972:Bousso's holographic bound
957:Quasi-periodic oscillation
655:
649:Malament–Hogarth spacetime
399:
85:is a hypothetical compact
3010:
2935:
2784:
2682:
2610:
2509:
2366:
2241:
2119:
2028:
1764:
1755:
1634:
1564:
1551:
1543:
1483:
1357:
1209:
1171:
1150:
1089:
1048:
997:
876:Gravitational singularity
863:
756:
666:
591:
578:
500:10.1142/S0217751X03016380
165:is required; however, in
130:
2880:With multiple exoplanets
1460:PSO J030947.49+271757.31
1385:SDSS J150243.09+111557.3
918:Blandford–Znajek process
1666:Asymptotic giant branch
716:Active galactic nucleus
53:more precise citations.
3002:Tidal disruption event
2491:Circumstellar envelope
1725:Luminous blue variable
1344:Tidal disruption event
1314:Supermassive dark star
1232:Black holes in fiction
1217:Outline of black holes
850:Supermassive dark star
769:Gravitational collapse
176:In order to reconcile
2527:Effective temperature
1222:Black Hole Initiative
1035:Holographic principle
221:cosmological constant
117:cosmological constant
2997:Planet-hosting stars
2875:With resolved images
2846:Historical brightest
2776:Photometric-standard
2702:Solar radio emission
2496:Eddington luminosity
2276:Triple-alpha process
2214:Thorne–Żytkow object
1589:Young stellar object
1025:Final parsec problem
984:Schwarzschild radius
2821:Highest temperature
2592:Color–color diagram
2457:Protoplanetary disk
2261:Proton–proton chain
1939:Chemically peculiar
1324:Superluminal motion
1299:Population III star
1269:Gravitational waves
1227:Black hole starship
1010:Information paradox
492:2003IJMPA..18.3587C
451:2004PhLB..590....8B
426:2005tsra.conf..101C
348:Scientific American
301:Scientific American
3126:Hypothetical stars
2826:Lowest temperature
2577:Photometric system
2547:Absolute magnitude
2481:Circumstellar dust
2094:Stellar black hole
1730:Stellar population
1616:Herbig–Haro object
1158:Optical black hole
1071:Reissner–Nordström
1030:Firewall (physics)
935:Gravitational lens
269:Stellar black hole
167:general relativity
3040:
3039:
2943:Substellar object
2922:Planetary nebulae
2341:Luminous red nova
2251:Deuterium burning
2237:
2236:
1720:Instability strip
1700:Wolf-Rayet nebula
1654:Horizontal branch
1599:Pre-main-sequence
1511:
1510:
1304:Supermassive star
1294:Naked singularity
1289:Membrane paradigm
1015:Cosmic censorship
989:Spaghettification
977:Immirzi parameter
930:Hawking radiation
871:Astrophysical jet
840:Supermassive star
830:Binary black hole
764:Stellar evolution
706:Intermediate-mass
535:subscription only
476:(21): 3587–3590.
439:Physics Letters B
217:negative pressure
178:quantum mechanics
144:quantum mechanics
79:
78:
71:
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3091:
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3067:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3032:Stars portal
3030:
3029:
3018:
3017:
2674:Planetary system
2597:Strömgren sphere
2469:Asteroseismology
2190:Black hole star
1762:
1761:
1688:Planetary nebula
1649:Red-giant branch
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1163:Sonic black hole
1112:Dark-energy star
967:Bekenstein bound
952:M–sigma relation
881:Ring singularity
661:
565:
558:
551:
542:
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532:
511:
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462:
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417:astro-ph/0503200
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361:
359:
350:. Archived from
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182:phase transition
83:dark-energy star
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
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3131:Quantum gravity
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3043:
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3036:
3024:
3006:
2931:
2900:Milky Way novae
2836:Smallest volume
2780:
2761:Radial velocity
2684:
2678:
2630:Common envelope
2606:
2505:
2474:Helioseismology
2445:Bipolar outflow
2386:Microturbulence
2381:Convection zone
2362:
2256:Lithium burning
2243:Nucleosynthesis
2233:
2115:
2024:
1751:
1630:
1579:Molecular cloud
1560:
1547:
1542:
1512:
1507:
1479:
1455:ULAS J1342+0928
1415:SDSS J0849+1114
1400:Phoenix Cluster
1353:
1205:
1167:
1146:
1085:
1044:
1040:No-hair theorem
993:
947:Bondi accretion
913:Penrose process
859:
825:Gamma-ray burst
752:
662:
653:
639:Direct collapse
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354:on 17 June 2019
340:
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159:quantum physics
140:George Chapline
135:In March 2005,
133:
101:George Chapline
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3154:
3144:
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3138:
3136:Fringe physics
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2831:Largest volume
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2542:Magnetic field
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2452:Accretion disk
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2428:Alfvén surface
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2423:Stellar corona
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2398:Radiation zone
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2020:Blue straggler
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1778:Main sequence
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1757:Classification
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1693:Protoplanetary
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1475:Swift J1644+57
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1425:MS 0735.6+7421
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1390:Sagittarius A*
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531:. Nature News.
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516:External links
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2053:Helium planet
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2043:Parker's star
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2018:
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1375:XTE J1118+480
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898:Photon sphere
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893:Event horizon
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831:
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819:
818:Related links
816:
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796:Related links
794:
793:
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779:Related links
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604:Schwarzschild
602:
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584:
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501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
483:gr-qc/0012094
479:
475:
471:
466:
461:
456:
452:
448:
445:(1–2): 8–12.
444:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
418:
413:
409:
404:
403:
383:
382:New Scientist
379:
372:
370:
353:
349:
345:
338:
323:
319:
315:
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296:
288:
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214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
171:event horizon
168:
164:
163:absolute time
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
142:claimed that
141:
138:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:event horizon
110:
106:
105:vacuum energy
102:
99:
94:
92:
88:
87:astrophysical
84:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3095:Solar System
2895:White dwarfs
2885:Brown dwarfs
2868:Most distant
2816:Most massive
2794:Proper names
2754:Photographic
2707:Solar System
2685:observations
2612:Star systems
2435:Stellar wind
2418:Chromosphere
2391:Oscillations
2271:Helium flash
2173:
2121:Hypothetical
2099:X-ray binary
2038:Compact star
1873:Bright giant
1626:Henyey track
1604:Herbig Ae/Be
1405:PKS 1302-102
1279:Gravity well
1247:Compact star
1201:Microquasars
1186:Most massive
1111:
1090:Alternatives
855:X-ray binary
774:Neutron star
711:Supermassive
688:Hawking star
629:Supermassive
534:
473:
469:
442:
438:
407:
385:. Retrieved
356:. Retrieved
352:the original
337:
325:. Retrieved
305:
299:
225:
205:proton decay
202:
175:
156:
134:
95:
93:candidates.
82:
80:
65:
56:
37:
3141:Dark energy
3121:Dark matter
3111:Black holes
3083:Outer space
3071:Spaceflight
2948:Brown dwarf
2724:Circumpolar
2602:Kraft break
2582:Color index
2557:Metallicity
2517:Designation
2486:Cosmic dust
2408:Photosphere
2174:Dark-energy
2149:Electroweak
2134:Black dwarf
2065:Radio-quiet
2048:White dwarf
1934:White dwarf
1584:Bok globule
1395:Centaurus A
1349:Planet Nine
1252:Exotic star
1181:Black holes
1127:Planck star
1076:Kerr–Newman
791:White dwarf
741:Radio-Quiet
699:Microquasar
572:Black holes
308:(1): 20–1.
259:Dark matter
254:Dark energy
236:dark matter
232:dark energy
213:dark energy
198:sound waves
186:superfluids
148:black holes
125:singularity
109:dark energy
51:introducing
3105:Categories
2910:Candidates
2905:Supernovae
2890:Red dwarfs
2749:Extinction
2537:Kinematics
2532:Luminosity
2510:Properties
2403:Atmosphere
2301:Si burning
2291:Ne burning
2229:White hole
2202:Quasi-star
2129:Blue dwarf
1984:Technetium
1900:Hypergiant
1878:Supergiant
1445:Q0906+6930
1435:Hercules A
1365:Cygnus X-1
1334:White hole
1309:Quasi-star
1262:Preon star
1257:Quark star
1242:Big Bounce
1102:Black star
1060:Derivation
908:Ergosphere
864:Properties
845:Quasi-star
835:Quark star
746:Radio-Loud
634:Primordial
624:Kugelblitz
276:References
91:black hole
59:April 2010
34:references
3059:Astronomy
2841:Brightest
2739:Magnitude
2719:Pole star
2640:Symbiotic
2635:Eclipsing
2567:Starlight
2368:Structure
2358:Supernova
2351:Micronova
2346:Recurrent
2331:Symbiotic
2316:p-process
2311:r-process
2306:s-process
2296:O burning
2286:C burning
2266:CNO cycle
2209:Gravastar
1745:Hypernova
1735:Supernova
1710:Dredge-up
1683:Blue loop
1676:super-AGB
1659:Red clump
1636:Evolution
1594:Protostar
1574:Accretion
1566:Formation
1470:AT2018hyz
1117:Gravastar
1107:Dark star
940:Microlens
813:Hypernova
808:Micronova
803:Supernova
757:Formation
508:119456781
264:Gravastar
228:spacetime
152:gravastar
137:physicist
98:physicist
3020:Category
2915:Remnants
2811:Extremes
2771:Parallax
2744:Apparent
2734:Asterism
2712:Sunlight
2662:Globular
2647:Multiple
2572:Variable
2562:Rotation
2522:Dynamics
2413:Starspot
2087:Magnetar
2030:Remnants
1846:Subgiant
1819:Subdwarf
1671:post-AGB
1493:Category
1380:A0620-00
1339:Wormhole
1237:Big Bang
1137:Fuzzball
1020:ER = EPR
886:Theorems
684:Electron
679:Extremal
609:Rotating
358:1 August
322:12840938
242:See also
209:positron
3045:Portals
2987:Gravity
2936:Related
2856:Nearest
2804:Chinese
2652:Cluster
2625:Contact
2462:Proplyd
2336:Remnant
2224:Blitzar
2198:Hawking
2154:Strange
2104:Burster
2060:Neutron
2013:Extreme
1964:He-weak
1609:T Tauri
1503:Commons
1465:P172+18
1420:TON 618
1358:Notable
1210:Related
1196:Quasars
1191:Nearest
1151:Analogs
1081:Hayward
1049:Metrics
694:Stellar
619:Virtual
614:Charged
583:Outline
488:Bibcode
447:Bibcode
422:Bibcode
410:: 101.
400:Sources
387:20 July
327:20 July
215:. This
190:density
121:gravity
47:improve
2977:Galaxy
2965:Planet
2953:Desert
2861:bright
2799:Arabic
2620:Binary
2440:Bubble
2164:Planck
2139:Exotic
2075:Binary
2070:Pulsar
2008:Helium
1969:Barium
1912:Carbon
1905:Yellow
1893:Yellow
1866:Yellow
1705:PG1159
1440:3C 273
1430:NeVe 1
1410:OJ 287
1132:Q star
998:Issues
731:Blazar
721:Quasar
506:
320:
131:Theory
36:, but
2982:Guest
2786:Lists
2667:Super
2321:Fusor
2194:Black
2179:Quark
2159:Preon
2144:Boson
2080:X-ray
1996:Shell
1949:Ap/Bp
1851:Giant
1769:Early
1715:OH/IR
1545:Stars
1173:Lists
674:Micro
644:Rogue
592:Types
504:S2CID
478:arXiv
412:arXiv
2657:Open
2552:Mass
2376:Core
2326:Nova
2219:Iron
2169:Dark
1979:Lead
1959:HgMn
1954:CEMP
1883:Blue
1856:Blue
1774:Late
1556:List
1142:Geon
1066:Kerr
667:Size
389:2012
360:2019
329:2012
318:PMID
234:and
2958:Sub
2692:Sun
2111:SGR
1888:Red
1861:Red
736:OVV
726:LQG
496:doi
455:doi
443:590
310:doi
306:289
107:or
3107::
1991:Be
1944:Am
1927:CH
1922:CN
1841:OB
1836:WR
502:.
494:.
486:.
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472:.
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368:^
346:.
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284:^
223:.
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81:A
3047::
2184:Q
2003:B
1917:S
1829:B
1824:O
1812:M
1807:K
1802:G
1797:F
1792:A
1787:B
1782:O
1537:e
1530:t
1523:v
1062:)
1058:(
564:e
557:t
550:v
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