188:
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639:. Luther suggested that it would be "most fitting to have the face of Crazy Horse sculpted there. Crazy Horse is the real patriot of the Sioux tribe and the only one worthy to place by the side of Washington and Lincoln." Borglum never replied. Thereafter, Henry Standing Bear began a campaign to have Borglum carve an image of Crazy Horse on Mount Rushmore. In summer of 1935, Standing Bear, frustrated over the stalled Crazy Horse project, wrote to James H. Cook, a long time friend of Chief
900:
726:
Ziolkowski, herself a sculptor, modified some of her father's plans to ensure that the weight of the outstretched arm was supported sufficiently. The foundation commissioned reports from two engineering firms in 2009 to help guide completion of the project. Work commenced on the horse after two years of careful planning and measurements. Since the completion of the head and face, much of the monument's sculpting work has been dedicated to the much larger horse portion.
714:, took charge of the sculpture, overseeing work on the project as CEO from the 1980s to the 2010s. Ruth Ziolkowski focused on the completion of Crazy Horse's face first, instead of the horse as her husband had originally planned. She believed that Crazy Horse's face, once completed, would increase the sculpture's draw as a tourist attraction, which would provide additional funding. She also oversaw the staff, which included seven of her children.
886:
718:
27:
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10 million for the project from the federal government on two occasions, but he turned the offers down. He felt the project was more than just a mountain carving, and he feared that his plans for the broader educational and cultural goals of the memorial would be overturned by federal involvement. As
830:
Elaine Quiver, a descendant of one of Crazy Horse's aunts, said in 2003 that the elder
Standing Bear should not have independently petitioned Ziolkowski to create the memorial, because Lakota culture dictates consensus from family members for such a decision, which was not obtained before the first
835:
They don't respect our culture because we didn't give permission for someone to carve the sacred Black Hills where our burial grounds are. They were there for us to enjoy and they were there for us to pray. But it wasn't meant to be carved into images, which is very wrong for all of us. The more I
840:
Seth Big Crow, whose great-grandmother was an aunt of Crazy Horse's, said he wondered about the millions of dollars which the
Ziolkowski family had collected from the visitor center and shops associated with the memorial, and "the amount of money being generated by his ancestor's name". He said:
545:
The sculpture's final dimensions are planned to be 641 feet (195 m) long and 563 feet (172 m) high. The outstretched arm will be 263 feet (80 m) long, the opening under arm 70 feet (21 m) wide and 100 feet (30 m) high, and the finger 29 feet 6 inches (9 m)
725:
Sixteen years later, in 1998, the head and face of Crazy Horse were completed and dedicated; Crazy Horse's eyes are 17 feet (5.2 m) wide, while his head is 87 feet (27 m) high. Ruth
Ziolkowski and seven of the Ziolkowskis' 10 children carried on work at the memorial. Daughter Monique
670:, responsible for the land, agreed to grant a permit for the use of the land, with a commission to oversee the project. Standing Bear chose not to seek government funds and relied instead upon influential Americans interested in the welfare of the American Indian to privately fund the project.
737:
At the time construction started in 1948, the artist estimated the work would be complete in 30 years. As of 2022, there was no timeline for when the monument would be completed; however, the hand, arm, shoulder, hairline, and top of the horse's head were estimated to be finished by 2037.
826:
Ziolkowski envisioned the monument as a metaphoric tribute to the spirit of Crazy Horse and Native
Americans. However, some Native Americans consider the memorial an insult to Crazy Horse, who resisted being photographed and was deliberately buried where his grave would not be found.
689:
The memorial is a non-profit undertaking, and does not accept federal or state funding. The
Memorial Foundation finances the project by charging fees for its visitor centers, earning revenue from its gift shops and receiving private contributions. Ziolkowski reportedly was offered
793:
5 million in two installments to an endowment to support the operation of the satellite campus. It holds classes in math, English, and
American Indian studies courses for college credit, as well as outreach classes. The memorial foundation has awarded more than
681:(1868). That was the one I'd read about in which the President promised the Black Hills would belong to the Indians forever. I remember how his old eyes flashed out of that dark mahogany face, then he would shake his head and fall silent for a long while."
1584:
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Or did it give them free hand to try to take over the name and make money off it as long as they're alive and we're alive? When you start making money rather than to try to complete the project, that's when, to me, it's going off in the wrong
2368:
873:
article, ‘Who Speaks for Crazy Horse?’, author Brooke Jarvis states, “On Pine Ridge and in Rapid City, I heard a number of Lakota say that the memorial has become a tribute not to Crazy Horse but to
Ziolkowski and his family”.
525:
The memorial master plan includes the mountain carving monument, a Native
American Museum of North America, and a Native American Cultural Center. The monument is being carved out of Thunderhead Mountain, on land considered
546:
long. The face of Crazy Horse, completed in 1998, is 87 feet 6 inches (26.7 m) high; by comparison, the heads of the four U.S. Presidents at Mount
Rushmore are each 60 feet (18 m) high.
1588:
2733:
858:, said: "The whole idea of making a beautiful wild mountain into a statue of him is a pollution of the landscape. It is against the spirit of Crazy Horse." In a 2001 interview, Lakota activist
729:
Ruth
Ziolkowski died on May 21, 2014, at the age of 87. Monique Ziolkowski became CEO and three of her siblings continue to work on the project, as well as three of the Ziolkowskis' grandsons.
747:
666:, offering all his own fertile 900 acres (365 ha) in exchange for the barren mountain for the purpose of paying honor to Crazy Horse. The government responded positively, and the
677:, discussing land ownership issues and learning about Crazy Horse and the Lakota way of life. According to Ziolkowski, "Standing Bear grew very angry when he spoke of the broken
658:. He informed the sculptor, "My fellow chiefs and I would like the white man to know that the red man has great heroes, too." Standing Bear also wrote a letter to Undersecretary
2054:
1347:
43:
774:. It is called the Indian University of North America and the Indian Museum of North America. The current visitor complex will anchor the center. Sanford also donated
2808:
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615:("Mato Naji"), an Oglala Lakota chief, and well-known statesman and elder in the Native American community, recruited and commissioned Polish-American sculptor
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1815:
458:
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1314:"Ruth Ziolkowski obituary: Driving force behind a decades-long project to sculpt a vast memorial to Crazy Horse out of the Black Hills of Dakota"
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1211:
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643:'s, "I am struggling hopelessly with this because I am without funds, no employment and no assistance from any Indian or White."
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568:. He took up arms against the U.S. Federal government to fight against encroachments on the territories and way of life of the
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of 2018, the foundation had accrued $ 77 million in assets, including $ 12.5 million annually from donations and admissions.
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said: "Imagine going to the holy land in Israel, whether you're a Christian or a Jew or a Muslim, and start carving up the
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1 million a year for five years as matching donations were raised, specifically to further work on the horse's head.
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The memorial is to be the centerpiece of an educational/cultural center, to include a satellite campus of the
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A model of the planned colossal sculpture, with the Crazy Horse Memorial in the background (August 2009)
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1986:
1313:
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think about it, the more it's a desecration of our Indian culture. Not just Crazy Horse, but all of us.
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406:
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592:. He ranks among the most notable and iconic of Native American tribal members and was honored by the
2250:
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2240:
2164:
2113:
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1163:
771:
707:, criticized the foundation, saying "one non-Indian family has become millionaires off our people".
696:
1377:
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1981:
1030:
1005:
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The Memorial foundation began its first national fund drive in October 2006. The goal was to raise
674:
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in May 1877 and was fatally wounded by a military guard, allegedly while resisting imprisonment at
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2148:
2138:
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1996:
1946:
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1404:"The Crazy Horse Monument in South Dakota: Started in 1948, may take another century to complete"
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1951:
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1190:
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1.2 million in scholarships, with the majority going to Native students within South Dakota.
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8:
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1936:
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On November 7, 1939, Henry Standing Bear wrote to the Polish-American sculptor
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632:
539:
287:
210:
1165:
Great White Fathers: The Story of the Obsessive Quest to Create Mount Rushmore
2707:
2610:
2429:
2424:
2408:
2286:
1966:
1901:
1587:. Sarah January, Grunge (posted on MSN.com), November 2, 2022. Archived from
1265:
859:
814:
1.4 million dormitory to house 40 American Indian students who would work as
659:
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101:
58:
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In the spring of 1940, Ziolkowski spent three weeks with Standing Bear at
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The monument has been in progress since 1948 and is far from completion.
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2315:
1824:
850:
Other traditional Lakota oppose the memorial. In his 1972 autobiography,
746:
620:
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155:
1084:"George Kills in Sight Describes the Death of Indian Leader Crazy Horse"
2566:
1991:
1846:
863:
277:
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1264:(Press release). Crazy Horse Memorial. April 21, 2003. Archived from
1083:
640:
111:
1554:"Seventy years later, quest to carve Crazy Horse Memorial continues"
2419:
2281:
1031:"A memorial for Crazy Horse 64 years in the making ... so far"
758:, with a classroom building and residence hall, made possible by a
589:
499:
476:
1775:
166:
1832:
815:
717:
572:. His most famous actions against the U.S. military included the
2734:
Buildings and structures under construction in the United States
1323:
527:
1378:"A memorial for Crazy Horse 64 years in the making ... so far"
885:
580:(25–26 June 1876). He surrendered to U.S. troops under
26:
1057:"Book review: 'The Killing of Crazy Horse' by Thomas Powers"
1823:
635:, who was carving the heads of four American presidents at
510:. It is operated by the Crazy Horse Memorial Foundation, a
1106:"Postal Bulletin: Great Americans Issue (1980–1999)"
1206:
1204:
1191:"Henry Standing Bear (Mato Najen), Lakota Sioux Intancan"
1034:
2379:
Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (1893–1947)
1262:"Upper Third of Horse's Head Blocked Out on Crazy Horse"
1201:
1138:
Lakota Portraits: Lives of the Legendary Plains People
810:
16.5 million by 2011. The first planned project was a
498:, riding a horse and pointing to his tribal land. The
16:
Mountain monument under construction in South Dakota
1397:
1395:
1006:"Crazy Horse Memorial turns 60 with no end in sight"
881:
1585:"Why The Crazy Horse Monument Hasn't Been Finished"
710:After Ziolkowski died in 1982 at age 74, his widow
1534:"Ruth Ziolkowski 1926-2014: Carrying on the dream"
1392:
1348:"Ruth Ziolkowski of Crazy Horse Memorial mourned"
479:under construction on privately held land in the
2705:
1692:Lame Deer, John (Fire); Erdoes, Richard (1972).
927:List of the tallest statues in the United States
1710:
1691:
1667:"Crazy Horse Memorial Generates Mixed Feelings"
1371:
1369:
1054:
2809:Monuments and memorials completed in the 1940s
2779:Sculptures of Native Americans in South Dakota
1809:
452:
2369:Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (1876–1887)
1696:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 96.
1644:"Notes on the Crazy Horse Genealogy, Part 1"
1366:
1341:
1339:
1055:Salter Reynolds, Susan (December 26, 2010).
732:
1579:
1577:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1307:
1305:
1303:
631:, Henry's older brother, wrote to sculptor
2562:Fossil Cycad National Monument (1922–1957)
2301:Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876)
1816:
1802:
1611:"Crazy Horse Memorial fund drive to begin"
1512:"Making Sense of the Crazy Horse Memorial"
1161:
789:announced in July 2010 they were donating
607:
459:
445:
186:
180:
25:
2374:Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (1876–1887)
1685:
1336:
1168:. New York: Public Affairs. p. 328.
1141:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 251.
801:
619:to build the Crazy Horse Memorial in the
2749:Geography of Custer County, South Dakota
1932:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
1574:
1509:
1470:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1375:
1345:
1300:
1277:
1275:
999:
997:
948:
946:
944:
942:
745:
716:
2774:Native American museums in South Dakota
2764:Monuments and memorials in South Dakota
1716:
1401:
1134:
866:. It's an insult to our entire being."
2769:Museums in Custer County, South Dakota
2706:
1780:of the Crazy Horse Memorial Foundation
1744:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1424:
1003:
831:rock was dynamited in 1948. She said:
778:5 million to the memorial, to be paid
684:
2739:Colossal statues in the United States
1797:
1441:
1376:Rand III, Martin (November 6, 2020).
1311:
1281:
1272:
994:
939:
538:, roughly 17 miles (27 km) from
2724:Biographical museums in South Dakota
1745:Jarvis, Brooke (13 September 2019).
1486:"Progress quiets Crazy Horse doubts"
1483:
1402:Blazeki, Goran (December 10, 2017).
1162:Taliaferro, John (October 9, 2007).
1028:
721:Construction on the monument in 2020
506:, a Lakota elder, to be sculpted by
487:, United States. It will depict the
2714:1948 establishments in South Dakota
1654:
1188:
785:Paul and Donna "Muffy" Christen of
741:
13:
2794:Cultural depictions of Crazy Horse
2784:Outdoor sculptures in South Dakota
2744:Equestrian statues in South Dakota
1135:Agonito, Joseph (August 2, 2011).
1029:Rand, Martin III (June 11, 2012).
762:2.5 million donation in 2007 from
129:563 ft (172 m) (planned)
121:641 ft (195 m) (planned)
14:
2820:
2693:Mount Rushmore in popular culture
1942:Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument
1767:
1717:Roberts, Chris (September 2001).
1619:. August 21, 2006. Archived from
1510:Dorminey, Bruce (June 14, 2017).
1286:. Potomac Books. pp. 32–33.
703:rancher and former member of the
1641:
1250:. November 23, 1947. p. 23.
1242:"Mighty Memorial for Crazyhorse"
898:
884:
31:The Crazy Horse Memorial in 2020
1738:
1635:
1603:
1546:
1526:
1503:
1458:Crazy Horse Memorial Foundation
1425:Higbee, Paul (April 27, 2001).
1418:
1254:
1234:
1182:
1004:Walker, Carson (June 2, 2008).
530:by some Oglala Lakota, between
1346:Griffith, Tom (May 23, 2014).
1155:
1128:
1098:
1076:
1048:
1022:
970:
549:
1:
2354:Black Hills Expedition (1874)
2292:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
2039:Spearfish Canyon Scenic Byway
1747:"Who Speaks for Crazy Horse?"
1312:Brian, Unwin (May 27, 2014).
932:
821:
2799:Statues of military officers
2359:Black Hills gold rush (1874)
2349:Dakota Territory (1861–1889)
2055:Black Hills Centennial Trail
1977:Sitting Bull Crystal Caverns
1922:Jewel Cave National Monument
1862:Black Hills Central Railroad
1719:"Russell Means, in Memoriam"
1694:Lame Deer, Seeker of Visions
1542:. Sioux Falls. May 22, 2014.
578:Battle of the Little Bighorn
229:Geologic and natural history
7:
1867:Black Hills National Forest
914:List of colossal sculpture
877:
576:(21 December 1866) and the
520:
485:Custer County, South Dakota
80:Custer County, South Dakota
10:
2825:
2364:Newton–Jenney Party (1875)
756:University of South Dakota
664:Department of the Interior
553:
407:Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway
282:National Historic Landmark
59:43.8354028°N 103.6212972°W
2685:
2644:
2623:
2554:
2438:
2339:
2272:
2263:
2198:
2157:
2081:
2072:
2060:George S. Mickelson Trail
2047:
2016:
2009:
1839:
772:Sioux Falls, South Dakota
733:Estimated completion date
161:
151:
133:
125:
117:
107:
102:Mountain carving monument
97:
87:
74:
40:
36:
24:
2572:Black Hills flood (1972)
1982:Sturgis Motorcycle Rally
1907:Flintstones Bedrock City
1284:Monumental Controversies
675:Pine Ridge, South Dakota
327:Forests and wildernesses
64:43.8354028; -103.6212972
2789:Statues in South Dakota
2754:Great Sioux War of 1876
2394:George Armstrong Custer
2296:Great Sioux Reservation
1997:Wind Cave National Park
1947:Mystic Miner Ski Resort
1790:at the official website
1282:Senie, Harriet (2023).
1092:George Mason University
922:List of tallest statues
608:History of the monument
2567:Stratobowl (1934–1959)
1268:on September 28, 2007.
1112:National Postal Museum
848:
838:
802:Fundraising and events
751:
722:
679:Treaty of Fort Laramie
602:Great Americans series
512:nonprofit organization
432:National Historic Site
139:; 76 years ago
2804:Unfinished sculptures
2631:Rapid City Rapid Ride
1877:Black Hills Playhouse
1671:Voice of America News
1427:"Carving Crazy Horse"
843:
833:
749:
720:
2605:Charles Badger Clark
2024:Norbeck Scenic Byway
1887:Crazy Horse Memorial
1857:Black Elk Wilderness
1673:. September 13, 2003
1437:on October 18, 2006.
1247:Nevada State Journal
1216:Crazy Horse Memorial
1212:"2008 Commemoration"
982:Crazy Horse Memorial
978:"Pictorial Timeline"
958:Crazy Horse Memorial
906:United States portal
629:Luther Standing Bear
600:that is part of its
582:General George Crook
502:was commissioned by
473:Crazy Horse Memorial
20:Crazy Horse Memorial
2677:Mule Creek Junction
1992:Terry Peak ski area
1882:Chapel in the Hills
1648:American Tribes.com
1623:on October 11, 2006
1591:on November 2, 2022
1484:Soderlin, Barbara.
1115:. December 21, 1985
852:John Fire Lame Deer
787:Huron, South Dakota
705:South Dakota Senate
685:Memorial foundation
668:U.S. Forest Service
627:. In October 1931,
613:Henry Standing Bear
596:in 1982 with a 13¢
594:U.S. Postal Service
504:Henry Standing Bear
134:Beginning date
55: /
21:
2029:Iron Mountain Road
1642:Bray, Kingsley M.
1562:. October 22, 2016
1514:. Pacific Standard
1490:Rapid City Journal
1353:Rapid City Journal
892:Visual Arts portal
752:
723:
648:Korczak Ziolkowski
617:Korczak Ziolkowski
564:war leader of the
560:Crazy Horse was a
508:Korczak Ziolkowski
369:National Grassland
167:crazyhorsememorial
92:Korczak Ziolkowski
19:
2701:
2700:
2672:Maverick Junction
2652:Cheyenne Crossing
2619:
2618:
2259:
2258:
2068:
2067:
1892:Custer State Park
1195:AAANativearts.com
1094:. March 22, 2018.
1062:Los Angeles Times
818:at the memorial.
469:
468:
428:Minuteman Missile
318:National monument
215:National memorial
175:
174:
152:Dedicated to
137:June 3, 1948
112:Pegmatite granite
2816:
2577:2000 Jasper Fire
2404:Wild Bill Hickok
2294:established the
2270:
2269:
2079:
2078:
2014:
2013:
1927:The Mammoth Site
1852:Bear Country USA
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1776:Official website
1761:
1760:
1758:
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1742:
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1733:
1731:
1714:
1708:
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1678:
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1639:
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1628:
1616:Associated Press
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1581:
1572:
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1569:
1567:
1559:CBS This Morning
1550:
1544:
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1501:
1500:
1498:
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1465:
1464:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1433:. Archived from
1431:American Profile
1422:
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1238:
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1229:
1227:
1218:. Archived from
1208:
1199:
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908:
903:
902:
901:
894:
889:
888:
864:mountain of Zion
813:
809:
797:
792:
781:
777:
764:T. Denny Sanford
761:
742:Completed vision
693:
650:, who worked on
461:
454:
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412:Spearfish Canyon
257:Spearfish Canyon
247:The Mammoth Site
190:
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2704:
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2697:
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2615:
2587:Lincoln Borglum
2550:
2434:
2335:
2274:Native American
2265:
2255:
2194:
2153:
2074:
2064:
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2034:Needles Highway
2005:
1962:Reptile Gardens
1912:Gordon Stockade
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1088:History Matters
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691:
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588:in present-day
574:Fetterman Fight
562:Native American
558:
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349:National Forest
165:
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2199:Unincorporated
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2026:
2020:
2018:
2011:
2007:
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2004:
2003:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Mount Rushmore
1934:
1929:
1924:
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1917:Homestake Mine
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
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1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Black Elk Peak
1869:
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1806:
1798:
1792:
1791:
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1769:
1768:External links
1766:
1763:
1762:
1751:The New Yorker
1737:
1709:
1703:978-0671215354
1702:
1684:
1653:
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1545:
1525:
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1469:
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1406:. Vintage News
1391:
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1293:978-1640124998
1292:
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1175:978-1586486112
1174:
1154:
1148:978-0762768295
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1021:
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954:"The Mountain"
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768:philanthropist
743:
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686:
683:
656:Gutzon Borglum
652:Mount Rushmore
637:Mount Rushmore
633:Gutzon Borglum
609:
606:
554:Main article:
551:
548:
540:Mount Rushmore
522:
519:
475:is a mountain
467:
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420:Historic sites
417:
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50:103°37′16.67″W
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2430:Charlie Utter
2428:
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2409:Calamity Jane
2407:
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2287:Lakota people
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2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:Scenic routes
2008:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
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1972:Sheridan Lake
1970:
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1967:Rushmore Cave
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1902:Dinosaur Park
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1454:"Quick Facts"
1449:
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1396:
1379:
1372:
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1243:
1237:
1222:on 2015-07-14
1221:
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867:
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860:Russell Means
857:
853:
847:
842:
837:
832:
828:
819:
817:
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788:
783:
773:
769:
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748:
739:
730:
727:
719:
715:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
682:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
660:Oscar Chapman
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
605:
603:
599:
598:postage stamp
595:
591:
587:
586:Camp Robinson
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:Lakota people
567:
566:Oglala Lakota
563:
557:
547:
543:
541:
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403:
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399:Scenic byways
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389:
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384:
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381:
377:
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360:
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312:
309:
308:National park
305:
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300:
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294:
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286:
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279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
269:
268:
264:
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258:
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248:
245:
242:
241:National park
238:
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233:
232:
228:
227:
222:
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212:
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206:
202:
201:
198:
195:Southwestern
194:
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157:
154:
150:
136:
132:
128:
124:
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110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
68:
39:
35:
28:
23:
2667:Keystone Wye
2657:Four Corners
2599:Francis Case
2384:Seth Bullock
2331:Spotted Tail
2311:Sitting Bull
2094:Central City
1957:Pactola Lake
1897:Devils Tower
1886:
1829:South Dakota
1786:Live webcams
1754:. Retrieved
1750:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1722:
1712:
1693:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1670:
1647:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:the original
1614:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1564:. Retrieved
1557:
1548:
1539:Argus Leader
1537:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1489:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:
1435:the original
1430:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1382:. Retrieved
1357:. Retrieved
1351:
1327:. Retrieved
1319:The Guardian
1317:
1283:
1266:the original
1256:
1245:
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1215:
1194:
1184:
1164:
1157:
1137:
1130:
1117:. Retrieved
1110:Smithsonian
1109:
1100:
1087:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1060:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1024:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:
985:. Retrieved
981:
972:
961:. Retrieved
957:
915:
870:
869:In her 2019
868:
856:medicine man
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
825:
805:
784:
753:
736:
728:
724:
709:
701:Oglala Sioux
697:Jim Bradford
688:
672:
645:
625:South Dakota
611:
559:
544:
524:
516:
472:
470:
220:
197:South Dakota
47:43°50′7.45″N
2729:Black Hills
2597:Politician
2439:Ghost towns
2399:Dora DuFran
2316:Crazy Horse
2251:Three Forks
2246:Silver City
2241:Rockerville
2165:Buffalo Gap
2114:Hot Springs
1987:Sylvan Lake
1840:Attractions
1825:Black Hills
1730:October 24,
1595:November 2,
1068:October 30,
854:, a Lakota
621:Black Hills
556:Crazy Horse
550:Crazy Horse
496:Crazy Horse
481:Black Hills
365:Buffalo Gap
345:Black Hills
273:Black Hills
221:Crazy Horse
156:Crazy Horse
62: /
2708:Categories
2609:Historian
2581:Sculptors
2536:Tigerville
2531:Terraville
2496:Myers City
2446:Addie Camp
2413:Historian
2266:and people
2134:Rapid City
2001:bison herd
1847:Bear Butte
1756:2020-11-25
1463:2018-09-25
1359:2014-06-20
1329:2014-06-20
1119:28 October
1015:2011-07-17
987:2020-02-19
963:2022-05-11
933:References
871:New Yorker
846:direction.
822:Opposition
359:Wilderness
339:State Park
314:Jewel Cave
278:Bear Butte
203:Sculptures
144:1948-06-03
2662:Four Mile
2486:Greenwood
2471:Carbonate
2456:Blacktail
2326:Red Cloud
2321:Lone Horn
2306:Black Elk
2211:Four Mile
2149:Whitewood
2139:Spearfish
2129:Newcastle
2119:Hill City
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1518:March 21,
1495:14 August
1410:March 21,
1384:March 21,
1125:ougabouga
1010:USA Today
641:Red Cloud
536:Hill City
355:Black Elk
304:Wind Cave
265:Mountains
2521:Sheridan
2491:Maitland
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2420:Sol Star
2392:General
2341:Old West
2282:Cheyenne
2236:Rochford
2190:Sundance
2180:Keystone
2170:Fairburn
2109:Edgemont
2104:Deadwood
1677:July 28,
1627:July 11,
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1226:July 28,
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878:See also
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2264:History
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1952:Needles
1833:Wyoming
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816:interns
662:of the
391:Pactola
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162:Website
142: (
2759:Lakota
2555:Modern
2546:Trojan
2541:Tinton
2506:Nahant
2501:Mystic
2216:Galena
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185:
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2206:Dewey
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1999:with
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1412:2020
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1070:2013
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791:US$
780:US$
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