452:(c.f. Numbers 35:31). "It must be noted that the death penalty might also indicate the seriousness of the crime without calling for the actual implementation of it in every case. In fact, there is little evidence that many of these sanctions were ever actually carried out in ancient Israel. Only in the case of premeditated murder was there the added stricture of 'Do not accept a ransom for the life of the murderer who deserves to die' (Num 35:31). . . . Traditional wisdom, both in the Jewish and Christian communities, interpreted this verse in Numbers 35:31 to mean that out of the almost twenty cases calling for capital punishment in the Old Testament, every one of them could have the sanction commuted by an appropriate substitute of money or anything that showed the seriousness of the crime, but in the case of what we today call first-degree murder, there was never to be offered or accepted any substitute or bargaining of any kind: the offender had to pay with his or her life".
208:, the Egyptians appointed conscription officers over the Israelites to crush their spirits with hard labor. The Israelites were to build up the cities of Pithom and Ra'amses as supply centers for Pharaoh. They made the lives of the Israelites miserable with harsh labor involving mortar and bricks, as well as all kinds of work in the field. Then he issued decrees to kill all the Israelite males. God hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not allow the Hebrews to leave, and then God sent various disasters onto the whole of Egypt. Exodus includes the story of the killing of every firstborn child in Egypt as the final punishment for having enslaved the Israelites.
935:
273:
22:
230:
began to interact with the people of Israel, who were staying in
Shittim. At this time, Israelite men began to have sexual relations with Moabite women. After being invited by Moabite women, some Israelite men participated in eating sacrificial meals and worshipping Moabite deities. The
254:
After an army of 12,000 (1000 from each tribe) was sent against the
Midianites, Moses was angry when the army returned with captive women and other spoils, because the women had played vital roles in the previous trespasses and consequent plague.
263:
under
Eleazar the priest (Numbers 31:28) as "heave offerings", thanksgiving for success. Out of the booty that belonged to Israelites, one of every fifty was set apart to the Levites who cared for the Tabernacle. (Numbers 31:30)
238:
While the
Israelites were still assembled in mourning after the execution, an Israelite man, Zimri the son of Salu, publicly brought a Midianite woman, Cozbi daughter of Zur, into his tent. Phinehas, a grandson of
396:
The man and woman when a man meets a betrothed woman in town and sleeps with her. But if it is a case of rape where out in the country she called for help and no one heard, the death penalty only applies to the
258:
Moses then ordered all males and non-virgin females killed, and all female virgins preserved. One of every five hundred remaining captives of the soldiers' plunder was to be put in service as tribute to the
307:
for depriving his sister-in-law of child by having sex with her with no intention of impregnating her as agreed. After Onan's brother Er died, his father Judah told him to fulfill his duty as a
323:, where the brother of the deceased would provide offspring to the childless widow to preserve the family line. However, when Onan had sex with Tamar, he disregarded this principle when he
448:
There is some question as to whether the death penalty was invariably or even usually implemented in ancient Israel, or whether this was even the intention of the
43:
36:
86:
58:
1089:
1120:
65:
72:
949:
1014:
811:
54:
651:
622:
593:
243:, left the assembly, went inside the tent, and drove a javelin through both Zimri and Cozbi. Because of Phinehas' act, the L
1019:
1052:
859:
341:
694:
1064:
1004:
821:
105:
1167:
1037:
553:
390:
327:
before climax and spilled his semen on the ground, since any child born would not legally be considered his heir. (
251:
then ordered Moses to attack the
Midianites for plotting against the Israelites in the matters of Peor and Cozbi.
1131:
171:
643:
614:
585:
79:
1162:
159:
1143:
1084:
1059:
959:
466:
1069:
235:
then ordered a daylight execution of all those that had fornicated and worshipped with the
Moabites.
1115:
385:
told Moses that the man in custody must be killed. This particular crime and punishment is isolated
1074:
914:
1079:
919:
852:
418:
32:
163:
999:
994:
964:
489:
1009:
969:
979:
8:
1042:
984:
974:
954:
461:
127:
989:
924:
899:
845:
324:
297:
205:
289:
to be a servant to his brother's servants and a servant to his fathers brothers. (see
817:
647:
639:
618:
610:
589:
581:
320:
167:
1110:
904:
346:
The Bible prescribes the death penalty for the following activities, among others:
130:. It records a large number of events and laws that are endorsed or proscribed by
807:
312:
1172:
1135:
1105:
909:
485:
131:
123:
1156:
885:
881:
564:
328:
190:
158:
apply to humanity in general. Most
Christian denominations have also adopted
695:"Deuteronomy 22:23-27 KJV - If a damsel that is a virgin be - Bible Gateway"
1139:
877:
831:
290:
276:
Mount Sodom, Israel, showing a pillar referred to as "Lot's Wife", made of
155:
119:
296:
Lot's wife "became a pillar of salt" when she "looked back" when fleeing
198:
143:
934:
431:
412:
360:
217:
186:
151:
381:, he was taken into custody because a punishment was not known. The L
21:
406:
400:
A woman who is found not to have been a virgin on the night of her
386:
355:
272:
401:
378:
369:
194:
135:
449:
372:
350:
286:
277:
223:
868:
316:
240:
182:
147:
139:
837:
365:
315:, by giving her offspring. Centuries later, in the days of
304:
247:'s wrath was turned away from the children of Israel. The L
227:
578:The Divine Drama: the Old Testament as Literature
1154:
335:
319:, this practice was formulated into a law of a
853:
816:(Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 1996), p. 162.
662:
660:
933:
860:
846:
657:
570:
172:all Old Covenant laws have been abrogated
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
271:
177:
950:Allegorical interpretation of the Bible
1155:
810:, F. F. Bruce, and Manfred T. Brauch,
267:
42:Please improve this article by adding
841:
15:
342:List of capital crimes in the Torah
55:"Crime and punishment in the Torah"
13:
14:
1184:
1005:Internal consistency of the Bible
443:
211:
607:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
377:One man picked up sticks on the
20:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
701:
687:
678:
669:
628:
599:
558:
547:
538:
529:
520:
511:
502:
493:
479:
1:
867:
472:
439:Having a spirit of divination
336:Examples of the death penalty
222:In Numbers 25, the people of
44:secondary or tertiary sources
605:Freedman, Myers & Beck.
170:, while a minority believes
7:
960:The Bible and homosexuality
467:The Bible and death penalty
455:
425:in vain or cursing his name
10:
1189:
339:
215:
204:When Pharaoh enslaved the
146:, many of which deal with
1129:
1098:
1090:Witchcraft and divination
1030:
942:
931:
892:
875:
813:Hard Sayings of the Bible
436:Rebellion against parents
915:Historicity of the Bible
160:some of these directives
1168:Punishments in religion
920:Chronology of the Bible
788:Deuteronomy 21:18-21:21
1000:Criticism of the Bible
995:Muhammad and the Bible
965:The Bible and violence
834:, Age of Reason, 1795.
716:Deuteronomy 13:6-13:10
636:The Genesis of Justice
391:Numbers 15:32–36
281:
31:relies excessively on
1010:Biblical hermeneutics
970:The Bible and slavery
275:
178:In the Book of Exodus
1048:Crime and punishment
980:Alcohol in the Bible
955:The Bible and ethics
707:Deuteronomy 22:13-22
684:Deuteronomy 22:22-27
1163:Hebrew Bible topics
985:Ethics in the Bible
975:The Bible and humor
806:Walter Kaiser Jr.,
752:Exodus 21:15, 21:17
462:Ethics in the Bible
268:Special punishments
128:Abrahamic religions
990:Women in the Bible
925:Biblical authority
900:Biblical criticism
298:Sodom and Gomorrah
282:
206:Children of Israel
1150:
1149:
652:978-0-446-52479-7
623:978-0-8028-2400-4
594:978-0-7188-2987-2
321:Levirate marriage
168:Great Commandment
138:teaches that the
132:the God of Israel
116:
115:
108:
90:
1180:
1015:African American
937:
905:Biblical studies
862:
855:
848:
839:
838:
824:
804:
798:
795:
789:
786:
780:
777:
771:
768:
762:
759:
753:
750:
744:
741:
735:
732:
726:
723:
717:
714:
708:
705:
699:
698:
691:
685:
682:
676:
673:
667:
664:
655:
632:
626:
603:
597:
574:
568:
562:
556:
551:
545:
542:
536:
533:
527:
524:
518:
515:
509:
506:
500:
497:
491:
483:
428:Cursing a parent
422:
384:
262:
250:
246:
234:
164:Ten Commandments
144:613 commandments
122:is considered a
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1125:
1099:Christian Bible
1094:
1026:
938:
929:
888:
871:
866:
828:
827:
808:Peter H. Davids
805:
801:
797:Leviticus 20:27
796:
792:
787:
783:
778:
774:
769:
765:
760:
756:
751:
747:
743:Leviticus 24:16
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
720:
715:
711:
706:
702:
693:
692:
688:
683:
679:
674:
670:
665:
658:
633:
629:
625:), 2000, p.1273
604:
600:
575:
571:
565:Genesis 25:5–10
563:
559:
552:
548:
543:
539:
534:
530:
525:
521:
517:Numbers 25:1-18
516:
512:
507:
503:
498:
494:
484:
480:
475:
458:
446:
420:
382:
344:
338:
329:Genesis 38:3–10
300:'s destruction.
270:
260:
248:
244:
232:
220:
214:
197:leading to the
185:negotiated the
180:
154:, but only the
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
41:
37:primary sources
25:
12:
11:
5:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1148:
1147:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1053:Capital crimes
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1020:Asian American
1017:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
944:
940:
939:
932:
930:
928:
927:
922:
917:
912:
910:Biblical canon
907:
902:
896:
894:
890:
889:
876:
873:
872:
865:
864:
857:
850:
842:
836:
835:
826:
825:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
761:Leviticus 20:9
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
700:
686:
677:
668:
656:
654:), 2000, ch. 9
627:
598:
596:), 2002, p. 92
569:
557:
546:
537:
528:
519:
510:
501:
499:Exodus 1:15-16
492:
477:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
464:
457:
454:
445:
444:Implementation
442:
441:
440:
437:
434:
429:
426:
415:
410:
404:
398:
394:
375:
363:
358:
353:
337:
334:
333:
332:
309:brother-in-law
301:
294:
269:
266:
226:together with
216:Main article:
213:
212:The Midianites
210:
179:
176:
162:, such as the
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:Homosexuality
1063:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
941:
936:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
891:
887:
886:New Testament
883:
882:Old Testament
879:
874:
870:
863:
858:
856:
851:
849:
844:
843:
840:
833:
830:
829:
823:
822:0-8308-1423-X
819:
815:
814:
809:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
713:
704:
696:
690:
681:
672:
663:
661:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
631:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
602:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
566:
561:
555:
554:Genesis 19:26
550:
541:
532:
523:
514:
505:
496:
490:
487:
482:
478:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
453:
451:
438:
435:
433:
430:
427:
424:
416:
414:
411:
408:
405:
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
380:
376:
374:
371:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
343:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
292:
288:
284:
283:
279:
274:
265:
256:
252:
242:
236:
229:
225:
219:
209:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
39:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1047:
1038:Commentaries
1031:Hebrew Bible
878:Hebrew Bible
832:Thomas Paine
812:
802:
793:
784:
779:Exodus 21:16
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
734:Exodus 22:18
730:
725:Exodus 22:20
721:
712:
703:
689:
680:
675:Leviticus 20
671:
635:
634:Dershowitz.
630:
606:
601:
577:
572:
560:
549:
544:Num 31:32-35
540:
535:Num 31:17,18
531:
522:
513:
504:
495:
481:
447:
345:
308:
291:Curse of Ham
285:Noah cursed
257:
253:
237:
221:
203:
181:
156:Noahide Laws
120:Hebrew Bible
117:
102:
96:January 2012
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
30:
1144:WikiProject
1121:Development
526:Num 31:1-16
508:Exodus 6-14
303:God killed
199:Ten plagues
1157:Categories
1111:Protestant
644:0446524794
615:0802824005
586:0718829875
576:Dancy, J.
473:References
432:Kidnapping
413:Witchcraft
409:other gods
407:Worshiping
361:Bestiality
340:See also:
218:Numbers 31
152:punishment
66:newspapers
33:references
869:The Bible
770:Mark 7:10
666:Exodus 20
370:betrothed
142:contains
124:holy text
1136:Category
1106:Catholic
1043:Covenant
893:Overview
488:1:11-14
456:See also
387:case law
356:Adultery
325:withdrew
126:in most
1132:Outline
1085:Warfare
423:'s name
417:Taking
402:wedding
379:Sabbath
195:Pharaoh
136:Judaism
80:scholar
1140:Portal
1116:Canons
1070:Prayer
1060:Events
943:Topics
820:
650:
642:
621:
613:
592:
584:
486:Exodus
450:Tanakh
373:virgin
351:Murder
287:Canaan
278:halite
224:Midian
187:Exodus
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1173:Torah
419:the L
368:of a
317:Moses
313:Tamar
241:Aaron
193:with
191:Egypt
189:from
183:Moses
148:crime
140:Torah
87:JSTOR
73:books
1075:Rape
818:ISBN
648:ISBN
640:ISBN
619:ISBN
611:ISBN
590:ISBN
582:ISBN
366:Rape
305:Onan
228:Moab
166:and
150:and
118:The
59:news
1134:•
1080:Sex
638:, (
580:, (
421:ORD
397:man
383:ORD
311:to
261:ORD
249:ORD
245:ORD
233:ORD
35:to
1159::
1142:•
1138:•
884:-
659:^
646:,
617:,
588:,
389:.(
201:.
174:.
134:.
46:.
880:/
861:e
854:t
847:v
697:.
609:(
567:)
393:)
331:)
293:)
280:.
259:L
231:L
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
