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improvement in eye placement, and 15% improvement in both muzzle length and shape. The breeder would evaluate these characteristics on a scale of 1 to 10 and multiply by the weights. The formula would look something like: 15 (muzzle length) + 15 (muzzle shape) + 30 (eye placement) + 40 (eye shape) = total score for that animal. The breeder determines the lowest acceptable total score for an animal to be folded back into their breeding program. Animals that do not meet this minimum total score are culled from the breeding program.
158:
achieved, the breeder will focus on a second trait and cull based on that quality. With the tandem method, a minimum level of quality is set for important characteristics that the breeder wishes to remain constant. The breeder is focusing improvement in one particular trait without losing quality of the others. The breeder will raise the threshold for selection on this trait with each successive generation of progeny, thus ensuring improvement in this single characteristic of his breeding program.
127:... the rejection or removal of inferior individuals from breeding. The act of selective breeding. As used in the practice of breeding pedigree cats, this refers to the practice of spaying or neutering a kitten or cat that does not measure up to the show standard (or other standard being applied) for that breed. In no way does culling, as used by responsible breeders, signify the killing of healthy kittens or cats if they fail to meet the applicable standard.
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192:
evaluating an individual for selection, the breeder measures the traits on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the most desirable expression and 1 being the lowest. The scores are then multiplied by their weights and then added together to give a total score. Individuals that fail to meet a threshold are culled (or removed) from the breeding program. The total score gives a breeder a way to evaluate multiple traits on an animal at the same time.
536:
504:. The policy's objective was to protect users of the marine environment from fatal shark attack. Thousands of people protested against its implementation, claiming that it was indiscriminate, inhumane and worked against scientific advice the government had previously received. Seasonal setting of drum lines was abandoned in September 2014 after the program failed to catch any great white sharks, instead catching 172 other
162:
Progeny is first evaluated on the existing quality thresholds in place for muzzle length, muzzle shape, and eye placement with the additional criterion being improvement in eye shape. Any animal that does not meet this level of improvement in the eye shape while maintaining the other qualities is culled from the breeding program; i.e., that animal is not used for breeding, but is instead
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106:, meaning "to gather". The term can be applied broadly to mean partitioning a collection into two groups: one that will be kept and one that will be rejected. The cull is the set of items rejected during the selection process. The culling process is repeated until the selected group is of proper size and consistency desired.
145:
robustness, temperament, color preference, etc. The breeder takes all things into consideration when envisioning their ideal for the breed or goal of their breeding program. From that vision, selections are made as to which animals, when bred, have the best chance of producing the ideal for the breed.
683:
to female mammals (e.g. whitetail deer). The complex formed of GnRH and the
Gonacon molecule promotes production of antibodies against the animal's own GnRH, which themselves complex with GnRH. This encourages an extended duration of the drug's effects (namely, reduction of active/unbound GnRH in the
548:
that is imposed by hunting that creates smaller antler and body sizes in deer. People in favor of the culls recommend that they not be random and actively select for smaller individuals and bucks with smaller antlers, specifically "button bucks" or bucks with only spiked antler in their first year as
543:
The effectiveness of these deer culls has been debated and often criticized as only a temporary fix to the larger problem of deer overpopulation and argue that the use of culling will increase fertility of remaining deer by reducing competition. Those in favor of the culls argue that they can be used
295:
may be informally culled if they begin to excessively eat winter food set out for domestic cattle herds. In such instances the rancher will inform hunters that they may hunt on their property in order to thin the wild herd to controllable levels. These efforts are aimed to counter excessive depletion
228:
situation, the culling process involves the selection and selling of surplus stock. The selection may be done to improve breeding stockâfor example, for improved production of eggs or milkâor simply to control the group's population for environmental and species preservation. In order to increase the
148:
Breeders of pedigreed animals cull based on many criteria. The first culling criterion should always be health and robustness. Secondary to health, temperament and conformation of the animal should be considered. The filtering process ends with the breeder's personal aesthetic preferences on pattern,
199:
For example, a breeder is willing to make a smaller improvement in muzzle length and muzzle shape in order to have a moderate gain in improvement of eye placement and a more dramatic improvement in eye shape. Suppose the breeder determines that she would like to see 40% improvement in eye shape, 30%
182:
For example, a breeder has a view of what the minimum requirements for muzzle length, muzzle shape, eye placement, and eye shape they are breeding toward. The breeder will determine what the minimum acceptable quality for each of these traits will be for progeny to be folded back into their breeding
595:
Zoos sometimes consider female animals to be more desirable than males. One reason for this is that while individual males can contribute to the birth of many young in a short period of time, females give birth to only a few young and are pregnant for a relatively long period of time. This makes it
587:
to maintain a genetically viable population and prevent inbreeding. Animals that can no longer contribute to the breeding program are considered less desirable and are often replaced by more desirable individuals. If an animal is surplus to a zoo's requirements and a place in another zoo can not be
377:
Some bird species are culled when their populations impact upon human property, business or recreational activity, disturb or modify habitats or otherwise impact species of conservation concern. Cormorants are culled in many countries due to their impact on commercial and recreational fisheries and
157:
The Tandem Method is a form of selective breeding where a breeder addresses one characteristic of the animal at a time, thus selecting only animals that measure above a certain threshold for that particular trait while keeping other traits constant. Once that level of quality in the single trait is
287:
In the United States, hunting licenses and hunting seasons are a means by which the population of game animals is maintained. Each season, a hunter is allowed to kill a certain amount of wild animals, determined both by species and sex. If the population seems to have surplus females, hunters are
178:
This method measures several characteristics at once. Should progeny fall below the desired quality in any one characteristic being measured, it will not be used in the breeding program regardless of the level of excellence of other traits. With each successive generation of progeny, the minimum
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is threatened. However, the protection of biodiversity argument has been questioned by some animal rights advocates who point out that the animal which most greatly threatens and damages biodiversity is humanity, so if we are not willing to cull our own species we cannot morally justify culling
161:
For example, a breeder that is pleased with the muzzle length, muzzle shape, and eye placement in the breeding stock, but wishes to improve the eye shape of progeny produced may determine a minimum level of improvement in eye shape required for progeny to be returned into the breeding program.
531:
of most of their major predators in these areas. In response to these population booms, different management approaches have been taken to decrease their numbers mainly in the form of culls. Culls of deer are often partnered with exclusions with fencing and also administering contraceptives.
191:
The total score method is a selection method where the breeder evaluates and selects breeding stock based on a weighted table of characteristics. The breeder selects qualities that are most important to them and assigns them a weight. The weights of all the traits should add up to 100. When
688:
behind
Gonacon is sound, the need for multiple lifetime doses for full efficacy make it a less-guaranteed and less-permanent solution for wildlife than lethal culls. Even among domestic animals in controlled conditions, Gonacon cannot ensure 100% reduction in the occurrence of pregnancies.
144:
animals, both desirable and undesirable traits are considered when choosing which animals to retain for breeding and which to place as pets. The process of culling starts with examination of the conformation standard of the animal and will often include additional qualities such as health,
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174:
Independent levels is a method where any animal who falls below a given standard in any single characteristic is not used in a breeding program. With each successive mating, the threshold culling criteria are raised thus improving the breed with each successive generation.
481:'s shark-killing programâduring the same 30-year period, 2,211 turtles, 8,448 rays, and 2,310 dolphins were killed. Authorities on RĂ©union kill about 100 sharks per year. All of these culls have been criticized by environmentalists, who say killing sharks harms the
314:, adults are often targeted. Their orphaned young, easily captured and transported, are then relocated to other reserves. Culling is controversial in many African countries, but reintroduction of the practice has been recommended in recent years for use at the
296:
of the winter feed supplies. Other managed culling instances involve extended issuance of extra hunting licenses, or the inclusion of additional "special hunting seasons" during harsh winters or overpopulation periods, governed by state fish and game agencies.
660:
There are non-lethal alternatives which may still be considered culling, and serve the same purpose of reducing population numbers and selecting for desired traits without killing existing members of the population. These methods include the use of
57:, it is removing or segregating animals from a breeding stock based on a specific trait. This is done to exaggerate desirable characteristics, or to remove undesirable characteristics by altering the genetic makeup of the population. For
472:
in New South Walesâalso during this period, a total of 15,135 marine animals were caught and killed in the nets, including whales, turtles, rays, dolphins, and dugongs. From 2001 to 2018, a total of 10,480 sharks were killed on lethal
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Strickland, Bronson K.; Demarais, Stephen; Castle, Larry E.; Lipe, Jim W.; Lunceford, William H.; Jacobson, Harry A.; Frels, Don; Miller, Karl V. (2001). "Effects of
Selective-Harvest Strategies on White-Tailed Deer Antler Size".
692:
Reproductive inhibitors need not act on the parental individuals directly, instead damaging reproductive processes and/or developing offspring to reduce the number of viable offspring per mating pair. One such compound called
552:
Culling of deer can also have benefits in the form of disease prevention and in places that the white-tailed deer is an invasive species such as New
Zealand culling of deer has added benefits for native species. Diseases are
195:
The total score method is the most flexible of the three. it allows for weighted improvement of multiple characteristics. It allows the breeder to make major gains in one aspect while moderate or lesser gains in others.
349:. Hunting typically enforces selection towards unfavorable phenotypic traits because of the strong hunting bias for specific traits, such as large antler size. Culling "low-quality" traits can counteract this force.
247:
are males who would grow up to be roosters. These individuals have little use in an industrial egg-producing facility as they do not lay eggs, so the majority of male chicks are killed shortly after hatching.
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allowed to take more females during that hunting season. If the population is below what is desired, hunters may not be permitted to hunt that particular species, or only hunt a restricted number of males.
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1316:
637:, an American neuroscientist, concludes that both animals and humans have brains wired to feel emotions, and that animals have the capacity to experience pleasure and happiness from their lives.
390:
at ephemeral inland salt lake breeding sites in South
Australia. The gulls were culled using bread laced with a narcotic substance. In the Australian states of Tasmania and South Australia,
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are culled to limit damage to crops and the fouling of waterholes. Cape Barren Geese remain one of the rarest geese in the world, though much of their habitat is now regarded as secure.
665:
and reproductive inhibitors. By using such methods population numbers might be reduced more gradually and in a potentially more humane fashion than by directly lethal culling actions.
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Hewitt, David G.; Hellickson, Mickey W.; Lewis, John S.; Wester, David B.; Bryant, Fred C. (2014). "Age-related patterns of antler development in free-ranging white-tailed deer".
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possible to keep many females with just one or two males, but not the reverse. Another reason is that the birth of some animal species increases public interest in the zoo.
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420:) after severe depletion by sealers in the 1800s has brought them into conflict with the fishing industry. This has prompted members of Parliament to call for
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84:, culling is the sorting or segregation of fresh harvested produce into marketable lots, with the non-marketable lots being discarded or diverted into
424:. The State Government continues to resist the pressure and as of July 2015, the animals remain protected as listed Marine Mammals under the state's
34:
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527:) have been becoming an issue in suburbs across the United States due to large population increases. This is thought to be caused mainly by the
217:
bred for the production of meat or milk may be culled by farmers. Animals not selected to remain for breeding are sold, killed, or sent to the
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Husheer, Sean W.; Robertson, Alastair W. (2005). "High-intensity deer culling increases growth of mountain beech seedlings in New
Zealand".
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Nielsen, Clayton K.; Porter, William F.; Underwood, H. Brian (1997). "An
Adaptive Management Approach to Controlling Suburban Deer".
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program. Any animal that fails to meet the quality threshold for any one of these criteria is culled from the breeding program.
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Criteria for culling livestock and production animals can be based on population or production (milk or egg). In a domestic or
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Culling of farmed animals is considered a necessary practice to prevent the spread of damaging and fatal diseases such as
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644:âit has been argued that killing animals for any reason is cruel and unethical, and that animals have a right to live.
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However, culling can act as a selection force intentionally implemented by humans to counteract the selection force of
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1949:"Host culling as an adaptive management tool for chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer: A modelling study"
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421:
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Levy, Julie K.; Friary, John A.; Miller, Lowell A.; Tucker, Sylvia J.; Fagerstone, Kathleen A. (November 2011).
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cowsâconsidered to be inferiorâwith beef breed semen and by selling the produced offspring for meat production.
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deposition. They are culled by shooting and the smothering of eggs with oil. Another example is the culling of
260:
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or non-food processing activities. This usually happens at collection centres located at, or close to farms.
42:
2004:
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53:
is the process of segregating organisms from a group according to desired or undesired characteristics. In
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orders that zoo animals cannot be culled without verification by official veterinary institutes of the
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Ettema, J. F.; Thomasen, J. R.; HjortĂž, L.; Kargo, M.; Ăstergaard, S.; SĂžrensen, A. C. (May 1, 2017).
701:, and damages egg yolk formation to reduce the viability of clutches without harming the adult geese.
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Currently, wildlife contraceptives are largely in the experimental phase and include such products as
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based on their characteristics, such as their sex or species membership, or as a means of preventing
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Robinson, Roy; Carolyn M. Vella; Lorraine M. Shelton; John J. McGonagle; Terry W. Stanglein (1999).
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20:
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activists argue that killing animals for any reason (including hunting) is cruel and unethical.
233:, agricultural practices typically involve using the most productive animals as breeding stock.
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and decreases in the density of the deer populations through culling causes diseases, such as
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322:, which has experienced a swell in its elephant population since culling was banned in 1995.
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779:
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in
Queensland. In a 30-year period up to early 2017, more than 33,000 sharks were killed in
402:
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1960:
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1138:"Can Compensatory Culling Offset Undesirable Evolutionary Consequences of Trophy Hunting?"
8:
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1074:
Heusmann, H. W. (1999). "Special
Hunting Seasons and Resident Canada Goose Populations".
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331:
1964:
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468:. Between 1950 and 2008, 352 tiger sharks and 577 great white sharks were killed in the
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1981:
1948:
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1137:
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812:"Human-induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals"
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of a species. For example, culling based on specific traits, such as size, can enforce
115:
5101:
2278:"Long-term fertility control in female cats with GonaConâą, a GnRH immunocontraceptive"
500:
were to be set over several consecutive summers to catch and kill otherwise protected
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1986:
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1377:"Aggressive seals attacking rare birds, pelicans and fishing nets, SA fishermen warn"
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863:"Economic opportunities for using sexed semen and semen of beef bulls in dairy herds"
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and remove those traits from the population. This can have long-term effects on the
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quality of each characteristic is raised thus ensuring improvement of these traits.
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Wasserberg, Gideon; Osnas, Erik E.; Rolley, Robert E.; Samuel, Michael D. (2009).
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found, the animal may be killed. In 2014, the culling of a young, healthy giraffe
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1768:"The Demographic Consequences of Releasing a Population of Red Deer from Culling"
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Culling for population control is common in wildlife management, particularly on
85:
54:
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Coulson, Tim; Guinness, Fiona; Pemberton, Josephine; Clutton-Brock, Tim (2004).
620:, which is allowed when overcrowding compromises the well-being of the animals.
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2109:"Beantwoording vragen over fokken en doden van gezonde dieren in dierentuinen"
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Carolyn M. Vella, Lorraine M. Shelton, John J. McGonagle, Terry W. Stanglein,
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Hidden-surface determination § Culling and visible-surface determination
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414:, the recovery of the state's native population of New Zealand fur seals (
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2050:"Copenhagen zoo sparks outrage by killing healthy giraffe named Marius"
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Culling acts as a strong selection force and can therefore impact the
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1351:"Liberal MP campaigns to shoot 'booming' fur seal population in SA"
912:"Hatched, discarded, gassed: What happens to male chicks in the UK"
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vaccine which delivers a high dosage of a competitor ligand of the
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62:
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Department of
Primary Industries, Water and Environment (Tasmania)
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The Pig Who Sang to the Moon: The Emotional World of Farm Animals
1500:"Man who devoted life to sharks, killed off the coast of Reunion"
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26:"Cull" redirects here. For people with the surname "Cull", see
1618:. March 16, 2014. Archived from the original on March 16, 2014
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3179:
1688:"WA shark cull: 172 caught on drum lines off popular beaches"
1045:"Please Don't Feed The Elk: An Applied Management Experiment"
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77:
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1946:
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1533:"Queensland Government Kills Sharks, Faces Court Challenge"
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national parks. In the case of very large animals such as
860:
784:(Fourth ed.). Great Britain: Butterworth Heinemann.
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292:
3096:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
1824:
1822:
640:
Culling has been criticized on animal rights grounds as
2145:"Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice"
992:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
941:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
33:
For the rendering techniques in computer graphics, see
2365:
Brief description of South African culling controversy
2275:
1714:
1403:"South Australia National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972"
1015:"Trophy Hunting: Should We Kill Animals to Save Them?"
782:
Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians
761:
Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians
488:
In 2014, a controversial policy was introduced by the
133:
Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians
4615:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
1819:
325:
2228:Clarke, Paul A.B. and Linzey, Andrew (eds.). 1990.
2191:"S. Africa elephant culling splits wildlife groups"
452:Shark culling occurs in four locations as of 2018:
203:
2156:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
1653:"Australian shark-cull plan draws scientists' ire"
1804:20.500.11820/b36d587f-9c7a-4ca4-b8d9-6902c5f0fb87
697:has been formulated into bait for consumption by
386:in order to protect the chicks of the vulnerable
5235:
2475:List of international animal welfare conventions
1828:
1636:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4767:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
1135:
816:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
236:With dairy cattle, culling may be practised by
4198:
1857:"Deer culls stir debate in Detroit metro area"
1685:
616:In the UK, there is no general prohibition on
2390:
1559:"Shark nets â death traps for marine animals"
1408:. Parliament of South Australia. July 1, 2015
809:
733:, the selective breeding of human populations
2480:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1590:"Sharks: How a cull could ruin an ecosystem"
1197:"Why Sport Hunting Is Cruel and Unnecessary"
592:raised an international public controversy.
4442:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
4386:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2418:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
492:state government which became known as the
16:Process of segregating organisms in biology
2397:
2383:
2116:Ministry of Economic Affairs (Netherlands)
1743:"Mammalian Species Odocoileus virginianus"
1467:"Shark Nets: A tangled web of destruction"
988:"Avian Influenza: Questions & Answers"
775:
773:
771:
769:
655:
647:Some argue that culling is necessary when
565:, to spread less quickly and effectively.
4589:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
4526:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
1980:
1802:
1169:
1136:Mysterud, Atle; Bischof, Richard (2010).
1012:
878:
837:
827:
4647:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
2904:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1587:
1073:
534:
437:
401:
368:
41:
2495:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
2332:United States Department of Agriculture
2251:United States Department of Agriculture
2047:
2009:World Association of Zoos and Aquariums
1686:Bembridge, C.; Weber, D (May 7, 2014).
1650:
1616:"New measures to combat WA shark risks"
1013:Paterniti, Michael (October 15, 2018).
766:
5236:
2572:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
2083:"Pressemeddelelse - Girafglaede i Zoo"
2021:
1563:Humane Society International Australia
1437:Australian Marine Conservation Society
1254:
810:Allendorf, F. W.; Hard, J. J. (2009).
4783:Political Animals and Animal Politics
4587:
4371:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4296:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
4197:
3178:
2708:Concentrated animal feeding operation
2485:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
2440:Animal rights by country or territory
2416:
2378:
2360:Dictionary.com definition for Culling
1942:
1940:
1710:
1708:
1494:
1492:
1460:
1458:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1220:
1218:
1191:
1189:
1113:. Inter Press Service. Archived from
1108:
378:habitat modification for nesting and
186:
169:
4514:Animalist Party with the Environment
2801:Animal testing on non-human primates
2294:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.022
1464:
967:World Organisation for Animal Health
937:"Avian Flu: Questions & Answers"
909:
805:
803:
801:
716:Badger culling in the United Kingdom
427:National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972
291:Populations of game animals such as
243:Approximately half of the chicks of
109:
4938:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
3148:World Day for the End of Speciesism
2253:. November 18, 2019. Archived from
13:
5063:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
4406:United Activists for Animal Rights
4316:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
2455:Animal crueltyâHolocaust analogies
2334:. February 9, 2018. Archived from
2235:
2230:Political Theory and Animal Rights
2217:Cruelty to Animals: The Moral Debt
2176:Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff. 2004.
2048:Eriksen, Lars (February 9, 2014).
2005:"Conservation Breeding Programmes"
1937:
1883:The Journal of Wildlife Management
1705:
1556:
1489:
1455:
1420:
1255:Sexton, Mike (September 8, 2004).
1215:
1186:
1109:Nduru, Moyiga (December 5, 2005).
326:Arguments against wildlife culling
14:
5285:
4607:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
4567:Animal Rights National Conference
4490:Animal Protection Party of Canada
4447:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4301:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4226:American Anti-Vivisection Society
3705:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
2460:Animal rights in Indian religions
2450:Animal rights and punk subculture
2404:
2370:The Disposal of Spent Laying Hens
2353:
2219:. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
1257:"Seagulls cost cities 'millions'"
798:
5214:
5213:
4775:Animal Rights Without Liberation
4426:Voice for Animals Humane Society
3158:World Day for the End of Fishing
3153:World Day for Laboratory Animals
2583:Equal consideration of interests
2118:. March 25, 2014. Archived from
1973:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01576.x
1162:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01621.x
583:participate in an international
265:bovine spongiform encephalopathy
204:Livestock and production animals
152:
4496:Animal Justice Party of Finland
4381:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
3595:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
3183:(academics, writers, activists)
3076:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
2316:
2269:
2243:"GonaConâą New GnRH Single Shot"
2222:
2209:
2183:
2170:
2137:
2101:
2075:
2041:
2022:Parker, Ian (January 9, 2017).
2015:
1997:
1909:
1874:
1849:
1759:
1735:
1679:
1644:
1608:
1588:Schetzer, Alana (May 8, 2017).
1581:
1550:
1525:
1395:
1369:
1343:
1309:
1279:
1248:
1129:
1111:"Is 'Cull' a Four-Letter Word?"
1102:
1067:
1037:
910:Saul, Heather (March 5, 2015).
422:seal culling in South Australia
71:infectious disease transmission
4719:Animals, Property, and the Law
2796:Alternatives to animal testing
2465:Christianity and animal rights
2232:. Winchester, MA: Pluto Press.
1006:
980:
955:
929:
903:
854:
753:
575:List of animals culled in zoos
261:Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
1:
4356:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
3066:Cambridge University primates
2598:Ethics of uncertain sentience
2180:. New York: Ballantine Books.
1291:Flinders Island Hunting Tours
1142:The Journal of Animal Ecology
963:"Prevention and Control: OIE"
747:
684:animal's system). Though the
494:Western Australian shark cull
4416:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
2566:Argument from marginal cases
2024:"Killing Animals at the Zoo"
283:Nuisance wildlife management
91:
7:
4703:Morals, Reason, and Animals
4331:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4281:Anonymous for the Voiceless
2970:International primate trade
2445:Anarchism and animal rights
763:, Fourth Edition, page 212
704:
549:opposed to forked antlers.
270:
10:
5290:
4823:Making a Stand for Animals
4695:The Case for Animal Rights
4346:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4306:Cruelty Free International
4276:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
2806:Animal testing regulations
1953:Journal of Applied Ecology
627:
572:
445:
362:
280:
274:
207:
166:and placed in a pet home.
113:
100:comes from the Latin verb
65:, culling often refers to
32:
25:
18:
5209:
5182:
5129:
5079:
5019:
5012:
4978:The Ghosts in Our Machine
4833:
4815:Animal Ethics in the Wild
4598:
4594:
4583:
4559:
4470:
4434:
4251:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4218:
4211:
4207:
4193:
4030:
3754:
3747:
3550:William Hamilton Drummond
3492:
3201:
3192:
3188:
3174:
3135:
3114:
3053:
3003:
2945:
2917:
2909:Welfare of farmed insects
2854:
2786:
2678:
2671:
2536:Animalâindustrial complex
2503:
2427:
2423:
2412:
1919:Wildlife Society Bulletin
1717:Wildlife Society Bulletin
1665:10.1038/nature.2013.14373
1596:. University of Melbourne
1076:Wildlife Society Bulletin
623:
555:density dependent factors
433:
277:Animal population control
46:Drafting out culled sheep
5056:Journal of Animal Ethics
4922:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4311:Direct Action Everywhere
3720:Johann Heinrich Winckler
3665:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
3122:Direct Action Everywhere
2826:Huntingdon Life Sciences
2811:Labcorp Drug Development
2768:Feedback (pork industry)
2733:Intensive animal farming
2470:History of animal rights
1651:Cressey, Daniel (2013).
867:Journal of Dairy Science
496:. Baited hooks known as
397:
373:Double-crested cormorant
358:
21:Culling (disambiguation)
5191:Holocaust on your Plate
4962:An Apology to Elephants
4743:Do Animals Have Rights?
4679:Animals, Men and Morals
4655:Better-World Philosophy
4532:Italian Animalist Party
4411:United Poultry Concerns
4366:Last Chance for Animals
4261:Animal Liberation Front
4148:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
2638:Replaceability argument
2556:Animal-free agriculture
829:10.1073/pnas.0901069106
742:Feral cats in Australia
663:wildlife contraceptives
656:Non-lethal alternatives
602:Animal Welfare Act 1972
568:
559:chronic wasting disease
515:
229:frequency of preferred
67:killing removed animals
5164:Salvation of Innocents
4711:Zoos and Animal Rights
4286:Beauty Without Cruelty
4246:Animal Justice Project
3585:John Zephaniah Holwell
3239:Stephen St. C. Bostock
2816:Great ape research ban
2435:Animal rights movement
1537:The Maritime Executive
880:10.3168/jds.2016-11333
822:(Suppl 1): 9987â9994.
737:Experimental evolution
711:Australian feral camel
540:
539:White-tailed deer buck
525:Odocoileus virginianus
443:
417:Arctocephalus forsteri
407:
374:
253:foot-and-mouth disease
138:
47:
5183:Fairs and exhibitions
5070:The Animals' Defender
5042:Cahiers antispécistes
4970:Speciesism: The Movie
4791:Animal (De)liberation
4751:Striking at the Roots
4663:The Universal Kinship
4623:The Rights of Animals
4544:People Animals Nature
4538:Party for the Animals
4351:In Defense of Animals
4113:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
3505:David Renaud Boullier
3091:Silver Spring monkeys
2990:Wild animal suffering
2899:Pain in invertebrates
2738:Intensive pig farming
2628:Opposition to hunting
2593:Ethics of eating meat
2324:"Nicarbazin Research"
1263:. ABC. Archived from
1025:on September 21, 2017
538:
441:
405:
372:
363:Further information:
336:directional selection
281:Further information:
267:("mad cow disease").
125:
114:Further information:
45:
4799:Sentientist Politics
4727:The Lives of Animals
4478:Animal Justice Party
4291:Born Free Foundation
4128:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
4002:Wendy Turner-Webster
3715:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
2937:Recreational fishing
2778:Ventilation shutdown
2546:Animal protectionism
2526:Animal consciousness
2338:on February 22, 2020
2257:on February 22, 2020
2089:on February 22, 2014
1477:on February 22, 2020
1331:on February 22, 2020
1297:on February 27, 2015
1236:on September 9, 2017
1055:on February 22, 2020
630:Conservation (ethic)
406:New Zealand fur seal
316:Kruger National Park
19:For other uses, see
5223:( 139 )
5049:Etica & Animali
5035:Between the Species
4759:An American Trilogy
4452:Humanitarian League
4063:Frances Power Cobbe
3680:Arthur Schopenhauer
3675:Henry Stephens Salt
3555:Edward Payson Evans
3249:Stephen R. L. Clark
3106:War of the currents
2995:Wildlife management
2889:Pain in crustaceans
2884:Pain in cephalopods
2197:. November 29, 2005
1965:2009JApEc..46..457W
1895:2014JWMan..78..976H
1787:2004Ecol...85..411C
1692:ABC News, Australia
1317:"Cape Barren Goose"
1287:"Cape Barren Geese"
1267:on January 24, 2015
1203:. December 15, 2003
1154:2010JAnEc..79..148M
1019:National Geographic
994:. November 29, 2006
943:. November 29, 2006
332:population genetics
245:egg-laying chickens
140:In the breeding of
5264:Cruelty to animals
4986:Unlocking the Cage
4807:Wild Animal Ethics
4631:The Ethics of Diet
4508:Animalist Movement
4484:Animal Politics EU
4396:Sentience Politics
4022:That Vegan Teacher
3640:Siobhan O'Sullivan
3625:José Ferrater Mora
3434:Steve F. Sapontzis
2927:Commercial fishing
2879:Pain in amphibians
2869:Cruelty to animals
2841:Operation Backfire
2680:Animal agriculture
2588:Emotion in animals
2215:Brown, Les. 1988.
1569:on October 2, 2018
1506:. April 29, 2017.
1443:on October 2, 2018
546:selection pressure
541:
502:great white sharks
490:Western Australian
444:
408:
375:
187:Total score method
170:Independent levels
116:Selective breeding
48:
5269:Intensive farming
5231:
5230:
5224:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5172:Onward to Freedom
5140:Animal Liberation
5125:
5124:
4946:Forks Over Knives
4898:Peaceable Kingdom
4858:Shores of Silence
4850:A Cow at My Table
4735:Eternal Treblinka
4687:Animal Liberation
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4466:
4465:
4401:Uncaged Campaigns
4376:Mercy for Animals
4341:Great Ape Project
4256:Animal Liberation
4202:(groups, parties)
4189:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4088:Elizabeth Farians
3997:Christine Townend
3937:Heather Nicholson
3867:Brigitte GothiĂšre
3857:Antoine Goetschel
3743:
3742:
3404:Charles Patterson
3309:Gary L. Francione
3284:Josephine Donovan
3274:Daniel Dombrowski
3254:Alasdair Cochrane
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3049:
3048:
2980:Predation problem
2864:Animal euthanasia
2773:Foam depopulation
2608:Insects in ethics
1831:Wildlife Research
1755:on June 20, 2012.
1557:Morris, Jessica.
1465:Andersen, Julie.
1321:dpipwe.tas.gov.au
1049:extension.usu.edu
618:animal euthanasia
521:White-tailed deer
442:Great white shark
392:Cape Barren geese
365:Cormorant culling
342:of a population.
340:genetic diversity
135:, Fourth Edition
110:Pedigreed animals
5281:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5028:Animal Sentience
5017:
5016:
4882:Legally Blonde 2
4842:The Animals Film
4596:
4595:
4585:
4584:
4391:Rise for Animals
4216:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4195:
4194:
4058:Edith Carrington
3962:Craig Rosebraugh
3927:Virginia McKenna
3917:Jo-Anne McArthur
3847:Juliet Gellatley
3752:
3751:
3710:Mary Anne Warren
3650:Humphrey Primatt
3635:Edward Nicholson
3605:Charles R. Magel
3570:Thomas G. Gentry
3429:Richard D. Ryder
3369:Thomas Lepeltier
3199:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3176:
3175:
3143:World Animal Day
3101:Unnecessary Fuss
3061:Brown Dog affair
3031:Animals in sport
3021:Animal slaughter
3016:Animal sacrifice
2955:Culling wildlife
2758:Wildlife farming
2676:
2675:
2521:Animal cognition
2490:Total liberation
2425:
2424:
2414:
2413:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2288:(8): 1517â1525.
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2125:on July 14, 2014
2124:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2085:. Archived from
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1903:10.1002/jwmg.741
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1806:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1748:. Archived from
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1565:. Archived from
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1473:. Archived from
1462:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1439:. Archived from
1429:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1383:. April 24, 2015
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1327:. Archived from
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1293:. Archived from
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1232:. Archived from
1222:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1117:on July 28, 2006
1106:
1100:
1099:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1051:. Archived from
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1021:. Archived from
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
907:
901:
900:
882:
873:(5): 4161â4171.
858:
852:
851:
841:
831:
807:
796:
795:
777:
764:
757:
585:breeding program
483:marine ecosystem
136:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5197:
5178:
5121:
5102:Muutoksen kevÀt
5075:
5008:
4914:Behind the Mask
4829:
4639:Animals' Rights
4590:
4571:
4555:
4462:
4430:
4203:
4177:
4038:Cleveland Amory
4026:
3992:Darren Thurston
3987:Marianne Thieme
3842:Bruce Friedrich
3807:Joey Carbstrong
3792:Brigitte Bardot
3739:
3730:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3620:J. Howard Moore
3565:John Galsworthy
3545:Wilhelm Dietler
3488:
3484:Corey Lee Wrenn
3394:Martha Nussbaum
3304:Lawrence Finsen
3244:Paola Cavalieri
3219:Kristin Andrews
3194:
3184:
3162:
3131:
3110:
3045:
2999:
2941:
2913:
2874:Pain in animals
2850:
2782:
2748:Poultry farming
2667:
2499:
2419:
2408:
2403:
2356:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2020:
2016:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1945:
1938:
1914:
1910:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1843:10.1071/WR04006
1827:
1820:
1795:10.1890/03-0009
1770:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1713:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1680:
1649:
1645:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1433:"Shark culling"
1431:
1430:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1357:. June 30, 2015
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
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1103:
1072:
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1028:
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1011:
1007:
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986:
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971:
969:
961:
960:
956:
946:
944:
935:
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930:
920:
918:
916:The Independent
908:
904:
859:
855:
808:
799:
792:
778:
767:
758:
754:
750:
707:
658:
632:
626:
611:federated state
577:
571:
518:
454:New South Wales
450:
436:
412:South Australia
400:
367:
361:
328:
285:
279:
273:
212:
206:
189:
172:
155:
137:
131:
118:
112:
94:
86:food processing
55:animal breeding
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5259:Animal welfare
5256:
5251:
5249:Animal killing
5246:
5244:Animal culling
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5186:
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5180:
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5168:
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5144:
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5105:
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4958:
4950:
4942:
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4918:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4874:Meet Your Meat
4870:
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4854:
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4831:
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4811:
4803:
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4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4671:The New Ethics
4667:
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4556:
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4505:
4502:Animals' Party
4499:
4493:
4487:
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4474:
4472:
4468:
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4455:
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4358:
4353:
4348:
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4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4271:AnimaNaturalis
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4241:Animal Justice
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4213:
4205:
4204:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4173:Gretchen Wyler
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4103:Lewis Gompertz
4100:
4095:
4093:Emarel Freshel
4090:
4085:
4083:Muriel Dowding
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4017:Gary Yourofsky
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3932:Ingrid Newkirk
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3877:Charlotte Laws
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Yves Bonnardel
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3777:Martin Balluch
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Steven M. Wise
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:Bernard Rollin
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3630:Leonard Nelson
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3535:Herman Daggett
3532:
3527:
3525:Priscilla Cohn
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Jeremy Bentham
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Jessica Pierce
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Kyle Johannsen
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:David DeGrazia
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3209:Carol J. Adams
3205:
3203:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3081:Pit of despair
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:Abandoned pets
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
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2934:
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2923:
2921:
2915:
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2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2856:Animal welfare
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:Model organism
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2788:Animal testing
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2763:Working animal
2760:
2755:
2753:Slaughterhouse
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:Insect farming
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2688:Animal product
2684:
2682:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Sentiocentrism
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:Animal welfare
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2354:External links
2352:
2350:
2349:
2315:
2282:Theriogenology
2268:
2234:
2221:
2208:
2182:
2169:
2136:
2100:
2074:
2040:
2028:The New Yorker
2014:
1996:
1959:(2): 457â466.
1936:
1925:(2): 509â520.
1908:
1889:(6): 976â984.
1873:
1848:
1818:
1781:(2): 411â422.
1758:
1734:
1723:(2): 470â477.
1704:
1678:
1643:
1607:
1580:
1549:
1524:
1488:
1454:
1419:
1394:
1368:
1342:
1308:
1278:
1247:
1214:
1185:
1148:(1): 148â160.
1128:
1101:
1082:(2): 456â464.
1066:
1036:
1005:
979:
954:
928:
902:
853:
797:
790:
765:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
728:
718:
713:
706:
703:
657:
654:
625:
622:
570:
567:
544:to combat the
517:
514:
506:elasmobranchii
446:Main article:
435:
432:
399:
396:
360:
357:
347:trophy hunting
327:
324:
275:Main article:
272:
269:
219:slaughterhouse
205:
202:
188:
185:
171:
168:
154:
151:
129:
111:
108:
93:
90:
28:Cull (surname)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5286:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5254:Animal rights
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5220:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:Tame Yourself
5145:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5109:No Compromise
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4665:
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4657:
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4652:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:(3rd century)
4609:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4582:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4540:(Netherlands)
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
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4409:
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4399:
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4389:
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4364:
4362:
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4354:
4352:
4349:
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4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
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4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4266:Animal Rising
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Animal Ethics
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:Jessie Mackay
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:James Granger
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:Henry B. Amos
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Louise Wallis
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:Kim Stallwood
3975:
3973:
3972:Jasmin Singer
3970:
3968:
3967:Nathan Runkle
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:David Olivier
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
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3900:
3898:
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3885:
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3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:John Feldmann
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3812:Aymeric Caron
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3782:Carole Baskin
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
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3731:
3728:
3726:
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3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Laurids Smith
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:James Rachels
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:John Lawrence
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Brigid Brophy
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:Tatjana ViĆĄak
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:David Sztybel
3462:
3460:
3459:Cass Sunstein
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Mark Rowlands
3422:
3420:
3419:Evelyn Pluhar
3417:
3415:
3412:
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3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:Andrew Linzey
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Will Kymlicka
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:Dale Jamieson
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Valéry Giroux
3317:
3315:
3314:Robert Garner
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Sue Donaldson
3277:
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3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:J. M. Coetzee
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Tom Beauchamp
3222:
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3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3191:
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3159:
3156:
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3149:
3146:
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3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3127:Hunt sabotage
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:Methodologies
3113:
3107:
3104:
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3019:
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3009:
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2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
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2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:Hare coursing
2958:
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2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Chick culling
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2663:Vegetarianism
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
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2586:
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2581:
2579:
2576:
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2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Anthrozoology
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Animal ethics
2529:
2527:
2524:
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2519:
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2512:
2509:
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2502:
2496:
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2438:
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2433:
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2426:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2406:Animal rights
2400:
2395:
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2381:
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2377:
2371:
2368:
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2363:
2361:
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2279:
2272:
2256:
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2248:
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2238:
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2225:
2218:
2212:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2104:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1896:
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1322:
1318:
1312:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1230:Animal Ethics
1227:
1221:
1219:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
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1139:
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1116:
1112:
1105:
1097:
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1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1009:
993:
989:
983:
968:
964:
958:
942:
938:
932:
917:
913:
906:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
849:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
806:
804:
802:
793:
791:0-7506-4069-3
787:
783:
776:
774:
772:
770:
762:
756:
752:
743:
740:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
702:
700:
696:
690:
687:
686:endocrinology
682:
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
653:
650:
645:
643:
638:
636:
635:Jaak Panksepp
631:
621:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
603:
597:
593:
591:
586:
582:
576:
566:
564:
560:
556:
550:
547:
537:
533:
530:
526:
522:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
479:KwaZulu-Natal
476:
471:
467:
463:
462:KwaZulu-Natal
459:
455:
449:
448:Shark culling
440:
431:
429:
428:
423:
419:
418:
413:
404:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
371:
366:
356:
354:
353:Animal rights
350:
348:
343:
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333:
323:
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317:
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309:
305:
302:
297:
294:
289:
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278:
268:
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262:
258:
254:
249:
246:
241:
239:
234:
232:
227:
222:
220:
216:
211:
210:Chick culling
201:
197:
193:
184:
180:
176:
167:
165:
159:
153:Tandem Method
150:
146:
143:
134:
128:
124:
122:
117:
107:
105:
104:
99:
89:
87:
83:
79:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
5189:
5170:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5138:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4936:
4928:
4920:
4912:
4904:
4896:
4888:
4880:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4848:
4840:
4821:
4813:
4805:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4458:Oxford Group
4326:Every Animal
4219:Contemporary
4168:Andrew Tyler
4158:Nell Shipman
4098:André Géraud
4007:Jerry Vlasak
3982:Lynda Stoner
3957:Alex Pacheco
3892:Evanna Lynch
3887:Howard Lyman
3872:Wayne Hsiung
3832:Chris DeRose
3822:Rod Coronado
3755:Contemporary
3695:Thomas Tryon
3615:Mary Midgley
3610:Jean Meslier
3590:Soame Jenyns
3580:John Hildrop
3575:Arthur Helps
3540:Richard Dean
3515:Peter Buchan
3454:Gary Steiner
3449:Peter Singer
3444:JĂ©rĂŽme Segal
3409:David Pearce
3399:Clare Palmer
3389:David Nibert
3379:Clair Linzey
3289:Joan Dunayer
3214:Aysha Akhtar
3202:Contemporary
3071:McLibel case
3026:Animal trial
2985:Seal hunting
2947:Wild animals
2932:Fishing bait
2894:Pain in fish
2713:Fish farming
2693:Battery cage
2613:Meat paradox
2570:
2511:Abolitionism
2342:February 22,
2340:. Retrieved
2336:the original
2327:
2318:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2261:February 22,
2259:. Retrieved
2255:the original
2246:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2201:February 22,
2199:. Retrieved
2194:
2185:
2177:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2151:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2120:the original
2114:(in Dutch).
2103:
2093:February 14,
2091:. Retrieved
2087:the original
2077:
2067:February 22,
2065:. Retrieved
2054:The Guardian
2053:
2043:
2033:February 22,
2031:. Retrieved
2027:
2017:
1999:
1956:
1952:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:
1851:
1834:
1830:
1778:
1774:
1761:
1750:the original
1737:
1720:
1716:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:
1656:
1646:
1620:. Retrieved
1610:
1600:February 22,
1598:. Retrieved
1593:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:the original
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1517:February 22,
1515:. Retrieved
1503:
1481:February 22,
1479:. Retrieved
1475:the original
1471:Shark Angels
1470:
1445:. Retrieved
1441:the original
1436:
1410:. Retrieved
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1380:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1335:February 22,
1333:. Retrieved
1329:the original
1320:
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:the original
1290:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1260:
1250:
1240:February 22,
1238:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1229:
1207:February 22,
1205:. Retrieved
1200:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1104:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1059:February 22,
1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1048:
1039:
1029:February 22,
1027:. Retrieved
1023:the original
1018:
1008:
998:February 12,
996:. Retrieved
991:
982:
972:February 12,
970:. Retrieved
966:
957:
947:February 12,
945:. Retrieved
940:
931:
921:February 22,
919:. Retrieved
915:
905:
870:
866:
856:
819:
815:
781:
760:
755:
727:in Australia
725:feral horses
699:Canada Geese
691:
667:
659:
649:biodiversity
646:
639:
633:
615:
601:
598:
594:
578:
563:Lyme disease
551:
542:
524:
519:
510:tiger sharks
487:
451:
425:
415:
409:
388:banded stilt
384:silver gulls
376:
351:
344:
329:
320:South Africa
298:
290:
286:
250:
242:
238:inseminating
235:
223:
213:
198:
194:
190:
181:
177:
173:
160:
156:
149:color, etc.
147:
139:
132:
126:
120:
119:
101:
97:
95:
75:
50:
49:
39:
5013:Periodicals
4890:The Meatrix
4866:The Witness
4480:(Australia)
4454:(1891â1919)
4336:Faunalytics
4163:Henry Spira
4153:Hans Ruesch
4143:Jill Phipps
4138:Norm Phelps
4118:Barry Horne
4078:Royal Dixon
4073:Karen Davis
4053:Ernest Bell
3947:Ric O'Barry
3942:Jack Norris
3912:Dan Mathews
3817:Jake Conroy
3787:Barbi Twins
3762:James Aspey
3700:Gary Varner
3690:John Styles
3530:Henry Crowe
3479:Paul Waldau
3469:Michael Tye
3364:Renan Larue
3349:Melanie Joy
3334:Oscar Horta
3329:John Hadley
3299:Catia Faria
3294:Mylan Engel
3264:Alice Crary
3234:Steven Best
3229:Marc Bekoff
3195:and writers
3136:Observances
3041:Live export
2975:Ivory trade
2846:Vivisection
2821:Green Scare
2718:Fur farming
2623:Open rescue
2618:Nonviolence
1573:December 2,
1447:December 2,
1301:January 13,
1261:7.30 Report
529:extirpation
5238:Categories
5002:Seaspiracy
4906:Earthlings
4546:(Portugal)
4520:DierAnimal
4435:Historical
4231:Animal Aid
4123:Marie Huot
4068:Joan Court
4048:Bob Barker
4031:Historical
3922:LuĂsa Mell
3902:Keith Mann
3897:Bill Maher
3882:Ronnie Lee
3852:Tal Gilboa
3827:Karen Dawn
3767:Greg Avery
3645:Rod Preece
3560:T. Forster
3520:Mona Caird
3493:Historical
3354:Hilda Kean
3324:Lori Gruen
2658:Vegaphobia
2648:Speciesism
2541:Animal law
1837:(4): 273.
1542:August 27,
1271:January 7,
748:References
695:Nicarbazin
642:speciesist
628:See also:
599:Germany's
573:See also:
498:drum lines
475:drum lines
458:Queensland
308:Australian
304:game farms
231:phenotypes
208:See also:
82:vegetables
5274:Livestock
5156:Manifesto
5095:Bite Back
5080:Magazines
4954:Vegucated
4552:(Germany)
4550:V-ParteiÂł
4528:(Germany)
4522:(Belgium)
4498:(Finland)
4321:Equanimal
3907:Jim Mason
3862:Mark Gold
3797:Gene Baur
3772:Matt Ball
3748:Activists
3660:Tom Regan
3439:Jeff Sebo
3384:Dan Lyons
3193:Academics
3181:Advocates
3036:Live food
2836:Nafovanny
2743:Livestock
2723:Fur trade
2698:Bile bear
2633:Personism
2428:Overviews
2302:1879-3231
2195:msnbc.com
2162:April 16,
2062:0261-3077
1861:USA TODAY
1673:131232906
1512:1170-0777
1504:NZ Herald
1226:"Hunting"
1088:0091-7648
889:0022-0302
652:another.
607:Landkreis
508:, mostly
312:elephants
257:avian flu
215:Livestock
142:pedigreed
103:colligere
96:The word
92:Etymology
59:livestock
5219:Category
5088:Arkangel
5020:Journals
4994:Dominion
4930:The Cove
4560:Activism
4504:(Sweden)
4492:(Canada)
4486:(Europe)
4200:Movement
3735:Voltaire
2653:Veganism
2603:Ethology
2504:Concepts
2328:usda.gov
2310:21835455
2247:usda.gov
1991:19536340
1813:62815482
1632:cite web
1381:ABC News
1355:ABC News
1180:19840171
897:28237584
848:19528656
731:Eugenics
705:See also
674:adjuvant
271:Wildlife
164:neutered
130:â
63:wildlife
4534:(Italy)
4516:(Spain)
4510:(Italy)
4471:Parties
2965:Hunting
2919:Fishing
2578:Carnism
2129:June 9,
1982:2695855
1961:Bibcode
1931:3784175
1891:Bibcode
1866:June 2,
1783:Bibcode
1775:Ecology
1729:3783476
1697:June 3,
1622:June 2,
1594:Pursuit
1412:July 5,
1387:July 5,
1361:July 5,
1171:2810430
1150:Bibcode
1121:May 12,
1096:3783914
839:2702803
678:hormone
670:Gonacon
466:RĂ©union
301:African
226:farming
121:Culling
51:Culling
5221:
5194:(2003)
5175:(2014)
5167:(2014)
5159:(2008)
5151:(1991)
5143:(1987)
5131:Albums
5005:(2021)
4997:(2018)
4989:(2016)
4981:(2013)
4973:(2013)
4965:(2013)
4957:(2011)
4949:(2011)
4941:(2009)
4933:(2009)
4925:(2007)
4917:(2006)
4909:(2005)
4901:(2004)
4893:(2003)
4885:(2003)
4877:(2002)
4869:(2000)
4861:(2000)
4853:(1998)
4845:(1981)
4826:(2022)
4818:(2022)
4810:(2020)
4802:(2018)
4794:(2016)
4786:(2014)
4778:(2012)
4770:(2010)
4762:(2009)
4754:(2008)
4746:(2005)
4738:(2001)
4730:(1999)
4722:(1995)
4714:(1993)
4706:(1987)
4698:(1983)
4690:(1975)
4682:(1971)
4674:(1907)
4666:(1906)
4658:(1899)
4650:(1897)
4642:(1892)
4634:(1883)
4626:(1838)
4618:(1824)
4212:Groups
2672:Issues
2516:Ahimsa
2308:
2300:
2158:. 2012
2152:gov.uk
2060:
1989:
1979:
1929:
1811:
1727:
1671:
1657:Nature
1510:
1178:
1168:
1094:
1086:
895:
887:
846:
836:
788:
721:Brumby
624:Ethics
590:Marius
434:Sharks
78:fruits
5116:Satya
4834:Films
4599:Books
4421:Viva!
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