1738:
309:
42:
1918:
486:
1843:
412:
26:
3043:
1793:
363:
1948:
515:
1713:
285:
49:
657:
740:
The area is poorly charted, making it exceptionally dangerous to navigate – the major
Singapore-to-Hong-Kong routes go well to the west and east of the area. The Admiralty Sailing Directions give the following warning regarding navigation in this area:
759:
The boundary of
Dangerous Ground is shown on NGA charts 93044 (NW), 93045 (NE), 93046 (most of the SE), and 93047 (SW). (The missing portion of the SE is covered by 93048 and the top corner of 92006.)
745:
Due to the conflicting dates and accuracy of the various partial surveys of
Dangerous Ground, certain shoals and reefs may appear on one chart, but not on another regardless of the scales involved.
178:
747:
Charted depths and their locations may present considerable error in the lesser known regions of this area. Avoidance of
Dangerous Ground is the mariner’s only assurance of safety.
796:
770:
include most of the NW area shown on Chart 93044 as outside of
Dangerous ground, but exclude the Reed Bank, which is shown on Chart 93045 as inside Dangerous Ground.
3088:
933:
1056:
835:
2254:
2247:
1128:
1000:
973:
812:
3068:
2406:
2163:
1612:
1304:
1267:
1060:
1052:
843:
831:
687:
219:
3103:
1569:
David Hancox, Victor
Prescott, "A Geographical Description of the Spratly Islands and an Account of Hydrographic Surveys Amongst Those Islands",
1308:
1230:
1010:
847:
1190:
1186:
1034:
1026:
957:
74:
1106:
1048:
1030:
983:
804:
1038:
996:
979:
3098:
2895:
2178:
1326:
851:
839:
199:
41:
3078:
2216:
643:
3083:
1564:
3003:
2426:
2158:
1406:
1387:
703:
223:
709:
3073:
1536:
1514:
1492:
1470:
1451:
1427:
766:. The navigational charts and sailing directions do not completely agree with each other as to the boundary. For example, the
694:(630 km), 175 nm (324 km) at its widest, with an area of about 52,000 nm (178,000 km). It is west of
1605:
2915:
2416:
2168:
1847:
203:
263:
2173:
1582:
235:
148:
751:
The water is a usually greenish-blue and is transparent to depths of 24–42 metres (79–138 ft) on clear days.
2741:
2325:
1975:
1598:
532:
2900:
2297:
215:
2956:
2926:
2575:
2320:
2282:
2209:
2146:
1860:
1635:
636:
429:
255:
239:
2287:
2100:
596:
231:
2938:
1646:
2944:
679:
awash, with reefs often rising abruptly from ocean depths greater than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).
3108:
3093:
2202:
629:
2996:
2910:
2869:
2141:
195:
3008:
2932:
3113:
3018:
2674:
1990:
1194:
1018:
542:
2920:
2879:
1995:
1275:
pp13–15. Other parts of the
Spratly Islands which are not inside Dangerous Ground include:
929:
8:
2950:
2772:
2719:
2626:
2105:
1980:
1895:
1110:
1092:
601:
464:
272:
2856:
2689:
2657:
2611:
2590:
2411:
2152:
2115:
2085:
1970:
1820:
1770:
1401:
1252:
1222:
1155:
1124:
1022:
390:
341:
211:
3013:
2453:
2388:
2376:
1678:
1640:
1578:
821:
790:
259:
1533:
1511:
1489:
1467:
1448:
1424:
3023:
2977:
2746:
2734:
2729:
2547:
2371:
2302:
2274:
2065:
2000:
1905:
1755:
1282:
965:
695:
474:
326:
2988:
2823:
2777:
2662:
2585:
2398:
2265:
2225:
2090:
2040:
1683:
1621:
1585:
1540:
1518:
1496:
1474:
1455:
1431:
1163:
1084:
699:
668:
586:
562:
169:
153:
109:
2905:
2864:
2846:
2756:
2724:
2694:
2606:
2580:
2532:
2527:
2312:
2183:
2095:
2055:
2015:
1935:
1930:
1885:
1855:
1825:
1750:
1290:
1244:
1212:
1175:
1014:
907:
591:
572:
503:
498:
454:
424:
395:
321:
177:
3062:
3047:
2874:
2669:
2616:
2517:
2500:
2463:
2458:
2351:
2330:
2241:
2233:
2050:
2020:
2005:
1890:
1880:
1805:
1775:
1226:
1171:
1120:
895:
878:
808:
800:
724:
711:
691:
567:
552:
459:
449:
375:
346:
89:
76:
1331:
The sovereignty of many of the islands is disputed, as are economic claims.
2803:
2714:
2647:
2621:
2557:
2473:
2381:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2060:
2025:
1985:
1900:
1830:
1673:
1312:
1286:
1204:
1167:
1159:
1102:
925:
861:
773:
Both publications divide the area into four quadrants - NW, NE, SE and SW:
616:
611:
606:
537:
469:
400:
2840:
2798:
2793:
2679:
2652:
2642:
2542:
2512:
2507:
2490:
2485:
2346:
2030:
1965:
1960:
1870:
1865:
1842:
1810:
1765:
1760:
1725:
1693:
1688:
1668:
1300:
1248:
1208:
1150:
1088:
961:
911:
899:
890:
882:
873:
527:
439:
434:
417:
411:
380:
336:
331:
297:
30:
Map of the South China Sea area showing the location of
Dangerous Ground
2684:
2495:
2045:
1875:
1815:
1240:
915:
827:
444:
385:
3042:
2751:
2478:
2292:
2010:
1780:
991:
865:
764:
Sailing
Directions (Enroute) South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand
547:
351:
690:. It is an oblong area running southwest to northeast for about 340
2522:
2421:
2035:
1797:
1792:
903:
557:
368:
362:
227:
2194:
1590:
1952:
1947:
520:
514:
702:. It lies approximately between 7.5 and 12°N, 113–117°E. The US
1922:
1917:
1717:
1712:
686:
corresponds roughly to the seas around the eastern half of the
491:
485:
290:
284:
1556:
C.S. Hutchison, V.R. Vijayan, "What are the
Spratly Islands?"
25:
1742:
1737:
676:
656:
314:
308:
672:
1499:
SE Spratlys, Brunei, North Borneo and Southern Philippines
824:– southern and eastern sections; Trident & Lys Shoals
1407:
United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
1297:
1.44 – 1.48 South West and South of Dangerous Ground
671:characterized by many low islands and cays, sunken
1534:http://www.oceangrafix.com/chart/zoom?chart=93047
1512:http://www.oceangrafix.com/chart/zoom?chart=93046
1490:http://www.oceangrafix.com/chart/zoom?chart=92006
1468:http://www.oceangrafix.com/chart/zoom?chart=93022
1449:http://www.oceangrafix.com/chart/zoom?chart=93045
1425:http://www.oceangrafix.com/chart/zoom?chart=93044
3060:
2407:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
2164:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
1268:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
220:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
67:
2435:
1261:
3089:Territorial disputes of the Republic of China
2210:
1606:
667:is a large area in the southeast part of the
637:
1347:Chart 93048 is not easily available on-line.
2179:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
1327:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
706:literature seems to consider its centre as
660:Map showing the areas covered by NGA charts
200:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
2217:
2203:
1613:
1599:
946:Chart 93045 – approx. 10–12°N, 115–117°E;
781:Chart 93044 – approx. 10–12°N, 113–115°E;
644:
630:
1529:
1527:
1507:
1505:
1485:
1483:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1141:Chart 93047 – approx. 8–10°N, 113–115°E;
1073:Chart 93046 – approx. 8–10°N, 115–117°E;
139:52,000 sq nmi (180,000 km)
1393:South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
655:
182:Spratly Islands military occupations map
48:
3069:Territorial disputes of the Philippines
2427:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
2159:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
1320:
762:The area is described in NGA Pub. 161,
682:There are few precise definitions, but
332:Gaven Reefs, Nanxun Reef and Xinan Reef
224:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
3104:Disputed territories in Southeast Asia
3061:
2951:Designation of the West Philippine Sea
1524:
1502:
1480:
1461:
1437:
1413:
1341:
2198:
1594:
1361:
1279:1.41 – 1.43 West of Dangerous Ground
298:Louisa Reef-Semarang Barat Kecil Reef
2916:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
2417:Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases
2224:
2169:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
1620:
232:Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases
204:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
13:
3099:Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean
1550:
1521:Most of the SE of Dangerous Ground
543:Cornwallis South Reef, Nui Le Reef
465:Second Thomas Shoal, Ayungin Shoal
445:Loaita Cay, Melchora Aquino Island
401:Swallow Reef, Layang-Layang Island
391:Investigator Shoal, Peninjau Shoal
264:Johnson South Reef skirmish (1988)
208:Dangerous Ground (South China Sea)
14:
3125:
2174:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads
858:1.23 Thitu Reefs and surrounding
568:Southwest Cay, Song Tu Tay Island
236:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads
3079:Territorial disputes of Malaysia
3041:
1946:
1916:
1841:
1791:
1736:
1711:
793:– northern and western sections
573:Spratly Island, Truong Sa Island
563:Sin Cowe Island, Sinh Ton Island
513:
484:
410:
361:
307:
283:
176:
47:
40:
24:
3084:Territorial disputes of Vietnam
1558:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
342:Johnson South Reef, Chigua Reef
2901:History of the Spratly Islands
1389:Sailing Directions (Enroute),
504:Itu Aba Island, Taiping Island
475:West York Island, Likas Island
396:Mariveles Reef, Mantanani Reef
327:Fiery Cross Reef, Yongshu Reef
216:History of the Spratly Islands
1:
3074:Territorial disputes of China
2957:Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff
2927:Battle of the Paracel Islands
2147:Free Territory of Freedomland
1636:Southwest Cay incident (1975)
1354:
754:
553:Namyit Island, Nam Yet Island
256:Southwest Cay incident (1975)
240:Free Territory of Freedomland
2101:Northeast Investigator Shoal
698:island and northwest of the
597:Northeast Investigator Shoal
460:Northeast Cay, Parola Island
455:Nanshan Island, Lawak Island
322:Cuarteron Reef, Huayang Reef
7:
2939:Johnson South Reef skirmish
1647:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
1262:Outside of Dangerous Ground
1117:1.33 & 1.34 Western SE
1081:1.30 & 1.31 Eastern SE
1007:1.27 & 1.28 Central NE
528:Amboyna Cay, An Bang Island
470:Thitu Island, Pagasa Island
10:
3130:
2945:Scarborough Shoal standoff
1324:
1265:
499:Centre Cay, Zhongzhou Reef
450:Loaita Island, Kota Island
440:Lankiam Cay, Panata Island
435:Irving Reef, Balagtas Reef
425:Commodore Reef, Rizal Reef
131:175 nmi (324 km)
123:340 nmi (630 km)
3036:
2993:Paracel Islands Airports
2966:
2888:
2855:
2832:
2816:
2786:
2765:
2707:
2635:
2599:
2568:
2446:
2397:
2364:
2339:
2311:
2273:
2264:
2232:
2134:
2078:
1944:
1914:
1839:
1789:
1734:
1709:
1702:
1656:
1628:
954:1.27 East of Loaita Bank
922:1.26 West of Tizard Bank
538:Collins Reef, Co Lin Reef
430:Flat Island, Patag Island
347:Mischief Reef, Meiji Reef
337:Hughes Reef, Dongmen Reef
147:
143:
135:
127:
119:
115:
105:
66:
35:
23:
18:
3004:Spratly Islands Airports
1334:
260:East Sea Campaign (1975)
2911:Spratly Islands dispute
2142:Spratly Islands dispute
1573:(University of Durham)
558:Sand Cay, Son Ca Island
376:Ardasier Reef, Ubi Reef
196:Spratly Islands dispute
164:Part of a series on the
2933:Southwest Cay incident
1409:. 2017. p. 11-17.
976:(East of Tizard Bank)
749:
661:
386:Erica Reef, Siput Reef
381:Dallas Reef, Laya Reef
2675:Cornwallis South Reef
1991:Cornwallis South Reef
1195:Cornwallis South Reef
1136:
1068:
941:
776:
743:
659:
352:Subi Reef, Zhubi Reef
2921:Battle of Leyte Gulf
2896:Territorial disputes
2880:Tambelan Archipelago
1996:Discovery Great Reef
1321:Territorial disputes
934:Discovery Small Reef
930:Discovery Great Reef
533:Bombay Castle, Ba Ke
273:Military occupations
2773:Royal Captain Shoal
2720:Central London Reef
2627:Second Thomas Shoal
2422:Vietnamese DK1 rigs
2106:Royal Captain Shoal
2079:Unoccupied features
1981:Central London Reef
1896:Second Thomas Shoal
1543:SW Dangerous Ground
1458:NE Dangerous Ground
1434:NW Dangerous Ground
1111:Second Thomas Shoal
1093:Royal Captain Shoal
1057:Lord Auckland Shoal
836:Farquharson Patches
721: /
692:nautical miles (nm)
602:Royal Captain Shoal
548:Ladd Reef, Lat Reef
228:Vietnamese DK1 rigs
86: /
2857:Tudjuh Archipelago
2690:Investigator Shoal
2658:Johnson South Reef
2612:First Thomas Shoal
2591:Third Thomas Shoal
2412:Great Wall of Sand
2255:South Vereker Bank
2248:North Vereker Bank
2153:Great Wall of Sand
2116:Third Thomas Shoal
2086:First Thomas Shoal
1971:Barque Canada Reef
1821:Investigator Shoal
1771:Johnson South Reef
1539:2015-09-24 at the
1517:2015-09-24 at the
1495:2015-09-24 at the
1473:2019-06-17 at the
1454:2015-09-24 at the
1430:2015-09-24 at the
1402:Sailing Directions
1273:Sailing Directions
1253:Barque Canada Reef
1223:Investigator Shoal
1143:Sailing Directions
1125:First Thomas Shoal
1075:Sailing Directions
1023:Third Thomas Shoal
948:Sailing Directions
783:Sailing Directions
768:Sailing Directions
662:
212:Great Wall of Sand
3056:
3055:
3048:Oceans portal
2812:
2811:
2703:
2702:
2454:North Danger Reef
2389:Scarborough Shoal
2377:Macclesfield Bank
2360:
2359:
2192:
2191:
2074:
2073:
1703:Occupied features
1679:North Danger Reef
1641:East Sea Campaign
1571:Maritime Briefing
1129:Alicia Annie Reef
1001:Marie Louise Bank
974:Southampton Reefs
822:North Danger Reef
811:, West Pass (N),
791:North Danger Reef
654:
653:
159:
158:
3121:
3046:
3045:
2978:Coconut Princess
2817:Southeastern SCS
2747:Fiery Cross Reef
2735:West London Reef
2730:East London Reef
2548:West York Island
2444:
2443:
2433:
2432:
2372:Zhongsha Islands
2365:Northeastern SCS
2275:Amphitrite Group
2271:
2270:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2135:Related articles
2066:West London Reef
2001:East London Reef
1951:
1950:
1921:
1920:
1906:West York Island
1846:
1845:
1796:
1795:
1756:Fiery Cross Reef
1741:
1740:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1664:Dangerous Ground
1615:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1544:
1531:
1522:
1509:
1500:
1487:
1478:
1465:
1459:
1446:
1435:
1422:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1384:
1348:
1345:
1283:Fiery Cross Reef
1183:1.36 Central SW
1149:1.34 & 1.35
1099:1.32 Central SE
1045:1.29 Eastern NE
966:West York Island
889:1.25 & 1.26
736:
735:
733:
732:
731:
726:
722:
719:
718:
717:
714:
684:Dangerous Ground
665:Dangerous Ground
646:
639:
632:
518:
517:
489:
488:
416:Occupied by the
415:
414:
366:
365:
312:
311:
288:
287:
188:Related articles
180:
161:
160:
101:
100:
98:
97:
96:
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
69:
55:Dangerous Ground
51:
50:
44:
28:
19:Dangerous Ground
16:
15:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3109:Spratly Islands
3094:South China Sea
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3040:
3032:
2962:
2884:
2870:Anambas Islands
2851:
2828:
2824:Palawan Passage
2808:
2782:
2778:Half Moon Shoal
2761:
2699:
2663:Sin Cowe Island
2631:
2595:
2586:Reed Tablemount
2564:
2438:
2431:
2399:Spratly Islands
2393:
2356:
2335:
2307:
2266:Paracel Islands
2260:
2228:
2226:South China Sea
2223:
2193:
2188:
2130:
2091:Half Moon Shoal
2070:
2041:Sin Cowe Island
1945:
1940:
1915:
1910:
1840:
1835:
1790:
1785:
1735:
1730:
1710:
1698:
1684:Reed Tablemount
1652:
1624:
1622:Spratly Islands
1619:
1563::371–385, 2010
1553:
1551:Further reading
1548:
1547:
1541:Wayback Machine
1532:
1525:
1519:Wayback Machine
1510:
1503:
1497:Wayback Machine
1488:
1481:
1475:Wayback Machine
1466:
1462:
1456:Wayback Machine
1447:
1438:
1432:Wayback Machine
1423:
1414:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1270:
1264:
1164:Sin Cowe Island
1139:
1085:Half Moon Shoal
1071:
944:
815:, West Pass (S)
813:Jenkins Patches
807:, Middle Pass,
779:
757:
746:
729:
727:
723:
720:
715:
712:
710:
708:
707:
700:Palawan Passage
688:Spratly Islands
669:South China Sea
650:
621:
587:Half Moon Shoal
583:
582:
577:
524:
523:
512:
508:
495:
494:
483:
479:
421:
420:
409:
405:
372:
371:
360:
356:
318:
317:
306:
302:
294:
293:
282:
267:
262:
258:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
183:
170:Spratly Islands
154:Spratly Islands
110:South China Sea
94:
92:
88:
85:
80:
77:
75:
73:
72:
62:
61:
60:
59:
58:
57:
56:
52:
31:
12:
11:
5:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2906:Nine-dash line
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Natuna Islands
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2847:Luconia Shoals
2844:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2757:Spratly Island
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2725:Cuarteron Reef
2722:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2695:Mariveles Reef
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Commodore Reef
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Nanshan Island
2578:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2533:Zhongzhou Reef
2530:
2528:Taiping Island
2525:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2450:
2448:
2441:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2340:Other features
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2313:Crescent Group
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2184:Nine-dash line
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2096:Luconia Shoals
2093:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2056:Spratly Island
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Lansdowne Reef
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1936:Zhongzhou Reef
1933:
1931:Taiping Island
1927:
1925:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Nanshan Island
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1856:Commodore Reef
1852:
1850:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1826:Mariveles Reef
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:Cuarteron Reef
1747:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1629:Confrontations
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1567:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1523:
1501:
1479:
1460:
1436:
1412:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1325:Main article:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1305:Southwest Bank
1295:
1294:
1293:
1291:Spratly Island
1266:Main article:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1245:Mariveles Reef
1235:
1234:
1233:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:Commodore Reef
1199:
1198:
1197:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:Lansdowne Reef
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1061:Carnatic Shoal
1053:Seahorse Shoal
1043:
1042:
1041:
1015:Nanshan Island
1005:
1004:
1003:
990:Northern NE –
988:
987:
986:
970:
969:
968:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
936:
920:
919:
918:
908:Itu Aba Island
887:
886:
885:
870:
869:
868:
856:
855:
854:
844:Iroquois Ridge
832:Sabine Patches
830:, South Pass,
818:
817:
816:
799:, North Pass,
778:
775:
756:
753:
652:
651:
649:
648:
641:
634:
626:
623:
622:
620:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
592:Luconia Shoals
589:
580:
579:
578:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
511:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
482:
481:
480:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
408:
407:
406:
404:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
359:
358:
357:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
305:
304:
303:
301:
300:
281:
280:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
253:
250:
249:
248:Confrontations
245:
244:
193:
190:
189:
185:
184:
181:
173:
172:
166:
165:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
70:
64:
63:
54:
53:
46:
45:
39:
38:
37:
36:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3126:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Badas Islands
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Bombay Castle
2740:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Ardasier Reef
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Mischief Reef
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Namyit Island
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2501:Loaita Island
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:Southwest Cay
2462:
2460:
2459:Northeast Cay
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2352:Triton Island
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2331:Yagong Island
2329:
2327:
2326:Robert Island
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:Pratas Island
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2234:Pratas Island
2231:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Southwest Cay
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:Namyit Island
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Grierson Reef
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Bombay Castle
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Northeast Cay
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Loaita Island
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Ardasier Reef
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:Mischief Reef
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1583:1-897643-18-7
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1314:
1310:
1309:Rifleman Bank
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:Ardasier Bank
1228:
1227:Ardasier Reef
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1172:Grierson Reef
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:Mischief Reef
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:Jackson Atoll
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
955:
953:
952:
951:
949:
935:
931:
927:
924:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:Namyit Island
894:
893:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:Loaita Island
877:
876:
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:
859:
857:
853:
849:
848:Trident Shoal
845:
841:
838:, East Pass,
837:
833:
829:
826:
825:
823:
819:
814:
810:
809:Southwest Cay
806:
802:
801:Northeast Cay
798:
795:
794:
792:
788:
787:
786:
784:
774:
771:
769:
765:
760:
752:
748:
742:
738:
734:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
658:
647:
642:
640:
635:
633:
628:
627:
625:
624:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
516:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
493:
487:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
419:
413:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
370:
364:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
316:
310:
299:
296:
295:
292:
286:
278:
277:
274:
271:
270:
266:
265:
261:
257:
252:
251:
247:
246:
242:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
171:
168:
167:
163:
162:
155:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
99:
71:
65:
43:
34:
27:
22:
17:
3114:Seas of Asia
3019:Swallow Reef
2976:
2839:
2833:Southern SCS
2804:Swallow Reef
2715:London Reefs
2648:Collins Reef
2622:Sabina Shoal
2558:Western Reef
2474:Thitu Island
2470:Thitu Reefs
2436:
2382:Walker Shoal
2321:Money Island
2298:Woody Island
2283:Rocky Island
2253:
2246:
2126:Whitsun Reef
2121:Western Reef
2111:Sabina Shoal
2061:Tennent Reef
2026:Pearson Reef
1986:Collins Reef
1901:Thitu Island
1831:Swallow Reef
1674:London Reefs
1663:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1557:
1463:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1343:
1330:
1313:Swallow Reef
1287:London Reefs
1272:
1271:
1205:Pearson Reef
1191:Allison Reef
1187:Bittern Reef
1168:Whitsun Reef
1160:Collins Reef
1156:Johnson Reef
1142:
1140:
1103:Sabina Shoal
1074:
1072:
1035:Hirane Shoal
1027:Hopkins Reef
958:Menzies Reef
947:
945:
926:Western Reef
862:Thitu Island
782:
780:
772:
767:
763:
761:
758:
750:
744:
739:
683:
681:
664:
663:
617:Whitsun Reef
612:Western Reef
607:Sabina Shoal
519:Occupied by
492:Taiwan (ROC)
490:Occupied by
367:Occupied by
313:Occupied by
289:Occupied by
254:
207:
194:
136:Surface area
106:Part of
2841:James Shoal
2799:Louisa Reef
2794:Amboyna Cay
2680:Dallas Reef
2653:Hughes Reef
2643:Union Banks
2576:Flat Island
2543:Irving Reef
2513:Gaven Reefs
2508:Tizard Bank
2491:Lankiam Cay
2486:Loaita Bank
2347:Bombay Reef
2288:Tree Island
2031:Petley Reef
1966:Amboyna Cay
1961:Alison Reef
1871:Lankiam Cay
1866:Irving Reef
1861:Flat Island
1848:Philippines
1811:Dallas Reef
1766:Hughes Reef
1761:Gaven Reefs
1726:Louisa Reef
1694:Union Banks
1689:Tizard Bank
1669:Loaita Bank
1477:Western SCS
1301:Amboyna Cay
1249:Dallas Reef
1209:Pigeon Reef
1107:Boxall Reef
1089:Bombay Reef
1049:Sandy Shoal
1031:Amy Douglas
1019:Flat Island
984:Livock Reef
962:Irving Reef
912:Petley Reef
900:Gaven Reefs
891:Tizard Bank
883:Lankiam Cay
874:Loaita Bank
805:Shira Islet
728: /
418:Philippines
315:China (PRC)
120:Max. length
93: /
68:Coordinates
3063:Categories
3014:Spratly Is
2685:Erica Reef
2496:Loaita Cay
2046:South Reef
1876:Loaita Cay
1816:Erica Reef
1577::6, 1995,
1355:References
1241:Erica Reef
1151:Union Bank
1039:Hardy Reef
997:Nares Bank
980:Hopps Reef
916:Eldad Reef
828:South Reef
797:North Reef
755:Boundaries
725:10°N 115°E
581:Unoccupied
128:Max. width
90:10°N 115°E
2989:Pratas Is
2985:Airports
2967:Transport
2752:Ladd Reef
2479:Subi Reef
2437:Dangerous
2303:Qilian Yu
2293:West Sand
2011:Ladd Reef
1781:Subi Reef
1586:full text
1391:Pub. 161:
1145:pp12–13.
1077:pp11–12.
992:Reed Bank
950:pp10–11.
866:Subi Reef
852:Lys Shoal
840:Day Shoal
3024:Thitu Is
2997:Woody Is
2523:Sand Cay
2036:Sand Cay
1798:Malaysia
1537:Archived
1515:Archived
1493:Archived
1471:Archived
1452:Archived
1428:Archived
904:Sand Cay
785:pp8–10.
369:Malaysia
3009:Itu Aba
2889:History
1953:Vietnam
1657:Regions
730:10; 115
696:Palawan
521:Vietnam
149:Islands
95:10; 115
2973:Ships
2959:(2014)
2953:(2012)
2947:(2012)
2941:(1988)
2935:(1975)
2929:(1974)
2923:(1944)
2439:Ground
1923:Taiwan
1718:Brunei
1649:(1988)
1643:(1975)
1581:
677:atolls
675:, and
291:Brunei
2787:South
1743:China
1397:(PDF)
1335:Notes
1237:1.39
1219:1.38
1201:1.37
972:1.27
872:1.24
820:1.22
789:1.21
716:115°E
673:reefs
81:115°E
2766:East
2708:West
2554:WNW
2539:NNW
1579:ISBN
713:10°N
78:10°N
1565:PDF
704:NGA
3065::
2636:SW
2600:SE
2569:NE
2447:NW
1561:39
1526:^
1504:^
1482:^
1439:^
1415:^
1405:.
1399:.
1363:^
1311:,
1307:,
1303:,
1289:,
1285:,
1251:,
1247:,
1243:,
1229:,
1225:,
1211:,
1207:,
1193:,
1189:,
1174:,
1170:,
1166:,
1162:,
1158:,
1137:SW
1127:,
1123:,
1109:,
1105:,
1091:,
1087:,
1069:SE
1059:,
1055:,
1051:,
1037:,
1033:,
1029:,
1025:,
1021:,
1017:,
1013:,
999:,
982:,
964:,
960:,
942:NE
932:,
928:,
914:,
910:,
906:,
902:,
898:,
881:,
864:,
850:,
846:;
842:,
834:,
803:,
777:NW
737:.
2218:e
2211:t
2204:v
2155:"
2151:"
1614:e
1607:t
1600:v
1575:1
1255:.
1178:,
645:e
638:t
631:v
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