28:
899:; excerpt at p. 56, "Klaproth has given in his "Annals of the Emperors" a sketch of these eight boards, with the offices under each. It is ... a concise account of the government of Japan. The study of such a subject is rather dry and uninteresting, but it is necessary for any one who wishes to make himself acquainted with Japanese history, either of the past or of the present day...."
335:
This court position evolved to ensure that someone will be always prepared to replace or assist the main court officials if, for any reason, it should be impossible for one of the two senior counselors to devote himself to his duties and responsibilities in all matters.
430:
The highest positions in the court hierarchy can be cataloged. A dry list provides a superficial glimpse inside the complexity and inter-connected relationships of the
Imperial court structure.
401:, it is necessary to evaluate its role in the traditional Japanese context of a durable yet flexible framework. In this bureaucratic network and a hierarchy of functionaries, the
702:
623:
543:
The government ministries were eight semi-independent bureaucracies. A list alone cannot reveal much about the actual functioning of the
374:
This ancient office would have been roughly equivalent to that of vice-minister in the modern cabinet system. It was abolished in 1871.
659:
572:
634:
The specific ministries above are not grouped arbitrarily. The two court officials below had responsibility for them as follows:
209:
698:
690:
617:
605:
253:
1327:
1282:
1257:
1203:
663:
655:
578:
566:
1368:
229:
199:
667:
584:
1226:
694:
611:
1207:
1301:
189:
547:, but the broad hierarchical categories do suggest the way in which governmental functions were parsed:
27:
278:
was a counselor of the first rank in the
Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century.
246:
1174:
735:
296:. Holders of the office were of the Senior Third Rank. They assisted the Minister of the Left (the
1195:
219:
1188:
534:(Secretariat). These are specifically named men who act at the sole discretion of the emperor.
156:
1142:
1124:
1106:
1088:
1067:
1049:
1025:
1022:
983:
954:
845:
842:
801:
781:
778:
758:
755:
934:
931:
913:
889:
885:
1296:
720:
281:
This advisory position remained a part of the
Imperial court from the 8th century until the
239:
1245:
422:
proved to be adaptable in the creation of constitutional government in the modern period.
8:
405:
functioned like mouthpieces to and from the board, and in consultation with the board.
387:
1306:
Paris: Royal
Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
1349:
1323:
1278:
1261:
1253:
1222:
1218:
The
Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan
1199:
935:
The
Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan
1008:
867:
419:
19:
1316:
1216:
435:
357:
81:
1312:
1291:
575:; also known as the "Ministry of Legislative Direction and Public Instruction".
75:
169:
1362:
1270:
510:
1346:
Japan: Being a Sketch of the
History, Government and Officers of the Empire.
289:
1147:
1129:
1111:
1093:
1072:
1054:
1032:
988:
959:
941:
918:
896:
852:
806:
788:
765:
689:
This administrator was charged or tasked with supervising four ministries:
654:
This administrator was charged or tasked with supervising four ministries:
383:
282:
44:
1265:
1240:
1230:
715:
414:
54:
1353:
1331:
1286:
1212:
502:
Other high-ranking bureaucrats who function somewhat flexibly within the
40:
1307:
490:
482:
391:
179:
141:
131:
1182:
725:
474:(Major counselor, chief counselor of state). There are commonly three
71:
459:
323:
317:
111:
1221:, translated by Fujiko Hara. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1275:
Secret
Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822
820:
Secret
Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822,
443:
298:
91:
351:
451:
304:
101:
382:
Any exercise of meaningful powers of court officials in the pre-
1237:
Ozaki gakudō zenshū. 11, Gakudō jiden: nihon kenseishi o kataru
1187:
Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Chunagon" in
515:(Associate counselor). This office functions as a manager of
1004:
863:
730:
345:
1173:
Dickson, Walter G. and Mayo
Williamson Hazeltine. (1898).
1009:
Ranks in Ancient and Meiji Japan (in English and French)
868:
Ranks in Ancient and Meiji Japan (in English and French)
776:(meaning "counselor") -- see Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
315:
counselor or state, was expected to work closely the
1235:
____________. (1955). 尾崎咢堂全集. 第11卷, 咢堂自伝: 日本憲政史を語る (
857:
1318:Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns
1360:
682:
647:
581:; also known as the "Ministry of the Interior".
394:government did manage to endure for centuries.
1082:
1080:
1043:
1041:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
768:; n.b., the title is a composite created from
676:
641:
527:
425:
271:
1020:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Sangi" in
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
753:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Nagon" in
247:
1157:
1155:
907:
905:
494:(Minor counselor); there are commonly three
439:(Chancellor of the Realm or Chief Minister).
1077:
1038:
964:
998:
825:
793:
386:reached its nadir during the years of the
254:
240:
1152:
902:
467:The next highest tier of officials were:
1252:.] Stanford: Stanford University Press.
327:), whose position ranked just below the
538:
1361:
377:
292:, and evolved out of the earlier post
1322:New York: Columbia University Press.
397:In order to appreciate the office of
302:) and the Minister of the Right (the
1175:"The Eight Boards of Government" in
886:"The Eight Boards of Government" in
36:Part of a series on the politics and
288:The post was created in 702 by the
13:
1338:
624:Ministry of the Imperial Household
418:(Council of State). The Daijō-kan
14:
1380:
772:(meaning "great" or "first") and
412:was an important element in the
390:, and yet the core structures of
26:
1348:London: W. Blackwood and Sons.
1303:Annales des empereurs du Japon.
1134:
1116:
1098:
1059:
1014:
846:Annales des empereurs du japon,
782:Annales des empereurs du japon,
1277:. London: Routledge Curzon.
946:
923:
873:
812:
747:
38:government of Japan during the
1:
1344:Dickenson, Walter G. (1869).
1167:
673:Major Controller of the Right
519:activities within the palace.
311:By the mid-17th century, the
638:Major Controller of the Left
343:ranked just above all other
7:
991:; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).
709:
683:
648:
426:Highest Daijō-kan officials
10:
1385:
1369:Government of feudal Japan
1250:A History of Japan to 1334
573:Ministry of Civil Services
1181:New York: P. F. Collier.
840:Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
736:Imperial Household Agency
677:
642:
528:
463:(Minister of the Center).
272:
235:
225:
215:
205:
195:
185:
175:
165:
152:
147:
137:
127:
117:
107:
97:
87:
69:
52:
34:
25:
18:
1196:Harvard University Press
799:Nussbaum, "Dainagon" in
741:
618:Ministry of the Treasury
606:Ministry of the Military
455:(Minister of the Right).
447:(Minister of the Left).
1005:Unterstein (in German)
929:Ozaki, Yukio. (2001).
864:Unterstein (in German)
579:Ministry of Ceremonies
567:Ministry of the Center
318:Minister of the Center
108:Minister of the Center
285:in the 19th century.
128:Middle Counselor
98:Minister of the Right
585:Ministry of Taxation
539:The Eight Ministries
176:Civil Administration
138:Minor Counselor
118:Major Counselor
88:Minister of the Left
1239:) Tokyo: Kōronsha.
879:Dickson, Walter G.
612:Ministry of Justice
486:(Middle counselor).
378:Dainagon in context
76:Chief Minister
1297:Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
1190:Japan Encyclopedia
1026:Japan Encyclopedia
759:Japan Encyclopedia
721:Sesshō and Kampaku
703:Imperial Household
478:; sometimes more.
388:Tokugawa shogunate
294:Oimonomōsu-tsukasa
226:Imperial Household
62:(Council of State)
1328:978-0-231-04940-5
1283:978-0-203-09985-8
1258:978-0-8047-0523-3
1248:, George (1958).
1204:978-0-674-01753-5
632:
631:
264:
263:
1376:
1313:Varley, H. Paul.
1292:Titsingh, Isaac.
1162:
1159:
1150:
1138:
1132:
1120:
1114:
1102:
1096:
1084:
1075:
1063:
1057:
1045:
1036:
1018:
1012:
1002:
996:
979:
962:
950:
944:
927:
921:
909:
900:
877:
871:
861:
855:
838:
823:
816:
810:
797:
791:
751:
688:
686:
680:
679:
653:
651:
645:
644:
550:
549:
533:
531:
530:
277:
275:
274:
256:
249:
242:
161:
148:Eight Ministries
63:
59:
30:
16:
15:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1359:
1358:
1341:
1339:Further reading
1170:
1165:
1161:Varley, p. 272.
1160:
1153:
1139:
1135:
1121:
1117:
1103:
1099:
1085:
1078:
1064:
1060:
1046:
1039:
1019:
1015:
1003:
999:
980:
965:
951:
947:
928:
924:
910:
903:
878:
874:
862:
858:
839:
826:
817:
813:
798:
794:
752:
748:
744:
712:
674:
639:
541:
525:
428:
380:
269:
260:
186:Popular Affairs
159:
157:Nakatsukasa-shō
78:
65:
61:
60:
55:
48:
39:
37:
20:Premodern Japan
12:
11:
5:
1382:
1372:
1371:
1357:
1356:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1310:
1289:
1271:Screech, Timon
1268:
1243:
1241:OCLC 672920518
1233:
1231:OCLC 123043741
1210:
1185:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1151:
1133:
1115:
1097:
1076:
1058:
1037:
1013:
997:
993:Jinnō Shōtōki,
963:
945:
922:
901:
872:
856:
824:
811:
792:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
711:
708:
707:
706:
671:
660:Civil Services
630:
629:
628:
627:
621:
615:
609:
602:
601:
600:
599:
590:
589:
588:
582:
576:
570:
563:
562:
561:
560:
540:
537:
536:
535:
520:
500:
499:
487:
479:
465:
464:
456:
448:
440:
427:
424:
379:
376:
262:
261:
259:
258:
251:
244:
236:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
154:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
70:
67:
66:
53:
50:
49:
35:
32:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1381:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1332:OCLC 59145842
1329:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:OCLC 65177072
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:9780691050959
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:OCLC 48943301
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1146:, p. 433, at
1145:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1128:, p. 432, at
1127:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1110:, p. 431, at
1109:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1092:, p. 430, at
1091:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1074:
1071:, p. 429, at
1070:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1053:, p. 427, at
1052:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1031:, p. 817, at
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1001:
994:
990:
987:, p. 425, at
986:
985:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
961:
958:, p. 425, at
957:
956:
949:
943:
939:
938:
933:
932:
926:
920:
916:
915:
908:
906:
898:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
876:
869:
865:
860:
854:
851:, p. 426, at
850:
849:
844:
843:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
821:
815:
808:
805:, p. 128, at
804:
803:
796:
790:
787:, p. 426, at
786:
785:
780:
779:
775:
771:
767:
764:, p. 685, at
763:
762:
757:
756:
750:
746:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
704:
700:
696:
692:
685:
672:
669:
665:
661:
657:
650:
637:
636:
635:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
603:
598:
595:
594:
593:
592:
591:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:
559:
556:
555:
554:
553:
552:
551:
548:
546:
524:
521:
518:
514:
513:
509:
508:
507:
505:
497:
493:
492:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
473:
470:
469:
468:
462:
461:
457:
454:
453:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
437:
433:
432:
431:
423:
421:
417:
416:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
375:
372:
371:
367:
364:
360:
359:
354:
353:
348:
347:
342:
337:
334:
330:
326:
325:
320:
319:
314:
309:
307:
306:
301:
300:
295:
291:
286:
284:
279:
268:
257:
252:
250:
245:
243:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
158:
155:
151:
146:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
77:
73:
68:
64:
58:
51:
46:
42:
33:
29:
24:
21:
17:
1345:
1317:
1308:OCLC 5850691
1302:
1295:
1274:
1249:
1236:
1217:
1213:Ozaki, Yukio
1189:
1176:
1148:Google Books
1141:
1136:
1130:Google Books
1123:
1118:
1112:Google Books
1105:
1100:
1094:Google Books
1087:
1073:Google Books
1066:
1061:
1055:Google Books
1048:
1033:Google Books
1027:
1021:
1016:
1000:
992:
989:Google Books
982:
960:Google Books
955:pp. 425-426.
953:
948:
942:Google Books
940:, p. 10, at
936:
930:
925:
919:Google Books
917:, p. 60, at
912:
897:Google Books
895:, p. 56, at
891:
884:
880:
875:
870:, pp. 6, 27.
859:
853:Google Books
847:
841:
819:
818:Screech, T.
814:
807:Google Books
800:
795:
789:Google Books
783:
777:
773:
769:
766:Google Books
760:
754:
749:
633:
596:
557:
544:
542:
522:
516:
511:
503:
501:
495:
489:
481:
475:
471:
466:
458:
450:
442:
436:Daijō-daijin
434:
429:
413:
409:
408:The role of
407:
402:
398:
396:
384:Meiji period
381:
373:
369:
365:
362:
358:Daijō-daijin
356:
350:
344:
340:
338:
332:
328:
322:
316:
312:
310:
303:
297:
293:
287:
283:Meiji period
280:
266:
265:
160:
121:
82:Daijō-daijin
74: /
56:
1194:Cambridge:
1183:OCLC 285881
355:except the
170:Shikibu-shō
1273:. (2006).
1215:. (2001).
1168:References
1140:Titsingh,
1122:Titsingh,
1104:Titsingh,
1086:Titsingh,
1065:Titsingh,
1047:Titsingh,
981:Titsingh,
952:Titsingh,
937:pp. 10–11.
892:pp. 55-78.
664:Ceremonies
370:Naidaijin.
290:Taihō Code
166:Ceremonial
72:Chancellor
1266:224793047
911:Dickson,
716:Daijō-kan
545:Daijō-kan
517:Daijō-kan
504:Daijō-kan
460:Naidaijin
415:Daijō-kan
366:Sadaijin,
333:Sadaijin.
324:Naidaijin
230:Kunai-shō
220:Ōkura-shō
210:Gyōbu-shō
200:Hyōbu-shō
190:Minbu-shō
112:Naidaijin
57:Daijō-kan
1363:Category
1354:10716445
1315:(1980).
1294:(1834).
1143:pp. 433.
1125:pp. 432.
1107:pp. 431.
1089:pp. 430.
1068:pp. 429.
1050:pp. 427.
1028:, p. 817
883:(1898).
761:, p. 685
710:See also
699:Treasury
691:Military
668:Taxation
649:Sadaiben
496:Shōnagon
491:Shōnagon
483:Chūnagon
476:Dainagon
472:Dainagon
444:Sadaijin
410:Dainagon
403:Dainagon
399:Dainagon
392:ritsuryō
363:Udaijin,
341:Dainagon
331:and the
313:Dainagon
299:Sadaijin
267:Dainagon
216:Treasury
180:Jibu-shō
142:Shōnagon
132:Chūnagon
122:Dainagon
92:Sadaijin
1011:, p. 6.
848:p. 426.
822:p. 157.
784:p. 426.
695:Justice
684:Udaiben
506:were;
452:Udaijin
349:in the
329:Udaijin
305:Udaijin
206:Justice
102:Udaijin
47:periods
1352:
1326:
1300:; ou,
1281:
1264:
1256:
1246:Sansom
1225:
1202:
995:p.272.
984:p. 425
914:p. 60.
890:Japan,
881:et al.
802:p. 128
774:-nagon
666:, and
656:Center
420:schema
153:Center
1177:Japan
742:Notes
726:Kōkyū
597:Right
512:Sangi
352:kugyō
321:(the
45:Heian
1350:OCLC
1324:ISBN
1279:ISBN
1262:OCLC
1254:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1200:ISBN
770:dai-
731:Kuge
701:and
558:Left
523:Geki
368:and
346:kuge
339:The
43:and
41:Nara
678:右大弁
643:左大弁
308:).
273:大納言
196:War
1365::
1334:-4
1330:;
1285:;
1260:;
1229:;
1206:;
1198:.
1154:^
1079:^
1040:^
1007::
966:^
904:^
866::
827:^
697:,
693:,
681:,
662:,
658:,
646:,
529:外記
361:,
1320:.
1192:.
1179:.
1035:.
809:.
705:.
687:)
675:(
670:.
652:)
640:(
626:.
620:.
614:.
608:.
587:.
569:.
532:)
526:(
498:.
276:)
270:(
255:e
248:t
241:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
