516:, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader,
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the economic situation many
Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.
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673:, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards
795:, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by
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plan, however the Greek
Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000
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715:, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."
776:(UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President
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662:, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.
595:, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The
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925:. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the
439:, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.
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will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of
Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.
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722:, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and
505:) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.
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Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of
National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that
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Greek
Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step
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was deployed in the streets. Greek
Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both
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A week after the failed referendum the
Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of
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Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which
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that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the
Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With
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was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both
Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the
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had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek
Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a
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Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force
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The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them, since although they made up 77.1% of the island's population, had lived on the island for over 3,000 years, and paid 92.5% of Direct & Indirect and 94% of Income taxes, the new constitution
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in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and
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By the mid-1950s, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it
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by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The
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The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.
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By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish
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forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The
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for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus
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Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to
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killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the
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any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.
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UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from
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of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "
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and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.
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called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed
844:. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup. The
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After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned
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Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr.
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on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of
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The trade of the Turkish community had considerably declined during the period, due to the existing situation, and unemployment reached a very high level as approximately 25,000 Turkish Cypriots had become
371:, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by
367:, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to
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and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".
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was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."
572:, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British
349:, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for
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resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General
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to Turkish Cypriots, who made up 18.2% of the island's population, who had lived on the island for just under 400 years, and paid 7.5% of Direct & Indirect and 5% of Income taxes.
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On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or
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stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The
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In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent
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replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both
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An independent and comprehensive website dedicated to the Cyprus conflict, containing a detailed narrative as well as documents, reports and eye-witness accounts.
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In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into
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in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.
568:. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of
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that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper
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The Inter-State Application under the European Convention on Human Rights: Between Collective Enforcement of Human Rights and International Dispute Settlement
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1496:"Cyprus Critical History Archive: Reconsidering the culture of violence in Cyprus, 1955-64 | What Greeks and Turks contribute to the government revenue"
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partition of the island. This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr.
359:) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with
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Crawshaw, Nancy. The Cyprus revolt : an account of the struggle for union with Greece. London : Boston : G. Allen & Unwin, 1978.
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307:, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under
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Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a
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of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974
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Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
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840:. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of
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was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a
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2227:"Power-sharing and its discontents: Dysfunctional constitutional arrangements and the failure of the Annan plan for a reunified Cyprus"
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on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.
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in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The
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The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the
494:, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.
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Sachenko, Daria (2012). The Making of Informal States: Statebuilding in Northern Cyprus and Transdniestria. Palgrave Macmillan.
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contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two military bases in
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began looking for a way to extricate Britain from the situation. To this end, the Eden ministry resolved to temper demands for
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681:". Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing
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to publicly express their support for Turkish-Cypriot cause, which they estimated would ensure the issue would not reach the
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During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the
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However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the
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By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming
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Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to
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overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve
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341:, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or
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played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the
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In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the
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had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to
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United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the
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408:, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (
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collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed.
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An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as
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has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
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Lindley, Dan (2007). "Historical, Tactical, and Strategic Lessons from the Partition of Cyprus".
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Turkey and the European Union: Domestic Politics, Economic Integration and International Dynamics
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Apeyitou, Elena (2010). "Turkish-Cypriot nationalism: its history and development (1571–1960)".
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As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that
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in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox
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467:. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in
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became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the
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Ioannou, G., n.d. The Normalisation of Cyprus' Partition Among Greek Cypriots. p.27.
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The Property Rights of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: Beyond Restitution
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Detailed information on Cyprus, covering the various phases of the Cyprus conflict.
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2453:"Ethnic Conflict in Cyprus and the Contact Hypothesis: An Empirical Investigation"
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The Making of Informal States: Statebuilding in Northern Cyprus and Transdniestria
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Hatay, Bryant, M, B (2015). "Turkish Perceptions of Cyprus: 1948 to the Present".
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Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.
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218:
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1144:
754:
and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.
517:
241:
5245:
4826:
4809:
4804:
4674:
4273:
4201:
3920:
3789:
3738:
3728:
3297:
3203:
3126:
3003:
2603:
833:
619:
561:
316:
308:
293:
265:
30:
2242:
1409:
1318:"T'NİN KURULUŞ TARİHİ HAKKINDA KKTC'DE YANLIŞ OLUŞAN KAMUSAL/TOPLUMSAL HAFIZA"
959:
acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.
5276:
5198:
4896:
4628:
4313:
3971:
3659:
2443:
2330:
2322:
2250:
2089:
2011:
1955:
849:
765:
wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The
731:
553:
363:. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then
346:
320:
229:
2167:
1495:
665:
The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The
4595:
4497:
4156:
3669:
3366:
2132:
1802:"REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN CYPRUS"
1257:
Fighting EOKA: The British Counter-Insurgency Campaign on Cyprus, 1955-1959
796:
666:
652:
584:
448:
396:
in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.
360:
355:(partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see
2181:
2114:
The road to Bellapais : the Turkish Cypriot exodus to northern Cyprus
860:, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.
642:
5259:
4717:
4669:
4664:
4393:
4375:
4223:
2147:
1690:
1468:
Arif Hasan Tahsin. "He Anodos Tou _Denktas Sten Koryphe". January, 2001.
1392:
Arif Hasan Tahsin. "He Anodos Tou _Denktas Sten Koryphe". January, 2001.
592:
2112:
3799:
2631:
2097:
2065:
1110:
963:
955:
804:
537:
368:
1459:
Anthony Eden, 2005. Memoirs, Full Circle, Cassell, London 1960, p.400.
3697:
2149:
The EU and conflict resolution : promoting peace in the backyard
1759:
1590:
David Hannay, 2005. Cyprus the search for a solution. I.B Tauris, p.3
1485:
David Hannay, 2005. Cyprus the search for a solution. I.B Tauris, p.2
735:
443:
2081:
1736:
The road to Bellapais: the Turkish Cypriot exodus to northern Cyprus
1102:
891:
747:". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.
337:
The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for
5072:
5012:
3702:
3609:
1426:
791:
Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at
785:
38:
3549:
3095:
1408:'Denktash admits Turks initiated Cyprus intercommunal violence':
1164:
Dr. Fazil Küçük, 1957. The Cyprus Question: A permanent solution.
857:
812:
792:
723:
491:
468:
388:
66:
5262:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
996:
Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict
587:, now set independence for the island as his primary objective.
4354:
3818:
3756:
3580:
3434:
3198:
3193:
3147:
2741:
1304:
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nde Tören, Bayram ve Anma Günleri
1179:
304:
273:
247:
236:
199:
157:
149:
132:
112:
105:
62:
1200:
Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
769:
reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.
560:
in Greece and Cyprus by encouraging the Turkish government of
382:, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.
292:. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the
4403:
2383:
Coufoudakis, Van. "Cyprus the Referendum and its Aftermath".
2287:
Coufoudakis, Van. "Cyprus the Referendum and its Aftermath".
2272:
Coufoudakis, Van. "Cyprus the Referendum and its Aftermath".
2205:
Coufoudakis, Van. "Cyprus the Referendum and its Aftermath".
1637:
New Trends in Turkish Foreign Affairs: Bridges and Boundaries
693:
towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.
583:
was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop
2698:
Membership of Northern Cyprus in international organizations
2307:"Public Attitudes Towards Peace: The Greek-Cypriot Position"
1785:
1783:
1089:
Camp, Glen D. (1980). "Greek-Turkish Conflict over Cyprus".
3439:
3429:
1669:"Her şey buradan başladı [Everything started here]"
1228:"Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger"
781:
549:
342:
323:, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.
127:
2488:
Report s/5950 (10 September 1964) by the Secretary-General
1908:. British-Northern Cyprus Parliamentary Group. p. 15.
435:
EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but
1790:
Report S/5950 (10 September 1964), page 48, paragraph 180
1780:
898:
under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.
1281:
1279:
1277:
643:
Proposed constitutional amendments and the Akritas plan
3268:
1167:
1123:
Copeaux, Etienne, Aedelsa TUR. Taksim Chypre divisee.
5308:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe
2300:
2298:
811:
The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964,
2354:"Contested migration and settler politics in Cyprus"
1763:
United Nations Peacekeeping in the Post-Cold War Era
1274:
5303:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia
2220:
2218:
2216:
1753:
1693:, US Library of Congress, retrieved on 25 May 2012.
1007:
630:allocated 30% of the public sector jobs and 40% of
399:
2450:
2295:
1343:Solomou, Emilios; Faustmann, Hubert, eds. (2010).
1185:
962:Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the
894:), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for
486:paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a
5040:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)
3445:Turkish Resistance Legion for the Movement Legion
2404:Keeping the Peace in the Cyprus Crisis of 1963–64
2000:"Gen. George Grivas Dies; Led Cyprus Underground"
1920:BBC On This Day. 1964: Guns fall silent in Cyprus
1019:
852:began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of
5274:
2213:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1633:
1342:
5193:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
1901:
1048:," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007.
1712:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 55–57.
784:allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the
4503:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
4340:
3565:
3111:
2724:
2527:
2451:Yildizian, Arax-Marie; Ehteshami, A. (2004).
2430:(2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 224–241.
1696:
1197:
16:Violence between ethnic communities in Cyprus
3488:Toumazou et al. v. Republic of Turkey et al.
2305:Georgiades, Savvas Daniel (September 2007).
1760:John Terence O'Neill; Nicholas Rees (2005).
1599:
1249:
1247:
1212:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
815:, reported the damage during the conflicts:
4356:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1895:
1726:
1410:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1tUGnWqw2M
1260:. Oxford University Press. pp. 258–9.
774:United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
345:. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander
264:involving the two main ethnic communities,
4347:
4333:
3572:
3558:
3118:
3104:
2731:
2717:
2534:
2520:
2304:
1739:. Social Science Monographs. p. 120.
37:
2976:
1367:
1244:
696:
552:campaign against British rule began, the
5239:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
4753:
2506:Library of Congress Cyprus Country Study
2351:
2224:
2110:
1732:
1347:. Nicosia: University of Nicosia Press.
1334:
4912:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
2421:
2382:
2286:
2271:
2204:
1683:
1515:
1173:
832:The situation worsened in 1967, when a
685:(partition) the best safeguard against
660:thirteen amendments to the constitution
5275:
3308:Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre
2352:Loizides, Neophytos (September 2011).
2117:. Boulder: Social Science Monographs.
1829:
1253:
1031:
780:, anxious to avoid a conflict between
649:13 Amendments proposed by Makarios III
637:
420:
4328:
3553:
3099:
2712:
2515:
2400:
2145:
1634:Salomon Ruysdael (1 September 2002).
1441:The Outbreak of Communal Strife, 1958
1025:
1013:
871:
543:
2550:Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus
2066:"Greek-Turkish Conflict over Cyprus"
2063:
1856:
1766:. Taylor & Francis. p. 81.
1606:. Taylor & Francis. p. 67.
1088:
326:
3579:
3392:Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus
3153:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
3061:Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement
1807:. United Nations. 10 September 1964
1518:"Cyprus: Two Nations in One Island"
1301:
905:
13:
5149:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
4574:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
4048:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
3125:
3087:Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2481:
2424:International Studies Perspectives
2225:Moulakis, Athanasios (July 2007).
1982:: Cyprus - Intercommunal Violence
1295:
14:
5349:
4986:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
4212:Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus
2594:Relations with the European Union
2493:
827:
284:division of the island along the
5024:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
3817:
3382:History of nationality in Cyprus
3216:
2774:
2740:
2577:
2543:
2436:10.1111/j.1528-3585.2007.00282.x
2401:James, Alan (28 November 2001).
917:Turkish invasion and peace talks
400:Causes of intercommunal violence
246:
235:
223:
212:
192:
156:
142:
121:
104:
5206:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
5175:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
4929:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
3450:Turkish Resistance Organisation
3404:Embargo against Northern Cyprus
2376:
2345:
2280:
2265:
2198:
2174:
2139:
2104:
2057:
2033:
2024:
1992:
1973:
1948:
1923:
1912:
1886:
1877:
1850:
1823:
1794:
1661:
1627:
1593:
1584:
1562:
1539:
1509:
1488:
1479:
1462:
1453:
1434:
1414:
1402:
1386:
1361:
1328:
1310:
1220:
1191:
991:Turkish Resistance Organisation
940:Security Council Resolution 367
566:United Nations Security Council
503:Turkish Resistance Organisation
357:Turkish Resistance Organisation
5313:Civil wars of the 20th century
3238:Cypriot intercommunal violence
2689:List of diplomatic missions of
1186:Yildizian & Ehteshami 2004
1158:
1133:
1117:
1082:
1071:
1055:
734:entered the Nicosia suburb of
520:, admitted on British channel
262:Cypriot intercommunal violence
24:Cypriot intercommunal violence
1:
4976:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
4617:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3293:Battle of Pentemili beachhead
1600:Ali Carkoglu (1 April 2003).
1430:(in Turkish). 9 January 1995.
1001:
299:
5180:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
5167:Turkish involvement in Syria
5051:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
4882:Political violence in Turkey
4816:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
4723:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence
4602:Italian bombing of Palestine
4564:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
4513:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
3056:Cyprus in the European Union
2674:London and Zurich Agreements
2370:10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.08.004
1931:"Κύπρος: Η τουρκική εισβολή"
1640:. iUniverse. pp. 299–.
1498:. Ccha-ahdr.info. 2012-08-06
803:, and UN-appointed mediator
490:, the Tahtakale district of
260:Several distinct periods of
7:
4432:Turkish War of Independence
4416:Unification of Saudi Arabia
3158:Declaration of Independence
2747:Foreign relations of Cyprus
2070:Political Science Quarterly
1671:. Havadis. 21 December 2014
1091:Political Science Quarterly
979:
726:. A force of Greek Cypriot
319:with the employment of the
10:
5354:
5318:Ethnicity-based civil wars
5097:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
5091:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
5080:Balochi insurgency in Iran
5056:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
4892:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
4887:Islamist uprising in Syria
4865:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
4754:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
4640:Kurdish separatism in Iran
4559:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
3840:Cities, towns and villages
3171:United Nations Buffer Zone
2394:
1422:"Denktaş'tan şok açıklama"
1345:Colonial Cyprus: 1878–1960
952:Turkish Republic of Cyprus
912:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
909:
875:
700:
646:
424:
290:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
272:, marked mid-20th century
85:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
5255:
5218:
5123:
5064:
5004:
4937:
4855:Black September in Jordan
4847:
4746:
4690:
4587:
4531:
4485:
4362:
4286:
4254:
4192:
4132:
4069:
4060:
4003:
3994:
3901:
3892:
3835:
3826:
3815:
3721:
3683:
3655:Achaemenid Persian Empire
3635:
3600:
3591:
3497:
3458:
3412:
3341:
3225:
3214:
3184:
3140:
3133:
3084:
3048:
3032:
3012:
2996:
2880:
2809:
2783:
2772:
2753:
2666:
2640:
2602:
2586:
2575:
2556:
2407:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
2311:Journal of Peace Research
2243:10.1080/00263200701348854
2111:Oberling, Pierre (1982).
1863:. Routledge. p. 51.
1830:Risini, Isabella (2018).
1733:Oberling, Pierre (1982).
1709:Cyprus: A Troubled Island
1706:Borowiec, Andrew (2000).
1516:Stephen, Michael (1987).
1446:January 11, 2016, at the
1368:Isachenko, Daria (2012).
452:in Cyprus and in Turkey.
205:
96:
45:
36:
28:
23:
4957:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
4952:1980 Turkish coup d'état
4771:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
4703:1953 Iranian coup d'état
4698:1952 Egyptian revolution
4426:1919 Egyptian revolution
4409:Mount Lebanon starvation
3512:Annan reunification Plan
3372:List of UNSC resolutions
3260:1974 Cypriot coup d'état
3165:Turkish Cypriot enclaves
2684:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
2323:10.1177/0022343307080856
2146:Tocci, Nathalie (2007).
1902:Michael Stephen (1997).
1892:Daily Express 28.12.1963
986:Modern history of Cyprus
878:1974 Cypriot coup d'état
457:Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot
79:1974 Cypriot coup d'état
5186:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
5034:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
5029:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
4839:1966 Syrian coup d'état
4766:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
4607:Allied invasion of Iraq
4554:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)
4477:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
4074:Cypriot nationality law
3397:Enclaved Greek Cypriots
3331:2018 Cyprus gas dispute
3270:Turkish invasion (1974)
3243:Bloody Christmas (1963)
1986:8 November 2004 at the
1302:Emircan, Mehmet Salih.
801:U.S. Secretary of State
703:Bloody Christmas (1963)
624:Commonwealth of Nations
618:On 15 August 1960, the
488:Turkish Cypriot enclave
5131:2011 Bahraini uprising
5115:South Yemen insurgency
4996:Abu Nidal's executions
4981:1986 Damascus bombings
4760:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
4612:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4382:Middle Eastern theatre
3770:Intercommunal violence
3620:Cypro-Minoan syllabary
3020:Diplomatic missions of
2617:1974 Greek coup d'état
2612:Intercommunal violence
2587:Multilateral relations
2468:Cite journal requires
2231:Middle Eastern Studies
2064:Camp, Glen D. (1980).
1937:(in Greek). 2022-07-20
1836:. BRILL. p. 117.
1372:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1254:French, David (2015).
1232:The SHAFR Guide Online
697:Intercommunal violence
603:allowed for two small
510:British Prime Minister
501:(later renamed to the
206:Commanders and leaders
4971:South Yemen civil war
4870:Shatt al-Arab clashes
4795:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
4784:North Yemen civil war
4733:1958 Iraqi revolution
4660:1948 Arab–Israeli War
4654:Arab–Israeli conflict
4523:Sheikh Said rebellion
4387:Battle of Robat Karim
3775:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3326:Maritime-zone dispute
3176:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2679:Turkish Cypriot State
2622:1974 Turkish invasion
2152:. London: Routledge.
1857:Smit, Anneke (2012).
1450:The Guardian, London.
1141:"cyprus-conflict.net"
671:Polycarpos Georkadjis
613:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
406:Notre Dame University
276:. These included the
5110:Fatah–Hamas conflict
5046:Operation Desert Fox
5019:1991 Iraqi uprisings
5013:Gulf War (1990–1991)
4924:Grand Mosque seizure
4902:Yemenite War of 1979
4860:Yemenite War of 1972
4800:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
4790:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
4544:Ahmed Barzani revolt
4455:Turkish–Armenian War
4234:Settlers from Turkey
4184:World Heritage Sites
3795:Cypriot S-300 crisis
2872:United Arab Emirates
1883:The Times 04.01.1964
1078:David French, p. 255
927:Greek military Junta
412:for Greek Cypriots,
5258:This list includes
5226:2021 Beirut clashes
5086:2004 Qamishli riots
4963:Turkey–PKK conflict
4919:1979 Qatif Uprising
4738:1959 Mosul uprising
4728:1958 Lebanon crisis
4675:1973 Yom Kippur War
4646:Iran crisis of 1946
4634:Al-Wathbah uprising
4624:1943 Barzani revolt
4518:Great Syrian Revolt
4498:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
4421:Simko Shikak revolt
3645:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3467:Apostolides v Orams
3278:Military operations
3253:Civilian casualties
2557:Bilateral relations
2500:Cyprus-Conflict.net
2358:Political Geography
1905:The Cyprus Question
1569:The Cyprus Conflict
1546:The Cyprus Conflict
923:Treaty of Guarantee
638:Crisis of 1963–1964
632:security force jobs
597:Treaty of Guarantee
455:On 22 October 1957
421:Crisis of 1955–1959
5323:Sectarian violence
4907:Iranian Revolution
4876:Lebanese Civil War
4822:1948 Palestine war
4569:1935 Yazidi revolt
4460:Franco-Turkish War
4028:Telecommunications
3751:Post-1878 overview
3524:Two-state solution
3481:Loizidou v. Turkey
3377:Demographic issues
3248:Battle of Tillyria
3148:Republic of Cyprus
3071:Politics of Cyprus
2693:in Northern Cyprus
2658:Peacekeeping force
2004:The New York Times
1574:2008-07-24 at the
1557:The Main Narrative
1551:2007-02-17 at the
1044:2009-10-28 at the
931:The Resolution 353
872:Greek Cypriot coup
707:Battle of Tillyria
601:Treaty of Alliance
544:Republic of Cyprus
533:Royal Horse Guards
508:In June 1958, the
404:Lindley Dan, from
380:Governor of Cyprus
5270:
5269:
4493:Franco-Syrian War
4450:Greco-Turkish War
4438:Anglo-Turkish War
4404:Assyrian genocide
4399:Armenian genocide
4370:Italo-Turkish War
4322:
4321:
4282:
4281:
4246:Maronite Cypriots
4241:Armenian Cypriots
4094:COVID-19 pandemic
4056:
4055:
3990:
3989:
3977:Political parties
3943:Foreign relations
3888:
3887:
3813:
3812:
3734:Cyprus Convention
3665:Ptolemaic dynasty
3650:Ten city-kingdoms
3625:Cypriot syllabary
3547:
3546:
3420:9 September Front
3362:Enosis referendum
3316:
3315:
3212:
3211:
3093:
3092:
2992:
2991:
2706:
2705:
2414:978-1-4039-0089-0
2385:The Cyprus Review
2289:The Cyprus Review
2274:The Cyprus Review
2207:The Cyprus Review
2159:978-0-415-41394-7
1956:"The 1967 crisis"
1773:978-0-7146-8489-5
1647:978-0-595-24494-2
1613:978-0-7146-8335-5
1337:The Cyprus Review
778:Lyndon B. Johnson
574:Foreign Secretary
258:
257:
178:9 September Front
92:
91:
5345:
5232:Israel–Hamas war
5159:Syrian civil war
5142:Sinai insurgency
5103:2006 Lebanon War
4778:Dhofar Rebellion
4713:Cyprus Emergency
4708:Jebel Akhdar War
4680:1982 Lebanon War
4670:1967 Six-Day War
4579:Dersim rebellion
4539:Ararat rebellion
4443:Al-Jazeera Front
4349:
4342:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4302:
4295:
4219:Turkish Cypriots
4067:
4066:
4001:
4000:
3899:
3898:
3833:
3832:
3821:
3780:Turkish invasion
3693:Byzantine Cyprus
3598:
3597:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3517:2004 referendums
3474:Cyprus v. Turkey
3266:
3265:
3233:Cyprus Emergency
3220:
3186:Guarantor powers
3141:Island divisions
3138:
3137:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3076:Cypriot diaspora
2974:
2973:
2778:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2581:
2548:
2547:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2477:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2456:
2447:
2418:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2182:"Resolution 367"
2178:
2172:
2171:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
1996:
1990:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1703:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1580:The Akritas Plan
1566:
1560:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1520:. Archived from
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1272:
1271:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1143:. Archived from
1137:
1131:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1059:
1053:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
969:Turkish settlers
906:Turkish invasion
713:Bloody Christmas
620:Colony of Cyprus
609:Turkish military
514:Harold Macmillan
427:Cyprus Emergency
376:Sir John Harding
313:Church of Cyprus
278:Cyprus Emergency
270:Turkish Cypriots
251:
250:
240:
239:
228:
227:
226:
217:
216:
215:
198:
196:
195:
161:
160:
148:
146:
145:
126:
125:
124:
109:
108:
47:
46:
41:
21:
20:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5338:1970s conflicts
5333:1960s conflicts
5328:1950s conflicts
5293:1970s in Cyprus
5288:1960s in Cyprus
5283:1950s in Cyprus
5273:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5251:
5214:
5136:Egyptian Crisis
5119:
5060:
5000:
4933:
4843:
4832:Second Intifada
4742:
4686:
4583:
4549:Simele massacre
4527:
4508:Adwan Rebellion
4481:
4358:
4353:
4323:
4318:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4278:
4250:
4188:
4128:
4119:Public holidays
4052:
3986:
3926:Northern Cyprus
3884:
3822:
3809:
3717:
3679:
3675:Diaspora revolt
3631:
3587:
3578:
3548:
3543:
3539:2015–2017 talks
3529:2008–2012 talks
3493:
3454:
3408:
3337:
3312:
3303:Tochni massacre
3283:Military losses
3264:
3221:
3208:
3180:
3129:
3124:
3094:
3089:
3080:
3044:
3028:
3008:
2988:
2972:
2876:
2805:
2779:
2770:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2707:
2702:
2662:
2636:
2598:
2582:
2573:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2496:
2484:
2482:Further reading
2469:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2415:
2397:
2392:
2381:
2377:
2350:
2346:
2303:
2296:
2285:
2281:
2270:
2266:
2223:
2214:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2082:10.2307/2149584
2062:
2058:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2014:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1988:Wayback Machine
1980:Country Studies
1978:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1828:
1824:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1704:
1697:
1691:Country Studies
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1576:Wayback Machine
1567:
1563:
1559:, by Keith Kyle
1553:Wayback Machine
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1448:Wayback Machine
1439:
1435:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1333:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1300:
1296:
1284:
1275:
1268:
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1236:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1122:
1118:
1103:10.2307/2149584
1087:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1046:Wayback Machine
1036:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1016:, pp. 3–5.
1012:
1008:
1004:
982:
914:
908:
880:
874:
854:Ayios Theodoros
830:
709:
701:Main articles:
699:
655:
647:Main articles:
645:
640:
546:
480:Turkish Cypriot
437:Georgios Grivas
429:
423:
402:
335:
302:
253:Daniş Karabelen
245:
244:
234:
224:
222:
221:
219:Georgios Grivas
213:
211:
193:
191:
190:
155:
143:
141:
140:
122:
120:
103:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5351:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5298:Cyprus dispute
5295:
5290:
5285:
5268:
5267:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5246:Red Sea crisis
5242:
5235:
5228:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5145:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5076:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5008:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4991:Mecca massacre
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4954:
4949:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4827:First Intifada
4824:
4812:
4810:1964 Hama riot
4807:
4805:Aden Emergency
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4352:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4329:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4202:Greek Cypriots
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:hybrid variant
4086:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4023:Stock Exchange
4020:
4015:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3931:UN resolutions
3928:
3921:Cyprus dispute
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:Cyprus dispute
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3739:British Cyprus
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Operation Niki
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3204:United Kingdom
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3127:Cyprus problem
3123:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3049:Related topics
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3004:Cyprus dispute
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2968:United Kingdom
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2898:Czech Republic
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2641:United Nations
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2604:Cyprus dispute
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2494:External links
2492:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2470:|journal=
2448:
2419:
2413:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2375:
2364:(7): 391–401.
2344:
2317:(5): 573–586.
2294:
2279:
2264:
2237:(4): 531–556.
2212:
2197:
2173:
2158:
2138:
2123:
2103:
2056:
2045:www.kypros.org
2032:
2023:
2006:. 1974-01-28.
1991:
1972:
1947:
1922:
1911:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1869:
1849:
1842:
1822:
1793:
1779:
1772:
1752:
1746:978-0880330008
1745:
1725:
1718:
1695:
1689:Eric Solsten,
1682:
1660:
1646:
1626:
1612:
1592:
1583:
1561:
1538:
1527:on 3 July 2007
1508:
1487:
1478:
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1452:
1433:
1413:
1401:
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1378:
1360:
1353:
1327:
1309:
1294:
1273:
1266:
1243:
1219:
1190:
1178:
1176:, p. 239.
1166:
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1116:
1081:
1070:
1054:
1030:
1018:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
993:
988:
981:
978:
910:Main article:
907:
904:
876:Main article:
873:
870:
846:National Guard
834:military junta
829:
828:Crisis of 1967
826:
825:
824:
698:
695:
644:
641:
639:
636:
562:Adnan Menderes
545:
542:
425:Main article:
422:
419:
401:
398:
334:
325:
317:Ottoman Empire
301:
298:
294:Cyprus dispute
288:following the
266:Greek Cypriots
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232:
208:
207:
203:
202:
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185:
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71:
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61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
34:
33:
31:Cyprus problem
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5350:
5339:
5336:
5334:
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5329:
5326:
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5321:
5319:
5316:
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5309:
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5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
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5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
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5254:
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5243:
5241:
5240:
5236:
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5233:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5199:Yemeni crisis
5197:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
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5063:
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5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4946:Iran–Iraq War
4943:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4897:NDF Rebellion
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
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3711:
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2801:United States
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2169:
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2134:
2130:
2126:
2124:0-88033-000-7
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2067:
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2046:
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2027:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1907:
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1880:
1872:
1870:9781136331435
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1843:9789004357266
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1474:9963-7738-6-9
1471:
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1398:9963-7738-6-9
1395:
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1379:9780230392069
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1371:
1364:
1356:
1354:9789963634897
1350:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1306:. p. 80.
1305:
1298:
1292:
1291:0-04-940053-3
1288:
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1267:9780191045592
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1233:
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1147:on 2007-02-04
1146:
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1129:2-915033-07-2
1126:
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1074:
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1067:9780230392069
1064:
1058:
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1028:, pp. 6.
1027:
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850:Cyprus Police
847:
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768:
764:
763:Daily Express
760:
755:
753:
748:
746:
740:
737:
733:
732:Nikos Sampson
729:
725:
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704:
694:
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554:Eden ministry
551:
541:
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529:
527:
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519:
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444:British Crown
440:
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428:
418:
415:
411:
407:
397:
395:
391:
390:
383:
381:
377:
374:
373:Field Marshal
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:
348:
347:George Grivas
344:
340:
333:
329:
324:
322:
321:millet system
318:
314:
310:
306:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
254:
249:
243:
238:
233:
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230:Nikos Sampson
220:
210:
209:
204:
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189:
188:Supported by:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
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159:
153:
151:
139:
138:Supported by:
134:
131:
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119:
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114:
107:
101:
100:
95:
86:
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68:
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52:
49:
48:
44:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
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5156:
5147:
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5039:
5011:
4961:
4944:
4874:
4814:
4782:
4758:
4652:
4638:
4596:World War II
4594:
4430:
4374:
4269:Coat of arms
4194:Demographics
4038:Trade unions
3948:Human rights
3911:Constitution
3805:EU accession
3769:
3762:
3755:
3729:Ottoman rule
3670:Roman Cyprus
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3367:Akritas plan
3354:
3348:
3321:S-300 crisis
3237:
3134:Participants
3033:Multilateral
2667:Other topics
2611:
2461:cite journal
2427:
2423:
2403:
2384:
2378:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2314:
2310:
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2273:
2267:
2234:
2230:
2206:
2200:
2189:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2148:
2141:
2113:
2106:
2076:(1): 43–70.
2073:
2069:
2059:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1975:
1964:. Retrieved
1962:. 2015-11-20
1959:
1950:
1939:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1914:
1904:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1859:
1852:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1809:. Retrieved
1796:
1762:
1755:
1735:
1728:
1708:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1636:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1602:
1595:
1586:
1579:
1564:
1556:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1490:
1481:
1464:
1455:
1436:
1425:
1416:
1404:
1388:
1369:
1363:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1322:ResearchGate
1321:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1256:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:
1222:
1208:cite journal
1199:
1193:
1188:, p. 4.
1181:
1174:Lindley 2007
1169:
1160:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:the original
1135:
1119:
1097:(1): 43–70.
1094:
1090:
1084:
1073:
1057:
1033:
1021:
1009:
974:
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916:
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841:
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797:Dean Acheson
790:
771:
766:
762:
758:
756:
749:
741:
717:
710:
691:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:Akritas plan
664:
656:
653:Akritas plan
628:
617:
589:
585:Makarios III
580:
578:
569:
557:
547:
530:
525:
518:Rauf Denktaş
507:
496:
473:
464:
460:
454:
449:British Army
441:
434:
430:
413:
409:
403:
387:
384:
364:
361:Cretan Turks
350:
338:
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331:
327:
309:British rule
303:
281:
261:
259:
242:Rauf Denktaş
187:
162:
154:
137:
110:
102:
97:Belligerents
77:
65:, mainly in
18:
5260:World War I
4718:Suez Crisis
4665:Suez Crisis
4394:Arab Revolt
4376:World War I
4224:Linobambaki
4008:Agriculture
3953:LGBT rights
3855:Earthquakes
3698:Arab Empire
3615:Eteocypriot
3602:Prehistoric
2653:Buffer zone
1811:17 December
1052:2009-10-31.
935:Buffer Zone
799:, a former
593:Fazil Kucuk
528:in Turkey.
394:Fazil Küçük
378:, the then
5277:Categories
4164:Literature
3916:Corruption
3800:Annan Plan
3534:2014 talks
3425:Black Gang
3288:Air combat
2984:Yugoslavia
2977:Historical
2822:Bangladesh
2648:Green Line
2632:Annan Plan
2191:2022-05-16
2050:2022-05-16
2017:2023-04-16
1966:2023-04-16
1941:2023-04-16
1935:Πεμπτουσία
1502:2017-03-29
1237:2024-02-02
1151:2007-11-12
1026:James 2001
1014:James 2001
1002:References
964:Annan plan
956:Kofi Annan
805:Galo Plaza
745:Green Line
728:irregulars
548:After the
538:Kondemenos
476:Black Gang
369:Nihat Erim
300:Background
286:Green Line
183:Black Gang
4084:Education
4079:Languages
4043:Transport
3982:President
3938:Elections
3870:Mountains
3850:Districts
3828:Geography
3744:Governors
3167:(1963–64)
3065:NN States
3024:in Cyprus
2862:Palestine
2842:Indonesia
2444:1528-3577
2331:0022-3433
2259:145461086
2251:0026-3206
2186:unscr.com
2090:0032-3195
2012:0362-4331
1818:refugees.
1653:17 August
1619:17 August
946:Aftermath
759:The Times
736:Omorphita
474:In 1957,
417:problem.
53:1959–1974
5073:Iraq War
4309:Category
4229:diaspora
4207:diaspora
4124:Religion
3960:Military
3894:Politics
3880:Wildlife
3785:Refugees
3703:Crusades
3685:Medieval
3585:articles
3507:ABC plan
3459:Lawsuits
3387:Refugees
3342:Politics
3013:Missions
2997:Disputes
2888:Bulgaria
2784:Americas
2627:Refugees
2387:: 74–75.
2339:73374351
2276:: 68–72.
2168:76800662
2041:"Treaty"
1984:Archived
1675:28 March
1572:Archived
1549:Archived
1444:Archived
1427:Milliyet
1050:Archived
1042:Archived
980:See also
858:Kophinou
786:Cold War
767:Guardian
752:enclaves
526:Milliyet
282:de facto
167:militias
115:militias
58:Location
29:Part of
4465:Revolts
4293:Outline
4256:Symbols
4152:Cuisine
4134:Culture
4114:Poverty
4062:Society
4033:Tourism
3996:Economy
3860:Islands
3845:Climate
3708:Kingdom
3637:Ancient
3610:Alasiya
3593:History
2923:Ireland
2913:Germany
2903:Denmark
2893:Croatia
2857:Lebanon
2832:Georgia
2817:Armenia
2761:Algeria
2395:Sources
2133:8911512
2098:2149584
1960:UNFICYP
1531:9 April
1476:page 38
1202:: 7–18.
1111:2149584
821:looting
813:U Thant
793:Kokkina
730:led by
724:Larnaca
492:Nicosia
469:Nicosia
389:de jure
67:Nicosia
4314:Portal
4264:Anthem
4147:Cinema
4089:Health
4018:Energy
3972:Police
3875:Rivers
3764:Taksim
3757:Enosis
3722:Modern
3583:
3581:Cyprus
3435:EOKA-B
3356:Taksim
3350:Enosis
3226:Events
3199:Turkey
3194:Greece
2963:Sweden
2953:Serbia
2948:Russia
2943:Poland
2938:Norway
2928:Kosovo
2918:Greece
2908:France
2881:Europe
2852:Kuwait
2847:Israel
2796:Mexico
2791:Canada
2754:Africa
2564:Turkey
2442:
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2329:
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2010:
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1376:
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1289:
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1109:
1065:
1039:Cyprus
896:enosis
892:EOKA-B
885:enosis
866:enosis
842:enosis
838:enosis
687:enosis
683:taksim
679:enosis
675:enosis
581:enosis
570:enosis
558:enosis
499:Volkan
484:taksim
465:taksim
461:enosis
414:taksim
410:enosis
365:taksim
352:taksim
339:enosis
332:taksim
328:Enosis
305:Cyprus
274:Cyprus
200:Turkey
197:
165:taksim
150:Greece
147:
133:EOKA B
113:enosis
74:Result
63:Cyprus
5219:2020s
5124:2010s
5065:2000s
5005:1990s
4938:1980s
4848:1970s
4747:1960s
4691:1950s
4588:1940s
4532:1930s
4486:1920s
4363:1910s
4300:Index
4179:Sport
4174:Music
4169:Media
4098:Delta
4013:Banks
3965:Chief
3865:Lakes
2958:Spain
2933:Malta
2867:Qatar
2837:India
2827:China
2766:Egypt
2335:S2CID
2291:: 70.
2255:S2CID
2209:: 67.
2094:JSTOR
1805:(PDF)
1525:(TXT)
1107:JSTOR
605:Greek
4274:Flag
4157:Wine
4109:Name
4101:cron
4096:and
3440:PEKA
3430:EOKA
3353:and
3040:NATO
2810:Asia
2474:help
2440:ISSN
2409:ISBN
2327:ISSN
2247:ISSN
2164:OCLC
2154:ISBN
2129:OCLC
2119:ISBN
2086:ISSN
2008:ISSN
1865:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1813:2018
1768:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1677:2017
1655:2012
1642:ISBN
1621:2012
1608:ISBN
1533:2013
1470:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1214:link
1125:ISBN
1063:ISBN
856:and
848:and
782:NATO
705:and
651:and
607:and
550:EOKA
482:pro-
478:, a
463:and
343:EOKA
330:and
268:and
163:Pro-
128:EOKA
111:Pro-
50:Date
4142:Art
2432:doi
2366:doi
2319:doi
2239:doi
2078:doi
1341:in
1099:doi
720:TMT
522:ITV
173:TMT
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