688:. Most recently, 226,000 Cubans immigrated to the United States in 2021 alone, with many of them settling in Miami. This number is expected to only grow in the upcoming years, as the poverty rate in Cuba remains high. In an interview on NBC news with a recent Cuban immigrant who came to Miami (name is unknown) she says these recent immigrants are struggling, as some are packing houses with 20+ people, and many others are jobless and homeless. While this issue is a difficult one to solve, the issue is only going to be an ongoing one. NBC news also had an interview with an anonymous worker in asylum seeking, where the anonymous worker says she's never seen the office so overflown with people. This interview took place in January 2023, so it is safe to say that we can expect many more Cubans to enter Miami in the upcoming year.
362:'s administration were among those who arrived in Miami. The Miami Cubans received assimilation aid from the federal government. The Cubans established businesses in Miami. The Cubans arriving after 1980 did so primarily because of economic reasons. In 1960, the Hispanic population in Miami was 50,000; in 1980, the Hispanic population grew to 580,000. Cubans were the main source of this Hispanic growth in the city, as many Cubans came to Miami at the time due to Cuba's poor economy and a high poverty rate, as well as the dictatorship of Fidel Castro at the time. Essentially, the coexistence of growth and internationalization within Miami-Dade County has perpetuated an ethnically driven social polarization. The growing number of
38:
507:
1565:
1950:
390:
2806:
575:
deplores the fact that, only a small percentage of recent high school graduates were fluent in
Spanish; whereas the majority of second-generation Cuban immigrants spoke broken Spanish, and only spoke it in the home. "This was described as an alarming trend since it erodes Miami's advantage as a bilingual community and diminishes its economic competitiveness". During the 20th century, many Spanish-language newspapers were founded in Miami. "The
700:
298:
57:
1940:
714:
478:. But other Cubans already in the United States began to enter south Florida. Miami posted an in-migration of 35,776 Cubans from elsewhere in the United States between 1985 and 1990 and an emigration of 21,231, mostly to elsewhere in Florida. Flows to and from Miami account for 52 percent of all interregional migration in the Cuban settlement system". As of 2024, 60% of Miami- Dade County is estimated to be of Cuban origin.
641:. Trump sought to attract these voters by implementing anti-Cuba policies. The courting of Miami Cubans, including those who had recently arrived in the U.S. and those who are of younger demographics, contributed to Trump taking Florida's electoral votes. Miami-Dade County nevertheless voted for Joe Biden, but the margin of victory for the Democrats was lower than in the previous few election cycles.
377:, most of whom lived in Miami-Dade County. As of that year, about 400,000 had arrived after 1980. In a 2022 estimate, Greater Miami, showed a slight decrease to about 1,112,592. As of the 2020 census, there were 129,896 Cuban Americans living inside Miami city limits, representing about 29.3% of Miami and nearly half of the city's Hispanic/Latino population. Many Miami suburbs like
548:
populations; also it was spoken in more diverse settings in Miami than any other city. The 1970 census revealed that
Spanish speakers made up 24 percent of Miami's population. The Spanish language was becoming a norm in Miami as it was more extensively spoken by Miami's Cuban elite. Language became
457:
Cuban immigration greatly affected Miami's future demographics. For example, the net immigration of
African Americans into Miami was reduced during the 1960s in comparison to previous years. This was the result of Cuban immigrants competing for jobs that had often been afforded to African Americans
402:
Due to Miami's geographic proximity to Cuba it served as an easy location to migrate to for Cubans who were dissatisfied with poverty, or the various military dictatorships in Cuba. Many affluent Cuban families also sent their children to school in the United States, usually in Miami. Various Cuban
574:
Although the media in Miami allows a certain amount of cultural labeling to flourish within the community, it also portrays the growing importance and domination of Cuban immigrants. For example, the Miami Herald's June 14, 1996, headline reads "Vanishing
Spanish". The headline refers to, and
552:
Non-Hispanic communities began to oppose the rise of the
Spanish language as a growing force within Miami. This can be seen in the anti-bilingualism/English Only movement. This movement came about in 1980, after a long period of vast Cuban immigration and social reform. Language was becoming a
656:
spearheaded the effort to designate a park for the Cuban exile community. The sometimes controversial proposed park was known for much of the almost ten-year effort simply as the "Latin Park," and faced some pushback from non-Cuban residents. The park was unanimously approved by the Miami City
557:
public school program in the modern period (1963) and the first
English Only referendum (1980)". In fact the debates of English as Dade County's official language led to violent and dangerous riots in the 1980s. Cubans felt that by preserving their language, they were preserving a fundamental
429:
of 1959 large numbers of Cubans began to emigrate. Cubans settled in various places around the United States, but the majority settled in Miami-Dade County due to its proximity to Cuba and the Cuban community already present in the area. Many settled in the Miami neighborhood of
1280:
410:
By 1958 only about 10,000 Cubans lived in Miami, although affluent Cubans would often visit Miami for tourism and shopping. The tourist industry in Miami catered to Cuban visitors and tried to offer as many services in
Spanish as possible.
1078:
1906:
1002:
Winsberg, Morton D. (1979), "Housing
Segregation of a Predominantly Middle Class Population: Residential Patterns Developed by the Cuban Immigration into Miami, 1950-74", American Journal of Economics and Sociology,
3666:
441:
As Cubans became more settled in Miami-Dade County, more businesses and media outlets began catering to
Spanish speaking audiences. Large numbers of non-Hispanic residents began to leave the county in a case of
3636:
3651:
3440:
1075:
2565:
1936:
2690:
593:). As the Hispanic population has grown and achieved considerable economic success, it has also moved beyond Miami's city limits: Spanish-language newspapers are now published in adjacent
3136:
613:
each have
Spanish-language newspapers". Essentially, through the founding and growth of distinctly Hispanic newspapers, Cuban immigrants established a distinctly Latin American media.
366:
in the county have remained loyal to their cultural norms, mores, customs, language, and religious affiliations. The transnational force of immigration defines Miami as a growing
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1928:
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926:
3202:
4005:
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1542:
852:"Transforming a City | Puerto Rican/Cuban | Immigration and Relocation in U.S. History | Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress"
462:
rate-43.6 per 1,000. This, of course, stems from the huge Cuban presence in Dade County and is testimony to the holding power of the Cuban enclave in Miami".
3141:
3871:
277:
485:
and beyond. As Cubans continued to immigrate and become more settled in American society, many Cuban owned businesses began to prosper in the Miami area.
622:
1186:
1053:
Castro, Max, J. (1992), "The Politics of Language in Miami", Miami Now: Immigration, Ethnicity, and Social Change (University Press of Florida): 109-133
3346:
2600:
2311:
2036:
1139:
649:
As common meeting places, several parks in the greater Miami area reflect the influence of Cuban migration to the community and nod to Cuban culture.
3579:
3289:
2387:
2091:
2084:
3615:
3162:
2495:
1980:
1970:
326:
585:, in 1976". This addition received a vast amount of support and "by 1981 circulation reached 83,000 on weekdays and 94,000 for weekend editions.
3876:
3492:
3104:
3099:
2834:
2762:
2026:
1921:
17:
4000:
3321:
3301:
3085:
2016:
2006:
1339:
589:
is now published as an independent newspaper and reports a weekday circulation of about 100,000. It too is accessible on the World Wide Web (
915:
3656:
3646:
3851:
3512:
2740:
627:
The Cubans arriving after 1980 have closer ties to those remaining in Cuba. They tend to take charter flights to and from Miami to Cuba.
1062:
Croucher, Sheila, L. (1999), "Ethnic Inventions: Constructing and Deconstructing Miami's Culture Clash", The Pacific Historical Review,
458:
living in Miami. This reduction of immigration of non-Hispanics displayed the growing presence of Cubans in Miami. Miami "posts a low
3886:
3641:
3544:
3284:
3116:
2338:
2106:
1240:
2827:
2809:
2113:
1985:
1914:
549:
increasingly important in 20th-century Miami as a result of the Cuban influx and this had impacts on the non-Hispanic population.
88:
1306:
540:
With the emerging importance of ethnicity and the increased effects of segregation, Cubans within Miami attempted to maintain their
3995:
3866:
3584:
3326:
2878:
2590:
1869:
733:
343:
since 1959, creating what is known as "Cuban Miami." However, Miami reflects global trends as well, such as the growing trends of
3356:
3094:
3090:
2735:
927:
https://data.census.gov/table?t=403:4036&g=160XX00US1245000&d=DEC+Detailed+Demographic+and+Housing+Characteristics+File+A
235:
84:
3559:
3527:
3351:
3187:
2437:
2375:
31:
851:
3734:
2630:
92:
1160:
3729:
3564:
2189:
1990:
1975:
489:
319:
658:
354:
About 500,000 Cubans, many of them businessmen and professionals, arrived in Miami during a 15-year period after the 1959
3400:
3227:
3167:
3064:
2595:
2301:
676:. Additionally, other parks feature monuments and landmarks in honor of Cuban figures, such as the "MINOSO" sculpture in
3341:
2605:
2263:
1488:
1428:
1410:
1385:
1365:
1347:
253:
66:
1112:
3502:
2258:
2152:
1965:
1601:
984:
952:
223:
1020:
Skop, Emily H; Miyares, Ines M; Skop, Emily H (1997), "The Magnetism of Miami: Segmented Paths in Cuban Migration",
3699:
3589:
3222:
2999:
2850:
2463:
1944:
1881:
1864:
1586:
1212:
738:
2331:
2279:
4015:
3709:
3610:
3605:
3408:
3252:
2928:
2321:
2123:
1520:
1459:
312:
3470:
669:
3861:
3424:
3366:
2101:
1573:
1549:
1357:
974:
942:
791:
Stack, John F. Jr. (1999), "The Ethnic Citizen Confronts the Future: Los Angeles and Miami at Century's Turn",
259:
3911:
3795:
3661:
3517:
3384:
2665:
2558:
2485:
1773:
1661:
217:
2548:
3361:
3294:
3172:
2640:
1778:
1745:
1740:
283:
3242:
2715:
2253:
2194:
916:
https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03001:+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+ORIGIN+BY+SPECIFIC+ORIGIN&g=310XX00US33100
105:
77:
637:. Residents of Cuban descent often had an antagonism against leftist movements due to associations with
481:
Cubans continued to come to the United States and specifically Miami-Dade County, especially during the
3931:
3921:
3906:
3800:
3785:
3681:
3237:
2994:
2943:
2923:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2645:
2432:
2407:
2326:
488:
The population of Cuban Americans has experienced a surge in growth once again with the arrival of the
139:
2819:
4010:
3671:
3264:
3039:
2705:
2553:
2473:
2118:
1897:
1891:
1691:
1554:
1483:
754:
630:
In 2016 Hillary Clinton performed better than Obama in several heavily Cuban American neighborhoods.
559:
1140:"Presidential election: Here is why eastern Miami-Dade is celebrating and western Miami-Dade is not"
3973:
3901:
3724:
3274:
3247:
3182:
3034:
2933:
2610:
2538:
2370:
2069:
2041:
1402:
482:
131:
37:
4020:
3719:
3126:
3121:
3044:
3029:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2989:
2968:
2953:
2791:
2730:
2700:
1750:
1724:
1641:
1097:
Huntz, Maura E. (1996), "Spanish-Language Newspapers in the United States", Geographical Review,
374:
265:
247:
241:
229:
191:
544:. In Miami, the Spanish language was spoken to a larger extent than in other cities with large
3967:
3392:
2757:
2580:
1621:
1564:
3454:
3197:
3192:
2958:
2695:
2670:
2615:
2575:
1831:
1616:
2209:
3846:
3816:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3522:
3497:
2745:
2531:
2480:
2468:
2289:
2248:
2214:
2179:
2021:
1646:
759:
511:
179:
8:
3755:
3462:
3232:
3069:
3019:
2883:
2490:
2397:
2348:
2284:
2226:
2157:
1716:
1596:
1452:
1164:
743:
727:
185:
3760:
3549:
3331:
2725:
2680:
2620:
2236:
2219:
2140:
2096:
2051:
2011:
1876:
1768:
1760:
1037:
899:
808:
438:, where they found cheap housing, new jobs, and access to Spanish-speaking businesses.
209:
160:
48:
3569:
3916:
3891:
3770:
3750:
3574:
3417:
3279:
2710:
2511:
2353:
2316:
1846:
1676:
1636:
1626:
1530:
1424:
1406:
1381:
1361:
1343:
980:
948:
903:
673:
563:
451:
404:
389:
359:
340:
170:
2720:
2543:
506:
3881:
3856:
3532:
2963:
2948:
2770:
2660:
2453:
2199:
2147:
2079:
2074:
1671:
1525:
1493:
1394:
1191:
1029:
891:
800:
681:
606:
541:
426:
378:
355:
344:
121:
3896:
3821:
3049:
2784:
2516:
2458:
2427:
2343:
2135:
1841:
1245:
662:
598:
581:
501:
475:
351:; this reflects the way in which international politics shape local communities.
62:
3667:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
895:
653:
492:, where Cubans were intercepted at the Southern border over 300 thousand times.
381:, and many others especially in southern Miami-Dade county, are majority Cuban.
3946:
3936:
3704:
3432:
3059:
2675:
1836:
1686:
1537:
1445:
882:
Nijman, Jan (1997), "Globalization to a Latin Beat: The Miami Growth Machine",
705:
633:
In Miami-Dade County, in the 2020 election, Cuban Americans tended to vote for
447:
348:
302:
272:
3989:
3826:
3447:
2777:
2750:
2521:
2417:
2365:
2360:
2306:
1949:
1826:
1666:
1656:
1606:
1505:
1082:
837:
685:
531:
515:
471:
431:
403:
political leaders used Miami as a base of operations to organize against the
2031:
3951:
3714:
3137:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
3054:
2412:
2231:
2184:
2172:
2162:
1821:
1701:
1696:
1651:
1375:
1117:
638:
634:
576:
443:
1500:
3177:
3111:
2635:
2625:
2204:
2167:
2130:
1416:
1371:
832:
719:
677:
420:
370:, and the 20th century Cuban influx has greatly affected Miami's growth.
154:
976:
Havana USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959-1994
3941:
2849:
2650:
2422:
2402:
2392:
2382:
2294:
2046:
1856:
1795:
1783:
1581:
1510:
1307:"Historic wave of Cuban migrants will have a lasting impact on Florida"
812:
764:
459:
367:
201:
41:
The 2000 U.S. census data on the Cuban population in the United States.
1041:
3927:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
3676:
3631:
3147:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
3142:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
3024:
2973:
1816:
1681:
1611:
1515:
1113:"Was vote by Miami's Cuban community a referendum on Obama's policy?"
610:
554:
2566:
1999 Baltimore Orioles–Cuba national baseball team exhibition series
804:
3537:
3269:
3259:
2685:
2585:
2570:
1800:
1591:
1217:
1033:
545:
535:
3132:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
1241:"Experts Weigh in on Miami-Dade's Role in Trump's Florida Victory"
56:
2655:
1706:
1631:
1437:
594:
435:
1354:
La Lucha for Cuba: Religion and Politics on the Streets of Miami
1085:
Profile of selected social characteristics for Miami-Dade County
1019:
652:
Starting in the early 1970s, community leader and urban planner
3335:
3203:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
2241:
1790:
601:. This expansion can be seen at a statewide level as well, for
590:
373:
As of 2012, there were 1.2 million people of Cuban heritage in
363:
3163:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1187:"With salsa, caravans, Cubans make last push to reelect Trump"
884:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
668:
Another noteworthy park named after a popular Cuban figure is
1468:
602:
519:
393:
Chart showing history of Cuban refugees arriving in Florida.
30:
For the general history of Cubans in the United States, see
1939:
465:
1213:"How Miami Cubans disrupted Biden's path to a Florida win"
414:
2691:
Cuban football players who defected to the United States
3168:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
3872:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
695:
684:that was erected in honor of Cuban baseball player
657:Commission, however, and finally opened in 1980 as
623:
2020 United States presidential election in Florida
2601:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations
2388:1996 shootdown of Brothers to the Rescue aircraft
2092:United States Senate Committee on Cuban Relations
2085:Monument to the Victims of the USS Maine (Havana)
1111:Klas, Mary Ellen; Mazzei, Patricia (2016-12-16).
490:2021–23 Cuban migration wave to the United States
397:
3987:
3616:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
2496:Trade Sanction Reform and Export Enhancement Act
841:. March 24, 2012. Retrieved on February 8, 2014.
1161:"Cuban Americans show strong support for Trump"
856:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
3877:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
3555:List of people deported from the United States
2763:United Nations Security Council Resolution 144
2037:Cuba–United States Maritime Boundary Agreement
2027:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
1336:Havana-Miami: The U.S.-Cuba Migration Conflict
4006:Hispanic and Latino American culture in Miami
3302:Trump administration family separation policy
2835:
1922:
1453:
1028:(4), American Geographical Society: 504–519,
320:
3352:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
1137:
3852:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
2741:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
1278:
1184:
998:
996:
968:
966:
964:
827:
825:
823:
821:
3887:Federation for American Immigration Reform
2842:
2828:
2339:Leyla Express and Johnny Express incidents
1929:
1915:
1460:
1446:
1265:Ed Taylor, "Miami OKs 'Latin' Park Site",
1138:Viteri, Amy; Torres, Andrea (2020-11-06).
1110:
940:
327:
313:
3662:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
3657:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
3647:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
3590:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
3347:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
3117:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
2114:United States Military Government in Cuba
2017:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934)
2007:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903)
1986:United States Interests Section in Havana
1015:
1013:
3867:Center for Migration Studies of New York
3010:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
2879:Nationality law in the American Colonies
2591:Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba
1981:Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba
1971:Ambassadors of Cuba to the United States
1238:
1093:
1091:
1056:
993:
961:
877:
875:
873:
871:
818:
734:Hispanic and Latino Americans in Florida
505:
466:Later exiles and migrants (1974–present)
388:
36:
3801:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
3357:Executive Office for Immigration Review
936:
934:
786:
784:
782:
780:
644:
553:pressing issue as "Miami had the first
339:Cuban immigration has greatly affected
14:
3988:
3817:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
2438:Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro
2376:Operations Safe Haven and Safe Passage
2312:Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings
1370:
1047:
1010:
972:
881:
566:said that they spoke Spanish at home.
415:First wave of Cuban exiles (1959–1973)
32:Cuban immigration to the United States
3065:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
2823:
2810:Category:Cuba–United States relations
2631:Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil
1910:
1441:
1421:The Exile: Cuba in the Heart of Miami
1415:
1088:
941:Levine, Robert; Asis, Moises (2000).
868:
790:
4001:Cuban emigrants to the United States
3786:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
3091:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
2190:Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front
1991:Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs
1976:Embassy of the United States, Havana
931:
777:
3472:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
3442:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
3327:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2929:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
2596:Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus
2302:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino
1185:Gomez Licon, Adriana (2020-10-30).
748:, a Spanish-language supplement to
579:created a Spanish-language insert,
558:component of their culture. In the
470:By 1980 many Cubans arrived in the
24:
3560:Mexico–United States border crisis
3342:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2606:Cuban American National Foundation
2264:United States embargo against Cuba
1467:
1423:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1380:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1328:
979:. University of California Press.
25:
4032:
3781:"Streamline" (2005–present)
3503:Central American migrant caravans
3050:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
2259:United States invasion of Grenada
1966:Embassy of Cuba, Washington, D.C.
1587:Arts & Entertainment District
3565:Mexico–United States border wall
3040:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
2851:Immigration to the United States
2805:
2804:
2464:Cuban Assets Control Regulations
1948:
1938:
1865:Miami-Dade County Public Schools
1563:
1279:Eric Rieder (January 12, 1980).
833:Cuban-Americans The Miami mirror
739:Immigration to the United States
712:
698:
680:' Optimist Park by Cuban artist
296:
55:
27:Aspect of Cuban-American history
3996:Cuban-American culture in Miami
3322:Department of Homeland Security
2322:Trans World Airlines Flight 106
2124:Cuban Pacification Medal (Army)
1299:
1272:
1259:
1239:Ceballos, Joshua (2020-11-05).
1232:
1205:
1178:
1153:
1131:
1104:
1069:
3862:Center for Immigration Studies
3791:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
3776:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
3426:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
3367:Office of Refugee Resettlement
3122:American Homecoming Act (1989)
2102:Army of Cuban Occupation Medal
1358:University of California Press
1281:"Design Chosen for Latin Park"
920:
909:
844:
446:, with many of them moving to
398:Early migration (1800s - 1958)
18:Cuban exile community in Miami
13:
1:
3912:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
3756:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
3518:Eugenics in the United States
2559:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
2486:Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act
2332:Cubana de AviaciĂłn Flight 455
2280:Cubana de AviaciĂłn Flight 493
793:The Pacific Historical Review
770:
3580:Illegal immigrant population
3362:Board of Immigration Appeals
3198:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
3193:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
3086:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
3000:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
2641:Fair Play for Cuba Committee
1945:Cuba–United States relations
947:. Rutgers University Press.
591:http://www.elnuevoherald.com
7:
3796:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
3771:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
3642:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
3632:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
3611:Canada–United States border
3606:Mexico–United States border
3173:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
3035:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
2736:State Sponsors of Terrorism
2716:Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame
2254:Jamaican political conflict
2195:Cuban Revolutionary Council
896:10.1177/0002716297551001012
691:
616:
525:
10:
4037:
3932:Negative Population Growth
3922:National Immigration Forum
3907:Migration Policy Institute
3682:US Citizenship Act of 2021
3238:Temporary protected status
3020:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
2646:Friends of Democratic Cuba
2433:American fugitives in Cuba
2327:Southern Airways Flight 49
620:
529:
499:
495:
418:
384:
140:American Revolutionary War
29:
3960:
3835:
3809:
3743:
3690:
3624:
3598:
3481:
3375:
3310:
3265:Security Advisory Opinion
3215:
3155:
3078:
2982:
2916:
2892:
2871:
2858:
2801:
2554:Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
2504:
2474:Wet feet, dry feet policy
2446:
2272:
2119:Second Occupation of Cuba
2062:
1999:
1958:
1890:
1855:
1809:
1759:
1733:
1715:
1602:Central Business District
1572:
1561:
1476:
1269:(April 27, 1973), p. 16A.
755:Wet feet, dry feet policy
192:Constitutional convention
3974:Missing in Brooks County
3902:Mexicans Without Borders
3402:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
3275:National Origins Formula
2959:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
2934:Civil Rights Act of 1866
2666:Radio y TelevisiĂłn MartĂ
2611:Cuban dissident movement
2527:Cuban migration to Miami
2371:1994 Cuban rafter crisis
2042:Tripartite Accord (1988)
1403:Rutgers University Press
569:
483:1994 Cuban rafter crisis
149:Spanish Rule, 1783–1821:
3253:Central American Minors
3183:Secure Fence Act (2006)
3045:Nationality Act of 1940
2995:Naturalization Act 1906
2969:Immigration Act of 1891
2954:Immigration Act of 1882
2944:Naturalization Act 1870
2924:Naturalization Law 1802
2900:Naturalization Act 1790
2792:638 Ways to Kill Castro
2731:Third Border Initiative
2701:NOAAS Oregon II (R 332)
1352:De La Torre, Miguel A.
661:in honor of Cuban icon
171:U.S. Territorial Period
114:Pre-history, until 1497
4016:Cuban-American history
3968:Borderland (TV series)
3822:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
3295:Unaccompanied children
3070:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
2860:Relevant colonial era,
2581:Brothers to the Rescue
973:Garcia, Maria (1996).
522:
394:
218:Ordinance of Secession
42:
3545:Immigration reduction
3456:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
3060:War Brides Act (1945)
2939:14th Amendment (1868)
2696:Filibuster (military)
2671:US-Cuba Democracy PAC
2616:Cuban Liberty Council
2576:Antonio Maceo Brigade
1832:LGBT culture in Miami
562:, 59.2% of people in
530:Further information:
509:
419:Further information:
392:
278:Presidential Election
65:reflects the state's
40:
3847:Arizona Border Recon
3827:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
3691:Immigration stations
3625:Proposed legislation
3523:Guest worker program
3498:Brooks County, Texas
3410:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
3127:Immigration Act 1990
3030:Immigration Act 1924
3015:Immigration Act 1918
3005:Immigration Act 1907
2990:Immigration Act 1903
2746:Luis Posada Carriles
2539:Cuban–American lobby
2532:Havana on the Hudson
2469:Cuban Adjustment Act
2290:Cuban Missile Crisis
2249:Operation Northwoods
2215:Bay of Pigs Monument
2180:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2070:Spanish–American War
2022:Good Neighbor policy
760:Cuban-American lobby
645:Parks and recreation
3766:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
3693:and points of entry
3585:Reverse immigration
3464:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
3377:Supreme Court cases
3233:Visa Waiver Program
3228:Permanent residence
3055:Magnuson Act (1943)
2884:Plantation Act 1740
2491:Cuban Democracy Act
2349:Garcia-Mir v. Meese
2285:Matthew Edward Duke
2227:Operation Peter Pan
2158:La Coubre explosion
1165:University of Miami
1022:Geographical Review
728:Operation Peter Pan
186:Second Seminole War
3550:Immigration reform
3386:US v. Wong Kim Ark
3332:U.S. Border Patrol
3248:Green Card Lottery
3216:Visas and policies
3178:Real ID Act (2005)
3112:Refugee Act (1980)
2864:international laws
2853:and related topics
2758:Cuba–OAS relations
2726:Straits of Florida
2706:Silver certificate
2681:Venceremos Brigade
2621:CubaOne Foundation
2237:Operation Mongoose
2220:Bay of Pigs Museum
2210:José Antonio Llama
2141:Sugar Intervention
2097:The Paquete Habana
2052:JetBlue Flight 387
2012:Hay-Quesada Treaty
1877:Miami Dade College
1769:Miami-Dade Transit
1734:Emergency services
523:
434:and the suburb of
395:
358:. Some figures in
303:Florida portal
210:Third Seminole War
161:First Seminole War
49:History of Florida
43:
3983:
3982:
3917:Minuteman Project
3892:Improve The Dream
3810:State legislation
3761:"Babylift" (1975)
3735:Washington Avenue
3730:Sullivan's Island
3652:STRIVE Act (2007)
3575:March for America
3528:Human trafficking
3418:Zadvydas v. Davis
3280:Expedited removal
3211:
3210:
2862:United States and
2817:
2816:
2711:Troika of tyranny
2512:Americans in Cuba
2354:Cuban boat people
2317:Pan Am Flight 281
1904:
1903:
1637:Grapeland Heights
1397:and MoisĂ©s AsĂs.
1395:Levine, Robert M.
1334:Arboleya, JesĂşs.
670:Máximo Gómez Park
564:Miami-Dade County
452:Palm Beach County
405:Fulgencio Batista
360:Fulgencio Batista
341:Miami-Dade County
337:
336:
284:COVID-19 pandemic
178:Capitol moved to
16:(Redirected from
4028:
4011:History of Miami
3882:Community Change
3857:CASA of Maryland
3837:Non-governmental
3751:"Wetback" (1954)
3677:RAISE Act (2017)
3637:H.R. 4437 (2005)
3025:Cable Act (1922)
2974:Geary Act (1892)
2964:Scott Act (1888)
2869:
2868:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2808:
2807:
2661:Radio Free Dixie
2481:Helms–Burton Act
2454:Teller Amendment
2200:Operation Ortsac
2148:Cuban Revolution
2075:Ostend Manifesto
1959:Diplomatic posts
1953:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1882:Public libraries
1692:Venetian Islands
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1285:The Miami Herald
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1254:
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1226:
1209:
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1192:Associated Press
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1172:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:. Local 10 Miami
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879:
866:
865:
863:
862:
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842:
829:
816:
815:
788:
750:The Miami Herald
722:
717:
716:
715:
708:
703:
702:
701:
682:Rafael Consuegra
542:Spanish language
427:Cuban Revolution
356:Cuban Revolution
345:multiculturalism
329:
322:
315:
301:
300:
299:
266:6th Constitution
248:5th Constitution
242:4th Constitution
230:3rd Constitution
59:
45:
44:
21:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4025:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3956:
3897:Mexica Movement
3840:
3838:
3831:
3805:
3739:
3692:
3686:
3672:SAFE Act (2015)
3620:
3594:
3533:Human smuggling
3508:Economic impact
3486:
3484:
3477:
3371:
3315:
3313:
3306:
3207:
3151:
3079:1950–1999
3074:
2983:1900–1949
2978:
2949:Page Act (1875)
2912:
2888:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2854:
2848:
2818:
2813:
2797:
2517:Cuban Americans
2500:
2459:Platt Amendment
2442:
2428:Havana syndrome
2344:Mariel boatlift
2268:
2136:Negro Rebellion
2058:
1995:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1905:
1900:
1886:
1851:
1805:
1755:
1729:
1711:
1642:Health District
1617:Design District
1568:
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1472:
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1431:
1388:
1331:
1329:Further reading
1326:
1325:
1316:
1314:
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1264:
1260:
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1246:Miami New Times
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869:
860:
858:
850:
849:
845:
830:
819:
805:10.2307/3641990
789:
778:
773:
745:El Nuevo Herald
718:
713:
711:
704:
699:
697:
694:
659:José Martà Park
647:
625:
619:
599:Fort Lauderdale
587:el Nuevo Herald
582:el Nuevo Herald
572:
538:
528:
504:
502:Culture of Cuba
498:
476:Mariel boatlift
468:
423:
417:
400:
387:
333:
297:
295:
290:
289:
254:Great Migration
204:, 1845–present:
108:
98:
97:
80:
70:
67:Native American
63:seal of Florida
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4034:
4024:
4023:
4021:Cuban refugees
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3947:Save Our State
3944:
3939:
3937:No More Deaths
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
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3836:
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3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
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3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
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3679:
3674:
3669:
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3626:
3622:
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3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
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3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Labor shortage
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:Related issues
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3438:
3434:Barton v. Barr
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
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3329:
3324:
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3311:
3308:
3307:
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3304:
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3165:
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3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3105:Section 287(g)
3102:
3100:Section 212(f)
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
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3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
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3047:
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3012:
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2767:
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2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:BoquerĂłn, Cuba
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Varela Project
2673:
2668:
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2653:
2648:
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2544:Guantánamo Bay
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2529:
2524:
2514:
2508:
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2501:
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2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Carlos Alvarez
2405:
2400:
2398:Elián González
2395:
2390:
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2379:
2378:
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2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
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2001:
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1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
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1934:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1898:Notable people
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1442:
1436:
1435:
1430:978-1439143704
1429:
1413:
1411:978-0813527802
1392:
1387:978-0671646646
1386:
1368:
1366:978-0520238527
1350:
1348:978-1875284917
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1298:
1271:
1267:The Miami News
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1231:
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1177:
1167:. October 2020
1152:
1130:
1103:
1087:
1081:2020-02-12 at
1076:2000 US Census
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1046:
1034:10.2307/215228
1009:
992:
985:
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953:
930:
919:
908:
890:(1): 164–177,
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843:
817:
799:(2): 309–316,
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752:
741:
736:
731:
724:
723:
709:
706:Florida portal
693:
690:
672:, named after
646:
643:
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615:
571:
568:
527:
524:
497:
494:
467:
464:
448:Broward County
416:
413:
399:
396:
386:
383:
349:multiracialism
335:
334:
332:
331:
324:
317:
309:
306:
305:
292:
291:
288:
287:
286:, 2020–present
281:
273:Gore v. Harris
269:
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236:Reconstruction
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3961:Documentaries
3959:
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1607:Coconut Grove
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1287:. pp. 2B
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1083:archive.today
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838:The Economist
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686:Minnie Minoso
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432:Little Havana
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375:Greater Miami
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3952:Utah Compact
3715:Ellis Island
3700:Angel Island
3471:
3463:
3455:
3446:
3445: /
3441:
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3401:
3393:
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3156:21st century
3093: /
2917:19th century
2906: /
2902: /
2893:18th century
2872:Colonial era
2803:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2526:
2413:Elsa Alvarez
2232:Operation 40
2185:Brigade 2506
2173:Golden exile
2163:Cuban exodus
1702:West Flagler
1697:Virginia Key
1652:Little Haiti
1647:Liberty City
1501:Demographics
1484:Architecture
1420:
1417:Rieff, David
1398:
1376:
1372:Didion, Joan
1353:
1335:
1315:. Retrieved
1313:. 2022-12-16
1310:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1284:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1244:
1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1221:. 2020-11-04
1216:
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1190:
1180:
1169:. Retrieved
1155:
1144:. Retrieved
1133:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:Miami Herald
1116:
1106:
1098:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1049:
1025:
1021:
1004:
975:
943:
922:
911:
887:
883:
859:. Retrieved
855:
846:
836:
796:
792:
749:
744:
674:Máximo Gómez
667:
654:JesĂşs Permuy
651:
648:
639:Fidel Castro
635:Donald Trump
632:
629:
626:
586:
580:
577:Miami Herald
573:
551:
539:
514:Memorial in
487:
480:
469:
456:
444:white flight
440:
424:
409:
401:
372:
353:
338:
271:
200:
199:
173:, 1822–1845:
169:
168:
148:
147:
134:, 1763–1783:
132:British Rule
130:
129:
122:Spanish Rule
120:
119:
113:
112:
3710:East Boston
3394:Ozawa v. US
3223:Visa policy
3188:DACA (2012)
2636:Engage Cuba
2626:Cuban Power
2447:Legislation
2205:Polita Grau
2168:Cuban exile
2131:Banana Wars
1662:Lummus Park
1597:Buena Vista
1521:Environment
1489:skyscrapers
1399:Cuban Miami
1340:Ocean Press
944:Cuban Miami
730:, 1960–1962
720:Cuba portal
678:Miami Lakes
560:2000 census
512:Bay of Pigs
474:due to the
421:Cuban exile
262:, 1925–1929
256:, 1910–1930
238:, 1865–1868
226:, 1861–1865
212:, 1855–1858
188:, 1835–1842
180:Tallahassee
163:, 1817–1818
157:, 1811–1814
155:War of 1812
142:, 1775–1783
124:, 1513–1763
3990:Categories
3942:NumbersUSA
3744:Operations
3725:San Ysidro
3485:and events
3312:Government
2651:Havana Jam
2423:Alan Gross
2403:Ana Montes
2393:Cuban Five
2383:Bill Gaede
2295:Crateology
2107:Propaganda
2047:Cuban thaw
2032:El Diálogo
1796:Brightline
1784:Metromover
1717:Government
1582:Allapattah
1317:2023-06-13
1291:October 8,
1252:2020-11-08
1225:2020-11-08
1198:2020-11-08
1171:2020-11-08
1146:2020-11-08
1124:2021-02-06
1007:. 403-418
861:2023-06-13
771:References
765:Floridanos
663:JosĂ© MartĂ
621:See also:
500:See also:
460:emigration
425:After the
368:metropolis
3720:Otay Mesa
3599:Geography
3285:Detention
2771:Overthrow
2273:Incidents
2153:Aftermath
2080:USS Maine
2063:Conflicts
2000:Diplomacy
1857:Education
1774:Metrorail
1741:Hospitals
1682:The Roads
1677:Park West
1627:Edgewater
1612:Coral Way
1543:monuments
1511:Geography
1101:: 446-456
1066:: 233-251
904:154895047
611:Immokalee
555:bilingual
260:Land Boom
224:Civil War
202:Statehood
3538:Coyotaje
3270:E-Verify
3260:US-VISIT
2785:Balseros
2686:ZunZuneo
2586:Balseros
2571:Alpha 66
2549:Timeline
1801:Tri-Rail
1779:Metrobus
1672:Overtown
1592:Brickell
1531:timeline
1477:By topic
1471:articles
1419:(1993).
1405:, 2000.
1374:(1987).
1360:, 2003.
1342:, 1996.
1311:NBC News
1218:Politico
1079:Archived
692:See also
617:Politics
546:Hispanic
536:Cubonics
526:Language
407:regime.
106:Timeline
93:Politics
89:Counties
3513:Effects
2656:Omega 7
2505:Related
1847:Tourism
1822:Dialect
1817:Cuisine
1810:Culture
1707:Wynwood
1667:Midtown
1632:Flagami
1526:History
1516:Economy
1494:climate
813:3641990
607:Orlando
595:Hialeah
496:Culture
436:Hialeah
385:History
379:Hialeah
69:history
3466:(2021)
3458:(2021)
3451:(2020)
3436:(2020)
3428:(2011)
3421:(2001)
3412:(1975)
3404:(1923)
3396:(1922)
3388:(1898)
3336:BORTAC
3290:Family
3243:Asylum
2242:JMWAVE
1892:People
1842:Sports
1791:Amtrak
1751:Police
1725:Mayors
1555:People
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364:Cubans
280:, 2000
268:, 1968
250:, 1885
244:, 1868
232:, 1865
220:, 1861
194:, 1838
182:, 1824
85:Cities
78:Topics
1837:Music
1538:Media
1469:Miami
1377:Miami
1038:JSTOR
900:S2CID
809:JSTOR
603:Tampa
570:Media
520:Miami
3095:1965
2908:1798
2904:1795
1870:list
1827:Film
1746:Fire
1506:Flag
1425:ISBN
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1382:ISBN
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1293:2018
981:ISBN
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