Chick culling - Knowledge

20: 145: 852:, announced chick culling would be banned from 1 January 2022. Both maceration and gassing will be prohibited, and the French government would grant chicken breeders subsidies of 10 million euros combined in order to acquire in-ovo sexing machines instead (leading to extra consumer costs of about 1 eurocent per box of six eggs). Denormandie stated that two-thirds of the poultry industry was expected to have adopted these machines by the end of the first quarter of 2022. and must have them installed by December 31, 2022. On 21 July 2021, Germany and France made a joint declaration that called on other EU member states to prohibit chick culling throughout the Union; their call was officially supported by Austria, Spain, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Portugal. In December 2021, Italy's Chamber of Deputies first proposed plans to ban chick culling per 1 January 2027, confirming its decision on 3 August 2022, in part due to welfarists' campaigning since 2020. 830:), adopted by a much larger majority of 115 votes to 35, requested the government to inquire how, and how fast, a ban on killing male chicks could be introduced. The motion reiterated that the annual killing of 40 million Dutch male chicks was unnecessary, that France and Germany were already introducing a ban, and furthermore stated that "a ban in the Netherlands is desirable and must be done in a way that is good for animals, farmers and consumers." The Steering Group on One-Day Cockerels, set up by the Ministry of Agriculture after this, published two research reports in November 2022, which showed that the issue was complex and a Dutch ban on chick killing could not be introduced for the time being, but agreements were already reached between the Ministry and the poultry sector on structurally reducing chick killing. 795:, Germany would become the first country in the world to ban this practice, confirming its joint commitment with France made in January 2020. On 20 May 2021, the Bundestag indeed voted to ban the culling of male chicks in Germany from 1 January 2022. Initially, the new German law also dictated that by 1 January 2024, all fertilised eggs in Germany must be sexed before day 7 of incubation, to avoid any chance of the embryo having consciousness and thus being able to experience pain. However, a further study conducted by the German government concluded that embryos do not feel pain before day 13, and the law was adjusted accordingly. This was a positive development for the in-ovo sexing industry, since many technologies can work before day 13, but not before day 7. 337: 617:. On 13 June 2019, this court decided that the current way of culling chicks "violates the country's laws against killing animals without a justifiable reason." However, the court allowed hatcheries to keep culling chicks on a temporary basis until alternatives, such as sex determination in eggs, are introduced. Such "no-kill eggs" had been introduced into the German market in 2018 and were available in more than 200 shops by June 2019. As of June 2023, five companies have commercially available in-ovo sexing technology, which is estimated to be used for 15 percent of the European layer population. 1024:

to do" and that the UEP are "hopeful a breakthrough is on the horizon". The Humane League president David Coman-Hidy was similarly optimistic about the technological progress made and remains confident that alternatives will be soon be put in place "in order to spare the lives of the estimated 300 million male chicks that are killed every year in the U.S. alone". As of March 25, 2021, according to a press release from United Egg Producers, the agreement had not been upheld. Therefore, UEP was not yet ready to switch to in ovo-sexing until the technology would be more scalable and efficient.

999:, representing two-thirds of the Norwegian laying hen market, installed the first Seleggt in-ovo sexing technology in the country in order to sort out fertilised male eggs before the 13th day of incubation, with the aim of gradually phasing out all hatched chick culling in the future. The only other Norwegian egg producer, Salte Kyllingopdrett ("Chickenbreeding"), announced in December 2023 it was teaming up with two large feed producers (Felleskjøpet Rogaland Agder and Fiskå Mølle) to install a new no-kill hatchery with in-ovo sexing technology in 713:

on this issue", with Klöckner adding that Germany's EU presidency in the second half of 2020 was a good opportunity to do so. The countries planned to bring together various groups to share scientific knowledge and implement alternative methods. On 28 January 2020, Guillaume repeated at a press conference that the culling of unwanted male chicks (by shredding) would be outlawed in France by the end of 2021. While some animal rights activists welcomed the move, others said that the decision did not go far enough. The minister's entourage told

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transferred to producers, but to consumers (at about 1 eurocent per egg in the case of Respeggt). Respeggt CEO Martijn Haarman stated: "The industry is demonstrating that it has listened to society's desire to no longer kill male chicks. ... So now it's up to the consumer to decide if that higher price is worth paying in order to prevent chick killing." Haarman also argued that the alternative of raising male chicks to roosters for meat was not economically viable, and "a step back both for animal welfare and the environment."

191: 32: 595: 754: 160:, with most male chickens (cockerels) were slaughtered for meat, whereas females (pullets) would be kept for egg production. However, once the industry successfully bred separate meat and egg-producing hybrids—starting in the 1920s and 1930s—there was no reason to keep males of the egg-producing hybrid. As a consequence, the males of egg-laying chickens are killed as soon as possible after hatching and sexing to reduce financial losses incurred by the breeder. Special techniques have been developed to accurately 626: 959:, Fermiers de Loué and German group Agri Advanced Technologies (AAT) introduced no-kill eggs in France in December 2019. On 10 February 2020, Carrefour announced it planned to mark the package of no-kill eggs with special logos, to have 20% of all its eggs sold without chick culling by 1 May 2020, and to completely produce and sell all eggs with the AAT method before the end of 2021. The number of Carrefour locations that sold AAT-style eggs grew gradually in the first half of 2020. 871:

entering into force, the legislation applies to new specialised facilities, and from 1 January 2027 it will apply to all slaughterhouses in Ukraine. Ukrainian poultry innovation researchers noted in April 2023 that the 2009 EU regulation might not be sufficient anymore, given new developments in EU member states such as Germany banning the killing of male chicks since 1 January 2022, and using spectroscopy for in-ovo sexing before the 15th day of incubation instead.

8957: 7043: 290:'Unwanted chicks, poults, and pipped eggs should be killed by an acceptable humane method, such as use of a commercially designed macerator that results in instantaneous death. Smothering unwanted chicks or poults in bags or containers is not acceptable. Pips, unwanted chicks, or poults should be killed prior to disposal. A pipped egg, or pip, is one where the chick or poult has not been successful in escaping the egg shell during the hatching process.' 490: 879:. Per 1 January 2023, the Animal Protection Act of Austria added provisions, including "The shredding of living chicks is forbidden", as well as that out-sorting of in ovo sexed eggs was legal before 14 days, but had to involve stunning the embryo if done after 6 days. As of December 2023, in-ovo sexing had reached about 15% market penetration in the EU, but an EU-level agreement to ban chick culling altogether was not yet forthcoming. 920: 694:", which would have been in October 2019, but this goal was not met. At that time, gassing was the most common method of chick culling in Germany, which killed up to 50 million chicks a year. Although the federal government had already invested millions of euros in stimulating scientific research into two alternative methods for sex determination in eggs by then, these were still not ready for the market yet. 679:), including a ban on "eliminating animals for exclusively economic reasons", understood as covering killing male chicks and male calves in milk production. The government claimed Luxembourg to have been the first country in the world to prohibit these practices; although it appears these did not exist within its borders at the time anyway, it did set a legal precedent for other countries to follow suit. 279:

Regulations section 72.5(1) as the requirements and industry standards that must be met. The "code" defines the euthanasia as the "ending of life in a way that minimizes pain and distress and is characterized by rapid, irreversible unconsciousness followed by prompt death" and adds that protocols including "irreversible stunning of birds prior to the final kill step may assist in effective euthanasia."

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Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Goa had committed to adopting in-ovo sex determination technology once it became available in India, while Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh states had all issued orders similar to those of Assam to end all current illegal and cruel practices of chick-killing in the poultry industry.

345: 822:), stated: ", noting that about 40 million male chicks are killed in the Netherlands annually because they have no economic value; considering that this is unnecessary because there are alternatives; considering that France and Germany are already introducing a ban; pronounces that the killing of male chicks should be prohibited." The same day, another motion by MPs Beckerman and 709:: "We announced last week with my colleague, German Minister for Agriculture , that we were going to stop the shredding of chicks, which is no longer bearable today. We said end of the year 2021." He further argued that the practice needed to be phased out and not immediately discontinued: "If we do it right away, what will happen? There won't be eggs anymore." 117:. However, because males gain more weight than females in this production system, the females are culled, sometimes in an industrial macerator. The remains of female ducklings are later used in cat food and fertilisers. In total, around 4-7 billion male chicks and up to 40 million female ducks per year may be killed in this way. 511:, or imaging); they can determine a chick's sex within 3-13 days of incubation. Some methods require genetic engineering to make male eggs fluorescent. Such methods are attractive not only for ethical reasons but to reduce the costs of employing human cullers and of incubating male eggs. Timothy Kurt, a director from the 566:-based Dutch company In Ovo presented the new in ovo-sexing machine "Ella", which had an accuracy of over 95%, which could possibly be upgraded to 99% in the short term. Its method of retrieving some fluid from the fertilised egg with a needle, and finding the biomarker sabineamine in this sample with 1038:

According to a September 2023 research report of Innovate Animal Ag, in-ovo sexing technology had been successfully applied to at least 'at least 56 million of the commercial EU layer population of 389 million hens', reaching a market penetration of almost 15% in the European Union, 5 years after the

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that it would voluntarily phase out chick culling by 2020, or as soon as it was 'economically feasible' and an alternative was "commercially available". In January 2020, UEP president Chad Gregory said "a workable, scalable, solution is not yet available", but remained "a priority and the right thing

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issued a decree banning hatcheries from killing chicks, against which two egg hatcheries in the state appealed. As paragraph one of Germany's Animal Welfare Act stipulates that "No-one shall inflict pain, suffering or harm on an animal without a reasonable cause," a lower court ruled that killing for

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spokesperson has been quoted as saying in 2014: "We have also committed to providing funding and expertise for research and introduction of alternative methods such as in-ovo gender identification (sexing) of eggs. This new technology offers the potential to eliminate the hatching and culling of male

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As of 12 October 2022, Austria and Luxembourg have banned the systematic killing of male chicks. Also in 2022 in Norway, a six-party majority in parliament called for research to end chick maceration in Norway. As the country's main egg producer installed in-ovo sexing technology installed in summer

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On 13 January 2020, during an official visit of Guillaume to Klöckner, the Ministers said in a joint statement that France and Germany wanted to end the mass shredding of male chicks at the EU level by the end of 2021. Guillaume stated that "France and Germany should be the European motor to advance

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egg farms are taking steps to eliminate the practice entirely. Worldwide, around 7 billion male chicks are culled each year in the egg industry. Because male chickens do not lay eggs and only those in breeding programmes are required to fertilise eggs, they are considered redundant to the egg-laying

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In September 2019, in Switzerland, the parliament voted to outlaw the shredding of chickens. This is despite this practice not being used in Switzerland. It was further commented that: "This tendency to rear species only for the production of eggs or for meat turns animals into mere objects. It has

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2023, its first no-kill eggs entering shops in 2024, and its only competitor unveiled plans to open a new no-kill hatchery in autumn 2024 as well, it was expected as of April 2024 that the Norwegian government would adopt a national ban on the killing of cockerels in the future as demanded by the

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adopted Law no. #628 "On the approval of the Requirements for ensuring the well-being of animals during slaughter and killing" in order comply with EU Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 "on the protection of animals at the time of slaughter", which requires stunning all animals before slaughter. Since

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issued a directive to poultry hatcheries within the state to cease all illegal killing of male or unwanted chicks. By June 2023, multiple state governments in India had also started taking steps to curb this practice at the behest of PETA India. The animal husbandry departments of the states of

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and the Parliamentary Commission on Agriculture urging them to follow the examples given by Switzerland and France, and phase out all chick culling including gassing in the Netherlands by the end of 2021. The Dutch Ministry of Agriculture cautiously responded that "a political solution is being

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within six days, thus complying to Germany's legal requirement of early sexing from 2024. Startups including Respeggt and In Ovo responded skeptically, saying the publication of these conclusions seemed rushed, and that "many methods may seem promising at first, but aren't immediately useful in

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by carbon dioxide, and maceration using a high-speed grinder. Maceration is the primary method in the United States. Maceration is often a preferred method over carbon dioxide asphyxiation in western countries as it is often considered as "more humane" due to the deaths occurring immediately or

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In July 2021, the Dutch in-ovo sexing machine companies Respeggt and In Ovo stated that in-ovo sexing was gaining momentum in Northwestern Europe, and major retailers were switching to it in anticipation of the German legal ban on chick killing. Generally speaking, the extra costs were not

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In Canada, the National Farm Animal Care Council (Conseil National Pour Les Soins Aux Animaux D'Elevage) publishes the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Hatching Eggs, Breeders, Chickens and Turkeys, (2016, amended from time to time), which is mentioned in the Health of Animals

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industry. Back in 2022, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture had stated: 'Spain is in favour of banning the grinding of male chicks, although this practice is not used in our country. We are supporting research into egg sexing methods that avoid having to resort to slaughter.' At the time,

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US producers announced in 2016 a goal of being able by 2020 to determine the sex of the developing chick long before hatching, so male eggs can be destroyed. However in January 2020 they stated that killing day-old male chicks remains unavoidable due to the lack of a viable alternative.

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was the first company in the Netherlands to start selling Respeggt eggs. Since mid-March 2020, all Jumbo supermarkets (more than 600 locations in the Netherlands and a few in Belgium) had them in store, and organic Respeggt eggs are planned to be introduced later in

144: 1003:, to be delivered in autumn 2024. Salte commented: 'This will result in a higher egg price in the shop, but we have no choice', in order to remain competitive with Steinsland/Nortura, as well as securing genetic diversity and reducing bird flu risks. 251:. The regulations initiated in 1976 evolved in 1993, the first directive to specifically take chicks into account. A new directive was adopted in 2009, enacted on 1 January 2013 (replacing the 1993 directive) and last updated on 14 December 2019: 1027:

Vital Farms, a producer of pasture-raised eggs and the second largest egg brand in the United States by sales, has said that they are committed to advocating for an end to male chick culling, and supporting alternatives that can be adopted at

1034:, the largest Dutch supermarket chain, with 1000 locations in the Netherlands and Belgium, stated in May 2020 that they are "meticulously monitoring the technological developments, and when it's operationally feasible, we will enable it". 384:

France: 50 million male chicks are culled annually in the egg industry (February 2020 estimate) and about 16 million female ducklings and goslings are culled annually in the foie gras industry. Maceration is the primary method in both

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is one of the main stakeholders of the Dutch–German Seleggt company that developed the first no-kill eggs. Under the label of Respeggt, these no-kill eggs were first introduced in 350 supermarkets and shops of REWE and

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The Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Hatching Eggs, Breeders, Chickens and Turkeys, in Canada, lists the acceptable methods under the Appendix B, grouped as recommended on-Farm or at hatcheries, being:

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The first paragraph shall come into force on a date to be determined by the Flemish Government. Such date shall be determined from as soon as sex determination of chicks in the egg is feasible for day 12 after

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technology uses a "pair of molecular scissors" to illuminate the male chicks after being conceived and before being placed in the incubator to be hatched, thus eliminating all male chicks from being hatched.

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stated that it is working with egg producers to end the annual culling of 35 million male chicks in Spain in 2021. The Ministry said producers were testing two different techniques of in-ovo sex detection.

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report stated: 'In Sweden, 5.6 million laying hens are replaced every year. At the same time, a similar number of cockerels are produced, the vast majority of which are killed and destroyed at hatcheries.'

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technology was first commercialised in 2018. The increasing availability of in-ovo sexing machines in Europe allowed for the prevention of the birth and killing of the equivalent number of male chicks.

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led to absurd practices such as the shredding of living male chicks". However, the practice of gassing chicks, which kills about three million male baby chicks in Switzerland per year, remained legal.

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Switzerland: about 3 million male chicks are culled annually (September 2019 estimate). Gassing is the only method used; maceration was prohibited on 1 January 2020, but rarely used before that date.

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India: over 180 million male chicks are culled annually (October 2014 estimate). Maceration appears to be the primary method, though suffocation using plastic bags has also been reported.

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Krautwald Junghanns, ME; Cramer, K; Fischer, B; Förster, A; Galli, R; Kremer, F; Mapesa, EU; Meissner, S; Preisinger, R; Preusse, G; Schnabel, C; Steiner, G; Bartels, T (1 March 2018).

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Scientific and innovative development of agricultural production as a guarantee of food security of Ukraine: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Conference proceedings. Kyiv, 19–20 April 2023

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Nord and Aldi Süd announced in March 2020 they wanted to phase out chick culling in their entire chain before 2022. Aldi Netherlands was still considering its course as of May 2020.

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In early February 2020, French egg distribution business Cocorette announced it would collaborate with poultry company Novoponto to produce no-kill eggs using Seleggt's technology.

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Spain: 35 million male chicks are culled annually (March 2020 estimate, February 2022 estimate). Asphyxiation is the common method; shredding (maceration) is not used in Spain.

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concerns, there is societal opposition to chick culling. In the 2010s, scientists developed technologies to determine the sexes of chicks when they are still in their eggs (

2273: 538:. The hole in the eggshell would then be sealed again, and female embryos could be incubated as normal. Males would still be discarded, but earlier in their development. 2917: 2118: 2631: 446:(BEIS) spokesman saying gassing was used more often than maceration in the UK. In March 2015, a BEIS spokesman insisted that gassing was the only method used in the UK. 7471: 2352:

I Sverige byts 5,6 miljoner värphöns ut varje år. Samtidigt produceras motsvarande antal tuppkycklingar där det stora flertalet avlivas och destrueras på kläckerierna.

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asphyxiation was the common killing method for day-old male chicks in the country's egg-laying and broiler industries, culling approximately 35 male chicks annually.

8688: 8678: 7361: 3772:Науково-інноваційний розвиток агровиробництва як запорука продовольчої безпеки України: вчора, сьогодні, завтра. Матеріали конференції. М. Київ, 19-20 квітня 2023 р. 3632: 7151: 4923: 1869: 182:. These technologies such as Respeggt, In Ovo, Orbem, and CHEGGY, are gaining track across Europe as they perform the sexing before the embryo can feel any pain. 19: 3134: 1328: 4038: 381:

Denmark: As of 2024, 'more than three million day-old male layer chicks are culled every year – including those from free-range and organic production systems.'

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Worldwide: approximately 7 billion male chicks are culled annually around the world (2015 Poultry Site estimate). Other estimates include 6 billion (June 2016

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Several technologies may obviate chick culling by determining the sex of a chick before hatching. Some of these technologies rely on measuring eggs (through

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explored" and that the Agriculture Minister would soon provide more information. In March 2020, the Directorate of Production and Agrarian Markets of the

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claim). According to In Ovo cofounder Wouter Bruins in October 2013, the top 20 poultry production countries alone culled 3.2 billion male chicks a year.

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6 million prize for in-ovo sexing technology that could meet certain criteria. They awarded $ 2,113,915 of this prize to six entrants in November 2019.

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The 2005–2006 AMVA Executive Board proposed a policy change, recommended by the Animal Welfare Committee on the killing of unwanted chicks, poults, and

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Australia: more than 12 million male chicks are culled annually (June 2016 estimate). Maceration is the primary method used, but gassing is also used.

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New Zealand: 2.5 million (April 2001 estimate) to 3 million (June 2016 estimate) male chicks are culled annually. Maceration is the primary method.

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In January 2021, the German federal government approved a draft law banning chick culling, to be effectuated at the end of 2021. If passed by the

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In September 2019, the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, a company that was founded by the United States Congress in 2014 announced a

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developed a method to determine the gender of fertilized eggs 72 hours after the incubation process has started. The procedure would use a

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Improperly (incomplete) macerated (shredded) male chicks. Some heads are visible. An effective maceration should be instant and complete.

79:, which occurs just days after they are conceived or after they hatch. Some methods of culling that do not involve anaesthetics include: 1251:

Rodenburg, T. B.; Bracke, M. B. M.; Berk, J.; Cooper, J.; Faure, J. M.; Guémené, D.; Guy, G.; Harlander, A.; Jones, T. (December 2005).

7616: 7511: 5940: 1147:"Current approaches to avoid the culling of day-old male chicks in the layer industry, with special reference to spectroscopic methods" 3422: 8118: 7690: 6353: 1919: 1403: 103:). In the United States, males are culled in egg production because males "don't lay eggs or grow large enough to become broilers." 9156: 8860: 7083: 6709: 6474: 4731: 4282: 1478: 132:

and France jointly became the first countries in the world to prohibit all chick killing from 1 January 2022, and called on other

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Norway: Over 3.5 million day-old male chicks are killed annually (2023 estimate), with maceration being the most common method.

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Maceration (also called 'grinding', 'shredding' or 'mincing'); the chicks are placed into a large high-speed grinder.

3260:"Maharashtra Joins List of States Committing to Adopting In Ovo Sexing Technology to Prevent Killing of Male Chicks" 534:

to drill a hole into the eggshell and analyze the way the egg's blood cells disperse that light using near-infrared

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The outcome expected being instantaneous death. For instance, the maceration must be "instantaneous and complete".

3452: 1786: 1650:"Council Directive 93/119/EC of 22 December 1993 on the protection of animals at the time of slaughter or killing" 1007:

The following businesses are considering or have committed to introducing no-kill eggs and phasing out kill eggs:

9171: 8942: 6570: 6323: 6208: 5422: 5008: 4903: 4060: 3453:"Gewijzigde motie van de leden Beckerman en Boswijk over een onderzoek naar een verbod op het doden van haantjes" 730: 443: 388:

Germany: up to 50 million male chicks are culled annually (October 2019 estimate). Gassing is the primary method.

1676: 721:(which was excluded from the Swiss ban), pressing him to explicitly prohibit that chick culling method as well. 213: 7366: 6546: 4913: 4623: 4292: 3738: 2962: 2517: 1677:"Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 of 24 September 2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing" 913: 178:

Nowadays, there are commercialized technologies that detect the sex of a chicken embryo within the egg, called

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Currently, the following businesses (producers, distributors and retailers) are in the process of introducing

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The Flemish Government may provide for exceptions to the prohibition as referred to in the first paragraph.

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Netherlands: 45 million male chicks are culled annually (May 2016 estimate). Gassing is the primary method.

3583:"Dierenwelzijn in het Waals Gewest 2019-2024. Beoordeling van de ambtstermijn van minister Céline Tellier" 2432: 9395: 8890: 8819: 8731: 8673: 8658: 8352: 7526: 7501: 7426: 7411: 6741: 6530: 6158: 6108: 4797: 4272: 4217: 3530: 2988:"Une nouvelle loi de protection des animaux au Luxembourg : pragmatisme ou inventivité vague ?" 1945: 827: 3077:"La France veut interdire la castration à vif des porcelets et le broyage des poussins à la fin de 2021" 371:

Belgium: more than 15 million male chicks are culled annually, 40,000 a day (February 2020 estimate). CO

9415: 8878: 8855: 8548: 8362: 7292: 7252: 6983: 6855: 6650: 6586: 6522: 6173: 6133: 6103: 5236: 5231: 4633: 1736: 545:, invested $ 844,000 to electronically "scan" fertilized eggs to determine if they are male or female. 515:, said, "Everyone wants the same thing, and the right piece of technology could solve this right now." 504: 2653: 2274:"El sacrificio de pollitos macho en España podría terminar en 2021 según el Ministerio de Agricultura" 2026:"Researcher: Seven billion newly hatched chicks are killed every year – but a ban is not the solution" 1870:"France bans mass killing of male chicks, but US egg farmers say there's no other 'workable' solution" 469:

advocates maintain that many of the current practices surrounding chicken slaughtering are unethical.

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gassing is the only method used and happens in two stages: chicks are first stunned and then killed.

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Canada: 22.5 million male chicks are culled annually, nearly 62,000 a day (December 2016 estimate).

51: 6869: 3977: 9390: 9364: 9359: 9068: 8960: 8896: 8872: 8866: 8829: 8663: 8638: 8533: 8448: 8168: 8138: 8128: 8038: 7953: 7676: 7626: 7621: 7069: 7018: 6789: 6693: 6506: 6482: 6359: 6238: 6193: 6088: 5975: 5784: 4465: 4383: 2494: 2335: 1971: 1303:"Shocking video shows hundreds of live ducklings 'thrown into mincer' on cruel 'foie gras farm'" 9030: 9023: 8804: 8643: 8483: 8463: 8223: 7958: 7948: 7611: 7277: 7237: 7227: 7046: 6991: 6538: 6113: 6073: 6027: 5945: 5900: 5769: 5427: 5412: 5066: 4643: 4262: 4210: 2489: 2187: 1199: 690:

agreement of March 2018 stated that chick culling should have been ended "by the middle of the

605: 272: 205: 63: 3608:"Bien-être animal en Région wallonne 2019-2024. Bilan du mandat de la ministre Céline Tellier" 2739:"How CRISPR could save 6 billion chickens from the meat grinder — Red light, green light" 882:

With the adoption of the Flemish Animal Welfare Code in May 2024, chick culling was banned in

724:

In early February 2020, four Dutch animal rights organisations sent letters to Prime Minister

8986: 8553: 8422: 7988: 7747: 7456: 7340: 7247: 7181: 7146: 6797: 6618: 6578: 6490: 6450: 6371: 6365: 6178: 5467: 5367: 5332: 4918: 4817: 4726: 4565: 4455: 4420: 3891: 819: 687: 47: 5452: 1568: 9405: 9272: 8824: 8543: 8458: 8228: 8143: 8068: 7938: 7817: 7767: 7381: 7371: 7257: 7201: 6821: 6626: 6554: 6305: 6248: 6118: 5970: 5955: 5829: 5734: 5689: 5542: 4764: 4605: 4373: 4353: 4065: 2896: 1012: 714: 549: 427: 417: 223: 157: 80: 5694: 4187:

Stop killing male chicks: We can save billions of animal lives from meeting a gruesome end

2963:"Dossier consolidé. Projet de loi 6994 : Projet de loi sur la protection des animaux" 2563: 1818: 686:

stated chick culling was "ethically unacceptable" and argued it should be prohibited. The

8: 9400: 9060: 8749: 8583: 8538: 8498: 8493: 8243: 8178: 7998: 7993: 7923: 7777: 7631: 7536: 7416: 7330: 7325: 7136: 7131: 7126: 6915: 6862: 6279: 5890: 5507: 5502: 5382: 5357: 5076: 4933: 4822: 4716: 4711: 4195: 2990:[A new animal protection act in Luxembourg: pragmatism or vague inventiveness?]. 2467: 2437: 973: 938: 924: 431: 422: 3953:"In-ovo sexing reaches 15% penetration in EU as tech to end male chick culling advances" 3804:"Про затвердження Вимог до забезпечення благополуччя тварин під час забою та умертвіння" 1252: 945:

region in November 2018. By September 2019, Respeggt eggs were sold in 1,350 REWE shops.

741:

that various killing methods used in the poultry industry were in violation of the 1960

426:

article reported on two undercover operations carried out by animal rights organisation

9324: 9252: 8814: 8683: 8598: 8218: 8188: 8163: 8023: 7737: 7571: 7320: 7267: 6876: 6813: 6634: 6466: 6458: 6335: 6311: 6223: 5849: 5261: 4754: 4706: 4696: 4507: 4415: 4168: 1280: 981: 849: 535: 527: 450: 92: 6929: 2083: 311:

Gas Inhalation (Nitrogen (farm only), Carbon Monoxide (farm only), and Carbon Dioxide)

55: 9334: 9045: 8799: 8774: 8563: 8558: 8488: 8347: 8282: 8198: 8048: 7918: 7531: 7196: 7121: 6999: 6773: 6733: 6685: 6677: 6562: 6329: 6228: 6203: 6168: 5925: 5915: 5824: 5764: 5684: 5271: 5136: 5111: 5101: 5081: 4807: 4691: 4600: 4435: 4144: 3362:"Motie van de leden Beckerman en Vestering over een verbod op het doden van haantjes" 2689: 2626: 1626: 1593: 1272: 1168: 1020: 567: 3803: 3231:"Stop cruel methods of killing unwanted male chicks: Assam govt to poultry hatchers" 3139: 683: 430:

showing a gassing-method hatchery and a maceration-method hatchery, both located in

9179: 9121: 8979: 8914: 8839: 8764: 8693: 8568: 8392: 8292: 8233: 8093: 8043: 8028: 7968: 7892: 7867: 7742: 7697: 7186: 6943: 6669: 6218: 5885: 5789: 5754: 5744: 5674: 5537: 5477: 5432: 5397: 5256: 5196: 4970: 4928: 4888: 4858: 4848: 4843: 4782: 4585: 4348: 4317: 1284: 1264: 1158: 984:(over 300 locations) will start selling free-range Respeggt eggs in September 2020. 815: 807: 702: 454: 190: 133: 96: 71: 5301: 5146: 1894:"Egg industry wants to stop grinding and gassing millions of male chicks to death" 1843: 806:

to ban chick killing in the Netherlands. The motion, written and submitted by MPs

594: 9319: 9232: 9214: 9116: 9111: 9101: 9083: 9018: 8593: 8528: 8453: 8432: 8377: 8357: 8342: 8238: 8113: 8008: 7978: 7908: 7832: 7591: 7421: 7376: 7315: 7297: 7161: 6757: 5865: 5819: 5814: 5669: 5634: 5619: 5557: 5447: 5392: 5372: 5311: 5221: 5131: 5071: 5046: 4701: 4575: 3102: 2842: 2215: 1601: 1229: 803: 59: 3980:[Decree on animal welfare (Flemish Animal Welfare Code of 17 May 2024)] 2433:"France says its poultry industry will stop shredding male chicks alive by 2022" 1649: 753: 416:

United Kingdom: 30 to 40 million male chicks are culled annually (November 2010

9131: 8754: 8613: 8578: 8427: 8417: 8402: 8322: 8307: 8248: 8148: 8133: 8123: 8058: 8053: 7943: 7913: 7847: 7842: 7822: 7772: 7752: 7436: 7232: 7106: 7092: 6701: 6498: 6098: 6000: 5930: 5920: 5844: 5774: 5759: 5704: 5629: 5604: 5552: 5497: 5457: 5362: 5352: 5327: 5241: 5171: 5096: 5036: 4908: 4838: 4683: 4658: 4615: 4590: 4580: 4555: 4515: 4470: 4378: 886:

in principle, but the ban would not take effect until a date to be determined:

682:

In response to the June 2019 Leipzig court ruling, German Agriculture Minister

625: 508: 466: 457:

estimated this number at 200 million in 2009. Maceration is the primary method.

248: 217: 121: 31: 4176: 3017:"Le " broyage des poussins " devrait être interdit en France à la fin de 2021" 2548: 717:

that it was unclear whether his announced ban also included asphyxiation by CO

302:

Non-Penetrating Captive Bolt (farm only), Penetrating Captive Bolt (farm only)

46:

is the process of separating and killing unwanted (male and unhealthy female)

9384: 9369: 9242: 9222: 8834: 8809: 8784: 8779: 8759: 8603: 8573: 8518: 8473: 8468: 8397: 8372: 8287: 8277: 8013: 7983: 7933: 7877: 7862: 7852: 7837: 7827: 7812: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7669: 7481: 7476: 7401: 7345: 7272: 7242: 7156: 6975: 6093: 5960: 5935: 5870: 5839: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5779: 5664: 5639: 5609: 5512: 5482: 5337: 5291: 5286: 5251: 5246: 5201: 5186: 5166: 5141: 5106: 5086: 5051: 4954: 4787: 4490: 4388: 4358: 4233: 4016: 3689: 2442: 1276: 1016: 858:

is seeking to catch up to EU animal welfare standards in accordance with the

498: 478: 470: 229: 179: 125: 24: 5749: 3713:"Italy Bans Slaughter Of Male Chicks, Sparing Up To 40 Million Birds A Year" 2987: 2672:"Scientists train laser beams on cruel practice of shredding newborn chicks" 9189: 9141: 9091: 8503: 8387: 8327: 8317: 8302: 8208: 8203: 8173: 8078: 8073: 8063: 8033: 8018: 7963: 7882: 7857: 7782: 7606: 7546: 7396: 7335: 7287: 6153: 5995: 5985: 5834: 5809: 5719: 5714: 5699: 5659: 5649: 5522: 5442: 5437: 5417: 5407: 5402: 5342: 5281: 5276: 5226: 5216: 5206: 5116: 5041: 4898: 4853: 4812: 4774: 4759: 4721: 4540: 4520: 4440: 2060: 1408: 1172: 1058: 1031: 823: 706: 361: 271:(AMVA) "Euthanasia" methods include: cervical dislocation, maceration, and 161: 76: 67: 3978:"Decreet over dierenwelzijn (Vlaamse Codex Dierenwelzijn van 17 mei 2024)" 3505:"La Wallonie s'apprête à interdire préventivement le broyage des poussins" 2056:"Carrefour et Loué s'associent pour réduire le broyage des poussins mâles" 1114:"New technique may prevent the gruesome deaths of billions of male chicks" 609:

food production was a "reasonable" ground. This led to a challenge in the

255:"Use of a mechanical apparatus causing rapid death" (essentially grinding) 232:; an electric current is passed through the chick's body until it is dead. 9344: 9277: 9267: 9257: 8769: 8588: 8478: 8412: 8407: 8312: 8297: 8213: 8193: 8103: 8003: 7928: 7887: 7762: 7757: 7171: 7111: 6717: 6163: 5990: 5980: 5965: 5905: 5739: 5644: 5614: 5589: 5527: 5517: 5306: 5191: 5176: 5161: 5126: 5121: 5091: 5061: 5056: 4868: 4802: 4673: 4648: 4545: 4450: 4445: 4156: 1329:"Germany, France call on EU countries to also ban culling of male chicks" 473:

advocates argue that it is wrong to unnecessarily exploit and kill other

449:

United States: 300 million male chicks are culled annually (January 2020

262: 247:

Authorised procedures for killing chicks have been harmonised within the

235: 209: 16:

Process of killing newly hatched chicks for which the industry has no use

1163: 1146: 1091: 314:

Manual Cervical Dislocation, Mechanical Cervical Dislocation (farm only)

9349: 9339: 9329: 9282: 9184: 9096: 8721: 8608: 8523: 8337: 8332: 8158: 8088: 8083: 7807: 7441: 7166: 6829: 6347: 6058: 5950: 5895: 5875: 5729: 5724: 5709: 5679: 5654: 5594: 5472: 5387: 5347: 5181: 5151: 4485: 4475: 4368: 4139: 3685:"50 million male chicks saved as France bans egg industry from culling" 3359: 2518:"Treated Like Garbage, These Chicks Are Burned, Drowned, and Walked On" 2155: 1976: 1144: 1063: 863: 738: 725: 664: 2468:"Germany, France push to end male chick 'shredding' in European Union" 2310:"España se prepara para prohibir el sacrificio de los polluelos macho" 2119:"Groko bricht Versprechen: Vergasung von männlichen Küken geht weiter" 1268: 1000: 629:

Current global legal status of chick culling in the poultry industry:

9354: 9204: 9199: 9126: 7466: 7206: 6922: 6781: 6377: 6148: 5624: 5599: 5487: 5266: 5211: 4863: 4663: 4570: 4550: 4525: 4460: 4190: 3201: 3050: 2375: 956: 900: 792: 474: 283: 114: 106: 3135:"Quatre questions sur la fin annoncée du broyage des poussins mâles" 1762:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Health of Animals Regulations" 1326: 802:

by 81 votes to 69 adopted a motion directed at Agriculture Minister

489: 9304: 9262: 9247: 9194: 9151: 9136: 9040: 8794: 8726: 8711: 5562: 4480: 4430: 3919:"Österreich: Kükentöten und echter Tierschutz passen doch zusammen" 3450: 3107: 3021: 2151:"Doorbraak Nederlands bedrijf voorkomt vergassen miljoenen kuikens" 1534:"Hatched, discarded, gassed: What happens to male chicks in the UK" 883: 876: 834: 519: 84: 3633:"Julien Denormandie : "C'est la fin du broyage des poussins"" 3531:"Législation/protection des animaux au moment de leur mise à mort" 1354:"Italy moves forward with ban on selective culling of male chicks" 992: 919: 9292: 9106: 9050: 9010: 9002: 7561: 7061: 4792: 4746: 4405: 3395: 2568: 1053: 996: 855: 614: 153: 129: 100: 4202: 2714:"FFAR and Open Philanthropy Announce Six Egg-Tech Prize Winners" 484: 8716: 4343: 4245: 4112: 3307:"Germany approves draft law to end mass culling of male chicks" 942: 899:

In 2024, Spain banned the slaughter of female ducklings in the

768: Grinding (shredding) chicks illegal, gassing chicks legal 640: Grinding (shredding) chicks illegal, gassing chicks legal 563: 555: 434:. Both methods were reportedly 'legal and approved by both the 172: 167:

In November 2018, the "world's first industry-scale production

3103:"France to ban culling of unwanted male chicks by end of 2021" 1972:"Shredding day-old chicks: how Australia's egg industry works" 1015:, representing hatcheries that produce 95% of all eggs in the 9035: 7586: 7451: 6416: 5007: 2920:[Article 12: Prohibited practices. Text of the law]. 1674: 1647: 949: 746: 578: 531: 344: 110: 3355: 3353: 3046:"Germany, France to push EU to end shredding of male chicks" 1681:

Official Journal of the European Union (available on EU-Lex)

1654:

Official Journal of the European Union (available on EU-Lex)

916:(also called 'brotherless eggs') and phasing out kill eggs: 6188: 3890:

Landsforbund, Kjøtt- og fjørfebransjens (7 December 2023).

3658:"France bans crushing and gassing of male chicks from 2022" 2743: 2622:"'Ethical' eggs could save male chicks from mass slaughter" 2211:"Poultry industry hails potential to avoid male chick cull" 1502: 1430: 966: 952:, Marktkauf and Famila introduced brotherless eggs in 2019. 933: 923:

A sixpack of organic eggs with the Respeggt label, sold by

136:

to do the same. Italy also banned the practice soon after.

8971: 3860:"Etiske og praktiske utfordringer i konsumeggproduksjonen" 3446: 3444: 3739:"A Simple New Technique Could Make Your Eggs More Humane" 3350: 2918:"Article 12 : Pratiques interdites. Texte de la loi" 2594:"Study Identifies Day 12 as Target for In-Ovo Egg Sexing" 1250: 589: 7152:

Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals

4924:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

3423:"Tweede Kamer stemt voor eind aan doden eendagshaantjes" 3360:

Sandra Beckerman & Leonie Vestering (10 June 2021).

2244:"Norway: An end to killing day-old male chicks in sight" 890:

Article 37. The killing of day-old chicks is prohibited.

4061:"United Egg Producers Updated Statement on Male Chicks" 3441: 2490:"DA asks for more information in chicken chipping case" 1195:"Egg Producers Pledge More Humane Fate for Male Chicks" 2843:"German court rules mass-killing of male chicks legal" 263:

Recommended methods and standards in the US and Canada

9411:

Ethically disputed business practices towards animals

6443:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

3202:

Hans Bijleveld & Kirsten Graumans (21 May 2020).

2430: 1327:

Julia Dahm & Magdalena Pistorius (21 July 2021).

1253:"Welfare of ducks in European duck husbandry systems" 54:

industry has no use. It occurs in all industrialised

4140:

Hatchery Horrors: The Egg Industry's tiniest victims

4012:"Novel techniques make culling male layers obsolete" 3650: 3451:

Sandra Beckerman & Derk Boswijk (15 June 2021).

3304: 3070: 3068: 2338:[Food waste in egg and poultry production]. 2271: 1622:"Unilever working to end the culling of male chicks" 1222:"What happens with male chicks in the egg industry?" 75:

industry and are usually killed shortly after being

4177:

Animal Equality investigation in chicken hatcheries

3481:[No ban on killing day-old cockerels yet]. 3164:"Dierenorganisaties willen verbod op doden kuikens" 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 1675:Council of the European Union (24 September 2009). 1454: 620: 3479:"Nog geen verbod op het doden van eendagshaantjes" 3420: 3253: 3251: 3161: 1648:Council of the European Union (22 December 1993). 1594:Humane Killing of Male Chicks at the Laying Branch 907: 701:In late October 2019, French Agriculture Minister 258:"Exposure to carbon dioxide" (essentially gassing) 4009: 3132: 3065: 1920:"World's first no-kill eggs go on sale in Berlin" 1404:"World's first no-kill eggs go on sale in Berlin" 848:On 18 July 2021, French Minister of Agriculture, 757:Current legal status of chick culling in Europe. 220:is used to induce unconsciousness and then death. 9382: 8921:List of international animal welfare conventions 8679:Dishes involving the consumption of live animals 4303:List of international animal welfare conventions 3808:Official web portal of the Parliament of Ukraine 3204:"De opmars van geslachtbepaling bij broedeieren" 2822: 2426: 2424: 2183:"Chick-shredding ordeal shocks unprepared staff" 1841: 6595:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 3272: 3248: 2891:Documentation on Luxembourg's 2018 amendments: 2404:"40 million chicks on 'conveyor belt to death'" 1842:Fassler, Joe; DiPrinzio, Harry (15 July 2016). 868:Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine 6026: 4005: 4003: 2804:"Kunnen kuikens al op dag zes worden gesekst?" 2801: 2771: 2718:Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research 2694:Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research 2364: 2362: 2360: 1917: 1619: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1503:"Agri Advanced Technologies GmbH – Startseite" 242: 8987: 7077: 4218: 3416: 3414: 2774:"Girls only-kuikens breken door in Nederland" 2421: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1182: 485:Scientific research into alternatives (2010s) 4308:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 3889: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3095: 2148: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1134: 860:European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement 9162:European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC 6270:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 6214:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 4246:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 4000: 3332:"Germany bans male chick culling from 2022" 3128: 3126: 2615: 2613: 2401: 2371:"Switzerland bans shredding of male chicks" 2368: 2357: 2336:"Matsvinn inom ägg- och matfågelproduktion" 2180: 2116: 2084:"Le broyage des femelles pour le foie gras" 2053: 1998: 1943: 1760:Branch, Legislative Services (2022-10-20). 1683:. Publications Office of the European Union 1656:. Publications Office of the European Union 1520: 573:In late May 2021, a research team from the 461: 8994: 8980: 7512:International Society for Applied Ethology 7084: 7070: 4225: 4211: 3411: 3385: 3383: 2985: 2797: 2795: 2308:RENTER, Albert Molins (14 February 2022). 1891: 1606: 1300: 1179: 359:claim), 4–6 billion chicks (December 2018 7691:Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 6417:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 6354:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 3182: 2960:(drafting process of the bill in French) 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2431:Michael Brice-Saddler (30 January 2020). 2369:Vuilleumier, Marie (September 20, 2019). 2176: 2174: 2144: 2142: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2028:. University of Copenhagen. 21 March 2024 1573:Vlaams infocentrum voor land- en tuinbouw 1569:"Eéndagshaantjes: zijn er alternatieven?" 1192: 1162: 1131: 1111: 780: Chick culling legal, no ban planned 652: Chick culling legal, no ban planned 570:, takes less than one second to perform. 198:Several methods are used to cull chicks: 8861:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 6475:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 4732:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 4041:(in French). Carrefour. 10 February 2020 3682: 3557:"Site internet du Parlement de Wallonie" 3305:Agence France-Presse (20 January 2021). 3123: 2610: 2267: 2265: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 1911: 1401: 1296: 1294: 918: 752: 624: 593: 488: 343: 335: 238:; the chicks are placed in plastic bags. 189: 143: 30: 18: 4323:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 4164:The short, brutal life of male chickens 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3736: 3380: 2792: 2515: 2487: 2461: 2459: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2241: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2124:Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag 1792:American Veterinary Medical Association 1711:American Veterinary Medical Association 1563: 1561: 1559: 995:-based company Steinsland & Co and 841:(grinding) of male chicks, but not the 513:United States Department of Agriculture 269:American Veterinary Medical Association 9383: 4400:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 3950: 3896:Kjøtt- og fjørfebransjens Landsforbund 3710: 3391:"Verbied het doden van eendagskuikens" 3162:Martijn van Rossum (4 February 2020). 2758: 2654:"Egg tests for humane chicken farming" 2634:from the original on December 19, 2019 2307: 2272:Aurora Cancela Pérez (27 March 2020). 2208: 2171: 2139: 2101: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1787:"Executive Board meets pressing needs" 1784: 1759: 1322: 1320: 833:On 8 July 2021, the Belgian region of 774: Planned ban on all chick culling 646: Planned ban on all chick culling 590:Legal challenge in Germany (2013–2019) 8975: 8689:People associated with animal welfare 8649:Animal welfare and rights legislation 7542:Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research 7065: 6611:Political Animals and Animal Politics 6415: 6199:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 6124:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 6025: 5006: 4536:Concentrated animal feeding operation 4313:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 4268:Animal rights by country or territory 4244: 4206: 4148:. (includes graphic video on culling) 3683:Thompson, Hannah (February 8, 2022). 3133:Caroline Quevrain (28 January 2020). 2619: 2588: 2586: 2262: 2040: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1785:Kahler, Susan C (September 1, 2006). 1731: 1729: 1479:"Contactless, modular, and versatile" 1455:"We care about the welfare of chicks" 1402:Le Blond, Josie (December 22, 2018). 1291: 1112:Brulliard, Karin (October 27, 2016). 866:). Therefore, on 29 August 2022, the 113:are also culled in the production of 99:differ from meat production strains ( 8669:Animal welfare and rights by country 7577:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 7522:List of animal welfare organizations 6342:Animalist Party with the Environment 4629:Animal testing on non-human primates 3937: 3916: 3910: 3878: 3847: 3796: 3756: 3600: 3575: 3549: 3523: 3497: 3471: 3228: 3222: 2736: 2465: 2456: 2390: 2328: 2292: 2230: 1556: 1531: 743:Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 8885:Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022 6766:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 4976:World Day for the End of Speciesism 4010:Fabian Brockotter (24 April 2020). 3951:Watson, Elaine (13 December 2023). 3421:Martijn van Rossum (15 June 2021). 3074: 3043: 2939:"Loi sur la protection des animaux" 2620:Vogel, Gretchen (August 14, 2019). 2561: 2516:Toliver, Zachary (March 13, 2017). 2488:Gillick, Kathryn (April 22, 2003). 1992: 1918:Josie Le Blond (22 December 2018). 1880: 1867: 1317: 667:amended its Animal Protection Act ( 156:meat breeds, chickens were largely 152:Prior to the development of modern 13: 9228:Avian infectious laryngotracheitis 8926:Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998 7091: 6891:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 6234:United Activists for Animal Rights 6144:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 4283:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 3988:(in Dutch and French). 16 May 2024 3892:"Styrker seg i rugerikonkurransen" 3257: 2583: 2466:Wray, Meaghan (January 16, 2020). 2209:Harris, Catherine (12 June 2016). 1946:"Redder van de nutteloze haantjes" 1806: 1726: 14: 9432: 9243:Histomoniasis (blackhead disease) 7557:National Anti-Vivisection Society 6435:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 6395:Animal Rights National Conference 6318:Animal Protection Party of Canada 6275:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 6129:Chinese Animal Protection Network 6054:American Anti-Vivisection Society 5533:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 4288:Animal rights in Indian religions 4278:Animal rights and punk subculture 4232: 4152:Germany Ponders the Super Chicken 4133: 3711:Webber, Jemima (11 August 2022). 3535:Portail environnement de Wallonie 2955:Loi sur la protection des animaux 2941:[Animal Protection Act]. 2897:"Animal protection in Luxembourg" 1620:Saraswathy, M. (4 October 2014). 737:In July 2020, after appeals from 669:Loi sur la protection des animaux 340:Male chicks prepared to be killed 9288:Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome 8956: 8955: 7283:Intrinsic value in animal ethics 7042: 7041: 6603:Animal Rights Without Liberation 6254:Voice for Animals Humane Society 4986:World Day for the End of Fishing 4981:World Day for Laboratory Animals 4411:Equal consideration of interests 4105: 4081: 4053: 4031: 2054:Fanny Ohier (10 February 2020). 1999:Melanie Epp (19 December 2016). 621:Political efforts (2018–present) 543:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 164:at as young an age as possible. 27:, seconds before they are killed 9157:Abnormal behaviour in captivity 8943:List of animal rights advocates 6324:Animal Justice Party of Finland 6209:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 5423:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 5011:(academics, writers, activists) 4904:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 4183:via YouTube. November 25, 2015. 4069:(Press release). March 25, 2021 3970: 3822: 3737:Buckley, Cara (28 March 2024). 3730: 3704: 3676: 3625: 3324: 3298: 3155: 3037: 3009: 2885: 2861: 2802:Michiel Elands (12 July 2021). 2772:Michiel Elands (12 July 2021). 2737:Ryan, Jackson (March 7, 2019). 2730: 2706: 2682: 2664: 2646: 2555: 2537: 2509: 2481: 2402:Louise Gray (4 November 2010). 2202: 2117:Dirk Fisser (23 October 2019). 2076: 2018: 1964: 1937: 1861: 1835: 1778: 1753: 1695: 1668: 1641: 1587: 1544:from the original on 2015-03-06 1532:Saul, Heather (March 5, 2015). 1495: 1471: 1447: 1423: 1395: 1379:"U.S. Chicken Industry History" 1371: 1257:World's Poultry Science Journal 908:Business efforts (2018–present) 731:Spanish Ministry of Agriculture 444:British Egg Information Service 7367:Animal Defenders International 7223:Abnormal behaviours in animals 6547:Animals, Property, and the Law 4624:Alternatives to animal testing 4293:Christianity and animal rights 3810:(in Ukrainian). 29 August 2022 2562:Lin, Doris (January 8, 2018). 1944:Kees de Vré (9 October 2013). 1714:. 2020. pp. 26–27, 44, 47 1346: 1244: 1214: 1193:Blakemore, Erin (2016-06-13). 1105: 1076: 965:The German supermarket chains 762: Ban on all chick culling 634: Ban on all chick culling 273:asphyxiation by carbon dioxide 148:Chicks bred in the early 1900s 1: 7552:National Animal Welfare Trust 7462:Farm Animal Welfare Committee 7387:Animal Welfare Board of India 7263:Ethics of uncertain sentience 6184:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 4894:Cambridge University primates 4426:Ethics of uncertain sentience 2242:Efskind, Kaja (16 May 2023). 1069: 927:in the Netherlands, July 2021 604:In 2013, the German state of 331: 214:controlled atmosphere killing 171:" were sold to the public in 9238:Avian sarcoma leukosis virus 8909:Horse Protection Act of 1970 7497:Humane Slaughter Association 7492:Humane Society International 6244:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 4394:Argument from marginal cases 3485:(in Dutch). 12 November 2022 3459:(in Dutch). Dutch Parliament 3368:(in Dutch). Dutch Parliament 3229:Bahn, Divya (28 July 2020). 3025:(in French). 30 October 2019 2547:. Vegsoc.org. Archived from 2342:(in Swedish). 3 January 2024 2181:Anne Beston (7 April 2001). 2149:Chris Koenis (24 May 2016). 1383:The National Chicken Council 1019:, reached an agreement with 955:French retail multinational 611:Federal Administrative Court 599:Federal Administrative Court 436:Humane Slaughter Association 408:Swedish Board of Agriculture 35:Chicks ground by a macerator 7: 9001: 8891:Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 8820:Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo 7527:League Against Cruel Sports 7502:International Animal Rescue 7427:Compassion in World Farming 6531:Morals, Reason, and Animals 6159:Farm Animal Rights Movement 6109:Anonymous for the Voiceless 4798:International primate trade 4273:Anarchism and animal rights 3917:Iske, Katrin (8 May 2023). 2545:"Egg laying and male birds" 1892:Esther Han (11 June 2016). 1600:September 27, 2007, at the 1575:(in Dutch). 4 February 2020 1042: 243:Permitted methods in the EU 162:determine the sex of chicks 23:Male chicks on a macerator 10: 9437: 8879:Animal Welfare Act of 1966 8856:Animal testing regulations 7253:Compassionate conservation 6651:Making a Stand for Animals 6523:The Case for Animal Rights 6174:Hunt Saboteurs Association 6134:Cruelty Free International 6104:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 4634:Animal testing regulations 3783:(in Ukrainian). April 2023 3511:(in French). 11 March 2021 3280:"Kükentöten wird verboten" 2001:"Hypereye: A game changer" 1819:"Poultry Code of Practice" 948:German supermarket chains 692:current legislative period 496: 185: 139: 70:. However, some certified 9310:Infectious bursal disease 9299:Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 9213: 9170: 9082: 9059: 9009: 8951: 8935: 8848: 8790:International Primate Day 8740: 8702: 8626: 8441: 8383:Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell 8270: 8261: 7901: 7730: 7721: 7640: 7354: 7306: 7215: 7177:Welfare of farmed insects 7099: 7037: 7010: 6957: 6907: 6847: 6840: 6806:The Ghosts in Our Machine 6661: 6643:Animal Ethics in the Wild 6426: 6422: 6411: 6387: 6298: 6262: 6079:Animal Legal Defense Fund 6046: 6039: 6035: 6021: 5858: 5582: 5575: 5378:William Hamilton Drummond 5320: 5029: 5020: 5016: 5002: 4963: 4942: 4881: 4831: 4773: 4745: 4737:Welfare of farmed insects 4682: 4614: 4506: 4499: 4364:Animal–industrial complex 4331: 4255: 4251: 4240: 3284:German Federal Government 2986:David Hiez (1 May 2024). 2564:"What Are Animal Rights?" 2005:Canadian Poultry Magazine 1898:The Sydney Morning Herald 1049:Animal–industrial complex 932:German supermarket chain 583:fluorescence spectroscopy 575:Technische Hochschule OWL 320:A combination of methods. 305:Manual Blunt Force Trauma 286:eggs. The policy states: 9074:List of poultry feathers 8099:Alasdair Alpin MacGregor 7649:American Humane Magazine 7567:Party for Animal Welfare 7392:Animal Welfare Institute 7192:Feedback (pork industry) 7142:Intensive animal farming 6884:Journal of Animal Ethics 6750:Your Mommy Kills Animals 6139:Direct Action Everywhere 5548:Johann Heinrich Winckler 5493:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 4950:Direct Action Everywhere 4654:Huntingdon Life Sciences 4639:Labcorp Drug Development 4596:Feedback (pork industry) 4561:Intensive animal farming 4298:History of animal rights 3399:(in Dutch). 16 June 2021 2945:(in French). 6 June 2018 2936:(explanation in French) 2915:(legislation in French) 2869:"In-Ovo Sexing Overview" 980:Dutch supermarket chain 972:Dutch supermarket chain 462:Controversy and phaseout 420:claim). A November 2010 52:intensive animal farming 9365:Tibial dyschondroplasia 9360:Squamous cell carcinoma 9069:List of chicken colours 8903:EU Directive 1999/74/EC 8897:EU Directive 2010/63/EU 8873:Animal Welfare Act 2006 8867:Animal Welfare Act 1999 8830:Surin Elephant Round-up 8634:Animal advocacy parties 8169:Thomas Bywater Smithies 8139:Maude Gillette Phillips 8129:Catherine Louisa Pirkis 8039:Catherine Victoria Hall 7627:World Animal Protection 7622:Wildlife Aid Foundation 7019:Holocaust on your Plate 6790:An Apology to Elephants 6571:Do Animals Have Rights? 6507:Animals, Men and Morals 6483:Better-World Philosophy 6360:Italian Animalist Party 6239:United Poultry Concerns 6194:Last Chance for Animals 6089:Animal Liberation Front 5976:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 4466:Replaceability argument 4384:Animal-free agriculture 3664:. Reuters. 18 July 2021 3639:(in French). 2021-07-18 3613:(in French). GAIA. 2024 3075:AFP (28 January 2020). 3044:AFP (13 January 2020). 2984:(commentary in French) 2495:United Poultry Concerns 2090:(in French). 2019-11-15 1766:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca 1358:eurogroupforanimals.org 1084:"Lay Thee Down To Rest" 493:A female chick hatching 8805:Monkey Buffet Festival 7959:Gerard Lysley Derriman 7612:Toronto Humane Society 7278:Humane law enforcement 7238:Animal welfare science 7228:Animal psychopathology 6992:Salvation of Innocents 6539:Zoos and Animal Rights 6114:Beauty Without Cruelty 6074:Animal Justice Project 5413:John Zephaniah Holwell 5067:Stephen St. C. Bostock 4644:Great ape research ban 4263:Animal rights movement 3588:(in Dutch). GAIA. 2024 3235:The New Indian Express 2188:The New Zealand Herald 1844:"The cure for culling" 928: 897: 862:(signed in 2014 after 788: 660: 606:North Rhine-Westphalia 601: 494: 349: 341: 195: 194:Chick grinding machine 149: 44:unwanted chick killing 36: 28: 8732:Tza'ar ba'alei chayim 7989:Agnes Estcourt-Oswald 7748:Matthew E. Bershadker 7705:The Animals' Guardian 7457:Eurogroup for Animals 7341:Pain in invertebrates 7248:Behavioral enrichment 7182:Wild animal suffering 7147:Intensive pig farming 7011:Fairs and exhibitions 6898:The Animals' Defender 6870:Cahiers antispécistes 6798:Speciesism: The Movie 6619:Animal (De)liberation 6579:Striking at the Roots 6491:The Universal Kinship 6451:The Rights of Animals 6372:People Animals Nature 6366:Party for the Animals 6179:In Defense of Animals 5941:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 5333:David Renaud Boullier 4919:Silver Spring monkeys 4818:Wild animal suffering 4727:Pain in invertebrates 4566:Intensive pig farming 4456:Opposition to hunting 4421:Ethics of eating meat 3986:ejustice.just.fgov.be 3898:(in Norwegian Bokmål) 3866:(in Norwegian Bokmål) 3835:. European Parliament 3561:Parlement de Wallonie 2894:(summary in English) 2551:on February 22, 2009. 2250:(in Norwegian Bokmål) 991:Norway: In May 2023, 922: 888: 798:On 15 June 2021, the 756: 628: 597: 492: 347: 339: 226:; the neck is broken. 193: 147: 34: 22: 9273:Dermanyssus gallinae 8825:Running of the bulls 8544:Francis Orpen Morris 8229:Caroline Earle White 8144:Samuel Jackson Pratt 8069:Velma Bronn Johnston 7939:Victoria Braithwaite 7818:Emily Patterson-Kane 7768:Judy MacArthur Clark 7382:Animal Aid Unlimited 7372:Animal Welfare Party 7258:Conservation welfare 7202:Ventilation shutdown 6627:Sentientist Politics 6555:The Lives of Animals 6306:Animal Justice Party 6119:Born Free Foundation 5956:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 5830:Wendy Turner-Webster 5543:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 4765:Recreational fishing 4606:Ventilation shutdown 4374:Animal protectionism 4354:Animal consciousness 4089:"Inline XBRL Viewer" 4066:United Egg Producers 3830:"Male chick culling" 1848:The New Food Economy 1013:United Egg Producers 745:, the government of 715:Agence France-Presse 562:In spring 2021, the 481:, including chicks. 224:Cervical dislocation 81:cervical dislocation 8750:Blessing of animals 8584:William O. Stillman 8539:Basheer Ahmad Masri 8499:J. Morewood Dowsett 8494:Christian Adam Dann 8244:Alice Morgan Wright 8179:Ellin Prince Speyer 7999:Aida McAnn Flemming 7994:Edward G. Fairholme 7924:Madeleine Bemelmans 7778:Peter Ronald Davies 7632:World Horse Welfare 7537:Network for Animals 7417:Blue Cross of India 7331:Pain in crustaceans 7326:Pain in cephalopods 7293:Three Rs principles 7137:Eating live seafood 7132:Eating live animals 7127:Livestock dehorning 7051:( 139 ) 6877:Etica & Animali 6863:Between the Species 6587:An American Trilogy 6280:Humanitarian League 5891:Frances Power Cobbe 5508:Arthur Schopenhauer 5503:Henry Stephens Salt 5383:Edward Payson Evans 5077:Stephen R. L. Clark 4934:War of the currents 4823:Wildlife management 4717:Pain in crustaceans 4712:Pain in cephalopods 4199:. February 8, 2020. 4196:New York Daily News 4160:. October 16, 2013. 2438:The Washington Post 2408:The Daily Telegraph 1301:Hughes, I. (2014). 1232:. 22 September 2021 1226:RSPCA Knowledgebase 1118:The Washington Post 299:Anesthetic Overdose 158:dual-purpose breeds 9396:Cruelty to animals 9253:Campylobacteriosis 8815:Pushkar Camel Fair 8674:Cruelty to animals 8659:Animal sanctuaries 8599:D. G. M. Wood-Gush 8554:Siobhan O'Sullivan 8219:Christopher Wathes 8189:Elisabeth Svendsen 8164:Catherine Smithies 8024:Colesworthey Grant 7738:Michael C. Appleby 7572:People for Animals 7321:Pain in amphibians 7268:Ethical omnivorism 6814:Unlocking the Cage 6635:Wild Animal Ethics 6459:The Ethics of Diet 6336:Animalist Movement 6312:Animal Politics EU 6224:Sentience Politics 5850:That Vegan Teacher 5468:Siobhan O'Sullivan 5453:José Ferrater Mora 5262:Steve F. Sapontzis 4755:Commercial fishing 4707:Pain in amphibians 4697:Cruelty to animals 4669:Operation Backfire 4508:Animal agriculture 4416:Emotion in animals 4173:February 20, 2015. 4169:Al Jazeera America 3743:The New York Times 2943:ma.gouvernement.lu 2922:Deiereschutzgesetz 2873:Innovate Animal Ag 2678:. 16 January 2017. 2598:Innovate Animal Ag 929: 850:Julien Denormandie 789: 673:Deiereschutzgesetz 661: 602: 536:Raman spectroscopy 528:Leipzig University 495: 451:The Humane Society 350: 342: 196: 150: 93:selective breeding 37: 29: 9416:Intensive farming 9378: 9377: 9335:Newcastle disease 9315:Infectious coryza 8969: 8968: 8800:Dog Meat Festival 8775:Gadhimai festival 8622: 8621: 8564:Francis H. Rowley 8559:Charles Reinhardt 8489:Stephen Coleridge 8348:Alistair Lawrence 8283:Jonathan Balcombe 8257: 8256: 8199:Ralph Waldo Trine 8184:Christine Stevens 8119:Lady Mount Temple 8049:Rachel Hirschfeld 7919:H. Baillie-Weaver 7656:Animal Protection 7532:Marine Connection 7197:Foam depopulation 7122:Cormorant culling 7059: 7058: 7052: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7000:Onward to Freedom 6968:Animal Liberation 6953: 6952: 6774:Forks Over Knives 6726:Peaceable Kingdom 6686:Shores of Silence 6678:A Cow at My Table 6563:Eternal Treblinka 6515:Animal Liberation 6407: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6294: 6293: 6229:Uncaged Campaigns 6204:Mercy for Animals 6169:Great Ape Project 6084:Animal Liberation 6030:(groups, parties) 6017: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6009: 6008: 5916:Elizabeth Farians 5825:Christine Townend 5765:Heather Nicholson 5695:Brigitte Gothière 5685:Antoine Goetschel 5571: 5570: 5232:Charles Patterson 5137:Gary L. Francione 5112:Josephine Donovan 5102:Daniel Dombrowski 5082:Alasdair Cochrane 4998: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4877: 4876: 4808:Predation problem 4692:Animal euthanasia 4601:Foam depopulation 4436:Insects in ethics 4145:Mercy for Animals 3286:. 20 January 2021 3111:. 29 January 2020 2972:. 6 December 2023 2248:Dyrevernalliansen 1627:Business Standard 1269:10.1079/WPS200575 1164:10.3382/ps/pex389 1021:The Humane League 568:mass spectrometry 88:within a second. 9428: 9122:Broiler industry 8996: 8989: 8982: 8973: 8972: 8959: 8958: 8915:Hunting Act 2004 8840:World Animal Day 8765:Combat de Reines 8654:Animal sacrifice 8569:W. M. S. Russell 8549:George Nicholson 8449:George T. Angell 8393:Susan J. Pearson 8293:Geoffrey Barstow 8268: 8267: 8234:Emily Williamson 8094:Victoria Lidiard 8044:Edward Hemingway 8029:George Greenwood 7969:Marjorie Doggett 7893:Tina M. Widowski 7868:Adolfo Sansolini 7743:Cynthia Bathurst 7728: 7727: 7698:Our Dumb Animals 7309:nonhuman animals 7187:Wildlife farming 7086: 7079: 7072: 7063: 7062: 7050: 7045: 7044: 6856:Animal Sentience 6845: 6844: 6710:Legally Blonde 2 6670:The Animals Film 6424: 6423: 6413: 6412: 6219:Rise for Animals 6044: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6023: 6022: 5886:Edith Carrington 5790:Craig Rosebraugh 5755:Virginia McKenna 5745:Jo-Anne McArthur 5675:Juliet Gellatley 5580: 5579: 5538:Mary Anne Warren 5478:Humphrey Primatt 5463:Edward Nicholson 5433:Charles R. Magel 5398:Thomas G. Gentry 5257:Richard D. Ryder 5197:Thomas Lepeltier 5027: 5026: 5018: 5017: 5004: 5003: 4971:World Animal Day 4929:Unnecessary Fuss 4889:Brown Dog affair 4859:Animals in sport 4849:Animal slaughter 4844:Animal sacrifice 4783:Culling wildlife 4586:Wildlife farming 4504: 4503: 4349:Animal cognition 4318:Total liberation 4253: 4252: 4242: 4241: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4007: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3983: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3948: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3887: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3856: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3834: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3782: 3767: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3717:Plant Based News 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3612: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3448: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3418: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3387: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3199: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3072: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3013: 3007: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2970:wdocs-pub.chd.lu 2967: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2839: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2799: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2769: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2724: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2690:"Egg-Tech Prize" 2686: 2680: 2679: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2627:Science Magazine 2617: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2604: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2428: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2399: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2366: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2305: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2269: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2239: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2178: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2146: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2114: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2051: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1889: 1878: 1877: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1815: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1733: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1707: 1699: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1617: 1604: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1565: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1529: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1490: 1489: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1441: 1431:"Respeggt Group" 1427: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1324: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1298: 1289: 1288: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1190: 1177: 1176: 1166: 1142: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1090:. Archived from 1080: 816:Leonie Vestering 808:Sandra Beckerman 800:Dutch parliament 785: 779: 773: 767: 761: 703:Didier Guillaume 677:Tierschutzgesetz 663:On 6 June 2018, 657: 651: 645: 639: 633: 455:Associated Press 134:EU member states 9436: 9435: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9426: 9425: 9421:Poultry farming 9381: 9380: 9379: 9374: 9325:Marek's disease 9233:Avian influenza 9209: 9166: 9117:Poultry farming 9112:Chicken tractor 9102:Furnished cages 9078: 9055: 9005: 9000: 8970: 8965: 8947: 8931: 8844: 8742: 8736: 8704: 8698: 8618: 8594:Ernst von Weber 8529:E. Douglas Hume 8454:Patrick Bateson 8437: 8433:Peter Wohlleben 8378:Virginia Morell 8358:Jeremy Marchant 8353:David Macdonald 8343:Barbara J. King 8263: 8253: 8239:H. Fergie Woods 8114:Shirley McGreal 8009:Basil Goldstone 7979:Alice Drakoules 7909:Gertrude Ansell 7897: 7833:Christine Nicol 7723: 7717: 7636: 7592:RSPCA Australia 7422:Cats Protection 7377:American Humane 7350: 7316:Pain in animals 7308: 7302: 7298:Welfare biology 7211: 7162:Poultry farming 7095: 7090: 7060: 7055: 7025: 7006: 6949: 6930:Muutoksen kevät 6903: 6836: 6742:Behind the Mask 6657: 6467:Animals' Rights 6418: 6399: 6383: 6290: 6258: 6031: 6005: 5866:Cleveland Amory 5854: 5820:Darren Thurston 5815:Marianne Thieme 5670:Bruce Friedrich 5635:Joey Carbstrong 5620:Brigitte Bardot 5567: 5558:Jon Wynne-Tyson 5448:J. Howard Moore 5393:John Galsworthy 5373:Wilhelm Dietler 5316: 5312:Corey Lee Wrenn 5222:Martha Nussbaum 5132:Lawrence Finsen 5072:Paola Cavalieri 5047:Kristin Andrews 5022: 5012: 4990: 4959: 4938: 4873: 4827: 4769: 4741: 4702:Pain in animals 4678: 4610: 4576:Poultry farming 4495: 4327: 4247: 4236: 4231: 4181:Animal Equality 4136: 4131: 4130: 4121: 4119: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4097: 4095: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4008: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3981: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3949: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3915: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3888: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3769: 3768: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3681: 3677: 3667: 3665: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3642: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3483:Groen Kennisnet 3477: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3449: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3419: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3389: 3388: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3358: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3264: 3262: 3256: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3200: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3160: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3131: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3073: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3015: 3014: 3010: 2997: 2995: 2975: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2901:gouvernement.lu 2895: 2890: 2886: 2877: 2875: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2841: 2840: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2800: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2770: 2759: 2749: 2747: 2735: 2731: 2722: 2720: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2698: 2696: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2660:. 9 April 2015. 2652: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2618: 2611: 2602: 2600: 2592: 2591: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2560: 2556: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2457: 2447: 2445: 2429: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2400: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2367: 2358: 2345: 2343: 2340:Jordbruksverket 2334: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2306: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2270: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2240: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2179: 2172: 2162: 2160: 2147: 2140: 2130: 2128: 2115: 2102: 2093: 2091: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2052: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2009: 2007: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1981: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1926: 1916: 1912: 1902: 1900: 1890: 1881: 1868:Shannon, Joel. 1866: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1840: 1836: 1827: 1825: 1817: 1816: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1783: 1779: 1770: 1768: 1758: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1735: 1734: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1673: 1669: 1659: 1657: 1646: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1618: 1607: 1602:Wayback Machine 1592: 1588: 1578: 1576: 1567: 1566: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1538:The independent 1530: 1521: 1512: 1510: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1463: 1461: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1439: 1437: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1414: 1412: 1400: 1396: 1387: 1385: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1363: 1361: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1337: 1335: 1325: 1318: 1308: 1306: 1299: 1292: 1249: 1245: 1235: 1233: 1230:RSPCA Australia 1220: 1219: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1191: 1180: 1151:Poultry Science 1143: 1132: 1122: 1120: 1110: 1106: 1097: 1095: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1045: 910: 894: 891: 804:Carola Schouten 787: 783: 781: 777: 775: 771: 769: 765: 763: 759: 720: 688:Grand Coalition 659: 655: 653: 649: 647: 643: 641: 637: 635: 631: 623: 592: 509:chemical assays 501: 487: 479:food production 475:sentient beings 464: 406:Sweden: A 2026 374: 334: 265: 245: 188: 142: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9434: 9424: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9391:Animal culling 9376: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9219: 9217: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9132:Forced molting 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9088: 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9076: 9071: 9065: 9063: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9027: 9026: 9015: 9013: 9007: 9006: 8999: 8998: 8991: 8984: 8976: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8939: 8937: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8923: 8918: 8912: 8906: 8900: 8894: 8888: 8882: 8876: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8852: 8850: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8755:Bous al carrer 8752: 8746: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8708: 8706: 8705:considerations 8700: 8699: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8664:Animal testing 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8639:Animal killing 8636: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8616: 8614:William Youatt 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8579:Colin Spedding 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8534:James Macaulay 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8514:Ralph Fletcher 8511: 8509:George Fleming 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8445: 8443: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8435: 8430: 8428:Jennifer Skiff 8425: 8420: 8418:Matthew Scully 8415: 8410: 8405: 8403:Jessica Pierce 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8323:Temple Grandin 8320: 8315: 8310: 8308:Marian Dawkins 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8274: 8272: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8251: 8249:Gretchen Wyler 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8149:Wilfred Risdon 8146: 8141: 8136: 8134:Eliza Phillips 8131: 8126: 8124:Harriet Nevins 8121: 8116: 8111: 8109:Richard Martin 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8059:Clive Hollands 8056: 8054:Sjoerd Hofstra 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7974:Muriel Dowding 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7944:Roger A. Caras 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7914:Emily Appleton 7911: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7848:Ilka Reinhardt 7845: 7843:Sharon Pincott 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7823:Philip Lymbery 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7773:Kendra Coulter 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7753:Christa Blanke 7750: 7745: 7740: 7734: 7732: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7715: 7712:The Zoophilist 7708: 7701: 7694: 7687: 7684:Human Advocate 7680: 7673: 7666: 7663:Animal Welfare 7659: 7652: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7437:Cinnamon Trust 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7358: 7356: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7233:Animal shelter 7230: 7225: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7107:Abandoned pets 7103: 7101: 7097: 7096: 7093:Animal welfare 7089: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7066: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6980: 6972: 6963: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6851: 6849: 6842: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6826: 6818: 6810: 6802: 6794: 6786: 6778: 6770: 6762: 6754: 6746: 6738: 6730: 6722: 6714: 6706: 6702:Meet Your Meat 6698: 6690: 6682: 6674: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6647: 6639: 6631: 6623: 6615: 6607: 6599: 6591: 6583: 6575: 6567: 6559: 6551: 6543: 6535: 6527: 6519: 6511: 6503: 6499:The New Ethics 6495: 6487: 6479: 6471: 6463: 6455: 6447: 6439: 6430: 6428: 6420: 6419: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6330:Animals' Party 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6277: 6272: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6099:AnimaNaturalis 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6069:Animal Justice 6066: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6048: 6041: 6033: 6032: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 6001:Gretchen Wyler 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5931:Lewis Gompertz 5928: 5923: 5921:Emarel Freshel 5918: 5913: 5911:Muriel Dowding 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5845:Gary Yourofsky 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5760:Ingrid Newkirk 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5705:Charlotte Laws 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5630:Yves Bonnardel 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5605:Martin Balluch 5602: 5597: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5553:Steven M. Wise 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5498:Bernard Rollin 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5458:Leonard Nelson 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5363:Herman Daggett 5360: 5355: 5353:Priscilla Cohn 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5328:Jeremy Bentham 5324: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5242:Jessica Pierce 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5172:Kyle Johannsen 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5097:David DeGrazia 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5037:Carol J. Adams 5033: 5031: 5024: 5014: 5013: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4909:Pit of despair 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4839:Abandoned pets 4835: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4686: 4684:Animal welfare 4680: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4659:Model organism 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4616:Animal testing 4612: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4591:Working animal 4588: 4583: 4581:Slaughterhouse 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4556:Insect farming 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4516:Animal product 4512: 4510: 4501: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4471:Sentiocentrism 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4379:Animal welfare 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4249: 4248: 4238: 4237: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4184: 4174: 4161: 4149: 4135: 4134:External links 4132: 4129: 4128: 4104: 4080: 4052: 4030: 3999: 3969: 3936: 3909: 3877: 3846: 3821: 3795: 3755: 3729: 3703: 3675: 3649: 3624: 3599: 3574: 3548: 3522: 3496: 3470: 3457:tweedekamer.nl 3440: 3410: 3379: 3366:tweedekamer.nl 3349: 3336:Deutsche Welle 3323: 3297: 3271: 3247: 3221: 3181: 3154: 3140:La Chaîne Info 3122: 3094: 3064: 3036: 3008: 3006: 3005: 2982: 2958: 2934: 2913: 2884: 2860: 2849:. 13 June 2019 2821: 2791: 2757: 2729: 2705: 2681: 2663: 2645: 2609: 2582: 2554: 2536: 2508: 2480: 2455: 2420: 2389: 2356: 2327: 2291: 2261: 2229: 2201: 2170: 2138: 2100: 2075: 2039: 2017: 1991: 1980:. 20 July 2016 1963: 1936: 1910: 1879: 1860: 1834: 1805: 1777: 1752: 1725: 1694: 1667: 1640: 1605: 1586: 1555: 1519: 1494: 1470: 1446: 1422: 1394: 1370: 1345: 1316: 1290: 1263:(4): 633–646. 1243: 1213: 1178: 1157:(3): 749–757. 1130: 1104: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1029: 1025: 1005: 1004: 989: 985: 978: 970: 963: 960: 953: 946: 909: 906: 782: 776: 770: 764: 758: 718: 684:Julia Klöckner 654: 648: 642: 636: 630: 622: 619: 591: 588: 497:Main article: 486: 483: 467:Animal welfare 463: 460: 459: 458: 447: 414: 411: 404: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 382: 379: 376: 372: 369: 366: 333: 330: 322: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 292: 291: 264: 261: 260: 259: 256: 249:European Union 244: 241: 240: 239: 233: 227: 221: 218:carbon dioxide 208:(also called ' 203: 187: 184: 141: 138: 122:animal welfare 91:Due to modern 72:pasture-raised 56:egg production 50:for which the 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9433: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9371: 9370:Toxoplasmosis 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9223:Aspergillosis 9221: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9212: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9147:Chick culling 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9127:Beak trimming 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9081: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9058: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9025: 9022: 9021: 9020: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9004: 8997: 8992: 8990: 8985: 8983: 8978: 8977: 8974: 8962: 8954: 8953: 8950: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8934: 8928:(Philippines) 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8910: 8907: 8904: 8901: 8898: 8895: 8892: 8889: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8877: 8874: 8871: 8868: 8865: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8835:Toro embolado 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8810:October Horse 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8785:Goose pulling 8783: 8781: 8780:Goat throwing 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8760:Cock throwing 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8739: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8701: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8644:Animal rights 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8625: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8604:Frans de Waal 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8574:Chris Sherwin 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8519:Ruth Harrison 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8484:Gerald Carson 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8474:Arthur Broome 8472: 8470: 8469:Edward Berdoe 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8398:Dale Peterson 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8373:Sy Montgomery 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8288:Michael Balls 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8278:Arnold Arluke 8276: 8275: 8273: 8269: 8266: 8260: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8154:Peter Roberts 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014:Julia Goddard 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7984:Sarah J. Eddy 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7934:Mary Brancker 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7878:Karen Stockin 7876: 7874: 7873:Rakesh Shukla 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7863:Sepehr Salimi 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7853:Jill Robinson 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7838:Wayne Pacelle 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7828:Damien Mander 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7813:Kathrin Glock 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7803:Alison Hanlon 7801: 7799: 7798:Celia Hammond 7796: 7794: 7793:Robin Ganzert 7791: 7789: 7788:Alanna Devine 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7726: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7700: 7699: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7672: 7671: 7670:AWI Quarterly 7667: 7665: 7664: 7660: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7651: 7650: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7482:Humane Canada 7480: 7478: 7477:Hedgehog Care 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7402:Band of Mercy 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355:Organisations 7353: 7347: 7346:Grimace scale 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7273:Five freedoms 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7243:Anthrozoology 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7157:Dairy farming 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7117:Chick culling 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7082: 7080: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7067: 7064: 7048: 7040: 7039: 7036: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7002: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6976:Tame Yourself 6973: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6937:No Compromise 6934: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6839: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6438:(3rd century) 6437: 6436: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6410: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6368:(Netherlands) 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6094:Animal Rising 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6064:Animal Ethics 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5961:Jessie Mackay 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5936:James Granger 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5871:Henry B. Amos 5869: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5840:Louise Wallis 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805:Kim Stallwood 5803: 5801: 5800:Jasmin Singer 5798: 5796: 5795:Nathan Runkle 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5780:David Olivier 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5665:John Feldmann 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5640:Aymeric Caron 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5610:Carole Baskin 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5513:Laurids Smith 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5483:James Rachels 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5428:John Lawrence 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5338:Brigid Brophy 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5302:Tatjana Višak 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5292:David Sztybel 5290: 5288: 5287:Cass Sunstein 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5252:Mark Rowlands 5250: 5248: 5247:Evelyn Pluhar 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5202:Andrew Linzey 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5187:Will Kymlicka 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5167:Dale Jamieson 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5147:Valéry Giroux 5145: 5143: 5142:Robert Garner 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5107:Sue Donaldson 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5087:J. M. Coetzee 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5052:Tom Beauchamp 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4955:Hunt sabotage 4953: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943:Methodologies 4941: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4788:Hare coursing 4786: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4531:Chick culling 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4491:Vegetarianism 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4389:Anthrozoology 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4359:Animal ethics 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4234:Animal rights 4228: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4209: 4208: 4205: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4056: 4040: 4034: 4019: 4018: 4017:Poultry World 4013: 4006: 4004: 3987: 3979: 3973: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3831: 3825: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3744: 3740: 3733: 3718: 3714: 3707: 3692: 3691: 3690:The Connexion 3686: 3679: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3638: 3637:leparisien.fr 3634: 3628: 3609: 3603: 3584: 3578: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3445: 3428: 3424: 3417: 3415: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3354: 3338:. 20 May 2021 3337: 3333: 3327: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3261: 3254: 3252: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3129: 3127: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3069: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3012: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2971: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2903:. 6 June 2018 2902: 2898: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2796: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2733: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2616: 2614: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2512: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2484: 2469: 2462: 2460: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2427: 2425: 2409: 2405: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2353: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2315: 2314:La Vanguardia 2311: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2279: 2278:Crónica Norte 2275: 2268: 2266: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2218: 2217: 2212: 2205: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2177: 2175: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2143: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2089: 2085: 2079: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2027: 2021: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1967: 1951: 1947: 1940: 1925: 1921: 1914: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1864: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1781: 1767: 1763: 1756: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1713: 1712: 1704: 1698: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1655: 1651: 1644: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1321: 1304: 1297: 1295: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1247: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1119: 1115: 1108: 1094:on 2022-06-20 1093: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017:United States 1014: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 983: 979: 975: 971: 968: 964: 961: 958: 954: 951: 947: 944: 940: 935: 931: 930: 926: 921: 917: 915: 905: 902: 896: 887: 885: 880: 878: 872: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 831: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 786: No data 755: 751: 748: 744: 740: 735: 732: 727: 722: 716: 710: 708: 704: 699: 695: 693: 689: 685: 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 658: No data 627: 618: 616: 612: 607: 600: 596: 587: 584: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 560: 557: 553: 551: 546: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 526:In 2015, the 524: 521: 516: 514: 510: 506: 500: 499:In-ovo sexing 491: 482: 480: 476: 472: 471:Animal rights 468: 456: 452: 448: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 424: 419: 415: 412: 409: 405: 402: 399: 396: 393: 390: 387: 383: 380: 377: 370: 367: 364: 363: 358: 357: 352: 351: 346: 338: 329: 325: 319: 316: 313: 310: 307: 304: 301: 298: 297: 296: 289: 288: 287: 285: 280: 276: 274: 270: 257: 254: 253: 252: 250: 237: 234: 231: 230:Electrocution 228: 225: 222: 219: 215: 211: 207: 204: 201: 200: 199: 192: 183: 181: 180:in-ovo sexing 176: 174: 170: 165: 163: 159: 155: 146: 137: 135: 131: 127: 126:in-ovo sexing 123: 118: 116: 112: 108: 104: 102: 98: 95:, laying hen 94: 89: 86: 82: 78: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 40:Chick culling 33: 26: 25:conveyor belt 21: 9297: 9205:Rooster Flag 9190:Cockfighting 9146: 9142:Chick sexing 9092:Battery cage 8504:Audrey Eyton 8459:Beddow Bayly 8423:Paul Shapiro 8388:Clare Palmer 8368:Daniel Mills 8363:Jeff McMahan 8328:Celia Haddon 8318:Jane Goodall 8303:Donald Broom 8271:Contemporary 8209:Ethel Venton 8204:Sidney Trist 8174:Herbert Snow 8079:Titus Lander 8074:Albert Knapp 8064:John A. 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