North Korea - Knowledge

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in excess of 400,000; the South Korean Ministry of Defense puts the number of killed and missing at 281,257. Estimates of communist troops killed are about one-half million. The total number of Korean civilians who died in the fighting, which left almost every major city in North and South Korea in ruins, has been estimated at between 2 and 3 million. This adds up to almost 1 million military deaths and a possible 2.5 million civilians who were killed or died as a result of this extremely destructive conflict. The proportion of civilians killed in the major wars of this century (and not only in the major ones) has thus risen steadily. It reached about 42 percent in World War II and may have gone as high as 70 percent in the Korean War. ... we find that the ratio of civilian to military deaths is not substantially different from that of World War II and is well below that of the Korean War.

1316: 3379: 2169: 3966: 162: 6005: 5435: 4516:, the situation gradually improved: the number of malnourished children declined from 60% in 1998 to 37% in 2006 and 28% in 2013. Domestic food production almost recovered to the recommended annual level of 5.37 million tons of cereal equivalent in 2013, but the World Food Program reported a continuing lack of dietary diversity and access to fats and proteins. By the mid-2010s national levels of severe wasting, an indication of famine-like conditions, were lower than in other low-income countries and about on par with developing nations in the Pacific and East Asia. Children's health and nutrition is significantly better on a number of indicators than in many other Asian countries. 5226: 4079: 3141: 4486: 3023: 5287: 21745: 6124: 4315: 3720: 6318: 4245: 4630: 3616: 5102: 2616: 6600:"Han Chinese built four commanderies, or local military units, to rule the peninsula as far south as the Han River, with a core area at Lolang (Nangnang in Korean), near present-day P'yongyang. It is illustrative of the relentlessly different historiography practiced in North Korea and South Korea, as well as both countries' dubious projection backward of Korean nationalism, that North Korean historians denied that the Lolang district was centered in Korea and placed it northwest of the peninsula, possibly near Beijing." 3994: 2070: 5698: 3958: 2525: 5578: 3286: 2125: 7881:

these, 33,665 were killed in action, while 3,275 died there of nonhostile causes. Some 92,134 Americans were wounded in action, and decades later, 8,176 were still reported as missing. South Korea sustained 1,312,836 casualties, including 415,004 dead. Casualties among other UN allies totaled 16,532, including 3,094 dead. Estimated North Korean casualties numbered 2 million, including about one million civilians and 520,000 soldiers. An estimated 900,000 Chinese soldiers lost their lives in combat.

3257: 107: 1647: 3470: 2475: 1703: 93: 1967: 6304: 6251: 5851: 2282: 4640: 718: 699: 1460: 1239: 1551: 3856:. The North Korean population is strictly managed by the state and all aspects of daily life are subordinated to party and state planning. According to US government reports, employment is managed by the party on the basis of political reliability, and travel is tightly controlled by the Ministry of People's Security. The US State Department says that North Koreans do not have a choice in the jobs they work and are not free to change jobs at will. 8017:, p. 1: "The number of Korean dead, injured or missing by war's end approached three million, ten percent of the overall population. The majority of those killed were in the North, which had half of the population of the South; although the DPRK does not have official figures, possibly twelve to fifteen percent of the population was killed in the war, a figure close to or surpassing the proportion of Soviet citizens killed in World War II." 2018:, a volcanic mountain with an elevation of 2,744 meters (9,003 ft) above sea level. Considered a sacred place by North Koreans, Mount Paektu holds significance in Korean culture and has been incorporated in the elaborate folklore and personality cult around the Kim family. For example, the song, "We Will Go To Mount Paektu" sings in praise of Kim Jong Un and describes a symbolic trek to the mountain. Other prominent ranges are the 5305:'s estimate), only 9.5% of the total deaths recorded in North Korea are attributed to communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions, a figure which is slightly lower than that of South Korea (10.1%) and one fifth of other low-income countries (50.1%) but higher than that of high income countries (6.7%). Only one out of ten leading causes of overall deaths in North Korea is attributed to communicable diseases ( 2567:. On his 60th birthday (based on his official date of birth), mass celebrations occurred throughout the country. Kim Jong Il's personality cult, although significant, was not as extensive as his father's. One point of view is that Kim Jong Il's cult of personality was solely out of respect for Kim Il Sung or out of fear of punishment for failure to pay homage, while North Korean government sources consider it genuine hero worship. 6677:"When material evidence from the Han commandery site excavated during the colonial period began to be reinterpreted by Korean nationalist historians as the first full-fledged "foreign" occupation in Korean history, Lelang's location in the heart of the Korean peninsula became particularly irksome because the finds seemed to verify Japanese colonial theories concerning the dependency of Korean civilization on China." 1685:. Some scholars believe that the 1956 August incident was an example of North Korea demonstrating political independence. However, most scholars consider the final withdrawal of Chinese troops from North Korea in October 1958 to be the latest date when North Korea became effectively independent. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, North Korea sought to distinguish itself internationally by becoming a leader of the 1317: 1356: 4693: 2149: 4683: 3759: 3743: 3727: 5528:. North Korean painting combines the influence of Soviet and Japanese visual expression to instill a sentimental loyalty to the system. All artists in North Korea are required to join the Artists' Union, and the best among them can receive an official license to portray the leaders. Portraits and sculptures depicting Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un are classed as "Number One works". 3791: 3775: 3807: 13738: 6733:"Lelang Commandery was crucial to understanding the early history of Korea, which lasted from 108 BCE to 313 CE around the Pyongyang area. However, because of its nature as a Han colony and the exceptional attention paid to it by Japanese colonial scholars for making claims of the innate heteronomy of Koreans, post 1945 Korean scholars intentionally avoided the issue of Lelang." 2320:

members of the cabinet, review and approve the state economic plan, among others. The SPA itself cannot initiate any legislation independently of party or state organs. It is unknown whether it has ever criticized or amended bills placed before it, and the elections are based around a single list of WPK-approved candidates who stand without opposition.

1718:, which held greater value than its South Korean counterpart. Until the 1960s, economic growth was higher than in South Korea, and North Korean GDP per capita was equal to that of its southern neighbor as late as 1976. However, by the 1980s, the economy had begun to stagnate; it started its long decline in 1987 and almost completely collapsed after the 5410:

constituted 25% of the North Korean population, the "wavering class" 55%, and the "hostile class" 20%. The highest status is accorded to individuals descended from those who participated with Kim Il Sung in the resistance against Japanese occupation before and during World War II and to those who were factory workers, laborers, or peasants in 1950.

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workers, laborers, or poor, small farmers in 1950. "Ranked below them in descending order are forty-seven distinct groups in what must be the most class-differentiated society in the world today." Anyone with a father, uncle, or grandfather who owned land or was a doctor, Christian minister, merchant, or lawyer has low songbun.

4012:. By 2000, the situation improved owing to a massive international food assistance effort, but the economy continues to suffer from food shortages, dilapidated infrastructure and a critically low energy supply. In an attempt to recover from the collapse, the government began structural reforms in 1998 that formally legalized 4388:. The government insisted the space program is for peaceful purposes, but the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries maintained that it serves to advance North Korea's ballistic missile program. On 7 February 2016, a statement broadcast on Korean Central Television said that a new Earth observation satellite, 4102:—it produces about 10 times more of each resource. Using ex-Romanian drilling rigs, several oil exploration companies have confirmed significant oil reserves in the North Korean shelf of the Sea of Japan, and in areas south of Pyongyang. The agricultural sector was shattered by the natural disasters of the 1990s. Its 3,500 2266:(SAC), which acts as "the supreme national guidance organ of state sovereignty". Its role is to deliberate and decide the work on defense building of the State, including major policies of the State, and to carry out the directions of the president of the commission, Kim Jong Un. The SAC also directly supervises the 6705:"At present, the site of Lelang and surrounding ancient Han Chinese remains are situated in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang. Although North Korean scholars have continued to excavate Han dynasty tombs in the postwar period, they have interpreted them as manifestations of the Kochoson or the Koguryo kingdom." 3277:

federal structure retaining each side's leadership and systems. In 1972, the two Koreas agreed in principle to achieve reunification through peaceful means and without foreign interference. On 10 October 1980, the then North Korean leader Kim Il Sung proposed a federation between North and South Korea named the

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The primary focus of the study was on the ability of North Koreans to access outside information from foreign sources through a variety of media, communication technologies and personal sources. The relationship between information exposure on North Koreans' perceptions of the outside world and their

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From its beginnings in 1945 the regime has espoused—to its subjects if not to its Soviet and Chinese aid-providers—a race-based, paranoid nationalism that has nothing to do with Marxism-Leninism. North Korea has always had less in common with the former Soviet Union than with the Japan of the 1930s,

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For the Korean War the only hard statistic is that of American military deaths, which included 33,629 battle deaths and 20,617 who died of other causes. The North Korean and Chinese Communists never published statistics of their casualties. The number of South Korean military deaths has been given as

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Various encyclopedias state that the countries involved in the three-year conflict suffered a total of more than 4 million casualties, of which at least 2 million were civilians—a higher percentage than in World War II or Vietnam. A total of 36,940 Americans lost their lives in the Korean theater; of

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has often been inadequate as a result of the country's isolation. Stories like Kim Jong Un executing his ex-girlfriend or feeding his uncle to a pack of hungry dogs have been circulated by foreign media as truth despite the lack of a credible source. Many of the claims originate from the South Korean

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encompasses all the information produced by the media. Monitored heavily by government officials, the media is strictly used to reinforce ideals approved by the government. There is no freedom of press in North Korea as all the media is controlled and filtered through governmental censors. Freedom of

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After the peninsula was divided in 1945, two distinct cultures formed out of the common Korean heritage. North Koreans have little exposure to foreign influence. The revolutionary struggle and the brilliance of the leadership are some of the main themes in art. "Reactionary" elements from traditional

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While some analysts believe private commerce recently changed the Songbun system to some extent, most North Korean refugees say it remains a commanding presence in everyday life. The North Korean government claims all citizens are equal and denies any discrimination on the basis of family background.

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in 1998 was a watershed in inter-Korean relations. It encouraged other countries to engage with the North, which allowed Pyongyang to normalize relations with a number of European Union states and contributed to the establishment of joint North-South economic projects. The culmination of the Sunshine

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in which the respective political systems would initially remain. However, relations remained cool well until the early 1990s, with a brief period in the early 1980s when North Korea offered to provide flood relief to its southern neighbor. Although the offer was initially welcomed, talks over how to

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trainers, and may even have limited jet aircraft manufacturing capacity. According to North Korean state media, military expenditure amounted to 15.8 percent of the state budget in 2010. The U.S. State Department has estimated that North Korea's military spending averaged 23% of its GDP from 2004 to

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adopted a more hard-line approach and suspended aid deliveries pending the de-nuclearization of the North. In 2009, North Korea responded by ending all of its previous agreements with the South. It deployed additional ballistic missiles and placed its military on full combat alert after South Korea,

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In North Korea, one's songbun, or socio-economic and class background, is extremely important and is primarily determined at birth. People with the best songbun are descendants of the anti-Japanese guerrillas who fought with Kim Il-sung, followed by people whose parents or grandparents were factory

5637:, a series of historical novels depicting the suffering of Koreans under Japanese occupation. More than four million literary works were published between the 1980s and the early 2000s, but almost all of them belong to a narrow variety of political genres like "army-first revolutionary literature". 5259:

Most graduates from the compulsory program do not attend university but begin their obligatory military service or proceed to work in farms or factories instead. The main deficiencies of higher education are the heavy presence of ideological subjects, which comprise 50% of courses in social studies

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under Article 68, but this principle is limited by the requirement that religion may not be used as a pretext to harm the state, introduce foreign forces, or harm the existing social order. Religious practice is therefore restricted, despite nominal constitutional protections. Proselytizing is also

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is a special economic zone where more than 100 South Korean companies employ some 52,000 North Korean workers. As of August 2017, China is the biggest trading partner of North Korea outside inter-Korean trade, accounting for more than 84% of the total external trade ($ 5.3 billion) followed by

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The Ministry of State Security extrajudicially apprehends and imprisons those accused of political crimes without due process. People perceived as hostile to the government, such as Christians or critics of the leadership, are deported to labor camps without trial, often with their whole family and

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With three of the four major Cold War fault lines—divided Germany, divided Korea, divided China, and divided Vietnam – East Asia acquired the dubious distinction of having engendered the largest number of armed conflicts resulting in higher fatalities between 1945 and 1994 than any other region or

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Conflicting reports between Amnesty and WHO have emerged, where the Amnesty report claimed that North Korea had an inadequate health care system, while the Director of the World Health Organization claimed that North Korea's healthcare system was considered the envy of the developing world and had

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deny these claims, saying that multiple religious facilities exist across the nation. Some religious places of worship are located in foreign embassies in the capital city of Pyongyang. Five Christian churches built with state funds stand in Pyongyang: three Protestant, one Roman Catholic, and one

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North Korea has maintained one of the most closed and centralized economies in the world since the 1940s. For several decades, it followed the Soviet pattern of five-year plans with the ultimate goal of achieving self-sufficiency. Extensive Soviet and Chinese support allowed North Korea to rapidly

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provocatively declared South Korea a "colonial vassal state", marking a significant departure from the longstanding position of mutual claims over the entire Korean Peninsula by both North and South Korea. This statement was followed by a call on January 15, 2024, for a constitutional amendment to

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An internal CIA study acknowledged various achievements of the North Korean government post-war: compassionate care for war orphans and children in general, a radical improvement in the status of women, free housing, free healthcare, and health statistics particularly in life expectancy and infant

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Road transport is very limited—only 724 kilometers (450 mi) of the 25,554 kilometers (15,879 mi) road network are paved, and maintenance on most roads is poor. Only 2% of the freight capacity is supported by river and sea transport, and air traffic is negligible. All port facilities are

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maintains most law enforcement activities. It is one of the most powerful state institutions in North Korea and oversees the national police force, investigates criminal cases and manages non-political correctional facilities. It handles other aspects of domestic security like civil registration,

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In January 2024, North Korea officially announced through its leader Kim Jong Un that it would no longer seek reunification with South Korea. Kim instead called for "completely occupying, subjugating and reclaiming" South Korea if war breaks out. Kim Jong Un also announced to the Supreme People's

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that crisscross the peninsula. Some 80 percent of North Korea is composed of mountains and uplands, separated by deep and narrow valleys. All of the Korean Peninsula's mountains with elevations of 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) or more are located in North Korea. The highest point in North Korea is

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system based on a citizen's assessed loyalty to the government. Based on their own behavior and the political, social, and economic background of their family for three generations as well as behavior by relatives within that range, Songbun is allegedly used to determine whether an individual is

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The famine had a significant impact on the population growth rate, which declined to 0.9% annually in 2002. It was 0.5% in 2014. Late marriages after military service, limited housing space and long hours of work or political studies further exhaust the population and reduce growth. The national

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R&D efforts are concentrated at the State Academy of Sciences, which runs 40 research institutes, 200 smaller research centers, a scientific equipment factory and six publishing houses. The government considers science and technology to be directly linked to economic development. A five-year

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There are restrictions on the freedom of association, expression and movement; arbitrary detention, torture and other ill-treatment result in death and execution. Citizens in North Korea are generally not permitted to leave the country at will and its government denies access to UN human rights

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to make claims that run directly counter to citizens' experience or common sense." He further explains that the state propaganda painted Kim Jong Il as someone whose expertise lay in military matters and that the famine of the 1990s was partially caused by natural disasters out of Kim Jong Il's

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in North Korea has been widely condemned. A 2014 UN inquiry into the DPRK's human rights record found evidence for "systematic, widespread and gross human rights violations" and stated that "the gravity, scale and nature of these violations reveal a state that does not have any parallel in the

3466:. The Air Force is estimated to possess around 1,600 aircraft (with between 545 – 810 serving combat roles), while the Navy operates approximately 800 vessels, including the largest submarine fleet in the world. The KPA's Special Operation Force is also the world's largest special forces unit. 3276:

with South Korea remains the most heavily fortified border in the world. Inter-Korean relations are at the core of North Korean diplomacy and have seen numerous shifts in the last few decades. North Korea's policy is to seek reunification without what it sees as outside interference, through a

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since 2019) is the third-ranking official in North Korea. Deputies formally elect the chairman, the vice chairpersons and members of the Standing Committee and take part in the constitutionally appointed activities of the legislature: pass laws, establish domestic and foreign policies, appoint

1909:'s ascension to the US presidency, tensions between the United States and North Korea increased, and there was heightened rhetoric between the two, with Trump threatening "fire and fury" if North Korea ever attacked U.S. territory amid North Korean threats to test missiles that would land near 1730:. Life expectancy in the North was 72 before the famine which was only marginally lower than in the South. The country once boasted a comparatively developed healthcare system; pre-famine North Korea had a network of nearly 45,000 family practitioners with some 800 hospitals and 1,000 clinics. 5409:

Songbun allegedly affects access to educational and employment opportunities and particularly whether a person is eligible to join North Korea's ruling party. There are 3 main classifications and about 50 sub-classifications. According to Kim Il Sung, speaking in 1958, the loyal "core class"

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The economy is heavily nationalized. Food and housing are extensively subsidized by the state; education and healthcare are free; and the payment of taxes was officially abolished in 1974. A variety of goods are available in department stores and supermarkets in Pyongyang, though most of the

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surrounding Kim Il Sung, and Kim Jong Il. While visiting North Korea in 1979, journalist Bradley Martin wrote that nearly all music, art, and sculpture that he observed glorified "Great Leader" Kim Il Sung, whose personality cult was then being extended to his son, "Dear Leader" Kim Jong Il.

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Maternal mortality is lower than other low-income countries, but significantly higher than South Korea and other high income countries, at 89 per 100,000 live births. In 2008 child mortality was estimated to be 45 per 1,000, which is much better than other economically comparable countries.

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stage. The shortage of skilled labor, energy, arable land and transportation significantly impeded long-term growth and resulted in consistent failure to meet planning objectives. The major slowdown of the economy contrasted with South Korea, which surpassed the North in terms of absolute

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where foreign companies can operate with tax and tariff incentives while North Korean establishments gain access to improved technology. Initially four such zones existed, but they yielded little overall success. The SEZ system was overhauled in 2013 when 14 new zones were opened and the

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Soviet forces withdrew from the North in 1948, and most American forces withdrew from the South in 1949. Ambassador Shtykov suspected Rhee was planning to invade the North and was sympathetic to Kim's goal of Korean unification under socialism. The two successfully lobbied Soviet leader

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North Korea has a life expectancy of 72.3 years in 2019, according to HDR 2020. While North Korea is classified as a low-income country, the structure of North Korea's causes of death (2013) is unlike that of other low-income countries. Instead, it is closer to worldwide averages, with

3215:. On 11 October 2008, the United States removed North Korea from its list of states that sponsor terrorism after Pyongyang agreed to cooperate on issues related to its nuclear program. North Korea was re-designated a state sponsor of terrorism by the U.S. under the administration of 1713:

Industry was the favored sector in North Korea. Industrial production returned to pre-war levels by 1957. In 1959, relations with Japan had improved somewhat, and North Korea began allowing the repatriation of Japanese citizens in the country. The same year, North Korea revalued the

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Before it ended, the Korean War cost over 3 million people their lives, including over 50,000 US servicemen and women and a much higher number of Chinese and Korean lives. The war also set in motion a number of changes that led to the militarization and intensification of the Cold

2496:, and stayed in power until his death. Kim developed a cult of personality closely tied to the state philosophy of Juche, which was later passed on to his successors: his son Kim Jong Il in 1994 and grandson Kim Jong Un in 2011. In 2013, Clause 2 of Article 10 of the newly edited 4311:, mathematics, software, nuclear technology and rocketry as potential areas of inter-Korean scientific cooperation. North Korean institutes are strong in these fields of research, although their engineers require additional training, and laboratories need equipment upgrades. 4406:

with 1.18 million fixed lines and expanding mobile coverage is in place. Most phones are installed for senior government officials and installation requires written explanation why the user needs a telephone and how it will be paid for. Cellular coverage is available with a

3656:(no crime without a law), but remains a tool for political control despite several amendments reducing ideological influence. Courts carry out legal procedures related to not only criminal and civil matters, but also political cases as well. Political prisoners are sent to 5879:). Most movies have predictable propaganda story lines which make cinema an unpopular entertainment; viewers only see films that feature their favorite actors. Western productions are only available at private showings to high-ranking Party members, although the 1997 film 3928:

The North Korean government rejects the human rights abuse claims, calling them a smear campaign and a human rights racket made to topple the government. In a 2014 report to the UN, North Korea dismissed accusations of atrocities as wild rumors. The official state media,

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A free universal insurance system is in place. Quality of medical care varies significantly by region and is often low, with severe shortages of equipment, drugs and anesthetics. According to WHO, expenditure on health per capita is one of the lowest in the world.

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prohibited due to concerns about foreign influence. The number of Christian churchgoers nonetheless more than doubled between the 1980s and the early 2000s due to the recruitment of Christians who previously worshipped privately or in small house churches. The

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was elected president of South Korea with a promise to return to the Sunshine Policy. In February 2018, a détente developed at the Winter Olympics held in South Korea. In April, South Korean president Moon Jae-in and Kim Jong Un met at the DMZ, and, in the

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Based on satellite images and defector testimonies, an estimated 200,000 prisoners are held in six large prison camps, where they are made to work to right their wrongdoings. Supporters of the government who deviate from the government line are subject to

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under Kim Jong Un, is viewed by the official North Korean line as an embodiment of Kim Il Sung's wisdom, an expression of his leadership, and an idea which provides "a complete answer to any question that arises in the struggle for national liberation".

2507:, the cult of personality, particularly surrounding Kim Il Sung, has been crucial for legitimizing the family's hereditary succession. The control the North Korean government exercises over many aspects of the nation's culture is used to perpetuate the 12341: 9855: 20400: 3888: 2540:", sung by the North Korean army choir, was created especially for Kim Jong Il and is one of the most popular tunes in the country. Kim Il Sung is still officially revered as the nation's "Eternal President". Several landmarks in North Korea are 1948:

redefine the boundary with South Korea as the 'Southern National Borderline,' further intensifying the rhetoric against South Korea. Kim Jong-un also stated that in the event of a war, North Korea would seek to annex the entirety of South Korea.

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The US Government contradicted earlier North Korean claims that it had agreed to remove the Stalinist dictatorship's designation as a terrorist state and to lift economic sanctions, as part of talks aimed at disarming Pyongyang of its nuclear

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markets. In 2009, the government attempted to stem the expanding free market by banning jangmadang and the use of foreign currency, heavily devaluing the won and restricting the convertibility of savings in the old currency, but the resulting

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The relative peace between the North and South following the armistice was interrupted by border skirmishes, celebrity abductions, and assassination attempts. The North failed in several assassination attempts on South Korean leaders, such as

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The sale of weapons to North Korea by other states is prohibited by UN sanctions, and the KPA's conventional capabilities are limited by a number of factors including obsolete equipment, insufficient fuel supplies and a shortage of digital

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Assembly that the constitution should be changed such that South Korea would be considered the "primary foe and invariable principal enemy" of North Korea. Additionally, government agencies tasked with promoting reunification were closed.

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that established principles of working toward peaceful reunification. The talks ultimately failed because in 1973, South Korea declared its preference that the two Koreas should seek separate memberships in international organizations.

4501:, North Korea's 25,971,909 people are ethnically homogeneous. Demographic experts in the 20th century estimated that the population would grow to 25.5 million by 2000 and 28 million by 2010, but this increase never occurred due to the 4303:

scientific plan emphasizing IT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, marine technology, and laser and plasma research was carried out in the early 2000s. A 2010 report by the South Korean Science and Technology Policy Institute identified

11227: 4329:" slogan, the state has launched a project to concentrate education, scientific research and production into a number of "high-tech development zones". International sanctions remain a significant obstacle to their development. The 4256:

North Korea's energy infrastructure is obsolete and in disrepair. Power shortages are chronic and would not be alleviated even by electricity imports because the poorly maintained grid causes significant losses during transmission.

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spike and rare public protests caused a reversal of these policies. Private trade is dominated by women because most men are required to be present at their workplace, even though many state-owned enterprises are non-operational.

1430:. The Korean industrial working class expanded rapidly, and many Koreans went to work in Manchuria. As a result, 65% of Korea's heavy industry was located in the north, but, due to the rugged terrain, only 37% of its agriculture. 2311:, North Korean state media describes the elections as "an expression of the absolute support and trust of all voters in the DPRK government". Supreme People's Assembly sessions are convened by the SPA Standing Committee, whose 14512: 19680: 10240:

North Korea has been ruled as a hereditary dictatorship since its founding in 1948 by Kim Il Sung. His son, Kim Jong Il, took over after his father's death in 1994. And Kim Jong Un took power 17 years later when Kim Jong Il

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has written that "almost any story is treated as broadly credible, no matter how outlandish or thinly sourced". Occasional deliberate disinformation on the part of North Korean establishments further complicates the issue.

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and adjacent islands. Despite its official title as the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", some observers have described North Korea's political system as a "hereditary dictatorship". It has also been described as a

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that approximately restored the original boundaries between North and South Korea, but no peace treaty was signed. Approximately 3 million people died in the Korean War, with a higher proportional civilian death toll than

1936:, a title previously held by Kim Jong Il. On 24 March 2022, North Korea conducted a successful ICBM test launch for the first time since the 2017 crisis. In September 2022, North Korea passed a law that declared itself a 3672:

was separated from the Ministry of Public Security in 1973 to conduct domestic and foreign intelligence, counterintelligence and manage the political prison system. Political camps can be short-term reeducation zones or

1341:. For this reason, the people do not consider themselves as 'North Koreans' but as Koreans in the same divided country as their compatriots in the South, and foreign visitors are discouraged from using the former term. 5716: 18694: 10394: 8867: 5382:

is emphasized through physical exercise and sports, nationwide monthly checkups and routine spraying of public places against disease. Every individual has a lifetime health card which contains a full medical record.

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Transport infrastructure in North Korea includes railways, highways, water and air routes, but rail transport is by far the most widespread. North Korea has some 5,200 kilometers (3,200 mi) of railways mostly in

2560:". Following the death of Kim Il Sung, North Koreans were prostrating and weeping to a bronze statue of him in an organized event; similar scenes were broadcast by state television following the death of Kim Jong Il. 5643:

is considered a secondary genre because it somewhat departs from the traditional standards of detailed descriptions and metaphors of the leader. The exotic settings of the stories give authors more freedom to depict

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Claims that the family has been deified are contested by B. R. Myers: "Divine powers have never been attributed to either of the two Kims. In fact, the propaganda apparatus in Pyongyang has generally been careful

2402: 14861: 12399: 11024: 5741: 3914:. North Korea is the only country in the world that has not explicitly criminalized any form of modern slavery. A United Nations report listed slavery among the crimes against humanity occurring in North Korea. 13070: 6761:"But when Emperor Wu conquered Choson, all the small barbarian tribes in the northeastern region were incorporated into the established Han commanderies because of the overwhelming military might of Han China." 1433:

Northern Korea had little exposure to modern, Western ideas. One partial exception was the penetration of religion. Since the arrival of missionaries in the late nineteenth century, the northwest of Korea, and

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Industry and services employ 65% of North Korea's 12.6 million labor force. Major industries include machine building, military equipment, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing and tourism.

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North Korea has the highest number of doctors per capita amongst low-income countries, with 3.7 physicians per 1,000 people, a figure which is also significantly higher than that of South Korea, according to

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and dances while another 40,000 participants create a vast animated screen in the background. The event is an artistic representation of the country's history and pays homage to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il.

3586:. The defense industry is capable of producing a full range of individual and crew-operated weapons, artillery, armored vehicles, tanks, missiles, helicopters, submarines, landing and infiltration craft and 2556:. Defectors have been quoted as saying that North Korean schools deify both father and son. Kim Il Sung rejected the notion that he had created a cult around himself and accused those who suggested this of " 1841: 15836: 19196: 2432:

eventually replaced Marxism–Leninism entirely by the 1980s, and in 1992 references to the latter were omitted from the constitution. The 2009 constitution dropped references to communism and elevated the

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after the fall of Wiman Joseon. The location of the commanderies has become a controversial topic in Korea in recent years. However, the location of the commanderies is not controversial outside of Korea.

5597:, ideological education materials and party policy documents. The availability of foreign literature is limited, examples being North Korean editions of Indian, German, Chinese and Russian fairy tales, 4457:. On 19 September 2016, a TLDR project noticed the North Korean Internet DNS data and top-level domain was left open which allowed global DNS zone transfers. A dump of the data discovered was shared on 2337:

since 14 August 2020, who's officially the second-ranking official after Kim Jong Un. The Premier represents the government and functions independently. His authority extends over two vice premiers, 30

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another 'national defense state' in which a command economy was pursued not as an end in itself, but as a prerequisite for rapid armament. North Korea is, in other words, a national-socialist country

5506:(WHC) in July 2004. There are 63 burial mounds on the site, with clear murals preserved. The burial customs of the Goguryeo culture have influenced Asian civilizations beyond Korea, including Japan. 3513: 2428:, but in the mid-1970s, it was described by state propaganda as "the only scientific thought... and most effective revolutionary theoretical structure that leads to the future of communist society". 17722: 15991: 2563:

Critics maintain that Kim Jong Il's personality cult was inherited from his father. Kim Jong Il was often the center of attention throughout ordinary life. His birthday is one of the most important

2414:

were made up of a complex mixture of factors, including the popularity of Kim Il Sung, the conflict with pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese dissenters, and Korea's centuries-long struggle for independence.

2259:", while his father Kim Jong Il who succeeded Kim Il Sung as the leader was announced "Eternal General Secretary" and "Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission" after his death in 2011. 2097:. Approximately 60 percent of all precipitation occurs from June to September. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons between summer and winter. The daily average high and low temperatures for 14441: 13478: 8799: 16387: 9583: 5804: 3921:

and is not making significant efforts to do so. North Korea has trafficked thousands of its own citizens allegedly as forced laborers to Russia, Poland, Malaysia, various parts of Africa and the

13434: 13285: 7076: 5925:, all media outlets serve as government mouthpieces, all journalists are party members and listening to foreign broadcasts carries the threat of the death penalty. The main news provider is the 4277:

from renewable sources by 2044, up from its current total of 430,000 kilowatts from all sources. Wind power is projected to satisfy 15% of the country's total energy demand under this strategy.

3943:] to sponsor dealing with others' human rights issue." The government, however, admitted some human rights issues related to living conditions and stated that it is working to improve them. 2437:

military first policy while explicitly confirming the position of Kim Jong Il. However, the constitution retains references to socialism. The WPK reasserted its commitment to communism in 2021.

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The government emphasized optimistic folk-based tunes and revolutionary music throughout most of the 20th century. Ideological messages are conveyed through massive orchestral pieces like the "

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in the world behind China, India and the United States. About 20 percent of men aged 17–54 serve in the regular armed forces, and approximately one in every 25 citizens is an enlisted soldier.

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became its ruler. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the North on 9 September 1948. Shtykov served as the first Soviet ambassador, while Kim Il Sung became premier.

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and monuments are designed and produced. The studio has commercialized its activity and sells its works to collectors in a variety of countries including China, where it is in high demand.

5252:, 4,800 four-year primary and 4,700 six-year secondary schools. 77% of males and 79% of females aged 30–34 have finished secondary school. An additional 300 universities and colleges offer 1754:

in 1976. For almost two decades after the war, the two states did not seek to negotiate with one another. In 1971, secret, high-level contacts began to be conducted culminating in the 1972

1441:

A Korean guerrilla movement emerged in the mountainous interior and in Manchuria, harassing the Japanese imperial authorities. One of the most prominent guerrilla leaders was the Communist

18744: 18376: 16550: 12502: 9822: 14015: 11235: 10659: 8935: 2444:

s concepts of self-reliance have evolved with time and circumstances, but still provide the groundwork for the spartan austerity, sacrifice, and discipline demanded by the party. Scholar

19912: 16230: 12810: 2351: 16647: 14502: 13985: 1212:. Its active-duty army of 1.28 million soldiers is the fourth-largest in the world. In addition to being a member of the United Nations since 1991, North Korea is also a member of the 19672: 16942: 6539:

The constitution of the DPRK, Article 1, states that "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is an independent socialist State representing the interests of all the Korean people."

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are no different from those applied to other arts—motion pictures serve to fulfill the targets of "social education". Some of the most influential films are based on historic events (

4280:

North Korea also strives to develop its own civilian nuclear program. These efforts are under much international dispute due to their military applications and concerns about safety.

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A power struggle to succeed Kim Jong-il as leader of North Korea's Stalinist dictatorship may be looming after his eldest son was reported to have returned from semi-voluntary exile.

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which is often called North Korea's closest ally. Relations were strained beginning in 2006 because of China's concerns about North Korea's nuclear program. Relations improved after

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units. In 2015, North Korea was reported to employ 6,000 sophisticated computer security personnel in a cyberwarfare unit operating out of China. KPA units were blamed for the 2014

17911: 9075: 1615:. In both per capita and absolute terms, North Korea was the country most devastated by the war, which resulted in the death of an estimated 12–15% of the North Korean population ( 20246: 19100: 7336: 18574: 13941: 5738: 17715:"Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total) – Korea, Dem. People's Rep., Korea, Rep., Low income, High income | Data" 15249: 11103: 5787:

is the most widely performed of the Five Great Operas: since its premiere in 1971, it has been played over 1,500 times, and its 2010 tour in China was a major success. Western

14307: 10384: 8857: 6649:"Immediately after destroying Wiman Chosŏn, the Han empire established administrative units to rule large territories in the northern Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria." 6236: 18702: 18043: 15747: 9105: 7830:

sub-region. Even in Asia, while Central and South Asia produced a regional total of 2.8 million in human fatalities, East Asia's regional total is 10.4 million including the

13549: 10227: 10031: 5715: 4419:. The number of subscribers has increased from 3,000 in 2002 to almost two million in 2013. International calls through either fixed or cellular service are restricted, and 3428: 4175:. Overall, external trade in 2013 reached a total of $ 7.3 billion (the highest amount since 1990), while inter-Korean trade dropped to an eight-year low of $ 1.1 billion. 23550: 16102: 16077: 15468: 15446: 15344: 7687: 5184: 4052: 2343: 19471: 18775: 11670: 1627:. As a result of the war, almost every substantial building in North Korea was destroyed. Some have referred to the conflict as a civil war, with other factors involved. 20078: 17444: 14853: 14094: 13263: 12395: 10586: 8750: 3050:. Initially, North Korea had diplomatic ties only with other communist countries, and even today, most of the foreign embassies accredited to North Korea are located in 1634:(DMZ) still divides the peninsula, and an anti-communist and anti-North Korea sentiment remains in South Korea. Since the war, the United States has maintained a strong 20392: 20008: 19988: 18131: 16461: 13062: 5739: 1661:

The post-war 1950s and 1960s saw an ideological shift in North Korea, as Kim Il Sung sought to consolidate his power. Kim Il Sung was highly critical of Soviet premier

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North Korea, run by a Stalinist dictatorship for almost six decades, is largely closed to foreign reporters and it is impossible to independently check today's claims.

5825:

caused a decline in direct ideological messages in pop songs, but themes like comradeship, nostalgia and the construction of a powerful country remained. In 2014, the

3906:(via forced labor), North Korea is ranked highest in the world in terms of the percentage of population in modern slavery, with 10.4 percent enslaved according to the 18097: 10309: 9695: 23567: 23264: 13470: 12631: 1699:. Despite its efforts to break out of the Soviet and Chinese spheres of influence, North Korea remained closely aligned with both countries throughout the Cold War. 19563: 11877: 1638:

which is depicted by the North Korean government as an imperialist occupation force. It claims that the Korean War was caused by the United States and South Korea.

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says most of his time in North Korea involved facilitating the delivery of humanitarian aid and agricultural assistance to a population plagued by food shortages.

3066:. Suffering an economic crisis, it closed a number of its embassies. At the same time, North Korea sought to build relations with developed free market countries. 732: 15833: 8652: 8619: 7617: 23579: 23516: 22643: 20335: 19188: 15386: 14057: 4559: 1815:

that the government proved incapable of curtailing, resulting in the deaths of between 240,000 and 420,000 people. In 1996, the government accepted UN food aid.

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deliver the relief goods broke down and none of the promised aid ever crossed the border. The two countries also organized a reunion of 92 separated families.

2212:(also known as the "Ten Principles of the One-Ideology System") which establishes standards for governance and a guide for the behaviors of North Koreans. The 19441: 19061: 11850: 10442:

EVERY developing country worth its salt has a bustling middle class that is transforming the country and thrilling the markets. So does Stalinist North Korea.

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adopted a policy of "strategic patience", resisting making deals with North Korea. Tensions with South Korea and the United States increased in 2010 with the

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is a subdivision of Mansudae Art Studio that carries out construction of large-scale monuments for international customers. Some of the projects include the

4396: 3481:, though the nature and strength of the country's arsenal is uncertain. As of September 2023, estimates of its size ranged between 40 and 116 assembled 17066: 15981: 11899: 11570: 10738: 10001: 9132: 8956: 17714: 12438: 12067: 8234:

Schaefer, Bernd. "North Korean 'Adventurism' and China's Long Shadow, 1966–1972". Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2004.

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estimated to amount to between 2,500 and 5,000 tons, including nerve, blister, blood, and vomiting agents, as well as the ability to cultivate and produce

2037:

The coastal plains are wide in the west and discontinuous in the east. A great majority of the population lives in the plains and lowlands. According to a

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and per capita income by the 1980s. North Korea declared the last seven-year plan unsuccessful in December 1993 and thereafter stopped announcing plans.

3089:. As of 2015, North Korea had diplomatic relations with 166 countries and embassies in 47 countries. North Korea does not have diplomatic relations with 2248: 2135: 1929: 357: 18070: 16260: 14123: 13102: 13010: 12918: 12751: 10796: 9573: 7072: 3688:

The security apparatus is extensive, exerting strict control over residence, travel, employment, clothing, food and family life. Security forces employ

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recover from the Korean War and register very high growth rates. Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy shifted from the

17029: 11374: 7757: 6797: 4441:. Its content is limited to state media, chat services, message boards, an e-mail service and an estimated 1,000–5,500 websites. Computers employ the 1898:

was announced as his successor. In the face of international condemnation, North Korea continued to develop its nuclear arsenal, possibly including a

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ice-free and host a merchant fleet of 158 vessels. Eighty-two airports and 23 helipads are operational and the largest serve the state-run airline,

1822:

became U.S. President in 2001. His administration rejected South Korea's Sunshine Policy and the Agreed Framework. Bush included North Korea in his

23001: 22151: 16150: 16124: 16049: 15951: 15925: 15899: 15597: 15520: 15494: 14815: 14379: 9925: 3161: 1499: 703: 603: 18736: 18610: 18536: 17684: 15170: 13591: 13170: 10152: 1598:. The UNC, led by the United States, intervened to defend the South, and rapidly advanced into North Korea. As they neared the border with China, 23194: 23109: 22295: 21341: 20653: 20641: 18380: 16542: 15779: 15408: 15042: 15015: 14976: 14957: 14007: 13040: 12948: 12841: 12492: 10346: 10196: 9830: 9540: 8834: 7664: 7099: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3346:, pledged to work for peace and nuclear disarmament. In September, at a joint news conference in Pyongyang, Moon and Kim agreed upon turning the 3231: 2307:. Elections in North Korea have also been described as a form of government census, due to the near 100% turnout. Although the elections are not 2208:"guided in its building and activities only by great Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism". In addition to the constitution, North Korea is governed by the 1487: 1056: 18315: 16185: 10671: 5260:

and 20% in sciences, and the imbalances in curriculum. The study of natural sciences is greatly emphasized while social sciences are neglected.

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has been a growing sector for the past decade. North Korea has been aiming to increase the number of foreign visitors through projects like the

2485:

Since the founding of the nation, North Korea's supreme leadership has stayed within the Kim family, which in North Korea is referred to as the

2383:

Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism is the official ideology of North Korea and the WPK, and is the cornerstone of party works and government operations.

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listed the entire population as literate. An 11-year free, compulsory cycle of primary and secondary education is provided in more than 27,000

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with 17%. The government under Kim Jong Un has increased emphasis on renewable energy projects like wind farms, solar parks, solar heating and

4171:

at 3.3% share ($ 205 million). In 2014, Russia wrote off 90% of North Korea's debt and the two countries agreed to conduct all transactions in

4020:, flexible prices and salaries, and the introduction of incentives and accountability techniques. Despite these changes, North Korea remains a 3416: 3165: 1933: 399: 380: 20327: 19909: 19307: 14537: 14243: 13977: 12802: 11727: 8773: 7318: 7119: 23257: 22214: 20956: 13511: 12609: 11547: 11266: 8429: 8084: 4369: 3591:

2014, the highest level in the world. North Korea successfully tested a new type of submarine-launched ballistic missile on 19 October 2021.

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is frequently shown to university students as an example of Western culture. Access to foreign media products is available through smuggled

5344:

for example had a child mortality rate of 120 per 1,000, despite the fact that Chad was most likely wealthier than North Korea at the time.

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Korean heritage is protected and maintained by the state. Over 190 historical sites and objects of national significance are cataloged as

3917:

According to the US State Department, the North Korean government does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of

3646:

Judges are elected by their respective local people's assemblies, but this vote tends to be overruled by the Workers' Party of Korea. The

3582:. Weapons are manufactured in roughly 1,800 underground defense industry plants scattered throughout the country, most of them located in 23687: 23428: 23099: 22779: 21660: 21072: 20982: 20951: 20838: 19092: 17903: 16203: 10253:

Lim, Sora; Ko, Sunghwah (31 December 2020). "North Korean Leaders' Personality Reflection on Provocation Patterns: Narcissism and Fear".

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Kim Il Sung's personal works are considered "classical masterpieces" while the ones created under his instruction are labeled "models of

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since its establishment in 1959. It employs around 1,000 artists in what is likely the biggest art factory in the world where paintings,

5348: 4552: 4153:

Foreign trade surpassed pre-crisis levels in 2005 and continues to expand. North Korea has a number of special economic zones (SEZs) and

4016:

of assets and decentralized control over production. A second round of reforms in 2002 led to an expansion of market activities, partial

3369: 3307: 3058:. In the 1960s and 1970s, it pursued an independent foreign policy, established relations with many developing countries, and joined the 1620: 1209: 19714: 17448: 15713: 8723: 6626:"They place it northwest of the peninsula, possibly near Beijing, in order to de-emphasize China's influence on ancient Korean history." 5316:

as a single disease group was reported as the largest cause of death in North Korea. The three major causes of death in North Korea are

4194:

which carry 80% of annual passenger traffic and 86% of freight, but electricity shortages undermine their efficiency. Construction of a

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from 27 to 28 February 2019, but failed to achieve an agreement. On 30 June 2019, Trump met with Kim along with South Korean president

2347: 667: 19774: 18570: 16577: 15241: 13952: 13765: 13621: 11697: 11600: 11486: 10813: 10492: 7779: 23401: 23031: 22766: 20975: 20301: 19618: 13883: 13808: 13196: 11640: 11093: 10553: 7296: 3664: 2275: 2139: 20288: 17845: 17778:"Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) – Korea, Dem. People's Rep., Low income, Middle income | Data" 15811: 14297: 13665: 12709: 9398: 6922: 5448:

Despite a historically strong Chinese influence, Korean culture has shaped its own unique identity. It came under attack during the

3438:

Of all the KPA's branches, the Ground Force is the largest, comprising approximately one million personnel divided into 80 infantry

1426:. In the 1930s, Japan developed mines, hydro-electric dams, steel mills, and manufacturing plants in northern Korea and neighboring 23747: 23250: 23169: 23134: 23083: 22868: 22417: 22001: 21065: 19409: 18501: 18033: 18004: 17249: 15739: 15305: 12560: 9917: 9097: 9063: 3669: 3226:

US President Trump met with Kim in Singapore on 12 June 2018. An agreement was signed between the two countries endorsing the 2017

2271: 18640: 17943: 14596: 14573: 13558: 12260: 10219: 10023: 9208:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 6866: 6193:

represents the nation in international basketball competitions as well. In December 2013, former American basketball professional

5905:

are just a few films that have been smuggled across the borders of North Korea, allowing for access to the North Korean citizens.

3323:

space launch vehicle. The next few years witnessed a string of hostilities, including the alleged North Korean involvement in the

23273: 22516: 20970: 20934: 20818: 20785: 19039: 18416: 17605: 17490: 12236: 12212: 12180: 11819: 11001: 9728: 5476: 4614: 4594: 4227: 3424: 3204: 3122: 2576: 2492:. It is a three-generation lineage descending from the country's first leader, Kim Il Sung, who developed North Korea around the 2263: 2183: 1783:; Kim Jong Il declared a three-year period of national mourning, afterward officially announcing his position as the new leader. 19337: 18767: 16094: 16074: 15438: 15340: 11787: 9174: 8448: 8074: 5328:. Non-communicable diseases risk factors in North Korea include high rates of urbanization, an aging society, and high rates of 4273:

and environmental conservation. North Korea's long-term objective is to curb fossil fuel usage and reach an output of 5 million

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scheme. Winters bring clear weather interspersed with snow storms as a result of northern and northwestern winds that blow from

1834:, while North Korea redoubled its efforts to acquire nuclear weapons. On 9 October 2006, North Korea announced it had conducted 23157: 22791: 22684: 22521: 22229: 22166: 20427: 19941:

Jackson, Van. "Deterring a Nuclear-Armed Adversary in a Contested Regional Order: The 'Trilemma' of US–North Korea Relations."

19463: 19250: 18343: 16807: 14091: 11662: 9274: 7290: 4545: 2541: 2038: 1891: 1780: 1755: 1155:; however, outside observers have described the elections as unfair, uncompetitive, and pre-determined, in a manner similar to 20067: 19901: 19254: 16896:"Korea, Democratic People's Republic (DPRK) | WFP | United Nations World Food Programme – Fighting Hunger Worldwide" 16513: 16290: 16024: 13255: 12574: 10576: 9454: 8746: 7554: 5777:. Revolutionary operas differ from their Western counterparts by adding traditional instruments to the orchestra and avoiding 1775:

on 26 December 1991, ending its aid and support to North Korea. In 1992, as Kim Il Sung's health began deteriorating, his son

23462: 23129: 21264: 21055: 21013: 20902: 20887: 20833: 20389: 20131: 20110: 20033: 20000: 19985: 19971: 19931: 19884: 19867: 19840: 19763: 19291: 19013: 18808: 18157: 18128: 17099: 16453: 16213: 14915: 12764: 11299: 10910: 10621: 9933: 9615: 9488: 8478: 8423: 8355: 8325: 8133: 8045: 7601: 7537: 7466: 7433: 7401: 7369: 7222: 7190: 6750: 6722: 6694: 6666: 6640: 6615: 6589: 5321: 4505:. The famine began in 1995, lasted for three years, and resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 420,000 North Koreans. 3822: 3719: 3247: 1545: 20137: 19523: 18107: 17358: 11163: 9861:. Seoul: Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification. January 2018. 8899: 7118: 5298:

non-communicable diseases—such as cardiovascular disease and cancers—accounting for 84 percent of the total deaths in 2016.

3168:

visited North Korea in April 2019. North Korea continues to have strong ties with several Southeast Asian countries such as

2009:

Early European visitors to Korea remarked that the country resembled "a sea in a heavy gale" because of the many successive

23545: 23006: 22981: 22528: 21060: 20184: 16430: 16357: 13471:"Subcommittee on International Human Rights, 40th Parliament, 3rd session, February 1, 2011: Testimony of Ms. Hye Sook Kim" 12373: 9758: 9687: 6190: 5707: 4345: 4289: 3408: 3278: 616: 18930:

Crocker, L. (22 December 2014). North Korea's Secret Movie Bootleggers: How Western Films Make It Into the Hermit Kingdom.

15547: 13138: 12639: 12470: 10063: 9895: 9041: 3965: 2168: 23440: 23352: 23296: 21896: 20897: 20585: 20263: 20074: 19949: 18532: 18207: 17062: 16490: 14476: 14411: 14275: 11873: 9158:

Song, Yong-deok (2007). "The recognition of mountain Baekdu in the Koryo dynasty and early times of the Joseon dynasty".

5397:

According to North Korean documents and refugee testimonies, all North Koreans are sorted into groups according to their

3865: 3478: 3223:

by North Korean agents in the 1970s and the 1980s has had a detrimental effect on North Korea's relationship with Japan.

3181: 2469: 2240: 1937: 1590:, a close ally of North Korea and a member of the UN Security Council, was boycotting the UN over its recognition of the 484: 22786: 22191: 18253: 13368: 11055: 8642: 8609: 7017: 6530:

North Korea's border with South Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula.

5183:. Amnesty International has expressed concerns about religious persecution in North Korea. Pro-North groups such as the 2089:. Summer tends to be by far the hottest, most humid, and rainiest time of year because of the southern and southeastern 23727: 23584: 23174: 22863: 22801: 22330: 21211: 21206: 21135: 20057: 19377: 18672: 17878: 16873: 9947:

Amended and supplemented on 1 April, Juche 102 (2013), at the Seventh Session of the Twelfth Supreme People's Assembly.

8592: 7995: 7957: 7914: 7873: 7822: 7628: 6178: 5211:. Chondoism is recognized and favored by the government, being seen as an indigenous form of "revolutionary religion". 5128: 4361: 3185: 3177: 3094: 1117:

with the population continuing to suffer from malnutrition. In 2024, the DPRK formally abandoned efforts to peacefully

551: 203: 15378: 14175: 14049: 7921:

In Korea, war in the early 1950s cost nearly 3 million lives, including nearly a million civilian dead in South Korea.

4376:

in December 2012, which successfully reached orbit but was believed to be crippled and non-operational. It joined the

4269:. A set of legal regulations adopted in 2014 stressed the development of geothermal, wind and solar energy along with 4008:

trading partners and a series of natural disasters throughout the 1990s caused severe hardships, including widespread

23707: 23611: 23149: 22976: 22956: 22881: 22796: 22761: 22719: 22209: 22101: 21249: 21221: 21145: 20305: 19815: 19742: 18890: 18852: 18182: 17777: 17418: 17196: 17153: 14330: 12569: 11205: 10938: 10281: 8532: 8259: 7271: 5468: 5442: 5355: 5306: 4365: 4293: 3432: 3396:(KPA), is estimated to comprise 1,280,000 active and 6,300,000 reserve and paramilitary troops, making it one of the 3169: 3126: 2267: 2224:, has an estimated 6.5 million members and is in control of North Korean politics. It has two satellite parties, the 1811:

Flooding in the mid-1990s exacerbated the economic crisis, severely damaging crops and infrastructure and leading to

1438:

in particular, had been a stronghold of Christianity. As a result, Pyongyang was called the "Jerusalem of the East".

177: 19069: 17388: 17281: 12970: 12527: 12108: 8678: 1273:

After the division of the country into North and South Korea, the two sides used different terms to refer to Korea:

161: 23557: 23381: 23369: 23036: 22847: 22443: 22407: 22267: 22076: 21926: 21901: 21331: 21008: 20882: 20681: 20677: 19431: 17755: 16730: 16317: 14933: 12941:"UN Documents for DPRK (North Korea): Security Council Resolutions [View All Security Council Resolutions]" 11956: 11842: 9652: 9007: 6157: 5136:

mission, a Protestant group based in the United States and founded during the Cold War era, claims the most severe

4147: 4111: 3689: 3193: 3118: 3110: 3102: 3017: 2508: 2308: 2054: 2050: 2042: 1918: 1885: 1881: 1510:

was violently crushed. The South declared its statehood in May 1948 and two months later the ardent anti-communist

1132: 893: 888: 19157: 18978: 16972: 16684: 16648:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 16599: 15717: 15691: 15665: 15627: 15120: 15094: 15068: 14761: 13319: 12278: 10317: 9517: 8279:. Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University. Cornell University Press. pp. 99–100. 7046: 6955: 6004: 2082: 23623: 23041: 22287: 21653: 21254: 21077: 20722: 20533: 19497: 19210: 18279: 12064: 9991: 6822: 6174: 5897: 5731: 5358:, almost 100% of the population has access to water and sanitation. Further, 80% of the population had access to 4223: 4202:

with speeds exceeding 200 kilometers per hour (120 mph) was approved in 2013. North Korea connects with the

3922: 3579: 3153: 3114: 3027: 2262:

According to the constitution, there are officially three main branches of government. The first of these is the

1827: 1772: 1719: 1602:

intervened on behalf of North Korea, shifting the balance of the war again. Fighting ended on 27 July 1953, with

1110: 13905: 12422: 12301: 6985: 2255:. His grandfather Kim Il Sung, the founder and leader of North Korea until his death in 1994, is the country's " 23063: 22961: 22913: 22746: 22674: 22340: 22277: 22252: 22138: 21891: 21040: 20210: 19555: 16895: 9647:[Has party membership surged in the north? Estimated attendance of '6.5 million' at party convention]. 7151: 5585:

All publishing houses are owned by the government or the WPK because they are considered an important tool for

5472: 5264:

is actively applied to develop the independence and creativity of students throughout the system. The study of

5143:

There are no known official statistics of religions in North Korea. According to a 2020 study published by the

4814: 4498: 4114:

are some of the primary crops. A significant contribution to the food supply comes from commercial fishing and

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and Kim Jong Il signed an eight-point peace agreement. However, relations worsened when South Korean president

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has ever been signed. Post-war North Korea benefited greatly from economic aid and expertise provided by other

1028: 981: 242: 22756: 16268: 14691: 14050:"North Korea: UN Commission documents wide-ranging and ongoing crimes against humanity, urges referral to ICC" 9791: 4024:

where the state owns almost all means of production and development priorities are defined by the government.

3844:

holding similar views. North Koreans have been referred to as "some of the world's most brutalized people" by

2049:(Yalu) River which flows for 790 kilometers (491 mi). The country contains three terrestrial ecoregions: 1159:. The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling party of North Korea. According to Article 3 of the constitution, 23702: 23521: 23073: 22971: 22751: 22325: 22262: 22109: 22041: 22016: 21913: 21677: 21336: 21092: 21028: 20828: 20795: 20790: 18066: 14115: 13092: 13000: 12908: 12770: 10793: 10765:"Kim Il-Sung | Biography, Facts, Leadership of North Korea, Significance, & Death | Britannica" 8251: 6170: 5965: 5460:

religion, and were forbidden to write or speak the Korean language in schools, businesses, or public places.

5230: 4619: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4589: 4584: 4480: 4154: 3189: 2586: 2304: 2041:

report in 2003, forest covers over 70 percent of the country, mostly on steep slopes. North Korea had a 2019

1160: 1156: 912: 577: 35: 18956: 11749: 10220:"Kim says North Korea must be ready to launch nuclear counterattack as daughter watches latest missile test" 9420: 8503: 5434: 3933:, responded with an article that included homophobic insults against the author of the human rights report, 23752: 23316: 23117: 22816: 22806: 22575: 22348: 22071: 21861: 21508: 21417: 20987: 20368: 20343: 17033: 12865: 10728: 7749: 6338: 6279: 6186: 6106: 5814: 5548: 5291: 4513: 4373: 4135: 2296: 878: 434: 20352: 15141: 11929: 10967: 10506:, p. 111: "Although it was in that 1955 speech that Kim Il-sung gave full voice to his arguments for 4146:. On 22 January 2020, North Korea closed its borders to foreign tourists in response to the threat of the 3635:

and influenced by Japanese traditions and communist legal theory. Judiciary procedures are handled by the

2101:

are −3 and −13 °C (27 and 9 °F) in January and 29 and 20 °C (84 and 68 °F) in August.

23643: 23533: 23445: 23357: 23340: 23162: 23068: 22842: 22436: 22239: 22036: 21986: 21321: 21316: 21279: 21274: 21188: 21035: 21003: 20914: 20877: 20657: 20324: 17807: 16766: 13830: 10419: 8372: 6898: 6333: 6287: 6275: 6201: 5818: 4932: 4470: 4426:

Internet access itself is limited to a handful of elite users and scientists. Instead, North Korea has a

4353: 4159: 4131: 3765: 3749: 3733: 3701: 3682: 3636: 3310:, in which both sides promised to seek peaceful reunification. On 4 October 2007, South Korean president 3197: 2201: 1537: 1495: 1483: 1415: 1144: 1052: 1040: 685: 639: 590: 311: 23214: 18600: 16154: 16128: 16053: 15959: 15929: 15903: 15601: 15524: 14819: 14369: 6824:

Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density

23328: 22928: 22811: 22610: 22412: 22402: 22310: 22305: 21646: 21498: 21168: 20941: 20823: 20742: 20493: 20420: 20380: 20200: 20176: 19341: 19311: 18636: 18528: 18203: 17560: 17058: 15416: 15162: 14545: 13583: 13237: 13160: 10142: 9368: 9136: 7902: 7654: 6432:), is rarely used, although it may be found in sources which predate the Korean War. South Koreans use 6247:. Successful Olympians receive luxury apartments from the state in recognition for their achievements. 5926: 5768: 5544: 4027:

North Korea has the structural profile of a relatively industrialized country where nearly half of the

3930: 3781: 3711: 2213: 1747: 1635: 1603: 1599: 1072: 831: 20228: 18305: 15769: 15032: 15012: 14973: 14954: 13032: 12940: 12833: 11025:"Korean Monarch Kim Jong Il: Technocrat Ruler of the Hermit Kingdom Facing the Challenge of Modernity" 10354: 10186: 9550: 8830: 6197:

visited North Korea to help train the national team after he developed a friendship with Kim Jong Un.

6034:, it has gone through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends. 6022:

Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient

4629: 3062:. In the late 1980s and the 1990s its foreign policy was thrown into turmoil with the collapse of the 106: 23732: 23697: 23474: 23179: 23051: 22181: 22066: 21956: 21614: 21558: 21018: 20892: 20636: 20488: 20483: 20314: 17874: 16177: 10380: 7425: 7393: 7214: 5943: 5930: 5914: 5909: 5556: 5449: 5367: 5302: 5225: 5137: 4400: 4163: 3873: 3455: 3451: 3331: 3273: 2537: 2479: 2449: 2407: 2110: 2078: 1869: 1743: 1631: 1541: 1419: 1404: 1325:) as its official name. In the wider world, because its government controls the northern part of the 965: 538: 20165: 17336: 15271: 14790: 13746: 8165:

Pyongyang Between Peking and Moscow: North Korea's Involvement in the Sino-Soviet Dispute, 1958–1975

7249: 6216:

saw its summer games debut and five medals, including one gold. With the exception of the boycotted

2453: 23122: 23046: 22679: 22580: 22086: 21921: 21619: 21576: 21526: 21460: 21269: 21259: 21231: 21155: 21082: 21050: 21023: 20929: 20810: 20777: 20732: 20554: 19315: 18069:(book review of 'Kim Il-song's North Korea' by Helen-Louise Hunter). winzigconsultingservices.com. 14549: 14235: 14213: 13752: 13500: 11719: 11098: 9578: 8777: 8530:

Spoorenberg, Thomas; Schwekendiek, Daniel (2012). "Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993–2008".

7308: 5822: 5796: 5594: 5503: 5480: 5456:

policy. Koreans were forced to learn and speak Japanese, adopt the Japanese family name system and

5220: 4184: 4103: 3881: 3813: 3678: 3628: 3610: 3463: 3303: 2582: 2236: 2221: 2058: 1957: 1360: 1263: 1152: 1136: 654: 420: 22031: 20001:"Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" 13690: 13286:"North Korea Confirms Test of New Type of Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile – October 20, 2021" 12599: 12010:"REPORT TO THE SIXTH CONGRESS OF THE WORKERS' PARTY OF KOREA ON THE WORK OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE" 11539: 11262: 5502:. These remains were registered as the first World Heritage property of North Korea in the UNESCO 4078: 3826:

A map of political prison camps in North Korea. An estimated 40% of prisoners die of malnutrition.

3400:. With an active duty army consisting of 4.9% of its population, North Korea maintains the fourth 2500:

stated that the party and revolution must be carried "eternally" by the "Mount Paektu Bloodline".

92: 23692: 22986: 22491: 22119: 21609: 21581: 21531: 21045: 20924: 20919: 20747: 20561: 20276: 19127:"North Korea's invisible phone, killer dogs and other such stories – why the world is transfixed" 17167:

North Korea is officially an atheist state in which almost the entire population is nonreligious.

16761: 15834:"How Satellite Images of the Earth at Night Help Us Understand Our World and Make Better Cities". 12035: 12013: 10733: 9958: 8088: 7987: 7814: 5572: 5325: 5241: 5096: 4494: 4485: 4416: 4385: 4340:

Significant resources have been allocated to the national space program, which is managed by the

4040: 4036: 3892: 3797: 3412: 3393: 3363: 3140: 2971: 2952: 2914: 2895: 2660: 2655: 2645: 2640: 2478:

North Korean citizens paying respect to the statues of Kim Il Sung (left) and Kim Jong Il at the

2357:

North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire

2114: 1670: 1571: 1503: 1423: 1384: 1337:

in English. Both governments consider themselves to be the legitimate government of the whole of

1255: 1205: 1004: 746: 471: 344: 326: 22006: 20401:

Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

19592: 17210:

Atheism continues to be the official position of the governments of China, North Korea and Cuba.

15867:"Kim Jong Un is skirting sanctions and pursuing this energy strategy to keep North Korea afloat" 14145: 12148: 7627:. Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use. April 2003. Archived from 6789: 23283: 23204: 23199: 23139: 22590: 22533: 22479: 22474: 22378: 22272: 22124: 22021: 21966: 21586: 21568: 21536: 21518: 21226: 21198: 21150: 21127: 21087: 20907: 20800: 20762: 20737: 20672: 20668: 19493: 16843: 13241: 11663:"Putin thanks North Korea for supporting Ukraine war as Pyongyang displays its nukes in parade" 7906: 6888: 6343: 6266: 5599: 5423: 5329: 5313: 5208: 4780: 4203: 4139: 4028: 3987: 3952: 3707: 3230:

signed by North and South Korea, pledging to work towards denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.

2857: 2838: 2675: 2635: 2545: 2331: 2327: 2285: 2229: 2159: 2045:

mean score of 8.02/10, ranking it 28th globally out of 172 countries. The longest river is the

1994:. It covers an area of 120,540 square kilometers (46,541 sq mi). To its west are the 1961: 1678: 1579: 1350: 1168: 778: 740: 376: 19158:"Why You Shouldn't Necessarily Trust Those Reports Of Kim Jong-un Executing His Ex-Girlfriend" 18798: 17685:"Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total) – Korea, Dem. People's Rep. | Data" 17359:"2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)" 17139: 11424: 11263:"Audition de M. Jack Lang, envoyé spécial du Président de la République pour la Corée du Nord" 9476: 8037: 8031: 7949: 7182: 6740: 6712: 6684: 6656: 5286: 4098:

production are among the few sectors where North Korea performs significantly better than its

4043:(PPP) GDP is estimated at $ 40 billion, with a very low per capita value of $ 1,800. In 2012, 3864:

mostly without any chance of being released. Forced labor is part of an established system of

3022: 1522:

to support a quick war against the South, which culminated in the outbreak of the Korean War.

22714: 22585: 22219: 22081: 22026: 21771: 21216: 21183: 21140: 20413: 20098: 19753: 19707: 17458: 16812: 13803: 13617: 12787: 9939: 8713: 8413: 8123: 7529: 6635: 6510: 6414:) when referring to North Korea or Korea as a whole. The literal translation of North Korea, 6384: 6155:

is popular inside the country and its games are often televised. The national football team,

5453: 5379: 5281: 5180: 5172: 4520:

birth rate is 14.5 births per year per 1,000 population. Two-thirds of households consist of

4438: 4389: 4239: 4219: 4143: 4083: 4044: 3934: 3837: 3652: 3343: 3227: 3212: 2339: 1586:'s recognition of North Korean aggression against South Korea. The motion passed because the 1140: 112: 77: 18571:"Benoit Symposium: From Pyongyang to Mars: Sci-fi, Genre, and Literary Value in North Korea" 13773: 7937: 7894: 7717:

Lankov, Andrei. "North Korea in 1945–48: The Soviet Occupation and the Birth of the State".

7593: 7586: 7458: 7451: 7174: 6579: 5464:

culture have been discarded and cultural forms with a "folk" spirit have been reintroduced.

4118:. Smaller specialized farms, managed by the state, also produce high-value crops, including 3306:, when Kim Dae-jung visited Kim Jong Il in Pyongyang. Both North and South Korea signed the 1003:

was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. Following the unification of the

23682: 23233: 22966: 22876: 22699: 22627: 22595: 22545: 22540: 22315: 22201: 22171: 22134: 22051: 21591: 21541: 21326: 20601: 20043: 19959: 19789: 19610: 17904:"Physicians (per 1,000 people) – Low income, Korea, Dem. People's Rep., Korea, Rep. | Data" 17443: 16573: 14434:"North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking" 13629: 13192: 11693: 11608: 11450: 10817: 10724: 9219: 6240: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6132: 6123: 6118: 6098: 5999: 5845: 5689: 4434: 4349: 4314: 3911: 3324: 3251: 3086: 3078: 3059: 2445: 2425: 1862: 1686: 1624: 1221: 1213: 1188: 1118: 1113:

in 1991 then brought about a sharp decline to the North Korean economy. From 1994 to 1998,

17: 23209: 17837: 17089: 14593: 14571:

KCNA Assails Role Played by Japan for UN Passage of "Human Rights" Resolution against DPRK

13875: 13798: 11630: 4106:

and state farms were moderately successful until the mid-1990s but now experience chronic

8: 22996: 22704: 22555: 22508: 22496: 21961: 21478: 21455: 21422: 21173: 20285: 19399: 19220: 18102: 17995: 17188: 15801: 14570: 14507: 13655: 13501:"The Hidden Gulag – Exposing Crimes against Humanity in North Korea's Vast Prison System" 12713: 12690: 12336: 10342: 9394: 8614: 6270: 6182: 6166: 5981: 5918: 5881: 5612: 5532: 5519: 5499: 5487: 5359: 5192: 5059:("standard language"), which are viewed as decadent because of its use of loanwords from 4825: 4502: 4262: 3540: 3439: 2549: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1812: 1727: 1583: 1479: 1176: 1164: 1114: 1048: 837: 98: 19093:"Associated Press North Korea Bureau Opens As First All-Format News Office In Pyongyang" 18493: 17259: 15301: 12257: 9282: 9223: 8180:

Zagoria, Donald S.; Kim, Young Kun (December 1975). "North Korea and the Major Powers".

5942:

There are three state-owned TV stations. Two of them broadcast only on weekends and the

5908:

North Korean media are under some of the strictest government control in the world. The

1105:. Pyongyang's international isolation sharply accelerated from the 1980s onwards as the 23737: 23418: 22991: 22570: 22560: 22320: 22114: 22046: 22011: 21976: 21546: 21483: 20752: 20704: 20526: 19980:

Lee, Hong Yung. "North Korea in 2013: Economy, Executions, and Nuclear Brinksmanship."

18695:"Meet North Korea's new girl band: five girls who just wanna have state-sanctioned fun" 18632: 18605: 17933: 17661: 17636: 17254: 17145: 16998: 16968: 16866:"The State of North Korean Farming: New Information from the UN Crop Assessment Report" 16724:"Foreign Assistance to North Korea: Congressional Research Service Report for Congress" 16680: 16125:"High-Tech Development Zones: The Core of Building a Powerful Knowledge Economy Nation" 16098: 16052:. The International Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 21 December 2012. Archived from 15986: 15442: 13660: 13259: 12497: 11961: 11478: 11348: 11260: 10943: 10616: 10389: 9963: 9720: 9610: 9340: 9305: 9250: 9207: 8205: 7981: 7842: 6951: 6930: 6893: 6856: 6742:

Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: Volume 2: From the Seventeenth Century to the Modern

6309: 6283: 6262: 5854: 5333: 5080: 5064: 4509: 4377: 4334: 4244: 3845: 3841: 3620: 3606: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3544: 3497: 3492:

According to a 2004 South Korean assessment, North Korea also possesses a stockpile of

3446:, 25 special warfare brigades, 20 mechanized brigades, 10 tank brigades and seven tank 3443: 2990: 2665: 2590: 2553: 2300: 2019: 1471: 1172: 1080: 1036: 564: 337: 19029: 18402: 17598: 17480: 12226: 12202: 12170: 11809: 11779: 10997: 4639: 4508:

International donors led by the United States initiated shipments of food through the

4055:. The economy has been developing dramatically in recent years despite sanctions. The 3899:(ICNK) estimates that over 10,000 people die in North Korean prison camps every year. 3615: 22898: 22664: 22565: 22176: 21971: 21753: 21493: 21437: 21432: 20648: 20127: 20106: 20053: 20047: 20029: 19967: 19927: 19863: 19846: 19836: 19759: 19738: 19345: 19287: 19009: 18804: 18153: 17666: 17192: 17181: 17149: 17095: 16934: 16209: 15302:"North Korea temporarily closes border until further notice – Coronavirus precaution" 14374: 14338: 13256:"N. Korea ranks No. 1 for military spending relative to GDP: State Department report" 12760: 12430: 12279:"North Korea: a deadly attack, a counter-strike – now Koreans hold their breath" 11966: 11470: 11356: 11340: 11200: 10939:"DEATH OF A LEADER: THE SCENE; In Pyongyang, Crowds of Mourners Gather at Kim Statue" 10906: 9929: 9484: 9345: 9327: 9255: 9237: 8862: 8588: 8545: 8474: 8419: 8351: 8321: 8255: 8197: 8129: 8078: 8041: 7991: 7953: 7938: 7910: 7895: 7869: 7831: 7818: 7787: 7597: 7533: 7462: 7429: 7397: 7365: 7218: 7186: 7175: 7147: 6746: 6718: 6690: 6662: 6611: 6585: 6023: 5875: 5832:

was described as the most popular group in the country. North Koreans also listen to

5673: 5525: 4450: 4381: 4326: 4304: 4032: 3918: 3849: 3486: 2557: 2342:, two cabinet commission chairmen, the cabinet chief secretary, the president of the 2292: 2256: 2031: 2023: 1682: 1662: 1654: 1475: 1454: 1044: 996: 23144: 20223: 17635:

Lee, Yo Han; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Kim, Young Ae; Yeom, Ji Won; Oh, In-Hwan (1 May 2013).

16923:"Nutrition and Health in North Korea: What's New, What's Changed and Why It Matters" 16817: 8926:"Delegation visit shows N. Korea can take 'drastic' steps to improve relations: MOU" 8444: 7522: 7300: 5660:, which are absent in other genres. Sci-fi works glorify technology and promote the 30:"Democratic People's Republic of Korea" redirects here. Not to be confused with the 22689: 22360: 22257: 22161: 22156: 22061: 21991: 21837: 21827: 21810: 21805: 21800: 21427: 21389: 21236: 21160: 20757: 20578: 20465: 19246: 18497: 18351: 17656: 17648: 16517: 16294: 16014: 12564: 12332:"South Korea's likely next president warns the U.S. not to meddle in its democracy" 11874:"Trump-Kim summit was cut short after North Korea demanded an end to all sanctions" 11462: 11332: 10764: 10262: 9786: 9450: 9335: 9317: 9245: 9227: 8541: 8189: 7933: 7562: 6557: 6255: 6152: 6031: 5959: 5723: 5665: 5429: 5269: 5265: 5253: 5164: 5084: 5068: 5060: 4249: 4056: 4048: 4013: 3982: 3978: 3853: 3583: 3552: 3543:

assets. To compensate for these deficiencies, the KPA has deployed a wide range of

3493: 3482: 3347: 3031: 2876: 2670: 2358: 1975: 1787: 1715: 1666: 1372: 1326: 992: 815: 441: 284: 23242: 20405: 19898: 19533: 17449:"Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom" 16153:. The International Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 22 May 2014. Archived from 16127:. The International Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 5 June 2014. Archived from 11289: 11056:"When friends become enemies – Understanding left-wing hostility to the DPRK" 10609: 9605: 5608: 1262:

The modern spelling of Korea first appeared in 1671 in the travel writings of the

23540: 22731: 21856: 21842: 21783: 21503: 21407: 21353: 20767: 20396: 20384: 20372: 20347: 20318: 20292: 20280: 20267: 20241: 20204: 20188: 20172: 20121: 19992: 19953: 19916: 19905: 19888: 19881: 19832: 19819: 19006:

North Korea Issues: Nuclear Posturing, Saber Rattling, and International Mischief

18310: 18135: 16426: 16347: 16081: 16019: 15840: 15148: 15037: 15019: 14980: 14961: 14600: 14577: 14098: 13097: 13005: 12913: 12363: 12264: 12071: 11635: 11510:"China's Xi to visit North Korea as both countries lock horns with United States" 11381: 10900: 10800: 10089:"North Korea's premier now ranks as top official. Is he Kim Jong Un's successor?" 9750: 8963: 8889: 8510: 8492:

Defense and Security: A Compendium of National Armed Forces and Security Policies

8315: 7659: 7502: 7483: 7332: 6490: 6317: 5975: 5858: 5826: 5800: 5792: 5788: 5640: 5402: 5200: 5168: 5042: 5034: 5022: 5018: 4521: 4493:

North Korea's population was 10.9 million in 1961. With the exception of a small

4427: 4195: 4021: 3957: 3640: 3294: 3289:

South Korean aid convoy entering North Korea through the Demilitarized Zone, 1998

3208: 3046:", a term that originally referred to the isolationism in the latter part of the 2524: 2487: 2403:

On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work

2323: 2217: 2205: 2194: 2015: 1799: 1739: 1735: 1706: 1696: 1650: 1491: 1408: 1396: 1391:

in 668 AD, Korea was subsequently ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) and the

1302: 1148: 1125: 1032: 341: 334: 290: 250: 238: 61: 22354: 17652: 15521:"North Korean Foreign Trade Volume Posts Record High of USD 7.3 Billion in 2013" 11694:"Country Reports on Terrorism: Chapter 3 – State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview" 10545: 10266: 6042:

are staple Korean food. In a traditional meal, they accompany both side dishes (

5051:("cultured language") as opposed to the dialects of South Korea, especially the 3993: 2069: 23712: 23287: 23104: 22669: 22371: 22091: 21996: 21866: 21712: 21700: 21412: 20251: 16486: 14466: 14370:"Uncovering North Korean Forced Labour in Africa: Towards a Research Framework" 13128: 12460: 10053: 9887: 9232: 9037: 8683: 8647: 7865: 6450:) when referring to North Korea, derived from the South Korean name for Korea, 6269:

as the biggest choreographic event in the world. Some 100,000 athletes perform

6162: 6102: 5995: 5829: 5748: 5604: 5491: 5245: 5176: 5105: 5101: 4984: 4950: 4898: 4882: 4762: 4746: 4712: 4191: 3903: 3485:. Delivery capabilities are provided by the Rocket Force, which has some 1,000 3382: 3285: 3145: 3134: 3070: 3047: 3043: 2316: 2174: 2010: 1819: 1392: 1267: 1233: 1184: 1102: 862: 405: 19946: 19850: 19642:"Kim Jong-un orders spruce up of world's biggest stadium as 'millions starve'" 18245: 14401: 14265: 11691: 11631:"A New U.N. Vote Shows Russia Isn't as Isolated as the West May Like to Think" 9181: 3256: 2303:, though the elections have been described by outside observers as similar to 2124: 1726:

mortality that were comparable to even the most advanced nations up until the

1646: 23676: 23658: 23645: 23574: 23184: 22938: 22694: 22605: 22484: 22224: 21949: 21886: 21817: 21788: 20631: 20514: 20359: 20331: 20236: 20026:

Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty

19673:"North Korea allows tourists to run in Pyongyang marathon for the first time" 19367: 19279: 18662: 16938: 15900:"North Korea to Utilize Science and Technology to Overcome Its Energy Crisis" 14342: 13742: 12604: 12493:"North Korea's Kim shuts agencies working for reunification with South Korea" 12434: 11970: 11474: 11344: 11062: 10655: 10424: 9331: 9241: 9071: 8981:"Mixed signals for North Korean leader's sister as Kim seeks to cement power" 8674: 8201: 8027: 7857: 7417: 7385: 7206: 7007: 6363: 6194: 6084: 5947: 5935: 5922: 5891: 5124: 5052: 4966: 4916: 4864: 4848: 4830: 4728: 4673: 4207: 4172: 3556: 3469: 3315: 2474: 2094: 2027: 1899: 1846: 1519: 1507: 1400: 1388: 1024: 1008: 905: 525: 331: 218: 205: 20181: 19224: 17867: 16865: 13978:"North Korea: Catastrophic human rights record overshadows 'Day of the Sun'" 11360: 9322: 5962:

opened the first Western all-format, full-time bureau in Pyongyang in 2012.

5958:

accounts distribute imagery, news and video issued by government media. The

4682: 1702: 23606: 23457: 23189: 23078: 23058: 22600: 21939: 21871: 21851: 21488: 21450: 20610: 20590: 20522: 19826: 17670: 15598:"High Speed Rail and Road Connecting Kaesong-Pyongyang-Sinuiju to be Built" 14183: 12423:"Opinion | A Solution on North Korea Is There, if Biden Will Only Grasp It" 11323: 10695:"Kim Jong-il's regime is even weirder and more despicable than you thought" 10351:

The Times (online version of United Kingdom's national newspaper of record)

9349: 9259: 8377: 7977: 6376: 6232: 6225: 6140: 5783: 5653: 5645: 5577: 5309:), a disease which is reported to have declined by six percent since 2007. 5249: 5113: 5109: 4512:

in 1997 to combat the famine. Despite a drastic reduction of aid under the

4017: 4005: 3832: 3692:. It is believed they tightly monitor cellular and digital communications. 3564: 3311: 3298: 3216: 2715: 2366: 2197: 2003: 1906: 1858: 1823: 1791: 1768: 1674: 1608: 1587: 1554:

Territory often changed hands early in the war, until the front stabilized.

1511: 1180: 1128: 1088: 1084: 1064: 1060: 973: 18174: 15928:. The Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 17 September 2013. Archived from 14503:"North Korea slams U.N. human rights report because it was led by gay man" 7275: 7121:

Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (2019)

6101:. Okryu-gwan sends research teams into the countryside to collect data on 5195:

still influence spirituality. Chondoism ("Heavenly Way") is an indigenous

4692: 3578:

Much of the equipment in use by the KPA is engineered and manufactured by

1786:

North Korea promised to halt its development of nuclear weapons under the

980:, claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and 23376: 22918: 22550: 21934: 21822: 21766: 21761: 21729: 21599: 21370: 20518: 20450: 19812: 19611:"Despair, hunger and defiance at the heart of the greatest show on earth" 16723: 16095:"Two Koreas can cooperate in chemistry, biotech and nano science: report" 15600:. The Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 20 December 2013. Archived from 12302:"US warns North Korea of increased isolation if threats escalate further" 12118: 11261:

Commission de la défense nationale et des forces armées (30 March 2010).

11132: 9166: 8774:"Lee Myung Bak Group Accused of Scuttling Dialogue and Humanitarian Work" 7835: 6323: 5677: 5204: 4442: 4308: 4115: 4099: 3338: 3261: 3235: 3082: 3074: 3063: 2822: 2803: 2747: 2692: 2529: 2410:, military self-reliance and an independent foreign policy. The roots of 2334: 2154: 2130: 1966: 1944: 1922: 1895: 1831: 1795: 1776: 1612: 1575: 1502:, established in February 1946. In September 1946, South Korean citizens 1463: 1442: 1217: 1092: 1071:

began when North Korean forces invaded South Korea in 1950. In 1953, the

977: 961: 957: 866: 461: 386: 367: 181: 31: 20357:– the newspaper of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea 18461: 18226: 17747: 16151:". 'Miraewon' Electronic Libraries to be Constructed Across North Korea" 14816:"North Korean Economy Records Positive Growth for Two Consecutive Years" 12559: 11482: 9638: 9006:

Seo, Yoonjung; Bae, Gawon; Jozuka, Emiko; Lendon, Brad (24 March 2022).

6250: 6224:, North Korean athletes have won medals in all summer games since then. 5850: 5071:). Words of Chinese, Manchu or Western origin have been eliminated from 3334:, and growing international concern over North Korea's nuclear program. 2281: 1063:

Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, and the capitalist,

1059:. In 1948, separate governments were formed in Korea: the socialist and 23618: 22428: 22384: 21981: 21944: 21778: 21470: 21178: 20661: 20546: 19924:

Rival Reputations: Coercion and Credibility in US–North Korea Relations

16842:. The United Nations Office in DPR Korea. 19 March 2013. Archived from 14854:"Report: North Korea economy developing dramatically despite sanctions" 14407: 13942:"Survey Report on Political Prisoners' Camps in North Korea (p. 58–73)" 12866:"How far can North Korean missiles travel? Everything you need to know" 11466: 11352: 10968:"North Koreans' reaction to Kim Jong-il's death is impossible to gauge" 8209: 7314: 7127: 6228: 6144: 6136: 6079: 6074: 6050: 5970: 5889:

and television or radio broadcasts in border areas. Western films like

5778: 5759: 5515: 5261: 5196: 5160: 5148: 5133: 4420: 4218:. Cars are relatively rare, but bicycles are common. There is only one 4107: 4065: 3877: 3657: 3647: 3157: 2699: 2406:

in order to emphasize a Korea-centered revolution. Its core tenets are

2210:

Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System

1995: 1850: 1550: 1531: 1459: 1238: 1201: 1068: 969: 953: 278: 272: 20049:

The Cleanest Race: How North Koreans See Themselves and Why It Matters

19999:

Kirby, Michael; Darusman, Marzuki; Biserko, Sonja (17 February 2014).

18275: 18034:"Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System" 17630: 17628: 17626: 16348:"UN Security Council vows new sanctions after N Korea's rocket launch" 15495:"Russia, North Korea Agree to Settle Payments in Rubles in Trade Pact" 11425:"Friedrich Lohr Is Bringing His Years of Diplomacy Into the Classroom" 11394:"North Korea recognises breakaway of Russia's proxies in east Ukraine" 9306:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 8347:

The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia

7735:

The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia

5351:, was reported to stand at 62.3, much lower than that of South Korea. 5047: 3897:

International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea

1914: 1695:. In United States policymaking, North Korea was considered among the 22459: 22300: 21881: 21744: 21690: 21669: 21348: 16050:"North Korea to Become Strong in Science and Technology by Year 2022" 15958:. The Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 2 March 2016. Archived from 14818:. The Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 17 July 2013. Archived from 11900:"Donald Trump meets Kim Jong Un in DMZ; steps onto North Korean soil" 11571:"Kim's visit evidence China, North Korea remain allies, analysts say" 10314:

The Telegraph (online version of United Kingdom's national newspaper)

7945: 6977: 6093: 6088: 6027: 5810: 5773: 5471:, while some 1,800 less valuable artifacts are included in a list of 5234: 5116: 5000: 4723: 4657: 4652: 4634: 4412: 4403: 4357: 4270: 4215: 4127: 4071: 3970: 3907: 3512:. As a result of its nuclear and missile tests, North Korea has been 3458:, 17,900 artillery pieces, 11,000 anti-aircraft guns and some 10,000 3386: 3090: 3055: 3042:

As a result of its isolation, North Korea is sometimes known as the "

3035: 2850: 2735: 2708: 2620: 2363: 2098: 1999: 1849:

during the ceremonies marking the 70th anniversary of the end of the

1751: 1435: 1427: 1076: 985: 937: 197: 18717: 18551: 18473: 17997:

Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System

16922: 16178:"North Korea's 'NADA' Space Agency, Logo Are Anything But 'Nothing'" 15902:. The Institute of Far Eastern Studies. 3 April 2014. Archived from 15523:. The Institute for Far Eastern Studies. 28 May 2014. Archived from 14834: 14092:

North Korean human rights abuses recall Nazis, says UN inquiry chair

13598: 12733: 12731: 11601:"Kim Yong Nam Visits 3 ASEAN Nations To Strengthen Traditional Ties" 11336: 8957:

Donald Trump meets Kim Jong Un in DMZ; steps onto North Korean soil.

8708: 8706: 8193: 7719:

From Stalin to Kim Il Sung – The Formation of North Korea, 1945–1960

7141: 5188:

Russian Orthodox. Critics claim these are showcases for foreigners.

3350:

into a "land of peace without nuclear weapons and nuclear threats".

3133:

is unusual in maintaining a North Korean embassy. German Ambassador

23511: 22620: 21719: 20566: 20509: 20296: 19713:. Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. July 2007. 19528: 19436: 19404: 19372: 19189:"No, Kim Jong Un probably didn't feed his uncle to 120 hungry dogs" 19034: 18667: 18407: 17938: 17623: 17485: 17030:"North Korea Census Reveals Poor Demographic and Health Conditions" 16869: 16600:"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations" 16352: 15774: 15469:"India is North Korea's second biggest trading partner after China" 15166: 14471: 13584:"Report: Torture, starvation rife in North Korea political prisons" 13165: 13133: 13036: 12465: 12368: 12231: 12207: 12175: 11814: 11294: 11220: 10147: 10058: 9922:

Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

9781: 9754: 9724: 9545: 8894: 8718: 7100:"Unification with South Korea no longer possible, says Kim Jong-un" 6861: 6205: 6015: 5669: 5649: 5586: 5438: 5152: 4893: 4741: 4687: 4525: 4430: 4274: 4091: 3674: 3505: 3447: 2983: 2247:

of North Korea. He heads all major governing structures: he is the

2034:, which extends into South Korea, is famous for its scenic beauty. 1376: 1364: 1333:

to distinguish it from South Korea, which is officially called the

1247: 1106: 1000: 900: 819: 454: 18148:

Fairbank, John K.; Reischauer, Edwin O.; Craig, Albert M. (1978).

18129:

KINU White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea 2011, pp. 216, 225

14893: 14891: 14714: 14331:"North Koreans are needed to do the dangerous jobs, says Malaysia" 11957:"How Did the North Korean Defector Cross the Border? Loose Screws" 9172: 8747:"S. Korea to toughen rules of engagement against N. Korean attack" 8283: 8247:

American Policy Toward Communist Eastern Europe: The Choices Ahead

6105:

and introduce new recipes. Some Asian cities host branches of the

5581:

A North Korean bookstore with works of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il

3660:, while criminal offenders are incarcerated in a separate system. 1669:

policies and critiqued Khrushchev as revisionist. During the 1956

1095:, North Korea's first leader, promoted his personal philosophy of 23311: 22933: 22365: 21876: 21832: 21795: 21442: 21311: 21244: 20606: 20192: 19735:

A Capitalist in North Korea: My Seven Years in the Hermit Kingdom

18952: 18038: 16790: 16788: 16786: 16784: 16621: 16607: 15806: 15382: 14072: 13741:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

13713: 13415: 13063:"North Korea 'develops stealth paint to camouflage fighter jets'" 12759:. Center for Strategic & International Studies. p. 156. 12728: 12113: 10581: 10218:

Hallam, Jonny; Magramo, Kathleen; Seo, Yoonjung (20 March 2023).

10123: 9996: 9608:[Major revisions to North Korea's Workers' Party rules]. 8930: 8703: 7839: 7244: 7012: 6061: 6056: 6044: 5955: 5951: 5560: 5552: 5398: 5392: 5156: 4979: 4945: 4911: 4877: 4859: 4843: 4796: 4791: 4707: 4668: 4644: 4529: 4476: 4266: 4199: 4119: 4047:

per capita was $ 1,523, compared to $ 28,430 in South Korea. The

3998: 3509: 3501: 3459: 3431:

and the independent State Affairs Commission, which controls the

3130: 3098: 3051: 2964: 2926: 2888: 2869: 2775: 2763: 2680: 2457: 2090: 2086: 1565: South Korean, U.S., Commonwealth, and United Nations forces 316: 303: 134: 20365: 20340: 18884:"A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment" 18822: 18820: 18768:"Pyongyang goes pop: How North Korea discovered Michael Jackson" 17868:"Democratic People's Republic of Korea: WHO statistical profile" 15580: 15578: 15576: 15574: 13339: 13337: 13216: 13214: 12461:"North Korea's Kim Jong Un abandons unification goal with South" 11692:

Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (30 April 2008).

10464: 10462: 9574:"North Korea rewrites rules to legitimise Kim family succession" 8643:"North Korea Nuclear Test Confirmed by U.S. Intelligence Agency" 3925:

where most of the laborers' earnings are pocketed by Pyongyang.

3884:

may reassume responsible government positions on their release.

1619:

10 million), "a figure close to or surpassing the proportion of

23528: 23435: 23347: 23335: 22709: 22501: 21734: 21358: 20626: 20621: 20594: 20570: 20550: 20390:

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

20255: 20005:

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

19524:"North Korea's Kim Un Guk wins 62kg weightlifting Olympic gold" 18412: 18249: 17091:

Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia

16706: 16704: 16702: 15740:"Cars on Pyongyang streets can tell us a lot about the country" 14888: 14876: 14302: 14054:

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

12803:"How the Nuclear Missile Threat from North Korea Keeps Growing" 11196:"A Single Flag – North And South Korea Join U.N. And The World" 10577:"N.Korea updates constitution expanding Kim Jong Un's position" 10286: 9782:"Why has the Bush administration lost interest in North Korea?" 9421:"Kim Jong Un's North Korea: Life inside the totalitarian state" 6553: 6500: 6244: 6148: 6039: 6010: 5540: 5495: 5484: 5457: 5317: 5112:—the mother of the late supreme leader Kim Il Sung—served as a 5076: 4995: 4961: 4809: 4458: 4318: 4009: 3587: 3373: 3320: 3144:

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un meeting with Russian President

3002: 2945: 2391: 1804: 1591: 1380: 1196: 1020: 1016: 1012: 949: 511: 497: 255: 19775:"The Destruction and Reconstruction of North Korea, 1950–1960" 18942:

Journalists, C. T. (25 April 2017). "North Korean censorship".

18377:"Mansudae Art Studio, North Korea's Colossal Monument Factory" 16781: 13369:"Outside World Turns Blind Eye to N. Korea's Hard-Labor Camps" 10803:. Chosun Ilbo. 13 August 2013. Accessed date: 11 January 2017. 6127:

North Korea (in red) against Brazil at the 2010 FIFA World Cup

4252:

at night, contrasting the development of North and South Korea

2026:, which are located in the north-central part of North Korea. 1578:

on 25 June 1950, and swiftly overran most of the country. The

1498:

in October 1945, and supported Kim Il Sung as chairman of the

1355: 23323: 22923: 22893: 21707: 21695: 21685: 21604: 21552: 21363: 20964: 20727: 20614: 20574: 20542: 20538: 19216: 18817: 17970: 17958: 17579: 17541: 17529: 17517: 17230: 16261:"Japan to launch spy satellite to keep an eye on North Korea" 15846: 15642: 15571: 15359: 15320: 15197: 15185: 14903: 14738: 14726: 14663: 14651: 14639: 14627: 14039:

article by Han Yeong-ik in Korea Joongang Daily 30 April 2012

13853: 13529: 13403: 13391: 13349: 13334: 13211: 12889: 12678: 12666: 12654: 12089: 12077: 11989: 11157: 11155: 10902:

The Aquariums of Pyongyang: Ten Years in a North Korean Gulag

10636: 10525: 10513: 10474: 10459: 10211: 10167: 10111: 9667: 6380: 6290:

where amateur runners from around the world can participate.

6185:

was much more successful, seeing a surprise 1–0 victory over

5833: 5657: 5536: 5406:

trusted with responsibility or given certain opportunities.

4927: 4775: 4757: 4697: 4489:

Development of life expectancy in North Korea and South Korea

4446: 4168: 4123: 3961:

Historical GDP per capita estimates of North Korea, 1820–2018

3668:

traffic control, fire departments and railroad security. The

3330:, mutual ending of diplomatic ties, a North Korean artillery 2907: 2810: 2791: 2685: 2630: 2625: 2385: 2378: 2148: 2046: 1691: 1595: 1338: 1097: 945: 941: 151: 21638: 20377: 20260: 20197: 19062:"North Korea Uses Twitter, YouTube For Propaganda Offensive" 18853:"Pyongyang goes pop: Inside North Korea's first indie disco" 18832: 17505: 17120: 17032:. Population Reference Bureau. December 2010. Archived from 16699: 15209: 14955:

Jangmadang Will Prevent "Second Food Crisis" from Developing

14008:"Images reveal scale of North Korean political prison camps" 12396:"North Korea's Kim says to scrap missile sites, visit Seoul" 12141:"Factbox – North, South Korea pledge peace, prosperity" 10510:, he had been talking along similar lines as early as 1948." 7897:

Wealth, Health, and Democracy in East Asia and Latin America

3514:

sanctioned under United Nations Security Council resolutions

1928:

On 10 January 2021, Kim Jong Un was formally elected as the

1798:, South Korea began to engage with the North as part of its 23469: 22908: 22832: 22774: 19308:"Okryu Restaurant Becomes More Popular for Terrapin Dishes" 17445:

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom

17329:"Open Doors International : WWL: Focus on the Top Ten" 17282:"Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" 17108: 13610: 12834:"North Korea is fully fledged nuclear power, experts agree" 11569:

Shi, Jiangtao; Chan, Minnie; Zheng, Sarah (27 March 2018).

11321:

Haggard, M (1965). "North Korea's International Position".

11169:. The National Committee on North Korea. pp. 1–7, n4. 10816:. New Focus International. 27 December 2013. Archived from 10347:"North Korea's nuclear 'deal' leaves Japan feeling nervous" 9823:"DPRK Constitution Text Released Following 2016 Amendments" 9483:. London: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2014. p. 642. 8564: 8216: 6066: 6035: 5866: 5341: 4454: 4261:

accounts for 70% of primary energy production, followed by

4258: 4095: 3173: 1910: 1830:. The U.S. government accordingly treated North Korea as a 20311: 18737:"Moranbong: Kim Jong-un's favourite band stage a comeback" 18098:"North Korea's Songbun Caste System Faces Power Of Wealth" 16487:"North Korea: On the net in world's most secretive nation" 13799:"North Korea: Freedom of Movement, Opinion and Expression" 11152: 10880: 8418:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. pp. 99–100. 7073:"North Korea Accidentally Reveals It Only Has 28 Websites" 6548:

In spite of the United States' recognition of South Korea

4162:

was reformed as a joint Chinese-North Korean project. The

3429:

Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea

2389:, part of the larger Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism along with 1779:

slowly began taking over various state tasks. Kim Il Sung

18138:. Kinu.or.kr (30 August 2011). Retrieved on 6 April 2013. 16454:"Chinese Cell Phone Breaches North Korean Hermit Kingdom" 14467:"North Korea defends human rights record in report to UN" 14271: 13234:"Report on Implementation of 2009 Budget and 2010 Budget" 11236:

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

10447: 10024:"North Korea election turnout 99.99 percent: State media" 9303: 8277:

Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, 1950–1992

5886: 4321:

space launch vehicle at Sohae Satellite Launching Station

4053:

Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

3939: 3548: 2498:

Ten Fundamental Principles of the Workers' Party of Korea

1921:

took place between Kim Jong Un of North Korea, President

1147:

in the world. Officially, North Korea is an "independent

917: 19893:

Hayes, Peter, and Roger Cavazos. "North Korea in 2014."

19876:

Hayes, Peter, and Roger Cavazos. "North Korea in 2015."

19828:

Red theology : on the Christian Communist tradition

17830: 16655:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

16626:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

16318:"North Korea appears to ape Nasa with space agency logo" 16075:

N. Korea moves to develop cutting-edge nanotech industry

13949:

National Human Rights Commission of Korea, December 2009

11290:"Taiwan and North Korea: Star-Crossed Business Partners" 10385:"North Korea Says It Is Using Plutonium to Make A-Bombs" 10246: 9205: 8054: 7364:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 12, 56. 6362:

58% agnostic, 15% atheist. North Korea is officially an

3594: 20935:

Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections

20336:

Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries

18403:"Senegal President Wade apologises for Christ comments" 18147: 17311: 17309: 17220: 17218: 16084:

Yonhap News – 2 August 2013 (access date: 17 June 2014)

15952:"Progress in North Korea's Renewable Energy Production" 15439:"Cumulative output of Kaesong park reaches US$ 2.3 bln" 15379:"North Korea's crusade for more special economic zones" 15142:

In limited N.Korean market, furor for S.Korean products

14930:"Pyongyang glitters but most of North Korea still dark" 14538:"KCNA Commentary Slams Artifice by Political Swindlers" 8529: 8295: 8125:

The Korean War: Handbook of the Literature and Research

7618:"Administrative Population and Divisions Figures (#26)" 6830:. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. p. 5. 5593:

is the most authoritative among them and publishes all

5524:

Visual arts are generally produced in the aesthetic of

5171:, and less than 0.5% practice another religion such as 5041:

exist within both Koreas. North Koreans refer to their

4408: 4395:

Usage of communication technology is controlled by the

3547:

technologies including anti-personnel blinding lasers,

3473:

The Memorial of Soldiers at the Mansudae Grand Monument

2299:(SPA). Its 687 members are elected every five years by 1490:. Negotiations on reunification failed. Soviet general 20273: 19432:"When Middlesbrough hosted the 1966 World Cup Koreans" 19400:"Fifa investigates North Korea World Cup abuse claims" 18379:. Bloomberg Business Week. 6 June 2013. Archived from 17934:"Aid agencies row over North Korea health care system" 16340: 15221: 14236:"UN uncovers torture, rape and slavery in North Korea" 12133: 10919: 10856: 10497: 9888:"North Korea | Facts, Map, & History | Britannica" 9541:"Kim Jong Il's Ten Principles: Restricting the People" 8771: 8142: 8103: 7655:"Terenti Shtykov: the other ruler of nascent N. Korea" 6717:. University of California, Los Angeles. p. 223. 6577: 6282:

with its capacity of 150,000, hosts the Festival. The

5347:

Healthcare Access and Quality Index, as calculated by

3489:

with a range of up to 11,900 km (7,400 mi).

3319:

Japan and the United States threatened to intercept a

3207:

by the U.S. because of its alleged involvement in the

2424:

was initially promoted as a "creative application" of

1913:. The tensions substantially decreased in 2018, and a 23411: 23304: 19860:

North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula: A Modern History

19556:"North Korea rewards athletes with luxury apartments" 19464:"Rodman returns to North Korea amid political unrest" 19284:

North of the DMZ: Essays on daily life in North Korea

18299: 18297: 18181:. Library of Congress. Call number DS932 .N662 1994. 17419:"Inside North Korea's only Mosque During Eid al-Fitr" 16402: 14789:. United Nations ESCAP. February 2009. Archived from 14431: 14367: 13616: 12277:

Branigan, Tania; MacAskill, Ewen (23 November 2010).

11082:, pp. 7–9. Korea-DPR.com. Retrieved 18 December 2007. 10844: 10832: 10544:

Herskovitz, Jon; Kim, Christine (28 September 2009).

9751:"North Korea: Kim Jong-un hailed 'supreme commander'" 9565: 9038:"North Korea declares itself a nuclear weapons state" 5301:

According to the World Bank report of 2016 (based on

5272:

was made compulsory in upper middle schools in 1978.

5207:

that is officially represented by the WPK-controlled

4368:. After four failed attempts, North Korea became the 3848:, because of the severe restrictions placed on their 3623:

lettering on the side translates to "Traffic safety".

1902:

and a missile capable of reaching the United States.

1208:

in state affairs and the allocation of resources. It

20119: 19998: 19589:"North Korea halts showcase mass games due to flood" 18723: 18557: 18479: 18467: 18232: 17306: 17215: 16729:. Federation of American Scientists. 26 April 2012. 16380:"Country Comparison: Telephones – main lines in use" 15409:"North Korea Plans To Expand Special Economic Zones" 14932:. AP through MSN News. 28 April 2013. Archived from 14840: 14078: 13604: 12594: 12592: 11843:"Read the full text of the Trump-Kim agreement here" 11161: 10546:"North Korea drops communism, boosts "Dear Leaders"" 8552: 7809:

Kim, Samuel S. (2014). "The Evolving Asian System".

7780:"U.S.: N. Korea Boosting Guerrilla War Capabilities" 6745:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 227. 6514: 6451: 6433: 6415: 6397: 6299: 6070:

liquor is the best-known traditional Korean spirit.

5913:

the press in 2017 was 180th out of 180 countries in

5821:. Improved relations with South Korea following the 149: 132: 23272: 20435: 20270:– Administered by the Korean Friendship Association 17637:"Overview of the Burden of Diseases in North Korea" 14116:"Human Rights Groups Call on UN Over N.Korea Gulag" 12909:"New Threat from N. Korea's 'Asymmetrical' Warfare" 12012:. Songun Politics Study Group (USA). Archived from 11254: 10868: 10273: 9297: 9008:"North Korea fires first suspected ICBM since 2017" 8159: 8157: 6942: 6940: 4380:in 2009 and has stated its intentions to undertake 3219:on 20 November 2017 after continued nuclear tests. 2400:was pronounced in December 1955 in a speech called 1673:, Kim Il Sung successfully resisted efforts by the 19368:"The mystery of North Korea's virtuoso waitresses" 18294: 17180: 15546: 15343:. Peterson Institute for International Economics. 12864: 11540:"Understanding the China-North Korea Relationship" 9992:"The weird, weird world of North Korean elections" 9199: 9135:. Library of Congress. 1 June 1993. Archived from 9005: 7585: 7521: 7450: 6639:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKim,_Jinwung2012 ( 5199:combining elements of Korean shamanism, Buddhism, 4110:and equipment shortages. Rice, corn, soybeans and 1722:in 1991, when all Soviet aid was suddenly halted. 20213:– official foreign language newspaper of the DPRK 20103:Koreans in Japan: Critical Voices from the Margin 18663:"North Korea: Bringing modern music to Pyongyang" 18633:"Revolutionary opera 'Sea of Blood' 30 years old" 18371: 18369: 17179:O'Brien, Joanne; Palmer, Martin (December 1993). 17178: 17172: 14623:. United Nations Security Council. February 2012. 14594:KCNA Refutes U.S. Anti-DPRK Human Rights Campaign 14461: 14459: 12589: 12276: 10054:"North Korea elections: What is decided and how?" 9959:"North Korea Uses Election To Reshape Parliament" 9856:"Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership" 8415:The U.S.–South Korean Alliance: Time for a Change 8412:Bandow, Doug; Carpenter, Ted Galen, eds. (1992). 7592:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 7457:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 3880:set aside for that purpose. Those who are deemed 3571:and have allegedly attempted to jam South Korean 1974:North Korea occupies the northern portion of the 1582:(UNC) was subsequently established following the 23674: 22152:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia 20207:– official North Korean foreign ministry website 20191:– the official North Korean governmental portal 19964:Brothers at War – The Unending Conflict in Korea 19755:Building Bridges: Is There Hope for North Korea? 18594: 18592: 18198: 18196: 18194: 18192: 18141: 17641:Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 17141:World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia 16653:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 16481: 16479: 16421: 16419: 16417: 14914:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCountry_Study2007 ( 11780:"Trump declares North Korea 'sponsor of terror'" 11162:Wertz, Daniel; JJ Oh; Kim Insung (August 2015). 11085: 10217: 8582: 8175: 8173: 8154: 7970: 7786:. Associated Press. 23 June 2009. Archived from 7528:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 7490:. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 184–185. 6937: 6796:. Central Intelligence Agency. 6 December 2023. 6083:cold noodles. Other dishes served there include 3677:" (total control zones) for lifetime detention. 3162:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party 2249:general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea 2073:North Korea map of Köppen climate classification 1015:in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the 968:. The country's western border is formed by the 591:Soviet administration north of the 38th parallel 22296:Association of East Asian Research Universities 21342:International adoption of South Korean children 20654:United States Army Military Government in Korea 20642:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 20099:"The North Korean Homeland of Koreans in Japan" 19706: 19583: 19581: 19203: 17989: 17987: 17985: 17389:"Freedom of Ideas and Religious Belief in DPRK" 16293:. The Asia Times. 19 March 2009. Archived from 14897: 14732: 14403:ONLY ON AP NKorea sends workers to Gulf nations 14212:. The Minderoo Foundation. 2016. Archived from 13435:"North Korea: A case to answer – a call to act" 13226: 12696: 9983: 8800:"North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, 69, has died" 8608:Burns, Robert; Gearan, Anne (13 October 2006). 8411: 7710: 7037: 7035: 6608:Korea: Current Issues and Historical Background 6189:and a quarter final loss to Portugal by 3–5. A 4337:was established in 2014 under similar slogans. 3221:The kidnapping of at least 13 Japanese citizens 2193:North Korea functions as a highly centralized, 1297:) in South Korea. In 1948, North Korea adopted 23290:provided by the articles linked in parentheses 19120: 19118: 18366: 18175:"The Rise of Korean Nationalism and Communism" 17634: 17132: 16231:"Crippled NKorean probe could orbit for years" 14686: 14684: 14682: 14680: 14678: 14587: 14564: 14532: 14530: 14456: 13444:. 20 June 2007. pp. 25–26. Archived from 10814:"We have just witnessed a coup in North Korea" 9812:Article 109 of the Constitution of North Korea 9715: 9713: 8525: 8523: 7066: 7064: 5029:North–South differences in the Korean language 2418:was introduced into the constitution in 1972. 1559: North Korean, Chinese, and Soviet forces 1504:rose up against the Allied Military Government 666:120,538 km (46,540 sq mi) ( 23258: 22444: 22248:China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting 21654: 20421: 20321:– a news agency covering North Korean topics. 20066: 19807:Armstrong, Charles K. "North Korea in 2016." 19124: 18838: 18826: 18589: 18337: 18335: 18333: 18189: 18027: 18025: 18003:. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. 17976: 17964: 17585: 17547: 17535: 17523: 17511: 17236: 17126: 16794: 16757:"US Has Put Food Aid for North Korea on Hold" 16710: 16476: 16414: 16197: 16195: 15982:"Activity Seen at North Korean Nuclear Plant" 15852: 15648: 15584: 15365: 15326: 15215: 15203: 15191: 14909: 14882: 14784:"Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index" 14744: 14720: 14669: 14657: 14645: 14633: 14037:"Report on political prisoners in North soon" 13859: 13719: 13535: 13508:The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 13421: 13409: 13397: 13355: 13343: 13220: 13093:"N.Korea Boosting Cyber Warfare Capabilities" 12895: 12737: 12684: 12672: 12660: 12095: 12083: 11995: 10642: 10543: 10531: 10519: 10493:Wikisource:Constitution of North Korea (1972) 10480: 10468: 10173: 10129: 10117: 9956: 9673: 9127: 9125: 9123: 8744: 8634: 8289: 8222: 8170: 8085:United States Army Center of Military History 7850: 7834:(1 million), the Korean War (3 million), the 7646: 7500: 7481: 6917: 6915: 5803:and other composers is performed both by the 4553: 3685:have been described in detailed testimonies. 1500:Provisional People's Committee of North Korea 1163:is the official ideology of North Korea. The 972:, while its eastern border is defined by the 19751: 19699: 19578: 18800:South Korean Popular Culture and North Korea 18523: 18521: 18519: 18172: 17982: 17335:. Open Doors (International). Archived from 17114: 17081: 17053: 17051: 16640: 16543:"North Korea has 'Bright' idea for internet" 15539: 15161:Bermudez, Joseph S. Jr. (14 December 2015). 15013:Kim Jong Eun's Long-lasting Pain in the Neck 14182:. Walk Free Foundation. 2016. Archived from 13001:"N.Korea Developing High-Powered GPS Jammer" 12267:, by Jonathan Thatcher, Reuters, 25 May 2010 11568: 10898: 10453: 9850: 9848: 8978: 8858:"Trump warns North Korea of 'fire and fury'" 8471:The Korean peace process and the four powers 7032: 6631: 6504: 6494: 6463: 6457: 6445: 6439: 6427: 6421: 6409: 6403: 5083:(Hangul) phonetic alphabet, developed under 4342:National Aerospace Technology Administration 4298:National Aerospace Technology Administration 2995: 2976: 2957: 2938: 2919: 2900: 2881: 2862: 2843: 2815: 2796: 2768: 2740: 1875: 1762: 1292: 1282: 852: 126: 68: 53: 21073:South Korea and weapons of mass destruction 20983:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 20839:List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea 19604: 19602: 19115: 18881: 18875: 18601:"North Korean Opera Draws Acclaim in China" 17752:Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 16222: 14675: 14527: 14228: 12356: 11508:Shih, Gerry; Denyer, Simon (17 June 2019). 11448: 11094:"N Korea: Tuning into the 'hermit kingdom'" 9773: 9710: 9688:"DPRK has quietly amended its Constitution" 9538: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9443: 9175:"DPR Korea: State of the Environment, 2003" 8890:"N Korea promises Guam strike plan in days" 8607: 8601: 8520: 8445:"North Korea ends mourning for Kim Il Sung" 7750:"United Nations Security Council – History" 7509:. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. p. 175. 7061: 6817: 6815: 6714:That glorious ancient history of our nation 5531:Most aspects of art have been dominated by 5079:characters. Written language uses only the 4437:, which is maintained and monitored by the 3370:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 2570: 2204:, it is a self-described revolutionary and 1934:8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea 1818:The international environment changed once 23743:States and territories established in 1948 23265: 23251: 22451: 22437: 21661: 21647: 20428: 20414: 19773:Armstrong, Charles K. (20 December 2010). 18921:. Winter 2016, Vol. 37 Issue 2, pp. 46–50. 18687: 18330: 18022: 17321: 16537: 16535: 16192: 15341:"North Korea's Trade and the KOTRA Report" 15272:"Skiing in North Korea: Mounting Problems" 15242:"North Korea welcomes increase in tourism" 14758:"GDP Composition by sectory field listing" 14615: 14613: 14496: 14494: 13870: 13868: 12971:"North Korea's military aging but sizable" 12933: 12532:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 11507: 10373: 10280:Flannery, Nathaniel Parish (25 May 2016). 10143:"Pak Opens Account with Conservative Aire" 9780:Hitchens, Christopher (24 December 2007). 9679: 9571: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9120: 8610:"U.S.: Test Points to N. Korea Nuke Blast" 8268: 8179: 8128:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 60. 8033:Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History 7422:Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History 7390:Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History 7353: 7211:Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History 6912: 6286:is another notable sports event. It is an 6109:where waitresses perform music and dance. 5145:Centre for the Study of World Christianity 4560: 4546: 4059:describes these changes as "astonishing". 3398:largest military institutions in the world 2104: 1943:On December 30, 2023, North Korean leader 1845:Kim Jong Un with Russian Defence Minister 1482:, with the northern half of the peninsula 940:. It constitutes the northern half of the 160: 23718:Korean-speaking countries and territories 22147:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit 19926:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 19772: 19670: 19591:. Reuters. 27 August 2007. Archived from 19274: 19272: 19090: 18796: 18516: 18150:East Asia: Tradition & Transformation 17660: 17363:Office of International Religious Freedom 17048: 16451: 16044: 16042: 15926:"North Korea Adopts Renewable Energy Law" 15894: 15892: 15548:"South Korea has lost the North to China" 15163:North Korea's Exploration for Oil and Gas 15065:"Labor Force by occupation field listing" 14432:John Sifton; Tom Lantos (29 April 2015). 14295: 13906:"Concentrations of Inhumanity (p. 40–44)" 13547: 13122: 13120: 12749: 12522: 12520: 12364:"Koreas make nuclear pledge after summit" 12299: 11871: 11840: 11136:(in Korean). 2 March 2009. Archived from 10693:Hitchens, Christopher (1 February 2010). 9845: 9339: 9321: 9249: 9231: 8436: 8148: 8115: 8014: 6689:. Harvard University Press. p. 128. 6661:. Harvard University Press. p. 129. 6169:, when it lost all three matches against 6077:, located in Pyongyang, is known for its 5452:from 1910 to 1945, when Japan enforced a 4348:until April 2013). Domestically produced 4283: 3450:. It is equipped with 3,700 tanks, 2,100 2448:views North Korea's actual ideology as a 1802:. Kim Jong Il instituted a policy called 1363:, established in the former territory of 22458: 21066:List of political parties in South Korea 20245:) is being considered for deletion. See 19599: 18882:Kretchun, Nat; Kim, Jane (10 May 2012). 18095: 17094:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 147. 16840:"National Nutrition Survey final report" 16228: 16175: 15716:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 15690:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 15664:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 15626:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 15338: 15160: 15119:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 15093:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 15067:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 14760:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 14267:North Korean 'worker brigades' in Russia 13697:. Human Rights Watch. 17 February 2009. 13685: 13683: 13653: 13649: 13647: 13463: 13318:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 13161:"Satellite in Alleged NK Jamming Attack" 12699:, p. 19 – Major Military Equipment. 12632:"Army personnel (per capita) by country" 12561:Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs 12528:"The State of the North Korean Military" 11954: 11750:"U.S. takes North Korea off terror list" 11449:Nanto, Dick K.; Manyin, Mark E. (2011). 11314: 11164:"Issue Brief: DPRK Diplomatic Relations" 10899:Kang Chol-hwan Rigoulot, Pierre (2001). 10794:The Twisted Logic of the N.Korean Regime 10692: 10279: 9779: 9497: 9173:United Nations Environmental Programme. 8919: 8917: 8583:Oberdorfer, Don; Carlin, Robert (2014). 8400:DMZ, a story of the Panmunjom axe murder 7802: 7679: 7583: 7519: 7448: 7045:. CIA The World Factbook. Archived from 7008:"Decree on Redesignating Pyongyang Time" 6812: 6610:. Nova Science Publishers. p. 112. 6249: 6122: 6003: 5849: 5591:Workers' Party of Korea Publishing House 5576: 5433: 5285: 5224: 5100: 4484: 4392:, had successfully been put into orbit. 4313: 4243: 4077: 4051:is the national currency, issued by the 3992: 3964: 3956: 3614: 3468: 3377: 3284: 3255: 3203:North Korea was previously designated a 3139: 3021: 2523: 2473: 2280: 2068: 2002:, and to its east lies Japan across the 1965: 1840: 1701: 1645: 1641: 1549: 1458: 1422:. Most Koreans were peasants engaged in 1379:Kingdom was established by the god-king 1354: 1237: 1143:considers the country to have the worst 717: 698: 20971:State Affairs Commission of North Korea 20819:Administrative divisions of South Korea 20786:Administrative divisions of North Korea 19921: 19494:"Democratic People's Republic of Korea" 19008:. Nova Science Publishers. p. 22. 18803:. London: Routledge. pp. 155–156. 18344:"A window into North Korea's art world" 18246:"Democratic People's Republic of Korea" 18031: 17993: 17087: 17024: 17022: 17020: 16965:"Field Listing: Population Growth Rate" 16754: 16614: 16532: 16511: 15843:ArchDaily. Retrieved 15 September 2020. 14993: 14991: 14989: 14610: 14491: 13865: 13732: 13730: 13728: 13127:Kwek, Dave Lee and Nick (29 May 2015). 12831: 12555: 12553: 11922: 11872:Rosenfeld, Everett (28 February 2019). 11422: 11320: 11287: 11016: 10965: 10307: 9356: 9272: 8855: 8792: 8432:from the original on 13 September 2016. 8313: 8243: 8072: 8026: 7932: 7892: 7856: 7725: 7685: 7416: 7384: 7205: 7097: 7070: 5836:which spreads through illegal markets. 5477:Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong 4397:Ministry of Post and Telecommunications 3619:A North Korean police car in 2017; the 3407:The KPA is divided into five branches: 3308:June 15th North–South Joint Declaration 3260:Kim Jong Un and South Korean President 3213:1987 bombing of a South Korean airliner 2577:Administrative divisions of North Korea 2288:, seat of the Supreme People's Assembly 2136:General Secretary of the Workers' Party 14: 23675: 22167:East Asian Bureau of Economic Research 20703: 20159: 20023: 19862:(Second ed.). London: Zed Books. 19857: 19278: 19269: 19251:Korean Culture and Information Service 19186: 19155: 19003: 18938: 18936: 18598: 18303: 18058: 18010:from the original on 21 September 2013 17742: 17740: 16580:from the original on 21 September 2016 16571: 16452:MacKinnon, Rebecca (17 January 2005). 16408: 16315: 16291:"High five: Messages from North Korea" 16039: 16012: 15889: 15750:from the original on 22 September 2019 15513: 15308:from the original on 25 September 2023 15227: 15173:from the original on 26 September 2022 14500: 14138: 13793: 13791: 13668:from the original on 29 September 2007 13594:from the original on 28 December 2014. 13493: 13379:from the original on 19 September 2010 13117: 13073:from the original on 16 September 2014 13013:from the original on 24 September 2012 12517: 12420: 12402:from the original on 19 September 2018 12312:from the original on 25 September 2013 12289:from the original on 27 December 2016. 12101: 11091: 11035:from the original on 22 September 2013 10925: 10862: 10654: 10574: 10503: 10420:"A portrait of North Korea's new rich" 10379: 10083: 10081: 9989: 9685: 9369:"North Korea Country Studies. 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North Korea is also a member of the 2180:Chairman of the SPA Standing Committee 2039:United Nations Environmental Programme 1742:in 1983; tunnels were found under the 1621:Soviet citizens killed in World War II 23365:Democratic People's Republic of Korea 23246: 22432: 21642: 21387: 21300: 21265:Science and technology in South Korea 21115: 21056:Presidential elections in South Korea 20859: 20834:List of special cities of South Korea 20702: 20463: 20409: 20140:from the original on 20 February 2023 20105:. 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WW Norton & Company. pp. 7976: 7172: 6948:"GDP (PPP) per capita Field listing" 6923:"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)" 6131:Most schools have daily practice in 5627:The Fate of a Self-Defense Corps Man 5140:in the world occurs in North Korea. 4346:Korean Committee of Space Technology 4290:Korean Committee of Space Technology 3889:United Nations Commission of Inquiry 3279:Democratic Federal Republic of Korea 3011: 2093:winds that carry moist air from the 1863:sinking of the South Korean warship 1677:and China to depose him in favor of 1474:at the end of World War II in 1945, 1067:Republic of Korea in the south. The 1023:dynasty (1392–1897). The succeeding 995:was first inhabited as early as the 23723:Member states of the United Nations 23541:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 20217: 20075:Library of Congress Country Studies 19752:Alton, David; Chidley, Rob (2013). 19732: 19640:Ryall, Julian (26 September 2013). 19412:from the original on 29 August 2014 19137:from the original on 8 October 2014 19091:Calderone, Michael (14 July 2014). 19042:from the original on 20 August 2014 18979:"Freedom of the Press: North Korea" 18955:. Reporters Without Borders. 2017. 18933: 18747:from the original on 26 August 2014 18533:Library of Congress Country Studies 18419:from the original on 29 August 2017 18304:Lankov, Andrei (13 February 2011). 18208:Library of Congress Country Studies 18185:from the original on 10 April 2007. 17737: 17399:from the original on 6 January 2022 17063:Library of Congress Country Studies 16464:from the original on 9 October 2009 16229:Talmadge, Eric (18 December 2012). 15864: 15475:from the original on 18 August 2017 15449:from the original on 12 August 2014 15240:Paris, Natalie (20 February 2013). 14997: 13788: 13173:from the original on 6 October 2014 13129:"North Korean hackers 'could kill'" 13043:from the original on 30 August 2014 12577:from the original on 18 August 2020 12007: 11955:Sang-Hun, Choe (27 November 2020). 11841:Rosenfeld, Everett (12 June 2018). 11673:from the original on 11 August 2023 11643:from the original on 11 August 2023 11489:from the original on 19 August 2019 11204:. 17 September 1991. Archived from 10905:. New York: BasicBooks. p. 2. 10601: 10556:from the original on 16 August 2011 10308:Spencer, Richard (28 August 2007). 10155:from the original on 6 October 2014 10099:from the original on 5 October 2022 10078: 10066:from the original on 4 October 2020 9761:from the original on 7 January 2014 9655:from the original on 28 August 2022 8714:"Anger at North Korea over sinking" 8673: 8622:from the original on 5 October 2016 8570: 8109: 8080:American Military History, Volume 2 8066: 7808: 7555:"North Korea's missionary position" 7328:"갈석산 동쪽 요서도 고조선 땅" vs "고고학 증거와 불일치" 7321:from the original on 13 April 2017. 7154:from the original on 6 October 2014 7134: 7098:McCurry, Justin (16 January 2024). 6837:from the original on 26 August 2020 6800:from the original on 12 August 2015 6738: 6024:agricultural and nomadic traditions 4445:, an operating system derived from 4325:Under its "constructing a powerful 4226:—serviced by Russia and China (see 2470:Supreme Leader (North Korean title) 1383:. Following the unification of the 1057:south occupied by the United States 24: 23688:1948 establishments in North Korea 21212:Economic inequality in South Korea 21207:Automotive industry in South Korea 21136:Automotive industry in North Korea 19683:from the original on 1 August 2014 19199:from the original on 26 July 2014. 19125:O'Carroll, Chad (6 January 2014). 19103:from the original on 16 April 2012 18959:from the original on 26 April 2017 18204:"Contemporary Cultural Expression" 18096:Sullivan, Tim (29 December 2012). 18064: 18046:from the original on 18 March 2013 17884:from the original on 2 August 2020 17294:from the original on 17 March 2023 15832:Schielke, Thomas (17 April 2018). 15415:. 16 November 2013. 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See 5696: 5354:According to a 2003 report by the 4362:Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground 4198:connecting Kaesong, Pyongyang and 1756:July 4 South–North Joint Statement 1053:north occupied by the Soviet Union 25: 23764: 23607:Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic 21250:Financial services in South Korea 21222:Telecommunications in South Korea 21146:Telecommunications in North Korea 20306:University of Colorado at Boulder 20249:to help reach a consensus. › 20154: 19652:from the original on 12 June 2014 19380:from the original on 25 July 2014 18863:from the original on 20 July 2014 18778:from the original on 25 July 2014 18613:from the original on 26 July 2014 18577:from the original on 13 June 2014 18504:from the original on 25 June 2020 18318:from the original on 26 July 2014 17914:from the original on 12 July 2020 17818:from the original on 29 July 2020 17788:from the original on 15 July 2020 17758:from the original on 13 July 2020 17725:from the original on 11 July 2020 17695:from the original on 14 July 2020 17493:from the original on 7 March 2008 16876:from the original on 10 July 2014 16808:"Asia-Pacific : North Korea" 16736:from the original on 28 June 2014 16622:"World Population Prospects 2022" 16553:from the original on 18 July 2014 16512:Lintner, Bertil (24 April 2007). 16427:"North Korea embraces 3G service" 16267:. 23 January 2013. 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Archived from 12612:from the original on 28 July 2011 12570:United States Department of State 12300:MacAskill, Ewen (29 March 2013). 12239:from the original on 9 March 2009 12183:from the original on 6 March 2009 12171:"North Korea tears up agreements" 11853:from the original on 13 June 2018 11810:"N Korea to face Japan sanctions" 11581:from the original on 25 July 2019 11520:from the original on 25 July 2019 11404:from the original on 13 July 2022 11302:from the original on 30 June 2019 11176:from the original on 4 March 2016 10729:"The Constitution of Kim Jong Il" 10607: 10230:from the original on 10 June 2023 10004:from the original on 21 July 2015 9453:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2018. 9401:from the original on 8 March 2021 8837:from the original on 20 June 2017 8587:. Basic Books. pp. 357–359. 8533:Population and Development Review 8504:"North Korea's Military Strategy" 8073:Stewart, Richard W., ed. (2005). 7588:Korea's Twentieth-Century Odyssey 7524:Korea's Twentieth-Century Odyssey 7453:Korea's Twentieth-Century Odyssey 7310:요서 vs 평양… 한무제가 세운 낙랑군 위치 놓고 열띤 토론 6516:Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk 6505: 6495: 6464: 6458: 6446: 6440: 6428: 6422: 6410: 6404: 5469:National Treasures of North Korea 5374:"no lack of doctors and nurses". 5356:United States Department of State 4524:mostly living in two-room units. 4366:Sohae Satellite Launching Station 4294:Telecommunications in North Korea 4178: 4063:population relies on small-scale 3248:North Korea–South Korea relations 2022:in the extreme northeast and the 1890:On 17 December 2011, Kim Jong Il 1790:, negotiated with U.S. president 1546:North Korea–South Korea relations 1311:Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk 1191:—are subsidized or state-funded. 988:is the capital and largest city. 70:Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk 23558:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 22331:Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute 21743: 21332:Gender inequality in South Korea 21301: 21009:Foreign relations of South Korea 20883:Foreign relations of North Korea 20120:Yonhap News Agency, ed. (2003). 20028:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. 19664: 19633: 19548: 19516: 19504:from the original on 2 July 2014 19486: 19456: 19444:from the original on 18 May 2014 19424: 19392: 19360: 19344:. 31 August 1998. Archived from 19330: 19300: 19257:from the original on 3 July 2014 19239: 19180: 19149: 19084: 19068:. 17 August 2010. Archived from 19054: 19030:"Meagre media for North Koreans" 19022: 18997: 18985:from the original on 7 July 2014 18971: 18945: 18924: 18912: 18851:Hoban, Alex (22 February 2011). 18844: 18790: 18759: 18729: 18675:from the original on 9 July 2014 18655: 18625: 18563: 18494:"North Korea lauds Harry Potter" 18485: 18439:"Heroes' monument losing battle" 18431: 18395: 18282:from the original on 11 May 2023 18268: 18256:from the original on 1 July 2014 18238: 18166: 18122: 18089: 18073:from the original on 12 May 2018 18067:"A Look at North Korean Society" 18032:McGrath, Matthew (7 June 2012). 17926: 17896: 17860: 17800: 17770: 17707: 17677: 17591: 17561:"Educational themes and methods" 17553: 17473: 17437: 17425:from the original on 18 May 2021 17411: 17381: 17369:from the original on 6 June 2023 17351: 17274: 17242: 16995:"Country Comparison: Birth Rate" 16987: 16957: 16914: 16902:from the original on 14 May 2014 16888: 16858: 16832: 16800: 16748: 16716: 16669: 16592: 16565: 16505: 16493:from the original on 8 July 2014 16445: 16433:from the original on 28 May 2014 16372: 16328:from the original on 4 July 2014 16309: 16283: 16253: 16169: 16143: 16117: 16087: 16068: 16006: 15974: 15944: 15918: 15858: 15826: 15794: 15782:from the original on 6 July 2014 15762: 15732: 15706: 15680: 15654: 15616: 15501:from the original on 3 June 2014 15487: 15471:. Moneycontrol. 16 August 2017. 15461: 15431: 15401: 15389:from the original on 6 July 2014 15371: 15339:Boydston, Kent (1 August 2017). 15332: 15294: 15282:from the original on 9 June 2014 15264: 15233: 15154: 15135: 15117:"Major Industries field listing" 15109: 15083: 15057: 15025: 15006: 14974:2008 Top Items in the Jangmadang 14967: 14948: 14922: 14846: 14808: 14750: 14702:from the original on 6 July 2014 14515:from the original on 2 July 2015 14425: 14394: 14361: 14329:Hodal, Kate (24 November 2014). 14322: 14289: 14258: 14198: 14168: 14108: 14084: 14042: 14030: 14000: 13934: 13898: 13841:from the original on 7 June 2020 13823: 13736: 13576: 13557:. pp. 35–38. 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Archived from 12065:Koreans disagree on aid by North 12058: 12028: 12008:Kim, Il Sung (10 October 1980). 12001: 11948: 11892: 11865: 11834: 11802: 11772: 11742: 11730:from the original on 24 May 2010 11712: 11685: 11655: 11623: 11593: 11562: 11550:from the original on 21 May 2020 11532: 11501: 11442: 11416: 11386: 11367: 11281: 11188: 11118: 11053:LaBouyer, Jason (May/June 2005) 11047: 10990: 10959: 10931: 10892: 10806: 10787: 10757: 10717: 10686: 10648: 10624:from the original on 2 June 2021 10568: 10537: 10486: 10412: 10335: 10301: 10179: 10135: 10046: 10016: 9950: 9910: 9880: 9815: 9806: 9794:from the original on 20 May 2010 9743: 9731:from the original on 18 May 2014 9630: 9618:from the original on 2 June 2021 9598: 9532: 9481:Britannica Book of the Year 2014 9469: 8979:Hyonhee Shin (11 January 2021). 8856:Bierman, Noah (31 August 2017). 8833:. Council on Foreign Relations. 8726:from the original on 23 May 2010 8546:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x 8451:from the original on 19 May 2015 8371:Demick, Barbara (16 July 2010). 7760:from the original on 12 May 2021 7732:Lankov, Andrei (10 April 2013). 7553:Lankov, Andrei (16 March 2005). 7043:"Telephone System Field Listing" 6869:from the original on 7 June 2022 6542: 6316: 6302: 5939:, are published in the capital. 5871:An Jung-geun shoots Itō Hirobumi 5736: 5732:"Let us Dash towards the Future" 5712: 5443:National Treasure of North Korea 5075:along with the usage of Chinese 5037:with South Korea, although some 4691: 4681: 4638: 4628: 4148:COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea 3805: 3789: 3773: 3758: 3757: 3742: 3741: 3726: 3725: 3718: 3325:sinking of South Korean warship 3018:Foreign relations of North Korea 2614: 2167: 2147: 2123: 2055:Changbai Mountains mixed forests 2051:Central Korean deciduous forests 2043:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1794:and signed in 1994. Building on 1476:the Korean Peninsula was divided 716: 697: 552:Independence from Japan declared 105: 91: 23748:States with limited recognition 23274:States with limited recognition 21255:Fishing industry in South Korea 21078:National Assembly (South Korea) 20436:Index of Korea-related articles 20068:"North Korea – A Country Study" 19609:Watts, Jonathan (17 May 2002). 19498:International Olympic Committee 19156:Taylor, Adam (29 August 2013). 18766:Hoban, Alex (1 February 2011). 18599:Melvin, Sheila (28 July 2010). 17994:Collins, Robert (6 June 2012). 16013:Lankov, Andrei (1 April 2007). 15662:"Merchant marine field listing" 15151:, The Hankyoreh, 6 January 2011 14548:. 22 April 2014. Archived from 14298:"Dutch shipbuilder in the dock" 13033:"North Korea's Human Torpedoes" 12863:Ryall, Julian (9 August 2017). 12712:. soldiering.ru. Archived from 12344:from the original on 2 May 2017 12258:Text from North Korea statement 12109:"North-South Joint Declaration" 11423:Joubert, Shayna (3 July 2017). 11288:Kennedy, Pamela (14 May 2019). 11092:Lankov, Andrei (10 June 2015). 10199:from the original on 8 May 2014 9990:Hotham, Oliver (3 March 2014). 9637:Na, Hye-yoon (6 January 2021). 9539:Namgung Min (13 October 2008). 9266: 9151: 9090: 9056: 9030: 9018:from the original on 7 May 2022 8999: 8972: 8950: 8924:Ji, Dagyum (12 February 2018). 8882: 8849: 8765: 8738: 8667: 8641:Bliss, Jeff (16 October 2006). 8576: 8497: 8490:DeRouen, Karl; Heo, Uk (2005). 8484: 8463: 8405: 8392: 8364: 8307: 8237: 8228: 8087:. CMH Pub 30-22. Archived from 8020: 8008: 7926: 7886: 7811:International Relations of Asia 7772: 7742: 7610: 7577: 7546: 7513: 7494: 7475: 7442: 7410: 7378: 7282: 7264: 7231: 7199: 7166: 7110: 7091: 7020:from the original on 5 May 2018 7000: 6578:United States Congress (2016). 6569: 6533: 6524: 6471: 6390: 5813:appeared in the 1980s with the 5769:Five Great Revolutionary Operas 4464: 4224:Pyongyang International Airport 3790: 3774: 3695: 3196:and has voiced support for the 2200:dictatorship. According to its 2184:First Vice President of the SAC 1828:2002 State of the Union Address 1720:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1204:" policy which prioritizes the 1167:are owned by the state through 731:212/km (549.1/sq mi) ( 396:SPA Standing Committee Chairman 32:Republic of Korea (South Korea) 22957:Azerbaijan People's Government 22278:EAFF E-1 Football Championship 22253:East Asian Football Federation 21041:Republic of Korea Armed Forces 19708:"Country Profile: North Korea" 19532:. 30 July 2012. Archived from 19187:Fisher, Max (3 January 2014). 18907:own country was also analyzed. 18342:Rank, Michael (16 June 2012). 17481:"N Korea stages Mass for Pope" 16677:"Field Listing: Ethnic Groups" 16316:Walker, Peter (1 April 2014). 15497:. RIA Novosti. 28 March 2014. 15022:, TheDailyNK, 30 November 2010 14696:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 14501:Taylor, Adam (22 April 2014). 14368:Tycho A. van der Hoog (2018). 14296:Jo Harper (14 February 2019). 13442:Christian Solidarity Worldwide 13240:. 9 April 2010. Archived from 12750:Cordesman, Anthony H. (2011). 12565:"Background Note: North Korea" 12421:Delury, John (16 March 2024). 12117:. 15 June 2000. Archived from 11373:Seung-Ho Joo, Tae-Hwan Kwak - 10611:[표] 북한 노동당 규약 주요 개정 내용 10188:국가법령정보센터 | 법령 > 본문 – 대한민국헌법 9957:Choe Sang-Hun (9 March 2014). 9721:"North Korea profile: Leaders" 9572:Audrey Yoo (16 October 2013). 9040:. BBC News. 9 September 2022. 6970: 6881: 6849: 6782: 6369: 6356: 5933:and 20 periodicals, including 5771:" based on traditional Korean 5127:. Its constitution guarantees 4354:Kwangmyŏngsŏng satellite class 4155:Special Administrative Regions 3601:Law enforcement in North Korea 3241: 3194:close relationship with Russia 3028:China-North Korea relationship 2996: 2977: 2958: 2939: 2920: 2901: 2882: 2863: 2844: 2816: 2797: 2769: 2741: 2565:public holidays in the country 2253:president of the State Affairs 2226:Korean Social Democratic Party 2140:President of the State Affairs 1970:Topographic map of North Korea 1836:its first nuclear weapons test 1781:died of a heart attack in 1994 1689:and promoting the ideology of 1636:military presence in the South 1508:uprising of the Jeju islanders 13: 1: 23398:UN specialized agency members 22326:Journal of East Asian Studies 22263:East Asian Judo Championships 22110:East Asia Climate Partnership 21668: 21337:Low birth rate in South Korea 21093:Constitutional Court of Korea 21029:Prime Minister of South Korea 20903:Heads of state of North Korea 20898:Supreme Leader of North Korea 20829:List of cities in South Korea 20796:Special cities of North Korea 20791:List of cities in North Korea 20534:Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea 20234: 19314:. 26 May 2010. Archived from 19286:. McFarland. pp. 90–91. 18701:. 29 May 2013. Archived from 18573:. SinoNK. 25 September 2013. 18529:"Literature, Music, and Film" 18492:Park, Han-na (24 June 2020). 18445:. 5 June 2005. Archived from 17250:"Human Rights in North Korea" 16514:"North Korea's IT revolution" 15865:Wee, Heesun (11 April 2019). 15770:"70% of Households Use Bikes" 14983:, The DailyNK, 1 January 2009 14105:. Retrieved 17 February 2014. 13691:"Human Rights in North Korea" 11451:"China-North Korea Relations" 9510:"DPRK Socialist Constitution" 9395:"North Korea country profile" 8252:University of Minnesota Press 7845:in Cambodia (1 to 2 million). 7181:. London: Routledge. p. 6857:"North Korea country profile" 6770: 6686:Constructing "Korean" Origins 6658:Constructing "Korean" Origins 5966:Media coverage of North Korea 5566: 5123:North Korea is officially an 4514:George W. Bush administration 4481:List of cities in North Korea 3806: 3650:is based on the principle of 3580:the domestic defense industry 3402:largest active military force 3190:assassination of Kim Jong-nam 3188:were strained in 2017 by the 3154:close relationship with China 2587:Special cities of North Korea 2463: 2305:elections in the Soviet Union 2083:Köppen climate classification 1870:shelling of Yeonpyeong Island 1746:and tensions flared over the 1616: 1525: 1157:elections in the Soviet Union 1115:North Korea suffered a famine 22349:Horses in East Asian warfare 21892:other ethnic groups in China 21509:Korean pottery and porcelain 21418:Globalization in South Korea 20860: 18919:Harvard International Review 18889:. InterMedia. Archived from 18179:A Country Study: North Korea 17365:. U.S. Department of State. 16755:Solomon, Jay (20 May 2005). 16516:. Asia Times. Archived from 16208:. Springer. pp. 70–72. 15033:"NK is no Stalinist country" 13316:"Legal System field listing" 11544:Council on Foreign Relations 9827:North Korea Leadership Watch 9180:. p. 12. Archived from 8772:Korean Central News Agency. 8443:Chinoy, Mike (8 July 1997). 8402:. Hollym International Corp. 8320:. The New Press. p. 9. 8317:North Korea: Another Country 8244:Campbell, John Coert (196). 7584:Robinson, Michael E (2007). 7520:Robinson, Michael E (2007). 7449:Robinson, Michael E (2007). 6775: 6581:North Korea: A Country Study 6280:largest stadium in the world 5865:Government policies towards 5815:Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble 5549:African Renaissance Monument 5292:Pyongyang Maternity Hospital 5214: 5147:, 73% of the population are 4453:visually similar to that of 2348:Central Bureau of Statistics 1951: 1886:2018–19 Korean peace process 1882:2017–2018 North Korea crisis 1853:, in Pyongyang, 27 July 2023 1484:occupied by the Soviet Union 1466:, the founder of North Korea 1227: 7: 22997:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad 21322:Demographics of South Korea 21317:Demographics of North Korea 21280:1997 Asian financial crisis 21275:Trade unions in South Korea 21189:Rason Special Economic Zone 21116: 21036:Human rights in South Korea 21004:Constitution of South Korea 20915:Human rights in North Korea 20878:Constitution of North Korea 20658:Soviet Civil Administration 20024:Martin, Bradley K. (2004). 19004:Pervis, Larinda B. (2007). 17653:10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.3.111 17258:. July 2004. Archived from 17183:The State of Religion Atlas 15091:"Labor Force field listing" 12753:The Korean Military Balance 10668:Far Eastern Economic Review 10267:10.17477/JCEA.2020.19.2.216 8473:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 8075:"The Korean War, 1950–1953" 6899:Central Intelligence Agency 6515: 6452: 6434: 6416: 6398: 6396:North Koreans use the name 6334:Bibliography of North Korea 6293: 6276:Rungrado 1st of May Stadium 6265:has been recognized by the 5819:Wangjaesan Light Music Band 5625:literature". These include 5307:lower respiratory infection 5090: 5012: 4933:Rason Special Economic Zone 4528:is virtually universal and 4471:Demographics of North Korea 4307:, single carbon materials, 4160:Rason Special Economic Zone 3891:has accused North Korea of 3702:Human rights in North Korea 3665:Ministry of Social Security 3357: 3332:attack on Yeonpyeong Island 3198:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2528:Kim Jong Un and his sister 2330:, which has been headed by 2276:Ministry of Social Security 1905:Throughout 2017, following 1709:with bomb shelter functions 1538:Aftermath of the Korean War 1496:Soviet Civil Administration 1448: 1019:dynasty (918–1392) and the 150: 133: 69: 10: 23769: 23324:People's Republic of China 22403:Needham Research Institute 22311:East Asia Image Collection 22306:East Asian Economic Review 21741: 21499:Traditional music of Korea 21169:Agriculture in North Korea 21014:Relations with North Korea 20976:President of State Affairs 20888:Relations with South Korea 20824:Environment of South Korea 20743:List of mountains in Korea 20678:COVID-19 pandemic in North 20494:Timeline of Korean history 20177:Korean Central News Agency 19342:Korean Central News Agency 19312:Korean Central News Agency 19212:Korean Cuisine (한국요리 韓國料理) 18276:"Complex of Koguryo Tombs" 17393:Paektu Solidarity Alliance 17088:Minahan, James B. (2014). 14964:, DailyNK, 26 October 2007 14546:Korean Central News Agency 14150:www.globalslaveryindex.org 13551:Cell Phones in North Korea 13238:Korean Central News Agency 9397:. BBC News. 9 April 2018. 9279:The Korean History Project 9233:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 7903:Cambridge University Press 7426:W. W. Norton & Company 7394:W. W. Norton & Company 7215:W. W. Norton & Company 7177:The Making of Modern Korea 6711:Xu, Stella Yingzi (2007). 6116: 6107:Pyongyang restaurant chain 5993: 5989: 5927:Korean Central News Agency 5843: 5687: 5570: 5545:Mansudae Overseas Projects 5513: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5390: 5386: 5279: 5231:Grand People's Study House 5218: 5185:Paektu Solidarity Alliance 5094: 5026: 5016: 4680: 4627: 4538: 4474: 4468: 4287: 4237: 4182: 3950: 3946: 3836:contemporary world", with 3712:LGBT rights in North Korea 3705: 3699: 3670:Ministry of State Security 3604: 3598: 3456:infantry fighting vehicles 3452:armored personnel carriers 3367: 3361: 3245: 3205:state sponsor of terrorism 3015: 2612: 2580: 2574: 2467: 2376: 2295:is held by the unicameral 2272:Ministry of State Security 2108: 2077:North Korea experiences a 2064: 1978:, lying between latitudes 1955: 1879: 1596:People's Republic of China 1535: 1529: 1452: 1348: 1344: 1231: 1153:holds democratic elections 1073:Korean Armistice Agreement 578:People's Republic of Korea 178:claimed but not controlled 170: Territory controlled 36:People's Republic of Korea 29: 23728:Northeast Asian countries 23595: 23575:Republic of South Ossetia 23500: 23489: 23396: 23295: 23284:international recognition 23280: 23231: 23092: 23024: 22949: 22856: 22825: 22739: 22728: 22657: 22636: 22467: 22393: 22339: 22286: 22238: 22200: 22182:Human rights in East Asia 22133: 22100: 22067:Sino-Xenic pronunciations 21912: 21752: 21676: 21567: 21559:Propaganda in North Korea 21517: 21469: 21400: 21396: 21383: 21307: 21296: 21197: 21126: 21122: 21111: 21019:Government of South Korea 20996: 20988:Supreme People's Assembly 20893:Government of North Korea 20870: 20866: 20855: 20809: 20776: 20715: 20711: 20698: 20637:Korea under Japanese rule 20586:North–South States Period 20502: 20489:List of monarchs of Korea 20484:Military history of Korea 20476: 20472: 20459: 20441: 20101:. In Ryang, Sonia (ed.). 19966:. London: Profile Books. 19700:General and cited sources 18724:North Korea Handbook 2003 18558:North Korea Handbook 2003 18480:North Korea Handbook 2003 18468:North Korea Handbook 2003 18233:North Korea Handbook 2003 17875:World Health Organization 17838:"Life Inside North Korea" 16489:. BBC. 10 December 2012. 15802:"North Korea's bike path" 14979:23 September 2015 at the 14841:North Korea Handbook 2003 14210:Global Slavery Index 2016 13622:"Our Issues, North Korea" 12945:securitycouncilreport.org 11375:Korea in the 21st Century 11000:. BBC. 16 February 2002. 9644:... 당 대회 참석수로 '650만 명' 추정 9133:"Topography and Drainage" 8398:Kirkbride, Wayne (1984). 8122:Brune, Lester H. (1996). 7862:The Korean War: A History 7692:History and the Headlines 7686:Dowling, Timothy (2011). 7428:. pp. 174–175, 407. 6606:Connor, Edgar V. (2003). 6112: 5944:Korean Central Television 5915:Reporters Without Borders 5910:censorship in North Korea 5901:, and the aforementioned 5666:anthropocentric existence 5336:consumption amongst men. 5275: 5138:persecution of Christians 4399:. An adequate nationwide 4344:(formerly managed by the 4233: 4164:Kaesong Industrial Region 3902:With 1,100,000 people in 3882:politically rehabilitated 3464:anti-tank guided missiles 3274:Korean Demilitarized Zone 2828: 2781: 2753: 2725: 2613: 2538:No Motherland Without You 2450:Korean ethnic nationalism 2408:economic self-sufficiency 2350:and the president of the 2297:Supreme People's Assembly 2111:Government of North Korea 2079:humid continental climate 1876:Leadership of Kim Jong Un 1763:Leadership of Kim Jong Il 1542:Korean Demilitarized Zone 1478:into two zones along the 1306: 1293: 1283: 1210:possesses nuclear weapons 1161:Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism 966:Korean Demilitarized Zone 911: 899: 887: 877: 853: 844: 826: 811: 801: 791: 777: 767: 757: 739: 725: 710: 691: 684: 674: 660: 653: 649: 636: 626: 613: 600: 587: 574: 561: 548: 535: 522: 508: 494: 485:Balhae and Silla Kingdoms 481: 468: 451: 447: 440: 435:Supreme People's Assembly 430: 426: 411: 392: 373: 354: 350: 325: 302: 261: 249: 234: 190: 159: 144: 127: 121: 87: 54: 45: 23708:Former Japanese colonies 21620:Sexuality in South Korea 21577:Education in South Korea 21527:Education in North Korea 21461:Tattooing in South Korea 21270:Squatting in South Korea 21260:Miracle on the Han River 21232:Transport in South Korea 21156:Transport in North Korea 21083:Judiciary of South Korea 21051:Elections in South Korea 21024:President of South Korea 20930:Elections in North Korea 20811:Geography of South Korea 20778:Geography of North Korea 20733:List of islands of Korea 20555:Four Commanderies of Han 20395:17 February 2014 at the 20279:15 November 2011 at the 20247:templates for discussion 19952:23 December 2017 at the 19782:The Asia-Pacific Journal 19211: 17842:U.S. Department of State 17333:Open Doors International 17115:Alton & Chidley 2013 15839:13 November 2023 at the 15714:"Helipads field listing" 15688:"Airports field listing" 15624:"Roadways field listing" 14960:22 December 2010 at the 14180:The Global Slavery Index 14097:18 February 2014 at the 13753:U.S. Department of State 13656:"Grotesque indifference" 13654:Kay Seok (15 May 2007). 12040:U.S. Department of State 11575:South China Morning Post 11127:北 수교국 상주공관, 평양보다 베이징에 많아 11126: 10610: 10454:Alton & Chidley 2013 10353:. London. Archived from 10316:. London. Archived from 10282:"Most Corrupt Countries" 10187: 9639: 9579:South China Morning Post 9160:History and Reality V.64 8962:15 February 2021 at the 8679:"The Pyongyang Playbook" 8573:, pp. 55, 109, 119. 8509:24 February 2013 at the 7815:Rowman & Littlefield 7292:매국사학의 몸통들아, 공개토론장으로 나와라! 7142: 6683:Hyung, Hyung Il (2000). 6655:Hyung, Hyung Il (2000). 6349: 6339:China–North Korea border 6048:) and main courses like 5839: 5823:2000 inter-Korean summit 5807:and student orchestras. 5805:State Symphony Orchestra 5683: 5504:World Heritage Committee 5481:Complex of Koguryo Tombs 5221:Education in North Korea 4370:tenth spacefaring nation 4185:Transport in North Korea 3611:Judiciary of North Korea 3421:Special Operations Force 3304:2000 inter-Korean summit 2726:Directly-governed city ( 2583:Provinces of North Korea 2571:Administrative divisions 2264:State Affairs Commission 2059:Manchurian mixed forests 1958:Geography of North Korea 1892:died from a heart attack 1361:Four Commanderies of Han 1329:, it is commonly called 1264:Dutch East India Company 1175:. Most services—such as 1111:fall of the Soviet Union 978:its southern counterpart 628:• DPRK established 400:SAC First Vice President 23007:North Korea (1947–1948) 23002:North Korea (1946–1947) 22268:East Asian martial arts 22215:Archaeological cultures 21610:Marriage in South Korea 21582:Religion in South Korea 21532:Religion in North Korea 21046:Politics of South Korea 20942:Workers' Party of Korea 20925:Politics of North Korea 20748:List of rivers of Korea 20562:Three Kingdoms of Korea 20317:20 October 2017 at the 20266:26 October 2008 at the 20229:Encyclopædia Britannica 19938:, covers 1960s to 2010. 16762:The Wall Street Journal 15018:3 December 2010 at the 13913:Freedom House, May 2007 10799:13 January 2017 at the 10734:The Wall Street Journal 10575:JH Ahn (30 June 2016). 8344:Lankov, Andrei (2013). 8314:Cumings, Bruce (2011). 7988:Oxford University Press 7893:McGuire, James (2010). 7754:Encyclopedia Britannica 7117:"Chapter I. Politics". 6087:soup with boiled rice, 5573:North Korean literature 5326:Ischaemic heart disease 5229:English lecture at the 5097:Religion in North Korea 5033:North Korea shares the 4615:Administrative division 4595:Administrative division 4417:Orascom Telecom Holding 4415:, a joint venture with 4374:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 4248:Satellite image of the 4041:Purchasing power parity 3997:An industrial plant in 3893:crimes against humanity 3653:nullum crimen sine lege 3264:shake hands during the 3186:Relations with Malaysia 3069:North Korea joined the 2505:New Focus International 2480:Mansudae Grand Monument 2220:led by a member of the 2214:Workers' Party of Korea 2115:Politics of North Korea 2105:Government and politics 1808:, or "military first". 1671:August Faction Incident 1572:military of North Korea 1385:Three Kingdoms of Korea 1256:Three Kingdoms of Korea 1005:Three Kingdoms of Korea 712:• 2008 census 345:hereditary dictatorship 235:Official languages 23619:Republic of Somaliland 23502:Recognised by at least 23412:Partially unrecognised 23305:Partially unrecognised 22729:Current and historical 22395:Science and technology 22379:The Book of Five Rings 22273:East Asian Youth Games 21587:Smoking in South Korea 21569:Culture of South Korea 21537:Smoking in North Korea 21519:Culture of North Korea 21227:Tourism in South Korea 21199:Economy of South Korea 21151:Tourism in North Korea 21128:Economy of North Korea 21088:Supreme Court of Korea 20908:Premier of North Korea 20801:Geology of North Korea 20763:Geology of South Korea 20738:List of lakes of Korea 20673:History of North Korea 20669:History of South Korea 20383:5 October 2022 at the 20187:18 August 2021 at the 19758:. Oxford: Lion Books. 16816:. 2007. Archived from 16574:"North Korea DNS Leak" 16429:. BBC. 26 April 2013. 15147:9 January 2011 at the 12638:. 2007. Archived from 11607:. 2001. Archived from 11029:The Nautilus Institute 11023:Mansourov, Alexandre. 9273:Caraway, Bill (2007). 8350:. OUP US. p. 64. 7362:A New History of Korea 6739:Lee, Peter H. (1996). 6344:Outline of North Korea 6288:IAAF Bronze Label Race 6267:Guinness World Records 6258: 6254:A scene from the 2012 6128: 6091:, green bean pancake, 6019: 5862: 5701: 5668:through depictions of 5600:Tales from Shakespeare 5582: 5509: 5445: 5424:Culture of North Korea 5314:cardiovascular disease 5294: 5237: 5209:Chondoist Chongu Party 5120: 4781:South Pyongan Province 4658:Pyongyang Capital City 4490: 4356:are launched from two 4322: 4284:Science and technology 4253: 4204:Trans-Siberian Railway 4086: 4029:gross domestic product 4001: 3973: 3962: 3953:Economy of North Korea 3708:Prisons in North Korea 3624: 3474: 3417:Air and Anti-Air Force 3389: 3290: 3269: 3149: 3073:in 1991 together with 3039: 2546:Kim Il Sung University 2533: 2482: 2454:statism in Shōwa Japan 2346:, the director of the 2328:Cabinet of North Korea 2289: 2286:Mansudae Assembly Hall 2230:Chondoist Chongu Party 2160:Premier of the Cabinet 2074: 1971: 1962:Geology of North Korea 1854: 1710: 1658: 1580:United Nations Command 1567: 1486:and the southern half 1467: 1395:(1392–1897). In 1897, 1368: 1351:History of North Korea 1287:) in North Korea, and 1259: 1045:divided into two zones 140:("The Patriotic Song") 21678:Countries and regions 21217:Energy in South Korea 21184:Mining in North Korea 21141:Energy in North Korea 20203:24 April 2019 at the 20198:DPRK Foreign Ministry 20097:Ryang, Sonia (2013). 20044:Myers, Brian Reynolds 19991:8 August 2019 at the 19984:54.1 (2014): 89–100. 19960:Jager, Sheila Miyoshi 19945:23.1 (2017): 97–103. 19922:Jackson, Van (2016). 19897:55.1 (2015): 119–31. 19858:French, Paul (2007). 19825:Boer, Roland (2019). 19811:57.1 (2017): 119–27. 19737:. Tuttle Publishing. 17447:(21 September 2004). 17059:"The Korean Language" 16921:Smith, Hazel (2016). 16813:Amnesty International 16657:, Population Division 16628:, Population Division 16386:. CIA. Archived from 14012:Amnesty International 13982:Amnesty International 13880:Amnesty International 13804:Amnesty International 13770:Amnesty International 13745:: "North Korea". 13626:Human Rights Concerns 13618:Amnesty International 12710:"Worls militaries: K" 12070:18 April 2017 at the 12036:"North Korea (11/05)" 10725:Myers, Brian Reynolds 10608:권, 영전 (1 June 2021). 9323:10.1093/biosci/bix014 9212:Nature Communications 8292:, pp. xxxii, 46. 7838:(2 million), and the 7784:Fox News Network, LLC 7303:on 19 September 2016. 7173:Buzo, Adrian (2002). 6385:Chinese folk religion 6253: 6126: 6097:and dishes made from 6007: 5853: 5708:"Song of Comradeship" 5700: 5580: 5454:cultural assimilation 5437: 5289: 5282:Health in North Korea 5228: 5181:Chinese folk religion 5104: 5039:dialectal differences 5027:Further information: 4488: 4439:Korea Computer Center 4317: 4288:Further information: 4247: 4240:Energy in North Korea 4220:international airport 4144:Masikryong Ski Resort 4084:Masikryong Ski Resort 4081: 4045:Gross national income 4039:is at medium levels. 3996: 3983:intensive development 3968: 3960: 3838:Amnesty International 3618: 3531:of January 2013, and 3472: 3381: 3344:Panmunjom Declaration 3288: 3259: 3228:Panmunjom Declaration 3152:North Korea enjoys a 3143: 3030:is celebrated at the 3025: 2542:named for Kim Il Sung 2532:(right) in March 2018 2527: 2477: 2377:Further information: 2284: 2072: 1969: 1844: 1705: 1649: 1642:Post-war developments 1553: 1462: 1358: 1241: 1169:state-run enterprises 1141:Amnesty International 1131:with a comprehensive 1083:(DMZ), but no formal 1035:. In 1945, after the 676:• Water (%) 617:2nd provisional govt. 604:1st provisional govt. 442:Establishment history 358:WPK General Secretary 23703:East Asian countries 23512:Republic of Abkhazia 23234:History of socialism 22418:Traditional medicine 22316:East Asia Law Review 22172:East Asian Community 21862:Indigenous Taiwanese 21615:Media of South Korea 21592:Sport in South Korea 21542:Sport in North Korea 21327:Aging of South Korea 20920:Korean People's Army 20602:Later Three Kingdoms 20371:7 March 2016 at the 20341:Korea Education Fund 20291:8 March 2021 at the 20171:4 March 2016 at the 20123:North Korea Handbook 19915:4 April 2023 at the 19904:21 July 2019 at the 19887:21 July 2019 at the 19880:56.1 (2016): 68–77. 19818:21 July 2019 at the 19788:(51). Archived from 19595:on 10 February 2009. 19470:. 19 December 2013. 19164:. Business Insider. 18415:. 31 December 2009. 17754:. 9 September 2015. 17395:. 19 February 2020. 17189:Simon & Schuster 16872:. 18 December 2013. 16080:7 April 2014 at the 15990:. 24 December 2013. 15555:. 20 February 2014. 15278:. 14 February 2014. 15000:The Impossible State 14998:Cha, Victor (2012). 14898:Country Profile 2007 14733:Country Profile 2007 14723:, pp. 143, 145. 14599:1 April 2012 at the 14576:1 April 2012 at the 14242:. 15 February 2014. 14216:on 28 September 2017 14056:. 17 February 2014. 13475:Parliament of Canada 13262:. 23 December 2016. 13169:. 15 November 2012. 13009:. 7 September 2011. 12977:. 25 November 2010. 12697:Country Profile 2007 12211:. 23 February 2009. 11932:. CNN. 4 June 2004. 11786:. 20 November 2017. 11611:on 30 September 2007 11380:4 April 2023 at the 10345:(5 September 2007). 10343:Parry, Richard Lloyd 9757:. 24 December 2011. 9606:"북한 노동당 규약 주요 개정 내용" 8275:Armstrong, Charles. 7990:. pp. 450–453. 7634:on 25 September 2006 7360:Yi, Ki-baek (1984). 7217:. pp. 505–506. 6480:Also abbreviated as 6241:2012 Summer Olympics 6133:association football 6119:Sport in North Korea 6000:North Korean cuisine 5846:Media of North Korea 5690:Music of North Korea 5595:works of Kim Il Sung 5500:World Heritage Sites 5488:World Heritage Sites 5362:facilities in 2015. 5108:in Pyongyang, where 4411:network operated by 4335:electronic libraries 4082:Foreign tourists in 3912:Global Slavery Index 3866:political repression 3823:class=notpageimage| 3631:system based on the 3394:Korean People's Army 3364:Korean People's Army 3252:Korean reunification 3209:1983 Rangoon bombing 3192:. North Korea has a 3087:ASEAN Regional Forum 3079:Non-Aligned Movement 3060:Non-Aligned Movement 2754:Special-level city ( 2608:Administrative seat 2446:Brian Reynolds Myers 1687:Non-Aligned Movement 1625:Charles K. Armstrong 1506:. In April 1948, an 1488:by the United States 1222:ASEAN Regional Forum 1214:Non-Aligned Movement 1206:Korean People's Army 1194:North Korea follows 1109:came to an end. The 1091:countries. However, 976:. North Korea, like 964:to the south at the 952:to the north at the 693:• 2023 estimate 640:Current constitution 27:Country in East Asia 23753:Totalitarian states 23655: / 23312:Republic of Armenia 23282:Details concerning 23170:Estonia (1918–1919) 23064:Hungary (1949–1989) 21843:Khalkha in Mongolia 21479:Korean architecture 21456:Korean tea ceremony 21423:Korean martial arts 21174:North Korean famine 20346:17 May 2013 at the 20330:6 November 2015 at 20304:– link collection ( 20286:North Korea profile 20211:The Pyongyang Times 20160:Government websites 20126:. Yonhap T'ongsin. 19733:Abt, Felix (2014). 19677:The Daily Telegraph 19646:The Daily Telegraph 19227:on 10 December 2012 19221:Doosan Encyclopedia 19162:businessinsider.com 19097:The Huffington Post 19066:The Huffington post 19038:. 10 October 2006. 18470:, pp. 423–424. 18383:on 24 February 2015 18306:"Socialist realism" 18235:, pp. 496–497. 18134:8 July 2013 at the 18103:The Huffington Post 16769:on 16 February 2007 16549:. 4 February 2014. 16390:on 27 December 2016 16356:. 7 February 2016. 16202:Lele, Ajey (2013). 16157:on 4 September 2015 16056:on 4 September 2015 15962:on 20 December 2016 15778:. 30 October 2008. 15527:on 4 September 2015 15413:The Huffington Post 15385:. 1 December 2013. 14584:, 22 December 2005. 14508:The Washington Post 13722:, pp. 272–273. 13424:, pp. 277–278. 13373:The Washington Post 13101:. 5 November 2013. 13067:The Daily Telegraph 12740:, pp. 288–293. 12642:on 17 February 2007 12501:. 16 January 2024. 12469:. 16 January 2024. 12337:The Washington Post 12263:5 June 2010 at the 12179:. 30 January 2009. 12151:on 23 December 2007 12121:on 13 November 2007 11756:. 11 October 2008. 11724:The Washington Post 11639:. 13 October 2022. 11514:The Washington Post 11455:North Korean Review 11208:on 4 September 2017 11068:on 16 February 2008 10889:, p. 114, 116. 10658:(4 December 2009). 10320:on 20 November 2007 10132:, pp. 197–198. 9928:. 2014. p. 1. 9894:. 7 February 2024. 9224:2020NatCo..11.5978G 9139:on 17 November 2004 8810:on 20 December 2011 8780:on 28 November 2010 8615:The Washington Post 8112:, pp. 125–126. 8063:, pp. 237–242. 7143:Korea原名Corea？美國改的名 7126:. 2019 – via 6865:. 17 October 2023. 6271:rhythmic gymnastics 5982:The Washington Post 5950:and its associated 5919:Press Freedom Index 5533:Mansudae Art Studio 5520:Korean architecture 5441:Buddhist Temple, a 5380:Preventive medicine 5360:improved sanitation 5290:A dental clinic at 5129:freedom of religion 4532:is extremely rare. 4503:North Korean famine 4372:with the launch of 4263:hydroelectric power 3683:Camp 18 in Pukchang 3573:military satellites 3541:command and control 3479:nuclear-armed state 3433:Ministry of Defence 3266:inter-Korean Summit 3238:at the Korean DMZ. 2550:Kim Il Sung Stadium 2509:cult of personality 2352:Academy of Sciences 2268:Ministry of Defence 2235:Kim Jong Un of the 1894:. His youngest son 1748:axe murder incident 1728:North Korean famine 1681:or the pro-Chinese 1584:UN Security Council 1424:subsistence farming 1420:under Japanese rule 1418:in 1945, Korea was 1416:end of World War II 1173:collectivized farms 1165:means of production 1145:human rights record 1133:cult of personality 1041:end of World War II 936:), is a country in 816:Korean People's won 539:Japanese annexation 256:Chosŏn'gŭl (Hangul) 215: / 47:Democratic People's 34:or the provisional 23597:Recognised only by 23436:Republic of Kosovo 23419:State of Palestine 23336:Republic of Cyprus 23135:Byelorussia (1919) 22321:East Asian studies 22017:Hip-and-gable roof 22012:Chinese characters 21484:Korean calligraphy 20753:Provinces of Korea 20705:Geography of Korea 20527:Jin (Korean state) 20308:Libraries GovPubs) 20052:. Melville House. 19795:on 16 January 2022 19562:. 4 October 2013. 19536:on 16 October 2015 19408:. 11 August 2010. 19338:"Okryu restaurant" 19195:. Washington, DC. 18896:on 14 January 2013 18839:Country Study 2009 18827:Country Study 2009 18797:Youna Kim (2019). 18671:. 3 January 2013. 18606:The New York Times 18173:Bruce G. Cumings. 18110:on 28 January 2013 17977:Country Study 2009 17965:Country Study 2009 17908:data.worldbank.org 17782:data.worldbank.org 17719:data.worldbank.org 17689:data.worldbank.org 17586:Country Study 2009 17563:. Lcweb2.loc.gov. 17548:Country Study 2009 17536:Country Study 2009 17524:Country Study 2009 17512:Country Study 2009 17454:Nautilus Institute 17262:on 1 December 2006 17255:Human Rights Watch 17237:Country Study 2009 17146:Marshall Cavendish 17127:Country Study 2009 16999:CIA World Factbook 16969:CIA World Factbook 16927:North Korea Review 16795:Country Study 2009 16711:Country Study 2009 16681:CIA World Factbook 16458:Yale Global Online 16384:The World Factbook 16241:on 29 October 2013 16101:. 6 January 2010. 16099:Yonhap News Agency 15987:The New York Times 15853:Country Study 2009 15649:Country Study 2009 15585:Country Study 2009 15443:Yonhap News Agency 15366:Country Study 2009 15327:Country Study 2009 15216:Country Study 2009 15204:Country Study 2009 15192:Country Study 2009 15041:. 9 October 2011. 14910:Country Study 2007 14883:Country Study 2009 14745:Country Study 2009 14721:Country Study 2009 14670:Country Study 2009 14658:Country Study 2009 14646:Country Study 2009 14634:Country Study 2009 14607:, 8 November 2005. 14475:. 8 October 2014. 14438:Human Rights Watch 13860:Country Study 2009 13720:Country Study 2009 13661:Human Rights Watch 13548:Kim Yonho (2014). 13536:Country Study 2009 13451:on 21 October 2013 13422:Country Study 2009 13410:Country Study 2009 13398:Country Study 2009 13356:Country Study 2009 13344:Country Study 2009 13296:on 5 December 2021 13260:Yonhap News Agency 13221:Country Study 2009 13069:. 23 August 2010. 12896:Country Study 2009 12776:on 11 October 2011 12738:Country Study 2009 12685:Country Study 2009 12673:Country Study 2009 12661:Country Study 2009 12498:Al Jazeera English 12427:The New York Times 12308:. Washington, DC. 12096:Country Study 2009 12084:Country Study 2009 11996:Country Study 2009 11962:The New York Times 11605:The People's Korea 11467:10.3172/NKR.7.2.94 10944:The New York Times 10820:on 26 January 2014 10769:www.britannica.com 10727:(1 October 2009). 10643:Country Study 2009 10617:Yonhap News Agency 10532:Country Study 2009 10520:Country Study 2009 10481:Country Study 2009 10469:Country Study 2009 10390:The New York Times 10383:(2 October 2003). 10174:Country Study 2009 10130:Country Study 2009 10118:Country Study 2009 9964:The New York Times 9945:on 22 August 2016. 9892:www.britannica.com 9674:Country Study 2009 9611:Yonhap News Agency 9514:www.naenara.com.kp 9371:. Lcweb2.loc.gov. 8898:. 10 August 2017. 8677:(26 August 2010). 8290:Country Study 2009 8223:Country Study 2009 7983:America in Vietnam 7688:"Terentii Shtykov" 7335:. 22 August 2016. 7317:. 21 August 2016. 7252:on 9 February 2014 6952:CIA World Factbook 6931:CIA World Factbook 6894:The World Factbook 6794:The World Factbook 6310:North Korea portal 6284:Pyongyang Marathon 6263:Arirang Mass Games 6259: 6161:, competed in the 6129: 6020: 5863: 5855:Pyongyang TV Tower 5702: 5583: 5494:are registered on 5446: 5295: 5238: 5121: 5065:European languages 4510:World Food Program 4491: 4423:is not available. 4378:Outer Space Treaty 4323: 4254: 4196:high-speed railway 4132:traditional Korean 4087: 4002: 3974: 3963: 3846:Human Rights Watch 3842:Human Rights Watch 3627:North Korea has a 3625: 3607:Law of North Korea 3569:Sony Pictures hack 3545:asymmetric warfare 3535:in December 2017. 3498:biological weapons 3487:ballistic missiles 3475: 3390: 3291: 3270: 3150: 3040: 3032:Arirang Mass Games 2591:Provinces of Korea 2554:Kim Il Sung Square 2534: 2483: 2373:Political ideology 2301:universal suffrage 2290: 2075: 1972: 1868:and North Korea's 1855: 1711: 1659: 1632:demilitarized zone 1630:A heavily guarded 1568: 1472:Japanese surrender 1468: 1369: 1260: 1081:demilitarized zone 1079:and established a 1037:Japanese surrender 787:2019 estimate 753:2015 estimate 565:Surrender of Japan 381:SAC Vice President 338:socialist republic 219:39.033°N 125.750°E 146:National ideology: 23638: 23637: 23634: 23633: 23529:Republic of China 23485: 23484: 23392: 23391: 23377:Republic of Korea 23288:foreign relations 23240: 23239: 23227: 23226: 23223: 23222: 23020: 23019: 22762:Congo-Brazzaville 22658:Regional variants 22426: 22425: 22177:Four Asian Tigers 21636: 21635: 21632: 21631: 21628: 21627: 21494:Korean literature 21438:Religion in Korea 21433:Korean philosophy 21379: 21378: 21292: 21291: 21288: 21287: 21107: 21106: 21103: 21102: 20947:General Secretary 20851: 20850: 20847: 20846: 20694: 20693: 20690: 20689: 20649:Division of Korea 20334:– website of the 20175:– website of the 20133:978-0-7656-1004-1 20112:978-1-136-35305-5 20035:978-0-312-32322-6 19973:978-1-84668-067-0 19933:978-1-107-13331-0 19869:978-1-84277-905-7 19842:978-90-04-38132-2 19765:978-0-7459-5598-8 19348:on 8 January 2011 19293:978-0-7864-2839-7 19072:on 7 October 2014 19015:978-1-60021-655-8 18981:. Freedom House. 18810:978-1-351-10410-4 18743:. 24 April 2014. 18159:978-0-395-25812-5 17812:Our World in Data 17599:"UN HDR 2020 PDF" 17489:. 10 April 2005. 17101:978-1-61069-018-8 17036:on 6 October 2014 16604:population.un.org 16215:978-81-322-0732-0 15810:. 21 March 2016. 14796:on 5 October 2011 14410:, 2 August 2017, 14375:Leiden University 14186:on 5 October 2016 13984:. 12 April 2012. 13244:on 29 April 2011. 12917:. 29 April 2010. 12809:. 1 August 2023. 12788:implosion fission 12766:978-0-89206-632-2 12716:on 6 October 2014 12372:. 27 April 2018. 12016:on 29 August 2009 11242:on 6 January 2015 11201:The Seattle Times 10912:978-0-465-01101-8 10674:on 4 January 2010 10662:The Cleanest Race 10151:. 23 April 2013. 10095:. 1 August 2022. 9935:978-9946-0-1099-1 9727:. 26 March 2014. 9520:on 15 August 2021 9490:978-1-62513-171-3 9451:"Totalitarianism" 9275:"Korea Geography" 9102:www.rodong.rep.kp 9068:www.rodong.rep.kp 8863:Los Angeles Times 8479:978-0-7546-3653-3 8425:978-1-4128-4086-6 8357:978-0-19-996429-1 8327:978-1-59558-739-8 8304:, pp. 97–99. 8188:(12): 1017–1035. 8135:978-0-313-28969-9 8047:978-0-393-31681-0 7934:Painter, David S. 7832:Chinese Civil War 7603:978-0-8248-3174-5 7559:Asia Times Online 7539:978-0-8248-3174-5 7468:978-0-8248-3174-5 7435:978-0-393-32702-1 7403:978-0-393-32702-1 7371:978-0-674-61576-2 7224:978-0-393-32702-1 7192:978-0-415-23749-9 7148:United Daily News 7016:. 30 April 2018. 6897:(2024 ed.). 6752:978-0-231-07912-9 6724:978-0-549-44036-9 6696:978-0-674-00244-9 6668:978-0-674-00244-9 6632:Kim, Jinwung 2012 6617:978-1-59033-443-0 6591:978-1-59033-443-0 5873:) or folk tales ( 5742: 5722:performed by the 5717: 5674:space exploration 5631:The Song of Korea 5526:socialist realism 5009: 5008: 4522:extended families 4497:and a few ethnic 4495:Chinese community 4327:knowledge economy 4305:polymer chemistry 4100:southern neighbor 4037:human development 4014:private ownership 3969:Apartments along 3919:human trafficking 3854:economic freedoms 3690:mass surveillance 3553:midget submarines 3523:of October 2006, 3477:North Korea is a 3232:They met in Hanoi 3166:Chinese President 3012:Foreign relations 3008: 3007: 2326:is vested in the 2293:Legislative power 2257:eternal President 2186: 2162: 2142: 2024:Rangrim Mountains 1986:, and longitudes 1930:General Secretary 1919:series of summits 1813:widespread famine 1663:Nikita Khrushchev 1655:Chollima Movement 1592:Republic of China 1455:Division of Korea 1414:From 1910 to the 1375:in 2333 BCE, the 1335:Republic of Korea 1124:North Korea is a 997:Lower Paleolithic 928:, officially the 923: 922: 803:• Per capita 769:• Per capita 49:Republic of Korea 16:(Redirected from 23760: 23733:One-party states 23698:Communist states 23670: 23669: 23667: 23666: 23665: 23660: 23656: 23653: 23652: 23651: 23648: 23498: 23497: 23409: 23408: 23302: 23301: 23297:UN member states 23267: 23260: 23253: 23244: 23243: 23090: 23089: 22947: 22946: 22737: 22736: 22732:socialist states 22611:African-American 22453: 22446: 22439: 22430: 22429: 22361:Miyamoto Musashi 22258:East Asian Games 22230:Former countries 22162:East Asia Summit 21992:Chinese knotting 21747: 21663: 21656: 21649: 21640: 21639: 21547:Arirang Festival 21447: 21428:Korean mythology 21398: 21397: 21390:Culture of Korea 21385: 21384: 21298: 21297: 21241: 21237:South Korean won 21165: 21161:North Korean won 21124: 21123: 21113: 21112: 20868: 20867: 20857: 20856: 20758:Regions of Korea 20728:Korean Peninsula 20713: 20712: 20700: 20699: 20579:Gaya confederacy 20474: 20473: 20466:History of Korea 20461: 20460: 20430: 20423: 20416: 20407: 20406: 20218:General websites 20149: 20147: 20145: 20116: 20093: 20091: 20089: 20083: 20072: 20063: 20039: 20020: 20018: 20016: 19977: 19937: 19910:full text online 19873: 19854: 19804: 19802: 19800: 19794: 19779: 19769: 19748: 19729: 19727: 19725: 19719: 19712: 19693: 19692: 19690: 19688: 19668: 19662: 19661: 19659: 19657: 19637: 19631: 19630: 19628: 19626: 19606: 19597: 19596: 19585: 19576: 19575: 19573: 19571: 19552: 19546: 19545: 19543: 19541: 19520: 19514: 19513: 19511: 19509: 19490: 19484: 19483: 19481: 19479: 19460: 19454: 19453: 19451: 19449: 19440:. 15 June 2010. 19428: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19417: 19396: 19390: 19389: 19387: 19385: 19364: 19358: 19357: 19355: 19353: 19334: 19328: 19327: 19325: 19323: 19304: 19298: 19297: 19276: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19262: 19243: 19237: 19236: 19234: 19232: 19223:. Archived from 19207: 19201: 19200: 19184: 19178: 19177: 19175: 19173: 19153: 19147: 19146: 19144: 19142: 19122: 19113: 19112: 19110: 19108: 19088: 19082: 19081: 19079: 19077: 19058: 19052: 19051: 19049: 19047: 19026: 19020: 19019: 19001: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18990: 18975: 18969: 18968: 18966: 18964: 18949: 18943: 18940: 18931: 18928: 18922: 18916: 18910: 18909: 18903: 18901: 18895: 18888: 18879: 18873: 18872: 18870: 18868: 18848: 18842: 18836: 18830: 18824: 18815: 18814: 18794: 18788: 18787: 18785: 18783: 18763: 18757: 18756: 18754: 18752: 18733: 18727: 18721: 18715: 18714: 18712: 18710: 18691: 18685: 18684: 18682: 18680: 18659: 18653: 18652: 18650: 18648: 18629: 18623: 18622: 18620: 18618: 18596: 18587: 18586: 18584: 18582: 18567: 18561: 18555: 18549: 18548: 18546: 18544: 18525: 18514: 18513: 18511: 18509: 18498:The Korea Herald 18489: 18483: 18477: 18471: 18465: 18459: 18458: 18456: 18454: 18435: 18429: 18428: 18426: 18424: 18399: 18393: 18392: 18390: 18388: 18373: 18364: 18363: 18361: 18359: 18354:on 26 March 2013 18350:. Archived from 18339: 18328: 18327: 18325: 18323: 18301: 18292: 18291: 18289: 18287: 18272: 18266: 18265: 18263: 18261: 18242: 18236: 18230: 18224: 18223: 18221: 18219: 18200: 18187: 18186: 18170: 18164: 18163: 18145: 18139: 18126: 18120: 18119: 18117: 18115: 18106:. Archived from 18093: 18087: 18086: 18080: 18078: 18062: 18056: 18055: 18053: 18051: 18029: 18020: 18019: 18017: 18015: 18009: 18002: 17991: 17980: 17974: 17968: 17962: 17956: 17955: 17953: 17951: 17942:. 16 July 2010. 17930: 17924: 17923: 17921: 17919: 17900: 17894: 17893: 17891: 17889: 17883: 17872: 17864: 17858: 17857: 17855: 17853: 17834: 17828: 17827: 17825: 17823: 17804: 17798: 17797: 17795: 17793: 17774: 17768: 17767: 17765: 17763: 17744: 17735: 17734: 17732: 17730: 17711: 17705: 17704: 17702: 17700: 17681: 17675: 17674: 17664: 17632: 17621: 17620: 17618: 17616: 17610: 17603: 17595: 17589: 17583: 17577: 17576: 17574: 17572: 17557: 17551: 17545: 17539: 17533: 17527: 17521: 17515: 17509: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17498: 17477: 17471: 17470: 17468: 17466: 17461:on 11 March 2007 17457:. Archived from 17441: 17435: 17434: 17432: 17430: 17415: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17404: 17385: 17379: 17378: 17376: 17374: 17355: 17349: 17348: 17346: 17344: 17325: 17319: 17313: 17304: 17303: 17301: 17299: 17293: 17286: 17278: 17272: 17271: 17269: 17267: 17246: 17240: 17234: 17228: 17222: 17213: 17212: 17207: 17205: 17186: 17176: 17170: 17169: 17164: 17162: 17136: 17130: 17124: 17118: 17112: 17106: 17105: 17085: 17079: 17078: 17076: 17074: 17055: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17041: 17026: 17015: 17014: 17012: 17010: 17005:on 4 August 2014 17001:. Archived from 16991: 16985: 16984: 16982: 16980: 16971:. Archived from 16961: 16955: 16954: 16952: 16950: 16918: 16912: 16911: 16909: 16907: 16892: 16886: 16885: 16883: 16881: 16862: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16851: 16836: 16830: 16829: 16827: 16825: 16804: 16798: 16792: 16779: 16778: 16776: 16774: 16765:. Archived from 16752: 16746: 16745: 16743: 16741: 16735: 16728: 16720: 16714: 16708: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16692: 16683:. Archived from 16673: 16667: 16666: 16664: 16662: 16652: 16644: 16638: 16637: 16635: 16633: 16618: 16612: 16611: 16606:. Archived from 16596: 16590: 16589: 16587: 16585: 16569: 16563: 16562: 16560: 16558: 16539: 16530: 16529: 16527: 16525: 16520:on 27 April 2007 16509: 16503: 16502: 16500: 16498: 16483: 16474: 16473: 16471: 16469: 16449: 16443: 16442: 16440: 16438: 16423: 16412: 16406: 16400: 16399: 16397: 16395: 16376: 16370: 16369: 16367: 16365: 16344: 16338: 16337: 16335: 16333: 16313: 16307: 16306: 16304: 16302: 16297:on 23 March 2009 16287: 16281: 16280: 16278: 16276: 16257: 16251: 16250: 16248: 16246: 16237:. Archived from 16226: 16220: 16219: 16199: 16190: 16189: 16173: 16167: 16166: 16164: 16162: 16147: 16141: 16140: 16138: 16136: 16131:on 23 April 2015 16121: 16115: 16114: 16112: 16110: 16091: 16085: 16072: 16066: 16065: 16063: 16061: 16046: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16032: 16010: 16004: 16003: 16001: 15999: 15978: 15972: 15971: 15969: 15967: 15948: 15942: 15941: 15939: 15937: 15932:on 23 April 2015 15922: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15911: 15906:on 23 April 2015 15896: 15887: 15886: 15884: 15882: 15862: 15856: 15850: 15844: 15830: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15819: 15798: 15792: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15766: 15760: 15759: 15757: 15755: 15736: 15730: 15729: 15727: 15725: 15710: 15704: 15703: 15701: 15699: 15684: 15678: 15677: 15675: 15673: 15658: 15652: 15646: 15640: 15639: 15637: 15635: 15620: 15614: 15613: 15611: 15609: 15604:on 23 April 2015 15594: 15588: 15582: 15569: 15568: 15566: 15564: 15550: 15543: 15537: 15536: 15534: 15532: 15517: 15511: 15510: 15508: 15506: 15491: 15485: 15484: 15482: 15480: 15465: 15459: 15458: 15456: 15454: 15445:. 12 June 2014. 15435: 15429: 15428: 15426: 15424: 15419:on 12 April 2014 15405: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15375: 15369: 15363: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15352: 15336: 15330: 15324: 15318: 15317: 15315: 15313: 15298: 15292: 15291: 15289: 15287: 15268: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15257: 15237: 15231: 15225: 15219: 15213: 15207: 15201: 15195: 15189: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15178: 15169:. pp. 8–9. 15158: 15152: 15139: 15133: 15132: 15130: 15128: 15113: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15102: 15087: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15061: 15055: 15054: 15052: 15050: 15029: 15023: 15010: 15004: 15003: 14995: 14984: 14971: 14965: 14952: 14946: 14945: 14943: 14941: 14926: 14920: 14919: 14907: 14901: 14895: 14886: 14885:, p. xxiii. 14880: 14874: 14873: 14871: 14869: 14850: 14844: 14838: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14827: 14822:on 23 April 2015 14812: 14806: 14805: 14803: 14801: 14795: 14788: 14780: 14774: 14773: 14771: 14769: 14754: 14748: 14742: 14736: 14730: 14724: 14718: 14712: 14711: 14709: 14707: 14688: 14673: 14667: 14661: 14655: 14649: 14643: 14637: 14631: 14625: 14624: 14617: 14608: 14591: 14585: 14568: 14562: 14561: 14559: 14557: 14534: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14520: 14498: 14489: 14488: 14486: 14484: 14463: 14454: 14453: 14451: 14449: 14429: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14419: 14398: 14392: 14391: 14389: 14387: 14365: 14359: 14358: 14356: 14354: 14326: 14320: 14319: 14317: 14315: 14293: 14287: 14286: 14285: 14283: 14274:, 15 July 2015, 14262: 14256: 14255: 14253: 14251: 14232: 14226: 14225: 14223: 14221: 14202: 14196: 14195: 14193: 14191: 14172: 14166: 14165: 14163: 14161: 14142: 14136: 14135: 14133: 14131: 14122:. 4 April 2012. 14112: 14106: 14088: 14082: 14076: 14070: 14069: 14067: 14065: 14046: 14040: 14034: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14023: 14004: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13993: 13974: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13963: 13958:on 26 April 2012 13957: 13951:. Archived from 13946: 13938: 13932: 13931: 13929: 13927: 13921: 13910: 13902: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13891: 13872: 13863: 13857: 13851: 13850: 13848: 13846: 13827: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13795: 13786: 13785: 13783: 13781: 13776:on 14 March 2012 13772:. Archived from 13762: 13756: 13740: 13739: 13734: 13723: 13717: 13711: 13710: 13708: 13706: 13687: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13673: 13651: 13642: 13641: 13639: 13637: 13632:on 29 March 2007 13628:. Archived from 13614: 13608: 13602: 13596: 13595: 13580: 13574: 13573: 13571: 13569: 13563: 13556: 13545: 13539: 13533: 13527: 13526: 13524: 13522: 13516: 13505: 13497: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13486: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13456: 13450: 13439: 13431: 13425: 13419: 13413: 13407: 13401: 13395: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13384: 13375:. 20 July 2009. 13365: 13359: 13353: 13347: 13341: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13290:Daily News Brief 13282: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13271: 13252: 13246: 13245: 13230: 13224: 13218: 13209: 13208: 13206: 13204: 13189: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13157: 13151: 13150: 13148: 13146: 13124: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13078: 13059: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13048: 13029: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 12997: 12991: 12990: 12988: 12986: 12967: 12961: 12960: 12958: 12956: 12937: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12926: 12905: 12899: 12893: 12887: 12886: 12884: 12882: 12868: 12860: 12854: 12853: 12851: 12849: 12829: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12818: 12799: 12793: 12792: 12783: 12781: 12775: 12769:. Archived from 12758: 12747: 12741: 12735: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12706: 12700: 12694: 12688: 12682: 12676: 12670: 12664: 12658: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12647: 12628: 12622: 12621: 12619: 12617: 12608:. 19 July 2011. 12596: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12582: 12557: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12524: 12515: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12489: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12392: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12381: 12360: 12354: 12353: 12351: 12349: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12319: 12317: 12297: 12291: 12290: 12274: 12268: 12255: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12244: 12235:. 3 March 2009. 12223: 12217: 12216: 12199: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12156: 12137: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12126: 12105: 12099: 12093: 12087: 12081: 12075: 12062: 12056: 12055: 12053: 12051: 12032: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12021: 12005: 11999: 11993: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11952: 11946: 11945: 11943: 11941: 11926: 11920: 11919: 11917: 11915: 11906:. 30 June 2019. 11896: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11858: 11838: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11827: 11818:. 13 June 2006. 11806: 11800: 11799: 11797: 11795: 11776: 11770: 11769: 11767: 11765: 11746: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11735: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11705: 11689: 11683: 11682: 11680: 11678: 11669:. 28 July 2023. 11659: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11627: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11597: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11586: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11536: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11525: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11446: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11420: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11400:. 13 July 2022. 11390: 11384: 11371: 11365: 11364: 11318: 11312: 11311: 11309: 11307: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11258: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11247: 11224: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11175: 11168: 11159: 11150: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11140:on 29 April 2011 11122: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11089: 11083: 11077: 11075: 11073: 11067: 11061:. Archived from 11060: 11051: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11020: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 10994: 10988: 10987: 10985: 10983: 10963: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10952: 10935: 10929: 10923: 10917: 10916: 10896: 10890: 10884: 10878: 10872: 10866: 10860: 10854: 10848: 10842: 10836: 10830: 10829: 10827: 10825: 10810: 10804: 10791: 10785: 10784: 10782: 10780: 10761: 10755: 10754: 10748: 10746: 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10690: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10679: 10670:. Archived from 10652: 10646: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10605: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10563: 10561: 10541: 10535: 10529: 10523: 10517: 10511: 10501: 10495: 10490: 10484: 10478: 10472: 10466: 10457: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10439: 10437: 10416: 10410: 10409: 10404: 10402: 10377: 10371: 10370: 10364: 10362: 10339: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10325: 10305: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10277: 10271: 10270: 10250: 10244: 10243: 10237: 10235: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10183: 10177: 10171: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10139: 10133: 10127: 10121: 10115: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10085: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10062:. 19 July 2015. 10050: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10020: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10009: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9954: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9938:. Archived from 9914: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9867: 9860: 9852: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9838: 9833:on 18 April 2017 9819: 9813: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9777: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9717: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9683: 9677: 9671: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9643: 9634: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9602: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9549:. Archived from 9536: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9516:. Archived from 9506: 9495: 9494: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9417: 9411: 9410: 9408: 9406: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9365: 9354: 9353: 9343: 9325: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9281:. Archived from 9270: 9264: 9263: 9253: 9235: 9203: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9186: 9179: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9129: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8976: 8970: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8921: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8886: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8826: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8815: 8804:Associated Press 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8776:. Archived from 8769: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8742: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8710: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8671: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8605: 8599: 8598: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8527: 8518: 8501: 8495: 8488: 8482: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8409: 8403: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8341: 8332: 8331: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8241: 8235: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8177: 8168: 8161: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8005: 7974: 7968: 7967: 7943: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7900: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7650: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7633: 7622: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7591: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7565:on 18 March 2005 7561:. Archived from 7550: 7544: 7543: 7527: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7507:Korea since 1850 7503:McCormack, Gavan 7498: 7492: 7491: 7488:Korea since 1850 7484:McCormack, Gavan 7479: 7473: 7472: 7456: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7357: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7322: 7304: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7278:on 25 June 2015. 7274:. Archived from 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7248:. Archived from 7235: 7229: 7228: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7180: 7170: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7125: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7068: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7039: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6954:. Archived from 6944: 6935: 6934: 6919: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6836: 6829: 6819: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6786: 6764: 6756: 6728: 6700: 6672: 6644: 6621: 6595: 6573: 6561: 6558:protecting power 6546: 6540: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6522: 6518: 6508: 6507: 6498: 6497: 6475: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6394: 6388: 6373: 6367: 6360: 6326: 6321: 6320: 6312: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6256:Arirang Festival 6239:category at the 6202:first appearance 6153:DPR Korea League 6151:and others. The 6032:Korean Peninsula 5979:. Max Fisher of 5960:Associated Press 5898:Charlie's Angels 5744: 5743: 5724:KPA State Chorus 5719: 5718: 5699: 5635:Immortal History 5603:, some works of 5430:Culture of Korea 5254:higher education 5197:syncretic belief 5165:Korean shamanism 5159:), 13% practice 5085:Sejong the Great 4695: 4685: 4642: 4632: 4570: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4536: 4535: 4404:telephone system 4390:Kwangmyongsong-4 4250:Korean Peninsula 4136:Chinese medicine 4057:Sejong Institute 4049:North Korean won 4031:is generated by 3809: 3808: 3793: 3792: 3777: 3776: 3761: 3760: 3745: 3744: 3729: 3728: 3722: 3679:Camp 15 in Yodok 3584:Chagang Province 3494:chemical weapons 3483:nuclear warheads 3348:Korean Peninsula 2999: 2998: 2980: 2979: 2961: 2960: 2942: 2941: 2923: 2922: 2904: 2903: 2885: 2884: 2866: 2865: 2847: 2846: 2819: 2818: 2800: 2799: 2782:Special cities ( 2772: 2771: 2744: 2743: 2719:(Korea East Sea) 2703:(Korea West Sea) 2618: 2617: 2596: 2595: 2443: 2426:Marxism–Leninism 2359:Korean Peninsula 2178: 2171: 2158: 2151: 2134: 2127: 1976:Korean Peninsula 1788:Agreed Framework 1738:, 1974, and the 1716:North Korean won 1667:de-Stalinization 1623:," according to 1618: 1594:rather than the 1564: 1558: 1373:Korean mythology 1327:Korean Peninsula 1324: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1308: 1296: 1295: 1286: 1285: 1250:, also known as 1246:is derived from 1075:brought about a 1027:(1897–1910) was 993:Korean Peninsula 982:adjacent islands 942:Korean Peninsula 870: 856: 855: 835: 784: 750: 720: 719: 702:26,072,217 ( 701: 700: 645:27 December 1972 632:9 September 1948 622:22 February 1947 583:6 September 1945 570:2 September 1945 362:President of SAC 230: 229: 227: 226: 225: 220: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 193:and largest city 176: Territory 175: 169: 164: 155: 138: 130: 129: 109: 95: 82: 81: 75: 72: 65: 57: 56: 43: 42: 21: 23768: 23767: 23763: 23762: 23761: 23759: 23758: 23757: 23673: 23672: 23663: 23661: 23657: 23654: 23649: 23646: 23644: 23642: 23641: 23639: 23630: 23600: 23598: 23591: 23505: 23503: 23494: 23492: 23481: 23405: 23399: 23388: 23348:State of Israel 23291: 23276: 23271: 23241: 23236: 23219: 23200:Slovakia (1919) 23100:Alsace-Lorraine 23088: 23016: 22945: 22852: 22821: 22730: 22724: 22653: 22632: 22463: 22457: 22427: 22422: 22389: 22335: 22282: 22234: 22196: 22192:Stock exchanges 22129: 22096: 21908: 21748: 21739: 21672: 21667: 21637: 21624: 21563: 21513: 21504:Korean painting 21465: 21445: 21408:Cinema of Korea 21392: 21375: 21354:Korean language 21303: 21284: 21239: 21193: 21163: 21118: 21099: 20992: 20862: 20843: 20805: 20772: 20768:Floods in Korea 20707: 20686: 20498: 20468: 20455: 20437: 20434: 20397:Wayback Machine 20385:Wayback Machine 20373:Wayback Machine 20348:Wayback Machine 20319:Wayback Machine 20293:Wayback Machine 20281:Wayback Machine 20268:Wayback Machine 20250: 20220: 20205:Wayback Machine 20189:Wayback Machine 20173:Wayback Machine 20162: 20157: 20152: 20143: 20141: 20134: 20113: 20087: 20085: 20081: 20070: 20060: 20036: 20014: 20012: 19993:Wayback Machine 19974: 19954:Wayback Machine 19934: 19917:Wayback Machine 19906:Wayback Machine 19889:Wayback Machine 19870: 19843: 19833:Haymarket Books 19820:Wayback Machine 19798: 19796: 19792: 19777: 19766: 19745: 19723: 19721: 19717: 19710: 19702: 19697: 19696: 19686: 19684: 19669: 19665: 19655: 19653: 19638: 19634: 19624: 19622: 19607: 19600: 19587: 19586: 19579: 19569: 19567: 19554: 19553: 19549: 19539: 19537: 19522: 19521: 19517: 19507: 19505: 19492: 19491: 19487: 19477: 19475: 19462: 19461: 19457: 19447: 19445: 19430: 19429: 19425: 19415: 19413: 19398: 19397: 19393: 19383: 19381: 19376:. 8 June 2014. 19366: 19365: 19361: 19351: 19349: 19336: 19335: 19331: 19321: 19319: 19306: 19305: 19301: 19294: 19277: 19270: 19260: 19258: 19245: 19244: 19240: 19230: 19228: 19213: 19209: 19208: 19204: 19193:Washington Post 19185: 19181: 19171: 19169: 19154: 19150: 19140: 19138: 19123: 19116: 19106: 19104: 19089: 19085: 19075: 19073: 19060: 19059: 19055: 19045: 19043: 19028: 19027: 19023: 19016: 19002: 18998: 18988: 18986: 18977: 18976: 18972: 18962: 18960: 18951: 18950: 18946: 18941: 18934: 18929: 18925: 18917: 18913: 18899: 18897: 18893: 18886: 18880: 18876: 18866: 18864: 18849: 18845: 18837: 18833: 18825: 18818: 18811: 18795: 18791: 18781: 18779: 18764: 18760: 18750: 18748: 18735: 18734: 18730: 18722: 18718: 18708: 18706: 18693: 18692: 18688: 18678: 18676: 18661: 18660: 18656: 18646: 18644: 18639:. August 2001. 18631: 18630: 18626: 18616: 18614: 18597: 18590: 18580: 18578: 18569: 18568: 18564: 18556: 18552: 18542: 18540: 18527: 18526: 18517: 18507: 18505: 18490: 18486: 18478: 18474: 18466: 18462: 18452: 18450: 18449:on 24 July 2014 18437: 18436: 18432: 18422: 18420: 18401: 18400: 18396: 18386: 18384: 18375: 18374: 18367: 18357: 18355: 18340: 18331: 18321: 18319: 18311:The Korea Times 18302: 18295: 18285: 18283: 18274: 18273: 18269: 18259: 18257: 18244: 18243: 18239: 18231: 18227: 18217: 18215: 18202: 18201: 18190: 18171: 18167: 18160: 18146: 18142: 18136:Wayback Machine 18127: 18123: 18113: 18111: 18094: 18090: 18076: 18074: 18065:Winzig, Jerry. 18063: 18059: 18049: 18047: 18030: 18023: 18013: 18011: 18007: 18000: 17992: 17983: 17975: 17971: 17963: 17959: 17949: 17947: 17932: 17931: 17927: 17917: 17915: 17902: 17901: 17897: 17887: 17885: 17881: 17870: 17866: 17865: 17861: 17851: 17849: 17836: 17835: 17831: 17821: 17819: 17806: 17805: 17801: 17791: 17789: 17776: 17775: 17771: 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16879: 16877: 16864: 16863: 16859: 16849: 16847: 16846:on 29 July 2014 16838: 16837: 16833: 16823: 16821: 16806: 16805: 16801: 16797:, p. xxii. 16793: 16782: 16772: 16770: 16753: 16749: 16739: 16737: 16733: 16726: 16722: 16721: 16717: 16709: 16700: 16690: 16688: 16687:on 25 June 2014 16675: 16674: 16670: 16660: 16658: 16650: 16646: 16645: 16641: 16631: 16629: 16620: 16619: 16615: 16598: 16597: 16593: 16583: 16581: 16570: 16566: 16556: 16554: 16541: 16540: 16533: 16523: 16521: 16510: 16506: 16496: 16494: 16485: 16484: 16477: 16467: 16465: 16450: 16446: 16436: 16434: 16425: 16424: 16415: 16407: 16403: 16393: 16391: 16378: 16377: 16373: 16363: 16361: 16346: 16345: 16341: 16331: 16329: 16314: 16310: 16300: 16298: 16289: 16288: 16284: 16274: 16272: 16259: 16258: 16254: 16244: 16242: 16227: 16223: 16216: 16200: 16193: 16174: 16170: 16160: 16158: 16149: 16148: 16144: 16134: 16132: 16123: 16122: 16118: 16108: 16106: 16093: 16092: 16088: 16082:Wayback Machine 16073: 16069: 16059: 16057: 16048: 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Machine 14569: 14565: 14555: 14553: 14552:on 29 July 2014 14536: 14535: 14528: 14518: 14516: 14499: 14492: 14482: 14480: 14465: 14464: 14457: 14447: 14445: 14430: 14426: 14417: 14415: 14400: 14399: 14395: 14385: 14383: 14366: 14362: 14352: 14350: 14327: 14323: 14313: 14311: 14294: 14290: 14281: 14279: 14264: 14263: 14259: 14249: 14247: 14234: 14233: 14229: 14219: 14217: 14204: 14203: 14199: 14189: 14187: 14174: 14173: 14169: 14159: 14157: 14144: 14143: 14139: 14129: 14127: 14114: 14113: 14109: 14099:Wayback Machine 14089: 14085: 14077: 14073: 14063: 14061: 14048: 14047: 14043: 14035: 14031: 14021: 14019: 14006: 14005: 14001: 13991: 13989: 13976: 13975: 13971: 13961: 13959: 13955: 13944: 13940: 13939: 13935: 13925: 13923: 13919: 13908: 13904: 13903: 13899: 13889: 13887: 13874: 13873: 13866: 13858: 13854: 13844: 13842: 13835:www.amnesty.org 13829: 13828: 13824: 13814: 13812: 13797: 13796: 13789: 13779: 13777: 13764: 13763: 13759: 13755:(17 June 2020). 13737: 13735: 13726: 13718: 13714: 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Minneapolis: 8242: 8238: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8194:10.2307/2643582 8178: 8171: 8163:Chung, Chin O. 8162: 8155: 8147: 8143: 8136: 8120: 8116: 8108: 8104: 8094: 8092: 8071: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8025: 8021: 8013: 8009: 7998: 7975: 7971: 7960: 7931: 7927: 7917: 7891: 7887: 7876: 7855: 7851: 7825: 7807: 7803: 7793: 7791: 7790:on 27 June 2009 7778: 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7730: 7726: 7721:. pp. 2–3. 7715: 7711: 7701: 7699: 7684: 7680: 7670: 7668: 7660:The Korea Times 7651: 7647: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7620: 7616: 7615: 7611: 7604: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7518: 7514: 7501:Lone, Stewart; 7499: 7495: 7482:Lone, Stewart; 7480: 7476: 7469: 7447: 7443: 7436: 7415: 7411: 7404: 7396:. p. 182. 7383: 7379: 7372: 7358: 7354: 7342: 7340: 7333:The Dong-a Ilbo 7325: 7307: 7289: 7287: 7283: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7236: 7232: 7225: 7204: 7200: 7193: 7171: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7150:. 5 July 2008. 7144: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7069: 7062: 7052: 7050: 7049:on 25 June 2014 7041: 7040: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6991: 6989: 6976: 6975: 6971: 6961: 6959: 6958:on 25 June 2014 6946: 6945: 6938: 6921: 6920: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6767: 6753: 6725: 6697: 6669: 6638: 6618: 6592: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6547: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6476: 6472: 6395: 6391: 6374: 6370: 6361: 6357: 6352: 6330: 6329: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6303: 6301: 6296: 6183:1966 appearance 6121: 6115: 6002: 5994:Main articles: 5992: 5976:The Chosun Ilbo 5929:. All 12 major 5921:. According to 5859:Ostankino Tower 5857:designed after 5848: 5842: 5789:classical music 5765: 5764: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5745: 5737: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5720: 5713: 5710: 5703: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5641:Science fiction 5575: 5569: 5522: 5512: 5473:Cultural Assets 5432: 5426: 5420: 5403:ascribed status 5395: 5389: 5284: 5278: 5246:nursery schools 5223: 5217: 5163:, 12% practice 5099: 5093: 5043:Pyongan dialect 5035:Korean language 5031: 5025: 5023:Korean dialects 5019:Korean language 5017:Main articles: 5015: 5010: 4696: 4690: 4686: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4541: 4483: 4473: 4467: 4421:mobile Internet 4350:launch vehicles 4300: 4286: 4242: 4236: 4187: 4181: 4022:command economy 3955: 3949: 3876:in sections of 3829: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3810: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3794: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3770: 3769: 3768: 3762: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3730: 3714: 3704: 3698: 3641:court of appeal 3613: 3603: 3597: 3557:human torpedoes 3442:, 30 artillery 3376: 3366: 3360: 3302:Policy was the 3295:Sunshine Policy 3254: 3246:Main articles: 3244: 3148:, 25 April 2019 3054:rather than in 3020: 3014: 3009: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2615: 2593: 2579: 2573: 2472: 2466: 2441: 2381: 2375: 2324:Executive power 2239:is the current 2218:communist party 2206:socialist state 2191: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2172: 2164: 2163: 2157: 2152: 2144: 2143: 2133: 2128: 2117: 2109:Main articles: 2107: 2067: 2016:Paektu Mountain 2011:mountain ranges 1964: 1956:Main articles: 1954: 1888: 1878: 1857:U.S. President 1800:Sunshine Policy 1765: 1740:Rangoon bombing 1707:Pyongyang Metro 1697:Captive Nations 1644: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1534: 1528: 1492:Terenty Shtykov 1457: 1451: 1409:Empire of Japan 1399:proclaimed the 1353: 1347: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1236: 1230: 1189:food production 1149:socialist state 1065:Western-aligned 1033:Empire of Japan 1029:annexed in 1910 873: 860: 859:yy, yyyy/mm/dd 830: 804: 794: 782: 770: 760: 744: 728: 713: 694: 677: 663: 642: 629: 619: 609:8 February 1946 606: 593: 580: 567: 554: 541: 531:12 October 1897 528: 515: 501: 487: 474: 457: 417: 402: 383: 364: 321: 298: 265: 251:Official script 224:39.033; 125.750 223: 221: 217: 214: 209: 206: 204: 202: 201: 200: 194: 186: 185: 173: 171: 167: 148: 139: 131: 117: 116: 115: 110: 102: 101: 96: 83: 73: 67: 66: 59: 52: 50: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23766: 23756: 23755: 23750: 23745: 23740: 23735: 23730: 23725: 23720: 23715: 23710: 23705: 23700: 23695: 23693:Atheist states 23690: 23685: 23636: 23635: 23632: 23631: 23629: 23628: 23627: 23626: 23616: 23615: 23614: 23603: 23601: 23599:non-UN members 23596: 23593: 23592: 23590: 23589: 23588: 23587: 23582: 23572: 23571: 23570: 23565: 23555: 23554: 23553: 23548: 23538: 23537: 23536: 23526: 23525: 23524: 23519: 23508: 23506: 23501: 23495: 23490: 23487: 23486: 23483: 23482: 23480: 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22382: 22375: 22372:The Art of War 22368: 22363: 22358: 22351: 22345: 22343: 22337: 22336: 22334: 22333: 22328: 22323: 22318: 22313: 22308: 22303: 22298: 22292: 22290: 22284: 22283: 22281: 22280: 22275: 22270: 22265: 22260: 22255: 22250: 22244: 22242: 22236: 22235: 22233: 22232: 22227: 22222: 22217: 22212: 22206: 22204: 22198: 22197: 22195: 22194: 22189: 22184: 22179: 22174: 22169: 22164: 22159: 22154: 22149: 22143: 22141: 22131: 22130: 22128: 22127: 22122: 22117: 22112: 22106: 22104: 22098: 22097: 22095: 22094: 22092:Chinese zodiac 22089: 22084: 22079: 22074: 22069: 22064: 22059: 22054: 22049: 22044: 22039: 22034: 22029: 22024: 22019: 22014: 22009: 22004: 21999: 21997:Chinese dragon 21994: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21964: 21959: 21957:Blepharoplasty 21954: 21953: 21952: 21947: 21942: 21937: 21929: 21924: 21918: 21916: 21910: 21909: 21907: 21906: 21905: 21904: 21899: 21889: 21884: 21879: 21874: 21869: 21864: 21859: 21854: 21849: 21848: 21847: 21846: 21845: 21840: 21825: 21820: 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20646: 20645: 20644: 20634: 20629: 20624: 20619: 20618: 20617: 20599: 20598: 20597: 20583: 20582: 20581: 20559: 20558: 20557: 20531: 20530: 20529: 20506: 20504: 20500: 20499: 20497: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20480: 20478: 20470: 20469: 20457: 20456: 20454: 20453: 20448: 20442: 20439: 20438: 20433: 20432: 20425: 20418: 20410: 20404: 20403: 20387: 20375: 20363: 20350: 20338: 20322: 20309: 20299: 20283: 20271: 20258: 20232: 20219: 20216: 20215: 20214: 20208: 20195: 20179: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20155:External links 20153: 20151: 20150: 20132: 20117: 20111: 20094: 20064: 20059:978-1933633916 20058: 20040: 20034: 20021: 19996: 19978: 19972: 19956: 19939: 19932: 19919: 19891: 19874: 19868: 19855: 19841: 19822: 19805: 19770: 19764: 19749: 19743: 19730: 19703: 19701: 19698: 19695: 19694: 19663: 19632: 19598: 19577: 19547: 19515: 19485: 19455: 19423: 19391: 19359: 19329: 19318:on 9 June 2011 19299: 19292: 19280:Lankov, Andrei 19268: 19238: 19202: 19179: 19148: 19114: 19083: 19053: 19021: 19014: 18996: 18970: 18944: 18932: 18923: 18911: 18874: 18843: 18831: 18829:, p. 114. 18816: 18809: 18789: 18758: 18728: 18726:, p. 478. 18716: 18705:on 1 July 2014 18686: 18654: 18624: 18588: 18562: 18560:, p. 475. 18550: 18515: 18484: 18482:, p. 424. 18472: 18460: 18430: 18394: 18365: 18329: 18293: 18278:. unesco.org. 18267: 18237: 18225: 18188: 18165: 18158: 18140: 18121: 18088: 18057: 18021: 17981: 17979:, p. 126. 17969: 17967:, p. 127. 17957: 17925: 17895: 17859: 17829: 17799: 17769: 17736: 17706: 17676: 17647:(3): 111–117. 17622: 17590: 17588:, p. 124. 17578: 17552: 17550:, p. 123. 17540: 17538:, p. 122. 17528: 17526:, p. 120. 17516: 17504: 17472: 17436: 17410: 17380: 17350: 17320: 17318:, p. 233. 17305: 17273: 17241: 17239:, p. 115. 17229: 17227:, p. 216. 17214: 17197: 17171: 17154: 17131: 17119: 17107: 17100: 17080: 17047: 17016: 16986: 16956: 16913: 16887: 16857: 16831: 16820:on 29 May 2007 16799: 16780: 16747: 16715: 16698: 16668: 16639: 16613: 16610:on 6 May 2011. 16591: 16564: 16531: 16504: 16475: 16444: 16413: 16401: 16371: 16339: 16308: 16282: 16271:on 9 July 2014 16252: 16221: 16214: 16191: 16168: 16142: 16116: 16086: 16067: 16038: 16005: 15973: 15943: 15917: 15888: 15857: 15855:, p. 146. 15845: 15825: 15793: 15761: 15731: 15720:on 4 June 2011 15705: 15679: 15653: 15651:, p. 150. 15641: 15630:on 22 May 2014 15615: 15589: 15587:, p. 147. 15570: 15538: 15512: 15486: 15460: 15430: 15400: 15370: 15368:, p. 165. 15358: 15331: 15329:, p. 173. 15319: 15293: 15263: 15232: 15230:, p. 155. 15220: 15208: 15206:, p. 143. 15196: 15194:, p. 154. 15184: 15153: 15134: 15108: 15082: 15071:on 22 May 2014 15056: 15024: 15005: 14985: 14966: 14947: 14936:on 7 July 2014 14921: 14912:, p. 152. 14902: 14887: 14875: 14845: 14843:, p. 931. 14833: 14807: 14775: 14764:on 22 May 2014 14749: 14747:, p. 145. 14737: 14725: 14713: 14674: 14672:, p. 140. 14662: 14660:, p. 142. 14650: 14648:, p. 138. 14638: 14636:, p. 135. 14626: 14609: 14586: 14563: 14526: 14490: 14455: 14424: 14393: 14360: 14321: 14288: 14257: 14227: 14206:"Asia-Pacific" 14197: 14167: 14137: 14120:The Chosunilbo 14107: 14083: 14071: 14041: 14029: 14014:. 3 May 2011. 13999: 13969: 13933: 13897: 13882:. 4 May 2011. 13864: 13862:, p. 278. 13852: 13822: 13787: 13757: 13724: 13712: 13679: 13643: 13609: 13607:, p. 346. 13597: 13590:. 4 May 2011. 13575: 13564:on 7 June 2014 13540: 13538:, p. 273. 13528: 13492: 13462: 13426: 13414: 13412:, p. 277. 13402: 13400:, p. 276. 13390: 13360: 13358:, p. 201. 13348: 13346:, p. 274. 13333: 13322:on 18 May 2014 13307: 13277: 13247: 13225: 13223:, p. 272. 13210: 13184: 13152: 13116: 13084: 13054: 13039:. 6 May 2010. 13024: 12992: 12962: 12932: 12900: 12898:, p. 260. 12888: 12855: 12824: 12794: 12765: 12742: 12727: 12701: 12689: 12687:, p. 248. 12677: 12675:, p. 247. 12665: 12663:, p. 239. 12653: 12623: 12588: 12563:(April 2007). 12549: 12516: 12484: 12452: 12413: 12387: 12355: 12323: 12292: 12269: 12250: 12218: 12194: 12162: 12132: 12100: 12098:, p. 222. 12088: 12086:, p. 220. 12076: 12057: 12027: 12000: 11998:, p. 218. 11988: 11947: 11921: 11891: 11864: 11833: 11801: 11771: 11741: 11711: 11684: 11654: 11622: 11592: 11561: 11531: 11500: 11441: 11415: 11385: 11366: 11331:(8): 375–388. 11313: 11280: 11253: 11219: 11187: 11151: 11117: 11084: 11046: 11015: 10989: 10958: 10947:. 10 July 1994 10930: 10928:, p. 105. 10918: 10911: 10891: 10879: 10867: 10865:, p. 353. 10855: 10853:, p. 113. 10843: 10841:, p. 100. 10831: 10805: 10786: 10756: 10716: 10699:Slate Magazine 10685: 10656:Lankov, Andrei 10647: 10645:, p. 207. 10635: 10600: 10567: 10536: 10534:, p. 186. 10524: 10522:, p. 206. 10512: 10496: 10485: 10483:, p. 204. 10473: 10471:, p. 203. 10458: 10446: 10411: 10372: 10334: 10300: 10272: 10261:(2): 216–233. 10245: 10210: 10178: 10176:, p. 200. 10166: 10134: 10122: 10120:, p. 198. 10110: 10077: 10045: 10015: 9982: 9949: 9934: 9909: 9879: 9844: 9814: 9805: 9772: 9742: 9709: 9678: 9676:, p. 192. 9666: 9629: 9597: 9564: 9531: 9496: 9489: 9477:"Korea, North" 9468: 9442: 9412: 9386: 9355: 9316:(6): 534–545. 9296: 9285:on 6 July 2007 9265: 9198: 9165: 9150: 9119: 9089: 9055: 9029: 8998: 8971: 8949: 8913: 8881: 8848: 8821: 8791: 8764: 8737: 8702: 8684:Foreign Policy 8675:Lee, Sung-Yoon 8666: 8648:Bloomberg News 8633: 8600: 8594:978-0465031238 8593: 8575: 8563: 8561:, p. 456. 8551: 8540:(1): 133–158. 8519: 8496: 8483: 8462: 8435: 8424: 8404: 8391: 8363: 8356: 8333: 8326: 8306: 8294: 8282: 8267: 8260: 8236: 8227: 8215: 8169: 8153: 8149:Armstrong 2010 8141: 8134: 8114: 8102: 8091:on 28 May 2008 8065: 8053: 8046: 8028:Cumings, Bruce 8019: 8015:Armstrong 2010 8007: 7997:978-0199874231 7996: 7969: 7959:978-0415153164 7958: 7925: 7916:978-1139486224 7915: 7885: 7875:978-0812978964 7874: 7868:. p. 35. 7866:Modern Library 7858:Cumings, Bruce 7849: 7824:978-1442226418 7823: 7817:. p. 45. 7801: 7771: 7741: 7724: 7709: 7678: 7645: 7609: 7602: 7576: 7545: 7538: 7512: 7493: 7474: 7467: 7441: 7434: 7418:Cumings, Bruce 7409: 7402: 7386:Cumings, Bruce 7377: 7370: 7352: 7350: 7349: 7323: 7281: 7263: 7230: 7223: 7207:Cumings, Bruce 7198: 7191: 7165: 7146:(in Chinese). 7133: 7109: 7090: 7060: 7031: 6999: 6969: 6936: 6911: 6880: 6848: 6811: 6790:"Korea, North" 6780: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6757: 6751: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6723: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6695: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6673: 6667: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6645: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6616: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6590: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6541: 6532: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6488: 6477: 6470: 6389: 6368: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6328: 6327: 6313: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6222:Seoul Olympics 6200:North Korea's 6163:FIFA World Cup 6117:Main article: 6114: 6111: 6103:Korean cuisine 5996:Korean cuisine 5991: 5988: 5844:Main article: 5841: 5838: 5830:Moranbong Band 5755: 5749:Moranbong Band 5746: 5735: 5730: 5729: 5721: 5711: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5688:Main article: 5685: 5682: 5605:Bertolt Brecht 5571:Main article: 5568: 5565: 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2896:South Hwanghae 2892: 2891: 2886: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2867: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2724: 2714: 2707: 2698: 2691: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2661:North Hamgyong 2659: 2656:South Hamgyong 2654: 2649: 2646:South Hwanghae 2644: 2641:North Hwanghae 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2575:Main article: 2572: 2569: 2494:Juche ideology 2468:Main article: 2465: 2462: 2374: 2371: 2317:Choe Ryong-hae 2241:Supreme Leader 2175:Choe Ryong-hae 2173: 2166: 2165: 2153: 2146: 2145: 2129: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2106: 2103: 2066: 2063: 2020:Hamgyong Range 1953: 1950: 1877: 1874: 1820:George W. Bush 1764: 1761: 1683:Yan'an faction 1679:Soviet Koreans 1643: 1640: 1600:Chinese forces 1561: 1555: 1530:Main article: 1527: 1524: 1453:Main article: 1450: 1447: 1393:Joseon dynasty 1349:Main article: 1346: 1343: 1268:Hendrick Hamel 1234:Names of Korea 1229: 1226: 1202:military first 1103:state ideology 1061:Soviet-aligned 921: 920: 915: 909: 908: 903: 897: 896: 891: 885: 884: 881: 875: 874: 872: 871: 857: 848: 846: 842: 841: 838:Pyongyang Time 828: 824: 823: 813: 809: 808: 805: 802: 799: 798: 795: 792: 789: 788: 785: 775: 774: 771: 768: 765: 764: 761: 758: 755: 754: 751: 737: 736: 729: 727:• Density 726: 723: 722: 714: 711: 708: 707: 695: 692: 689: 688: 682: 681: 678: 675: 672: 671: 664: 661: 658: 657: 651: 650: 647: 646: 643: 637: 634: 633: 630: 627: 624: 623: 620: 614: 611: 610: 607: 601: 598: 597: 596:3 October 1945 594: 588: 585: 584: 581: 575: 572: 571: 568: 562: 559: 558: 555: 549: 546: 545: 544:22 August 1910 542: 536: 533: 532: 529: 523: 520: 519: 516: 509: 506: 505: 502: 495: 492: 491: 488: 482: 479: 478: 475: 472:Three Kingdoms 469: 466: 465: 458: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 438: 437: 432: 428: 427: 424: 423: 418: 412: 409: 408: 406:Choe Ryong-hae 403: 393: 390: 389: 384: 374: 371: 370: 365: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 329: 323: 322: 320: 319: 314: 308: 306: 300: 299: 297: 296: 293: 287: 281: 275: 268: 266: 263: 259: 258: 253: 247: 246: 236: 232: 231: 195: 192: 188: 187: 172: 166: 165: 157: 156: 142: 141: 119: 118: 111: 104: 103: 97: 90: 89: 88: 85: 84: 51: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23765: 23754: 23751: 23749: 23746: 23744: 23741: 23739: 23736: 23734: 23731: 23729: 23726: 23724: 23721: 23719: 23716: 23714: 23711: 23709: 23706: 23704: 23701: 23699: 23696: 23694: 23691: 23689: 23686: 23684: 23681: 23680: 23678: 23671: 23668: 23625: 23622: 23621: 23620: 23617: 23613: 23610: 23609: 23608: 23605: 23604: 23602: 23594: 23586: 23583: 23581: 23578: 23577: 23576: 23573: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23560: 23559: 23556: 23552: 23549: 23547: 23544: 23543: 23542: 23539: 23535: 23532: 23531: 23530: 23527: 23523: 23520: 23518: 23515: 23514: 23513: 23510: 23509: 23507: 23504:one UN member 23499: 23496: 23491:Non-UN member 23488: 23476: 23473: 23472: 23471: 23468: 23464: 23461: 23460: 23459: 23456: 23452: 23449: 23447: 23444: 23442: 23439: 23438: 23437: 23434: 23430: 23427: 23425: 23422: 23421: 23420: 23417: 23416: 23414: 23410: 23407: 23403: 23395: 23383: 23380: 23379: 23378: 23375: 23371: 23368: 23367: 23366: 23363: 23359: 23356: 23354: 23351: 23350: 23349: 23346: 23342: 23339: 23338: 23337: 23334: 23330: 23327: 23326: 23325: 23322: 23318: 23315: 23314: 23313: 23310: 23309: 23307: 23303: 23300: 23298: 23294: 23289: 23285: 23279: 23275: 23268: 23263: 23261: 23256: 23254: 23249: 23248: 23245: 23235: 23230: 23216: 23213: 23211: 23208: 23206: 23203: 23201: 23198: 23196: 23193: 23191: 23188: 23186: 23183: 23181: 23178: 23176: 23173: 23171: 23168: 23164: 23161: 23159: 23156: 23155: 23153: 23151: 23150:Crimea (1919) 23148: 23146: 23143: 23141: 23138: 23136: 23133: 23131: 23128: 23124: 23121: 23119: 23116: 23115: 23113: 23111: 23108: 23106: 23103: 23101: 23098: 23097: 23095: 23091: 23085: 23082: 23080: 23077: 23075: 23072: 23070: 23067: 23065: 23062: 23060: 23057: 23053: 23050: 23048: 23045: 23044: 23043: 23040: 23038: 23035: 23033: 23030: 23029: 23027: 23023: 23013: 23012:South Vietnam 23010: 23008: 23005: 23003: 23000: 22998: 22995: 22993: 22990: 22988: 22985: 22983: 22980: 22978: 22975: 22973: 22970: 22968: 22965: 22963: 22960: 22958: 22955: 22954: 22952: 22948: 22940: 22939:North Vietnam 22937: 22936: 22935: 22932: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22888: 22885: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22874: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22865: 22862: 22861: 22859: 22855: 22849: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22836: 22834: 22831: 22830: 22828: 22824: 22818: 22815: 22813: 22810: 22808: 22805: 22803: 22800: 22798: 22795: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22781: 22778: 22776: 22773: 22772: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22755: 22753: 22750: 22748: 22745: 22744: 22742: 22738: 22735: 22733: 22727: 22721: 22718: 22716: 22713: 22711: 22708: 22706: 22703: 22701: 22698: 22696: 22693: 22691: 22688: 22686: 22683: 22681: 22678: 22676: 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22662: 22660: 22656: 22650: 22649:United States 22647: 22645: 22642: 22641: 22639: 22635: 22629: 22626: 22622: 22619: 22618: 22616: 22612: 22609: 22608: 22607: 22606:United States 22604: 22602: 22599: 22597: 22594: 22592: 22589: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22562: 22559: 22557: 22554: 22552: 22549: 22547: 22544: 22542: 22539: 22535: 22532: 22530: 22527: 22523: 22520: 22519: 22518: 22515: 22514: 22512: 22510: 22507: 22503: 22500: 22499: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22490: 22486: 22485:New Australia 22483: 22482: 22481: 22478: 22476: 22473: 22472: 22470: 22466: 22461: 22454: 22449: 22447: 22442: 22440: 22435: 22434: 22431: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22400: 22398: 22396: 22392: 22386: 22383: 22381: 22380: 22376: 22374: 22373: 22369: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22356: 22352: 22350: 22347: 22346: 22344: 22342: 22338: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22302: 22299: 22297: 22294: 22293: 22291: 22289: 22285: 22279: 22276: 22274: 22271: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22261: 22259: 22256: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22246: 22245: 22243: 22241: 22237: 22231: 22228: 22226: 22223: 22221: 22218: 22216: 22213: 22211: 22208: 22207: 22205: 22203: 22199: 22193: 22190: 22188: 22185: 22183: 22180: 22178: 22175: 22173: 22170: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22160: 22158: 22155: 22153: 22150: 22148: 22145: 22144: 22142: 22140: 22136: 22132: 22126: 22123: 22121: 22118: 22116: 22113: 22111: 22108: 22107: 22105: 22103: 22099: 22093: 22090: 22088: 22085: 22083: 22080: 22078: 22075: 22073: 22070: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22053: 22050: 22048: 22045: 22043: 22040: 22038: 22035: 22033: 22030: 22028: 22025: 22023: 22020: 22018: 22015: 22013: 22010: 22008: 22005: 22003: 22000: 21998: 21995: 21993: 21990: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21975: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21951: 21948: 21946: 21943: 21941: 21938: 21936: 21933: 21932: 21930: 21928: 21927:Architecture‎ 21925: 21923: 21922:Age reckoning 21920: 21919: 21917: 21915: 21911: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21895: 21894: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21868: 21865: 21863: 21860: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21844: 21841: 21839: 21836: 21835: 21834: 21831: 21830: 21829: 21826: 21824: 21821: 21819: 21816: 21812: 21809: 21807: 21804: 21802: 21799: 21798: 21797: 21794: 21790: 21787: 21786: 21785: 21782: 21780: 21777: 21773: 21770: 21769: 21768: 21765: 21763: 21760: 21759: 21757: 21755: 21754:Ethnic groups 21751: 21746: 21736: 21733: 21731: 21728: 21726: 21723: 21721: 21718: 21714: 21711: 21710: 21709: 21706: 21702: 21699: 21697: 21694: 21692: 21689: 21688: 21687: 21684: 21683: 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19131:The Telegraph 19128: 19121: 19119: 19102: 19098: 19094: 19087: 19071: 19067: 19063: 19057: 19041: 19037: 19036: 19031: 19025: 19017: 19011: 19007: 19000: 18984: 18980: 18974: 18958: 18954: 18953:"North Korea" 18948: 18939: 18937: 18927: 18920: 18915: 18908: 18892: 18885: 18878: 18862: 18858: 18854: 18847: 18841:, p. 94. 18840: 18835: 18828: 18823: 18821: 18812: 18806: 18802: 18801: 18793: 18777: 18773: 18769: 18762: 18746: 18742: 18738: 18732: 18725: 18720: 18704: 18700: 18699:The Telegraph 18696: 18690: 18674: 18670: 18669: 18664: 18658: 18642: 18638: 18634: 18628: 18612: 18608: 18607: 18602: 18595: 18593: 18576: 18572: 18566: 18559: 18554: 18538: 18534: 18530: 18524: 18522: 18520: 18503: 18499: 18495: 18488: 18481: 18476: 18469: 18464: 18448: 18444: 18440: 18434: 18418: 18414: 18410: 18409: 18404: 18398: 18382: 18378: 18372: 18370: 18353: 18349: 18345: 18338: 18336: 18334: 18317: 18313: 18312: 18307: 18300: 18298: 18281: 18277: 18271: 18255: 18251: 18247: 18241: 18234: 18229: 18213: 18209: 18205: 18199: 18197: 18195: 18193: 18184: 18180: 18176: 18169: 18161: 18155: 18151: 18144: 18137: 18133: 18130: 18125: 18109: 18105: 18104: 18099: 18092: 18085: 18072: 18068: 18061: 18045: 18041: 18040: 18035: 18028: 18026: 18006: 17999: 17998: 17990: 17988: 17986: 17978: 17973: 17966: 17961: 17945: 17941: 17940: 17935: 17929: 17913: 17909: 17905: 17899: 17880: 17876: 17869: 17863: 17847: 17843: 17839: 17833: 17817: 17813: 17809: 17803: 17787: 17783: 17779: 17773: 17757: 17753: 17749: 17748:"North Korea" 17743: 17741: 17724: 17720: 17716: 17710: 17694: 17690: 17686: 17680: 17672: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17654: 17650: 17646: 17642: 17638: 17631: 17629: 17627: 17607: 17600: 17594: 17587: 17582: 17566: 17562: 17556: 17549: 17544: 17537: 17532: 17525: 17520: 17514:, p. 14. 17513: 17508: 17492: 17488: 17487: 17482: 17476: 17460: 17456: 17455: 17450: 17446: 17440: 17424: 17420: 17414: 17398: 17394: 17390: 17384: 17368: 17364: 17360: 17354: 17338: 17334: 17330: 17324: 17317: 17312: 17310: 17290: 17283: 17277: 17261: 17257: 17256: 17251: 17245: 17238: 17233: 17226: 17221: 17219: 17211: 17200: 17198:9780671793760 17194: 17190: 17185: 17184: 17175: 17168: 17157: 17155:9780761476313 17151: 17147: 17143: 17142: 17135: 17129:, p. 18. 17128: 17123: 17117:, p. 89. 17116: 17111: 17103: 17097: 17093: 17092: 17084: 17068: 17065:. June 1993. 17064: 17060: 17054: 17052: 17035: 17031: 17025: 17023: 17021: 17004: 17000: 16996: 16990: 16974: 16970: 16966: 16960: 16944: 16940: 16936: 16932: 16928: 16924: 16917: 16901: 16897: 16891: 16875: 16871: 16867: 16861: 16845: 16841: 16835: 16819: 16815: 16814: 16809: 16803: 16796: 16791: 16789: 16787: 16785: 16768: 16764: 16763: 16758: 16751: 16732: 16725: 16719: 16713:, p. 69. 16712: 16707: 16705: 16703: 16686: 16682: 16678: 16672: 16656: 16649: 16643: 16627: 16623: 16617: 16609: 16605: 16601: 16595: 16579: 16575: 16568: 16552: 16548: 16544: 16538: 16536: 16519: 16515: 16508: 16492: 16488: 16482: 16480: 16463: 16459: 16455: 16448: 16432: 16428: 16422: 16420: 16418: 16411:, p. 22. 16410: 16405: 16389: 16385: 16381: 16375: 16359: 16355: 16354: 16349: 16343: 16327: 16323: 16319: 16312: 16296: 16292: 16286: 16270: 16266: 16262: 16256: 16240: 16236: 16232: 16225: 16217: 16211: 16207: 16206: 16198: 16196: 16187: 16183: 16179: 16172: 16156: 16152: 16146: 16130: 16126: 16120: 16104: 16100: 16096: 16090: 16083: 16079: 16076: 16071: 16055: 16051: 16045: 16043: 16026: 16022: 16021: 16016: 16009: 15993: 15989: 15988: 15983: 15977: 15961: 15957: 15953: 15947: 15931: 15927: 15921: 15905: 15901: 15895: 15893: 15876: 15872: 15868: 15861: 15854: 15849: 15842: 15838: 15835: 15829: 15813: 15809: 15808: 15803: 15797: 15781: 15777: 15776: 15771: 15765: 15749: 15745: 15741: 15735: 15719: 15715: 15709: 15693: 15689: 15683: 15667: 15663: 15657: 15650: 15645: 15629: 15625: 15619: 15603: 15599: 15593: 15586: 15581: 15579: 15577: 15575: 15558: 15554: 15549: 15542: 15526: 15522: 15516: 15500: 15496: 15490: 15474: 15470: 15464: 15448: 15444: 15440: 15434: 15418: 15414: 15410: 15404: 15388: 15384: 15380: 15374: 15367: 15362: 15346: 15342: 15335: 15328: 15323: 15307: 15303: 15297: 15281: 15277: 15276:The Economist 15273: 15267: 15251: 15247: 15246:The Telegraph 15243: 15236: 15229: 15224: 15218:, p. 47. 15217: 15212: 15205: 15200: 15193: 15188: 15172: 15168: 15164: 15157: 15150: 15146: 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14237: 14231: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14201: 14185: 14181: 14177: 14176:"North Korea" 14171: 14155: 14151: 14147: 14141: 14125: 14121: 14117: 14111: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14093: 14087: 14080: 14075: 14059: 14055: 14051: 14045: 14038: 14033: 14017: 14013: 14009: 14003: 13987: 13983: 13979: 13973: 13954: 13950: 13943: 13937: 13918: 13914: 13907: 13901: 13885: 13881: 13877: 13871: 13869: 13861: 13856: 13840: 13836: 13832: 13831:"North Korea" 13826: 13810: 13806: 13805: 13800: 13794: 13792: 13775: 13771: 13767: 13761: 13754: 13750: 13749: 13744: 13743:public domain 13733: 13731: 13729: 13721: 13716: 13700: 13696: 13692: 13686: 13684: 13667: 13663: 13662: 13657: 13650: 13648: 13631: 13627: 13623: 13619: 13613: 13606: 13601: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13579: 13560: 13553: 13552: 13544: 13537: 13532: 13513: 13509: 13502: 13496: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13466: 13447: 13443: 13436: 13430: 13423: 13418: 13411: 13406: 13399: 13394: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13364: 13357: 13352: 13345: 13340: 13338: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13281: 13265: 13261: 13257: 13251: 13243: 13239: 13235: 13229: 13222: 13217: 13215: 13198: 13194: 13188: 13172: 13168: 13167: 13162: 13156: 13140: 13136: 13135: 13130: 13123: 13121: 13104: 13100: 13099: 13094: 13088: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13058: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13028: 13012: 13008: 13007: 13002: 12996: 12980: 12976: 12972: 12966: 12950: 12946: 12942: 12936: 12920: 12916: 12915: 12910: 12904: 12897: 12892: 12876: 12872: 12871:The Telegraph 12867: 12859: 12843: 12839: 12835: 12828: 12812: 12808: 12807:Bloomberg.com 12804: 12798: 12791: 12789: 12786:The DPRK has 12772: 12768: 12762: 12755: 12754: 12746: 12739: 12734: 12732: 12715: 12711: 12705: 12698: 12693: 12686: 12681: 12674: 12669: 12662: 12657: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12627: 12611: 12607: 12606: 12605:The Economist 12601: 12595: 12593: 12576: 12572: 12571: 12566: 12562: 12556: 12554: 12537: 12533: 12529: 12523: 12521: 12504: 12500: 12499: 12494: 12488: 12472: 12468: 12467: 12462: 12456: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12428: 12424: 12417: 12401: 12397: 12391: 12375: 12371: 12370: 12365: 12359: 12343: 12339: 12338: 12333: 12327: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12296: 12288: 12284: 12280: 12273: 12266: 12262: 12259: 12254: 12238: 12234: 12233: 12228: 12222: 12214: 12210: 12209: 12204: 12198: 12182: 12178: 12177: 12172: 12166: 12150: 12146: 12142: 12136: 12120: 12116: 12115: 12110: 12104: 12097: 12092: 12085: 12080: 12073: 12069: 12066: 12061: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12031: 12015: 12011: 12004: 11997: 11992: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11951: 11935: 11931: 11925: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11895: 11879: 11875: 11868: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11837: 11821: 11817: 11816: 11811: 11805: 11789: 11785: 11781: 11775: 11759: 11755: 11751: 11745: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11715: 11699: 11695: 11688: 11672: 11668: 11664: 11658: 11642: 11638: 11637: 11632: 11626: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11596: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11565: 11549: 11545: 11541: 11535: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11504: 11488: 11484: 11480: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11464: 11461:(2): 94–101. 11460: 11456: 11452: 11445: 11430: 11429:Graduate Blog 11426: 11419: 11403: 11399: 11395: 11389: 11383: 11379: 11376: 11370: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11325: 11317: 11301: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11284: 11268: 11265:(in French). 11264: 11257: 11241: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11223: 11207: 11203: 11202: 11197: 11191: 11172: 11165: 11158: 11156: 11139: 11135: 11134: 11129: 11121: 11105: 11101: 11100: 11095: 11088: 11081: 11064: 11057: 11050: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11019: 11003: 10999: 10993: 10977: 10973: 10969: 10962: 10946: 10945: 10940: 10934: 10927: 10922: 10914: 10908: 10904: 10903: 10895: 10888: 10883: 10876: 10871: 10864: 10859: 10852: 10847: 10840: 10835: 10819: 10815: 10809: 10802: 10798: 10795: 10790: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10760: 10753: 10740: 10736: 10735: 10730: 10726: 10720: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10689: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10663: 10657: 10651: 10644: 10639: 10623: 10620:(in Korean). 10619: 10618: 10613: 10604: 10588: 10584: 10583: 10578: 10571: 10555: 10551: 10547: 10540: 10533: 10528: 10521: 10516: 10509: 10505: 10500: 10494: 10489: 10482: 10477: 10470: 10465: 10463: 10455: 10450: 10443: 10431: 10427: 10426: 10425:The Economist 10421: 10415: 10408: 10396: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10382: 10381:Brooke, James 10376: 10369: 10356: 10352: 10348: 10344: 10338: 10331: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10304: 10289: 10288: 10283: 10276: 10268: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10249: 10242: 10229: 10225: 10221: 10214: 10198: 10195:(in Korean). 10194: 10193:www.law.go.kr 10190: 10182: 10175: 10170: 10154: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10138: 10131: 10126: 10119: 10114: 10098: 10094: 10090: 10084: 10082: 10065: 10061: 10060: 10055: 10049: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10019: 10003: 9999: 9998: 9993: 9986: 9970: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9953: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9927: 9924:. Pyongyang: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9883: 9864: 9857: 9851: 9849: 9832: 9828: 9824: 9818: 9809: 9793: 9789: 9788: 9783: 9776: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9746: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9716: 9714: 9697: 9693: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9670: 9654: 9651:(in Korean). 9650: 9646: 9633: 9617: 9613: 9612: 9607: 9601: 9585: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9568: 9552: 9548: 9547: 9542: 9535: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9492: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9472: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9416: 9400: 9396: 9390: 9374: 9370: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9351: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9300: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9269: 9261: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9202: 9183: 9176: 9169: 9161: 9154: 9138: 9134: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9093: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9043: 9039: 9033: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9002: 8986: 8982: 8975: 8968: 8965: 8961: 8958: 8953: 8937: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8920: 8918: 8901: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8885: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8852: 8836: 8832: 8825: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8795: 8779: 8775: 8768: 8752: 8748: 8741: 8725: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8709: 8707: 8690: 8686: 8685: 8680: 8676: 8670: 8654: 8650: 8649: 8644: 8637: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8611: 8604: 8596: 8590: 8586: 8579: 8572: 8567: 8560: 8555: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8534: 8526: 8524: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8505: 8500: 8493: 8487: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8450: 8446: 8439: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8417: 8416: 8408: 8401: 8395: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8367: 8359: 8353: 8349: 8348: 8340: 8338: 8329: 8323: 8319: 8318: 8310: 8303: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8278: 8271: 8263: 8261:0-8166-0345-6 8257: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8240: 8231: 8225:, p. XV. 8224: 8219: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8176: 8174: 8166: 8160: 8158: 8150: 8145: 8137: 8131: 8127: 8126: 8118: 8111: 8106: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8069: 8062: 8057: 8049: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8023: 8016: 8011: 8004: 7999: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7978:Lewy, Guenter 7973: 7966: 7961: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7942: 7941: 7935: 7929: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7899: 7898: 7889: 7882: 7877: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7826: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7805: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7745: 7737: 7736: 7728: 7720: 7713: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7682: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7649: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7613: 7605: 7599: 7595: 7590: 7589: 7580: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7541: 7535: 7531: 7526: 7525: 7516: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7489: 7485: 7478: 7470: 7464: 7460: 7455: 7454: 7445: 7437: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7413: 7405: 7399: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7381: 7373: 7367: 7363: 7356: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7305: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7293: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7272:"Early Korea" 7267: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7234: 7226: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7202: 7194: 7188: 7184: 7179: 7178: 7169: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7137: 7129: 7124: 7122: 7113: 7105: 7101: 7094: 7078: 7074: 7067: 7065: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7036: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7003: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6973: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6941: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6916: 6900: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6889:"Korea North" 6884: 6868: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6852: 6833: 6826: 6825: 6818: 6816: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6781: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6744: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6536: 6527: 6517: 6512: 6502: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6454: 6436: 6418: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6365: 6364:atheist state 6359: 6355: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6314: 6311: 6300: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6257: 6252: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6214:1972 Olympics 6211: 6207: 6203: 6198: 6196: 6195:Dennis Rodman 6192: 6191:national team 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6125: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6089:beef rib soup 6086: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6012: 6008:North Korean 6006: 6001: 5997: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5948:Uriminzokkiri 5945: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5936:Rodong Sinmun 5932: 5928: 5924: 5923:Freedom House 5920: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5892:The Interview 5888: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5763: 5761: 5750: 5747:performed by 5733: 5725: 5709: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5610: 5609:Erich Kästner 5606: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5579: 5574: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5527: 5521: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5450:Japanese rule 5444: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5425: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5384: 5381: 5375: 5371: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5250:kindergartens 5247: 5243: 5236: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5191:Buddhism and 5189: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5130: 5126: 5125:atheist state 5118: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5088: 5087:(1418–1450). 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5053:Seoul dialect 5050: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4968: 4967:North Pyongan 4965: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4917:South Pyongan 4915: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4866: 4865:South Pyongan 4863: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4849:North Pyongan 4847: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4832: 4831:South Pyongan 4829: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4730: 4729:South Pyongan 4727: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4674:South Pyongan 4672: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4544: 4543: 4537: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4428:walled garden 4424: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4386:Moon missions 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3972: 3967: 3959: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3935:Michael Kirby 3932: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3861: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3831:The state of 3824: 3815: 3799: 3783: 3767: 3751: 3735: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3642: 3639:(the highest 3638: 3637:Central Court 3634: 3630: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3471: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3355: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3337:In May 2017, 3335: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3322: 3317: 3316:Lee Myung-bak 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3268:, April 2018. 3267: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3123:United States 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3004: 3001: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2861: 2859: 2858:North Pyongan 2856: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2842: 2840: 2839:South Pyongan 2837: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2720: 2712: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2696: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2677: 2676:North Pyongan 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2636:South Pyongan 2632: 2627: 2622: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2503:According to 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2489: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2456:and European 2455: 2451: 2447: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2387: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2170: 2161: 2156: 2150: 2141: 2137: 2132: 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A 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1900:hydrogen bomb 1897: 1893: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1847:Sergei Shoigu 1843: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1523: 1521: 1520:Joseph Stalin 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480:38th parallel 1477: 1473: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401:Korean Empire 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389:Unified Silla 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1371:According to 1366: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1321: 1312: 1304: 1300: 1290: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1257: 1254:, one of the 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1119:reunify Korea 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:38th parallel 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1025:Korean Empire 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001:first kingdom 998: 994: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 919: 916: 914: 910: 907: 904: 902: 901:ISO 3166 code 898: 895: 892: 890: 886: 882: 880: 876: 868: 864: 858: 854:yyyy년 mm월 dd일 850: 849: 847: 843: 839: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 814: 810: 806: 800: 796: 790: 786: 780: 776: 772: 766: 762: 756: 752: 748: 742: 738: 734: 730: 724: 715: 709: 705: 696: 690: 687: 683: 679: 673: 669: 665: 659: 656: 652: 648: 644: 641: 635: 631: 625: 621: 618: 612: 608: 605: 599: 595: 592: 586: 582: 579: 573: 569: 566: 560: 556: 553: 547: 543: 540: 534: 530: 527: 526:Korean Empire 521: 517: 513: 507: 503: 499: 493: 489: 486: 480: 476: 473: 467: 463: 459: 456: 450: 446: 443: 439: 436: 433: 429: 425: 422: 419: 416: 410: 407: 404: 401: 397: 391: 388: 385: 382: 378: 372: 369: 366: 363: 359: 353: 349: 346: 343: 339: 336: 333: 330: 328: 324: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 307: 305: 301: 294: 292: 288: 286: 282: 280: 276: 274: 270: 269: 267: 260: 257: 254: 252: 248: 244: 240: 237: 233: 228: 199: 196: 189: 183: 179: 163: 158: 154: 153: 147: 143: 137: 136: 124: 120: 114: 108: 100: 94: 86: 79: 71: 63: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 23640: 23458:Cook Islands 23364: 23110:Baranya–Baja 23079:Soviet Union 23059:East Germany 22903: 22757:Burkina Faso 22377: 22370: 22355:Bansenshūkai 22353: 22120:Rainy season 21897:unrecognized 21724: 21551: 21489:Korean drama 21451:Korean sword 21302:Demographics 20963: 20671: / 20660: / 20656: / 20613: / 20611:Later Baekje 20609: / 20593: / 20577: / 20573: / 20569: / 20553: / 20549: / 20545: / 20541: / 20525: / 20523:Wiman Joseon 20521: / 20517: / 20445: 20358: 20353: 20240: 20227: 20142:. 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Its 990: 974:Sea of Japan 960:rivers, and 956:(Amnok) and 944:and borders 933: 929: 925: 924: 913:Internet TLD 889:Calling code 865: / 797:$ 16 billion 793:• Total 763:$ 40 billion 759:• Total 662:• Total 557:1 March 1919 518:17 July 1392 462:mythological 415:SPA Chairman 342:totalitarian 312:North Korean 145: 122: 40: 38:(1945–1946). 23683:North Korea 23662: / 23580:recognition 23563:recognition 23517:recognition 23441:recognition 23424:recognition 23402:GA observer 23353:recognition 23093:Short-lived 22950:Short-lived 22919:South Yemen 22904:North Korea 22864:Afghanistan 22581:New Zealand 22576:Netherlands 22210:Archaeology 22102:Environment 21967:Calligraphy 21811:in Sakhalin 21767:Han Chinese 21730:South Korea 21725:North Korea 21600:Korean Wave 21446:(wrestling) 21371:Korean name 20997:South Korea 20957:Secretariat 20871:North Korea 20682:South Korea 20591:Later Silla 20519:Gija Joseon 20451:South Korea 20446:North Korea 20378:DPRK Portal 20302:North Korea 20252:North Korea 20235:‹ The 20224:North Korea 20015:18 February 19943:Asia Policy 19570:20 December 19478:20 December 18286:1 September 18114:28 February 17852:18 November 16933:(1): 7–36. 16547:News.com.au 16409:French 2007 16245:18 December 16015:"Academies" 15966:18 December 15228:French 2007 14064:18 February 13705:13 December 13270:18 February 13177:12 December 13017:8 September 12925:13 December 12817:26 December 12398:. Reuters. 11981:26 December 11884:28 February 11794:20 November 11306:18 November 11212:3 September 11144:13 December 11133:Yonhap News 11110:20 February 11039:18 December 11008:18 December 10951:19 November 10926:Martin 2004 10863:Martin 2004 10745:20 December 10660:"Review of 10504:Martin 2004 10293:10 February 10234:10 February 10070:11 February 10038:11 February 9649:News1 Korea 9218:(1): 5978. 9048:9 September 8983:. Reuters. 8814:19 December 8784:24 November 8757:24 November 8494:. ABC-CLIO. 8302:French 2007 7836:Vietnam War 7569:24 February 6982:data.un.org 6927:www.cia.gov 6841:29 November 6506:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 6496:조선민주주의인민공화국 6324:Asia portal 6237:Men's 62 kg 6218:Los Angeles 6179:Ivory Coast 6085:gray mullet 6038:dishes and 5797:Tchaikovsky 5678:immortality 5664:concept of 5498:'s list of 5242:2008 census 5205:Catholicism 5167:, 1.5% are 5149:irreligious 4574:2008 Census 4443:Red Star OS 4401:fiber-optic 4333:network of 4309:nanoscience 4116:aquaculture 3878:labor camps 3874:reeducation 3860:observers. 3658:labor camps 3563:paint, and 3339:Moon Jae-in 3262:Moon Jae-in 3242:South Korea 3236:Moon Jae-in 3075:South Korea 3064:Soviet Bloc 2829:Provinces ( 2823:Waudo-guyok 2804:Rajin-guyok 2748:Chung-guyok 2694:South Korea 2530:Kim Yo-jong 2452:similar to 2335:Kim Tok Hun 2309:pluralistic 2155:Kim Tok Hun 2131:Kim Jong Un 2081:within the 1945:Kim Jong-un 1923:Moon Jae-in 1896:Kim Jong Un 1832:rogue state 1796:Nordpolitik 1777:Kim Jong Il 1613:Vietnam War 1464:Kim Il Sung 1443:Kim Il Sung 1397:King Gojong 1331:North Korea 1307:조선민주주의인민공화국 1135:around the 1093:Kim Il Sung 1051:, with the 962:South Korea 926:North Korea 845:Date format 431:Legislature 421:Pak In-chol 387:Kim Tok Hun 368:Kim Jong Un 273:no religion 222: / 182:South Korea 55:조선민주주의인민공화국 23677:Categories 23659:40°N 127°E 23551:membership 23451:membership 23205:Tarnobrzeg 23130:Bessarabia 23084:Yugoslavia 22807:Seychelles 22802:Mozambique 22797:Madagascar 22720:Vietnamese 22715:Venezuelan 22705:Nicaraguan 22700:Melanesian 22617:Venezuela 22529:Kuomintang 22522:since 1978 22492:Bangladesh 22468:By country 22462:by country 22385:Yi Sun-sin 22220:Bronze Age 22157:Capitalism 22082:Typography 22077:Television 22047:Philosophy 22032:Mādhyamaka 22027:Literature 21982:Sinosphere 21902:historical 21471:Korean art 21240:(currency) 21179:Jangmadang 21164:(currency) 20662:Korean War 20503:Chronology 20144:14 October 20088:1 November 19851:1078879745 19831:. Boston: 19172:19 January 18900:19 January 18348:Asia Times 17950:11 January 16949:14 January 16394:15 October 16364:7 February 15818:25 October 15754:25 October 15744:EJ Insight 15165:(Report). 14868:14 January 14542:kcna.co.jp 14448:31 October 14418:31 October 14408:AP Archive 14386:31 October 14353:31 October 14314:31 October 14282:31 October 14220:12 October 14190:12 October 13300:20 October 13203:11 October 12840:. London. 12509:17 January 12477:17 January 12285:. London. 12074:– NY Times 11764:11 October 11524:25 October 11232:www.gov.bw 11099:Al Jazeera 10887:Myers 2011 10875:Myers 2011 10851:Myers 2011 10839:Myers 2011 10824:22 January 10593:20 October 10401:31 October 10361:31 October 10324:31 October 10203:25 October 10028:Al Jazeera 9918:"Preamble" 9902:8 February 9872:17 October 9590:16 October 9557:20 January 9461:31 October 9435:31 October 9310:BioScience 9112:25 January 9082:25 January 8991:11 January 8942:18 January 8695:6 November 8659:16 October 8626:18 January 8559:Jager 2013 8515:Parameters 8384:21 January 8061:Jager 2013 7948:. p. 7905:. p. 7638:10 October 7594:85–87, 155 7315:Segye Ilbo 7256:9 February 7128:Wikisource 6992:12 October 6873:17 October 6804:8 December 6771:References 6634:, p. 6486:Korea, DPR 6375:Including 6231:broke the 6229:Kim Un-guk 6145:gymnastics 6137:basketball 6080:raengmyeon 6075:Okryu-gwan 5973:newspaper 5971:right-wing 5931:newspapers 5801:Stravinsky 5781:segments. 5779:recitative 5760:media help 5611:, and the 5567:Literature 5555:, and the 5516:Korean art 5514:See also: 5428:See also: 5262:Heuristics 5134:Open Doors 5081:Chosŏn'gŭl 4475:See also: 4451:user shell 4435:Kwangmyong 4358:spaceports 4108:fertilizer 4066:jangmadang 3706:See also: 3648:penal code 3621:Chosŏn'gŭl 3605:See also: 3500:including 3368:See also: 3158:Xi Jinping 3026:The close 2701:Yellow Sea 2605:Chosŏn'gŭl 2581:See also: 2536:The song " 2464:Kim family 2237:Kim family 2222:Kim family 1996:Yellow Sea 1880:See also: 1851:Korean War 1536:See also: 1532:Korean War 1526:Korean War 1470:After the 1232:See also: 1220:, and the 1177:healthcare 1137:Kim family 1069:Korean War 1047:along the 970:Yellow Sea 721:24,052,231 686:Population 327:Government 304:Demonym(s) 295:0.5% other 23738:Republics 23624:relations 23612:relations 23585:relations 23568:relations 23546:relations 23534:relations 23522:relations 23475:relations 23463:relations 23446:relations 23429:relations 23382:relations 23370:relations 23358:relations 23341:relations 23329:relations 23317:relations 23163:1939–1940 23118:1918–1919 22887:1982–1992 22882:1979–1992 22877:1975–1979 22873:Cambodia 22848:Nicaragua 22780:1987–1991 22775:1974–1987 22771:Ethiopia 22710:Tanzanian 22591:Sri Lanka 22534:Hong Kong 22517:Communist 22480:Australia 22475:Argentina 22460:Socialism 22301:CrossAsia 22288:Education 22042:Mythology 22022:Languages 22002:Festivals 21950:Taiwanese 21857:Ryukyuans 21772:subgroups 21691:Hong Kong 21670:East Asia 21349:Koreatown 20952:Politburo 17888:5 October 17615:5 January 17429:6 January 17403:6 January 17316:Boer 2019 17298:6 January 17225:Boer 2019 16939:1551-2789 16182:Space.com 15956:NK Briefs 15881:9 January 15479:16 August 15312:15 August 15049:9 October 14692:"Economy" 14556:17 August 14483:8 October 14343:0261-3077 14240:The Times 13193:"Defense" 12955:2 October 12838:The Times 12435:0362-4331 12155:4 October 11971:0362-4331 11904:USA Today 11857:2 October 11677:11 August 11647:11 August 11493:19 August 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2364:Stalinist 2340:ministers 2216:(WPK), a 2195:one-party 2099:Pyongyang 2000:Korea Bay 1952:Geography 1773:dissolved 1752:Panmunjom 1436:Pyongyang 1428:Manchuria 1411:in 1910. 1242:The name 1228:Etymology 1181:education 1077:ceasefire 1031:into the 986:Pyongyang 938:East Asia 879:Drives on 827:Time zone 783:(nominal) 460:2333 BC ( 335:one-party 285:Shamanism 279:Chondoism 262:Religion 198:Pyongyang 23215:Würzburg 23190:Naissaar 23154:Finland 23114:Bavaria 23052:Slovakia 23037:Bulgaria 22967:Far East 22914:Mongolia 22826:Americas 22690:European 22621:Chavismo 22586:Pakistan 22408:Printing 22341:Military 22225:Iron Age 22139:Politics 22087:Yogācāra 22072:Surnames 22052:Religion 21962:Buddhism 21940:Japanese 21867:Tibetans 21838:in China 21828:Mongolic 21806:in Japan 21801:in China 21784:Japanese 21720:Mongolia 21701:Mainland 20861:Politics 20567:Goguryeo 20510:Gojoseon 20393:Archived 20381:Archived 20369:Archived 20344:Archived 20328:Archived 20315:Archived 20297:BBC News 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