38:
823:; excerpt at p. 56, "Klaproth has given in his "Annals of the Emperors" a sketch of these eight boards, with the offices under each. It is ... a concise account of the government of Japan. The study of such a subject is rather dry and uninteresting, but it is necessary for any one who wishes to make himself acquainted with Japanese history, either of the past or of the present day...."
288:
was a counselor of the third rank in the
Imperial court of Japan. The role dates to the 7th century. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court of Japan from the 8th century until the
384:
The highest positions in the court hierarchy can be cataloged. A dry list provides a superficial glimpse inside the complexity and inter-connected relationships of the
Imperial court structure.
362:, it is necessary to evaluate its role in the traditional Japanese context of a durable yet flexible framework. This was a bureaucratic network and a hierarchy of functionaries. The role of
656:
577:
1223:
497:
The government ministries were eight semi-independent bureaucracies. A list alone cannot reveal much about the actual functioning of the
613:
526:
588:
The specific ministries above are not grouped arbitrarily. The two court officials below had responsibility for them as follows:
219:
652:
644:
571:
559:
331:
are said to help the memories of the principal officers, to put seals to deeds, and carry communications to others within the
263:
1190:
1100:
617:
609:
532:
520:
1213:
239:
209:
621:
538:
1125:
327:. These officials were responsible for reading ordinary reports and for making of Imperial travel arrangements. The
648:
565:
1162:
1218:
199:
501:, but the broad hierarchical categories do suggest the way in which governmental functions were parsed:
37:
256:
689:
229:
488:(Secretariat). These are specifically named men who act at the sole discretion of the emperor.
166:
1058:
1040:
1022:
1004:
983:
965:
943:
886:
857:
767:
764:
736:
712:
709:
925:
837:
834:
815:
795:
791:
249:
376:
proved to be adaptable in the creation of constitutional government in the modern period.
8:
1157:
674:
348:
1167:
Paris: Royal
Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
1118:
The
Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan.
1194:
1186:
1168:
1143:
1129:
1121:
1104:
1096:
838:
The
Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan
911:
373:
29:
1090:
389:
91:
20:
1178:
1152:
529:; also known as the "Ministry of Legislative Direction and Public Instruction".
85:
179:
1207:
464:
317:
294:
1063:
1045:
1027:
1009:
988:
970:
948:
930:
891:
862:
844:
820:
802:
774:
741:
719:
643:
This administrator was charged or tasked with supervising four ministries:
608:
This administrator was charged or tasked with supervising four ministries:
344:
290:
54:
1147:
669:
368:
299:
64:
1198:
1133:
1113:
1108:
456:
Other high-ranking bureaucrats who function somewhat flexibly within the
50:
1172:
438:
352:
312:
189:
141:
679:
81:
413:
121:
1120:(Translated by Fujiko Hara). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
426:
397:
131:
101:
469:(Associate counselor). This office functions as a manager of
323:
Typically, the office was held by three fifth-rank members of the
405:
111:
343:
Any exercise of meaningful powers of court officials in the pre-
1140:
Ozaki gakudō zenshū. 11, Gakudō jiden: nihon kenseishi o kataru
907:
684:
324:
912:
Ranks in
Ancient and Meiji Japan (in English and French)
1138:
Ozaki, Yukio. (1955). 尾崎咢堂全集. 第11卷, 咢堂自伝: 日本憲政史を語る (
1183:Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns.
297:office in the early feudal Japanese government or
1089:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).
1205:
636:
601:
535:; also known as the "Ministry of the Interior".
355:government did manage to endure for centuries.
998:
996:
959:
957:
630:
595:
481:
379:
306:In the ranks of the Imperial bureaucracy, the
281:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
730:
728:
707:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Nagon" in
257:
1073:
1071:
448:(Minor counselor); there are commonly three
430:(Major counselor). There are commonly three
393:(Chancellor of the Realm or Chief Minister).
993:
954:
16:Imperial court position in pre-modern Japan
867:
747:
725:
347:reached its nadir during the years of the
264:
250:
1068:
901:
421:The next highest tier of officials were:
492:
1206:
338:
1185:New York: Columbia University Press.
1095:Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
358:In order to appreciate the office of
792:"The Eight Boards of Government" in
293:in the 19th century. This became a
46:Part of a series on the politics and
1224:8th-century establishments in Japan
372:(Council of State). The Daijō-kan
13:
578:Ministry of the Imperial Household
335:They are both military and civil.
14:
1235:
366:was an important element in the
351:, and yet the core structures of
36:
1164:Annales des empereurs du Japon.
1050:
1032:
1014:
975:
935:
917:
768:Annales des empereurs du japon,
849:
826:
807:
779:
701:
48:government of Japan during the
1:
1083:
627:Major Controller of the Right
473:activities within the palace.
19:For the Japanese author, see
592:Major Controller of the Left
316:(middle counselors) and the
7:
894:; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).
663:
637:
602:
380:Highest Daijō-kan officials
10:
1240:
1214:Government of feudal Japan
527:Ministry of Civil Services
18:
762:Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
690:Imperial Household Agency
631:
596:
482:
417:(Minister of the Center).
282:
245:
235:
225:
215:
205:
195:
185:
175:
162:
157:
147:
137:
127:
117:
107:
97:
79:
62:
44:
35:
28:
734:Nussbaum, "Shōnagon" at
695:
572:Ministry of the Treasury
560:Ministry of the Military
409:(Minister of the Right).
320:(associate counselors).
401:(Minister of the Left).
908:Unterstein (in German)
832:Ozaki, Yukio. (2001).
533:Ministry of Ceremonies
521:Ministry of the Center
118:Minister of the Center
941:Nussbaum, "Sangi" in
138:Middle Counselor
108:Minister of the Right
539:Ministry of Taxation
493:The Eight Ministries
186:Civil Administration
148:Minor Counselor
128:Major Counselor
98:Minister of the Left
1142:) Tokyo: Kōronsha.
1092:Japan encyclopedia.
785:Dickson, Walter G.
566:Ministry of Justice
442:(Middle counselor).
339:Shōnagon in context
86:Chief Minister
1219:702 establishments
1158:Nihon Odai Ichiran
713:Japan Encyclopedia
675:Sessho and Kampaku
657:Imperial Household
434:; sometimes more.
349:Tokugawa shogunate
236:Imperial Household
72:(Council of State)
1191:978-0-231-04940-5
1116:, Yukio. (2001).
1101:978-0-674-01753-5
586:
585:
310:came between the
274:
273:
1231:
1179:Varley, H. Paul.
1153:Titsingh, Isaac.
1078:
1075:
1066:
1054:
1048:
1036:
1030:
1018:
1012:
1000:
991:
979:
973:
961:
952:
939:
933:
921:
915:
905:
899:
882:
865:
853:
847:
830:
824:
811:
805:
783:
777:
760:
745:
732:
723:
705:
642:
640:
634:
633:
607:
605:
599:
598:
504:
503:
487:
485:
484:
287:
285:
284:
266:
259:
252:
171:
158:Eight Ministries
73:
69:
40:
26:
25:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1204:
1203:
1086:
1081:
1077:Varley, p. 272.
1076:
1069:
1055:
1051:
1037:
1033:
1019:
1015:
1001:
994:
980:
976:
962:
955:
940:
936:
922:
918:
906:
902:
883:
868:
854:
850:
831:
827:
812:
808:
784:
780:
761:
748:
733:
726:
706:
702:
698:
666:
628:
593:
495:
479:
382:
341:
279:
270:
196:Popular Affairs
169:
167:Nakatsukasa-shō
88:
75:
71:
70:
65:
58:
49:
47:
30:Premodern Japan
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1202:
1201:
1176:
1150:
1136:
1111:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1049:
1031:
1013:
992:
974:
953:
934:
916:
900:
896:Jinnō Shōtōki,
866:
848:
825:
806:
778:
746:
724:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
665:
662:
661:
660:
625:
614:Civil Services
584:
583:
582:
581:
575:
569:
563:
556:
555:
554:
553:
544:
543:
542:
536:
530:
524:
517:
516:
515:
514:
494:
491:
490:
489:
474:
454:
453:
443:
435:
419:
418:
410:
402:
394:
381:
378:
340:
337:
272:
271:
269:
268:
261:
254:
246:
243:
242:
237:
233:
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227:
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222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
164:
160:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
80:
77:
76:
63:
60:
59:
45:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1236:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:9780691050959
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1062:, p. 433, at
1061:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1044:, p. 432, at
1043:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1026:, p. 431, at
1025:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1008:, p. 430, at
1007:
1006:
999:
997:
990:
987:, p. 429, at
986:
985:
978:
972:
969:, p. 427, at
968:
967:
960:
958:
950:
947:, p. 817, at
946:
945:
938:
932:
928:
927:
920:
913:
909:
904:
897:
893:
890:, p. 425, at
889:
888:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
864:
861:, p. 425, at
860:
859:
852:
846:
842:
841:
836:
835:
829:
822:
818:
817:
810:
804:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
782:
776:
773:, p. 426, at
772:
771:
766:
765:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
743:
740:, p. 855, at
739:
738:
731:
729:
721:
718:, p. 685, at
717:
716:
711:
710:
704:
700:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
658:
654:
650:
646:
639:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
604:
591:
590:
589:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
557:
552:
549:
548:
547:
546:
545:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
513:
510:
509:
508:
507:
506:
505:
502:
500:
478:
475:
472:
468:
467:
463:
462:
461:
459:
451:
447:
444:
441:
440:
436:
433:
429:
428:
424:
423:
422:
416:
415:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
399:
395:
392:
391:
387:
386:
385:
377:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
336:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
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309:
304:
302:
301:
296:
292:
278:
267:
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260:
255:
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248:
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208:
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198:
194:
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188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
168:
165:
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156:
153:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
87:
83:
78:
74:
68:
61:
56:
52:
43:
39:
34:
31:
27:
22:
1182:
1163:
1156:
1139:
1117:
1091:
1064:Google Books
1057:
1052:
1046:Google Books
1039:
1034:
1028:Google Books
1021:
1016:
1010:Google Books
1003:
989:Google Books
982:
977:
971:Google Books
964:
949:Google Books
942:
937:
931:Google Books
929:, p. 60, at
924:
919:
903:
895:
892:Google Books
885:
863:Google Books
858:pp. 425-426.
856:
851:
845:Google Books
843:, p. 10, at
839:
833:
828:
821:Google Books
819:, p. 56, at
814:
809:
803:Google Books
801:, p. 56, at
797:
790:
786:
781:
775:Google Books
769:
763:
742:Google Books
735:
720:Google Books
714:
708:
703:
587:
550:
511:
498:
496:
476:
470:
465:
457:
455:
449:
445:
437:
431:
425:
420:
412:
404:
396:
390:Daijō-daijin
388:
383:
367:
363:
359:
357:
345:Meiji period
342:
332:
328:
322:
311:
307:
305:
298:
291:Meiji period
276:
275:
170:
151:
92:Daijō-daijin
84: /
66:
21:Sei Shōnagon
180:Shikibu-shō
1208:Categories
1084:References
1056:Titsingh,
1038:Titsingh,
1020:Titsingh,
1002:Titsingh,
981:Titsingh,
963:Titsingh,
884:Titsingh,
855:Titsingh,
840:pp. 10–11.
816:pp. 55-78.
798:pp. 55-78.
618:Ceremonies
333:daijō-kan.
295:Taihō Code
176:Ceremonial
82:Chancellor
1148:672920518
923:Dickson,
813:Dickson,
670:Daijō-kan
499:Daijō-kan
471:Daijō-kan
458:Daijō-kan
414:Naidaijin
369:Daijō-kan
300:daijō-kan
240:Kunai-shō
230:Ōkura-shō
220:Gyōbu-shō
210:Hyōbu-shō
200:Minbu-shō
122:Naidaijin
67:Daijō-kan
1199:59145842
1181:(1980).
1155:(1834).
1134:45363447
1109:58053128
1059:pp. 433.
1041:pp. 432.
1023:pp. 431.
1005:pp. 430.
984:pp. 429.
966:pp. 427.
789:(1898).
715:, p. 685
664:See also
653:Treasury
645:Military
622:Taxation
603:Sadaiben
450:Shōnagon
446:Shōnagon
439:Chūnagon
432:Dainagon
427:Dainagon
398:Sadaijin
364:Shōnagon
360:Shōnagon
353:ritsuryō
329:Shōnagon
313:Chūnagon
308:Shōnagon
277:Shōnagon
226:Treasury
190:Jibu-shō
152:Shōnagon
142:Chūnagon
132:Dainagon
102:Sadaijin
1173:5850691
914:, p. 6.
770:p. 426.
649:Justice
638:Udaiben
460:were;
406:Udaijin
216:Justice
112:Udaijin
57:periods
1197:
1189:
1171:
1161:; ou,
1146:
1132:
1124:
1107:
1099:
944:p. 817
926:p. 60.
898:p.272.
887:p. 425
796:Japan,
787:et al.
737:p. 855
620:, and
610:Center
374:schema
163:Center
1114:Ozaki
696:Notes
680:Kōkyū
551:Right
466:Sangi
318:Sangi
55:Heian
1195:OCLC
1187:ISBN
1169:OCLC
1144:OCLC
1130:OCLC
1122:ISBN
1105:OCLC
1097:ISBN
685:Kuge
655:and
512:Left
477:Geki
325:kuge
53:and
51:Nara
632:右大弁
597:左大弁
283:少納言
206:War
1210::
1193:;
1128:;
1103:;
1070:^
995:^
956:^
910::
869:^
749:^
727:^
651:,
647:,
635:,
616:,
612:,
600:,
483:外記
303:.
1175:.
951:.
744:.
722:.
659:.
641:)
629:(
624:.
606:)
594:(
580:.
574:.
568:.
562:.
541:.
523:.
486:)
480:(
452:.
286:)
280:(
265:e
258:t
251:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
