Corvus - Knowledge

828:. These associations are linked to feeding and hunting. Ravens use their calls to notify these animals when an injured prey is near. This interaction is most noticeable in winter where ravens are associated with wolf packs nearly 100% of the time. As a result of this connection, studies have been conducted on the reaction of prey animals to the call of the raven. In areas where ravens associate with predators, prey animals are more likely to avoid predation by leaving after hearing the call. Crows are also capable of distinguishing between coyotes and wolves and have shown a preference for wolves. This may be due to the fact that wolves kill larger prey. When hunting, ravens can locate injured animals, like elk, and can call out to wolves to kill them. At times, ravens associate with wolves even when there is no carcass and can even be seen forming relationships with them. This includes playing with cubs by using sticks, picking at their tails, or flying around them. 958: 949:

This includes cognitive ability. Though the brains differ significantly between mammals and birds, larger forebrains are seen in corvids compared to other birds (except some parrots), especially in areas associated with social learning, planning, decision making in humans and complex cognition in apes. Along with tool use, ravens can recognize themselves in a mirror. This complex cognition can also be extended to socio-cognitive abilities. Studies have been conducted regarding the development and evolution of social abilities in ravens. These results help to show how ravens prefer to form stable relationships with siblings and close social partners as opposed to strangers. The development in social abilities is essential for raven survival, including identifying whether something poses a threat and how ravens alert others nearby of an incoming threat.

851:; ravens help wolves find prey and when the wolves kill them the ravens can eat too. However, this relationship is not without its faults. Ravens may sometimes eat more of the prey than the wolf does. This problem has also been linked to wolf pack size, with some researchers suggesting that one of the reasons wolves hunt in larger packs is so that ravens (and other scavengers) get less of the food. Along with contention in wolves, ravens can also bother each other. By feeding off of the same carcass it is possible that some ravens will steal from their conspecifics. This behaviour is related to the ravens' ability to make quick decisions about eating the food then or storing it for later, and to their dominance and fighting ability. 1562:, crows are thought of as carriers of information that give omens to people regarding their situations. For example, when a crow crows in front of a person's house, the resident is expected to have special visitors that day. Also, in Hindu literature, crows have great memories which they use to give information. Symbolism is associated with the crow in the Hindu faith. On a positive note, crows are often associated with worship of ancestors because they are believed to be embodying the souls of the recently deceased. However, many other associations with crows are seen in Hinduism. Crows are believed to be connected with both the gods and goddesses, particularly the controversial ones such as Sani, the god of the planet 1284:

that unintentional catch of nontarget species is avoided. If a nontarget species is caught, it can be easily released without harm to the bird. The traps are cost-efficient because they are inexpensive and simple to construct, and require little manpower to monitor. The bait used in the traps can also be specific to corvids. Carrion, grains, unshelled raw peanuts, and shiny objects in the trap are effective baits. When removing crows from a ladder trap, one living crow is left as an effective decoy for other crows. Trapping is considered the most humane method for crow removal because the crows can be relocated without harm or stress. However, most wild birds in general have a knack for returning to their home ranges.

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U.S. under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, but because of their perceived destructive nature, control of the species is allowed in certain areas. Because of their intelligence, control is often difficult or expensive. Methods for control include hunting, chemical immobilization, harassment and scare tactics, and trapping. Before any measure is used to confine, trap, kill, poison, immobilize, or alter the habits of any wild bird species, a person must check local, state, and federal regulations pertaining to such actions.

447: 747: 700: 8942: 1732:, the jackdaw embodies stupidity in one tale (by starving while waiting for figs on a fig tree to ripen), vanity in another (the jackdaw sought to become king of the birds with borrowed feathers, but was shamed when they fell off), and cunning in yet another (the crow comes up to a pitcher and knows that his beak is too short to reach the water, and if he tips it over, all the water will fall out, so the crow places pebbles in the pitcher so the water rises and he can reach it to relieve his thirst). 7634: 1566:, who uses a crow as his vehicle. In Hindu astrology, it is said that one who has the effect of Sani in their horoscope are angered easily, and may be unable to take control of their futures, but are extremely intelligent at the same time. Thus the presence of a crow, the vehicle of Sani is believed to have similar effects on the homes it lays its eyes on. Whether these effects are positive or negative is a source of debate in Hinduism. Crows are also considered ancestors in Hinduism and during 1029: 171: 146: 1087: 1141: 1381: 1365: 804:

between birds, a series of "kowws" in discrete units, a long caw followed by a series of short caws (usually made when a bird takes off from a perch), an echo-like "eh-aw" sound, and more. These vocalizations vary by species, and within each species they vary regionally. In many species, the pattern and number of the numerous vocalizations have been observed to change in response to events in the surroundings (e.g. arrival or departure of crows).

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predator decoys, and traditional scarecrows. Greater success has been achieved by adding sound and motion to predator decoys to mimic a distressed crow being caught by a predator such as an owl or hawk. Work is currently being done which uses multiple aversion techniques in one area. The theory is that multiple techniques used together will confuse the crows, thereby lessening the probability of habituation to stimuli.

855: 988: 1313:. After the nonhunting policy was lifted by the Prussian government in 1721–1724 and alternative food supplies increased, the practice was forgotten. The tradition re-emerged after World War I; in marketplaces, butchered crows that were sought after and bought by townsfolk were common. The hunted crows were not the local, but the migrating ones; each year during the spring and autumn, crows migrated via the 432: 1396: 7629: 1305:, a Baltic tribe, when common food was exhausted and the landscape changed so that farming was not as productive during the 18th and 19th centuries. Fishermen supplemented their diet by gathering coastal bird eggs and preserving crow meat by salting and smoking it. It became a traditional food for poor folk and is documented in a poem, " 1317:

between Finland and the rest of Europe. In 1943, the government even issued a hunting quota for such activities. Crows were usually caught by attracting them with smoked fish or grains soaked in spirits and then collecting them with nets. It was a job for the elderly or young who were unable to go to

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Scare tactics have been the most widely used aversion tactic for crows in areas frequented by humans and domestic animal species. This safe method does not require constant maintenance or manpower to operate or monitor. However, corvids quickly become habituated to most tactics such as blast cannons,

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Crows reach sexual maturity around the age of three years for females and five years for males. Clutch size is around three to nine eggs, and the nesting period lasts between 20 and 40 days. While crows typically mate for life, extra-pair copulation is not unusual, and young from previous years often

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Many studies have been conducted to research the ways in which ravens and corvids learn. Some have concluded that the brains of ravens and crows compare in relative size to great apes. The encephalization quotient (EQ) helps to expose the similarities between a great ape brain and a crow/raven brain.

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In medieval times, crows were thought to live abnormally long lives. They were also thought to be monogamous throughout their long lives. They were thought to predict the future, anticipate rain and reveal ambushes. Crows were also thought to lead flocks of storks while they crossed the sea to Asia.

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of the Qur'an describes the story of how the crow teaches the son of Adam to cover the dead body of his brother: "Then Allah sent a crow digging a grave in the ground for a dead crow, in order to show him how to bury the corpse of his brother. He cried, 'Alas! Have I even failed to be like this crow

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Trapping is a rarely used technique in the U.S., but is being used with success in parts of Europe and Australia. The ladder-style trap (e.g., Australian Crow Trap or Modified Australian Crow Trap) seems to be the most effective in crow-trapping techniques. Ladder traps are constructed in such a way

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Ravens have been mostly seen among travelling wolf packs rather than resting wolves, possibly due to the increased likelihood of food. They are also known to trust wolves in the pack they follow; when encountering a carcass killed by animals other than wolves, they are more apprehensive to eat from

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or vocalizations. Crows have also been observed to respond to calls of other species; presumably, this behavior is learned because it varies regionally. Crows' vocalizations are complex and poorly understood. Some of the many vocalizations that crows make are a "koww", usually echoed back and forth

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Other methods have been used with little or limited success. Lasers have been used successfully to remove large flocks of birds from roost structures in urban areas, but success in keeping crows off roosts has been short-lived. Homeowners can reduce the presence of crows by keeping trash stored in

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Intelligence and social structures make most crow species adaptable and opportunistic. Crows frequently cause damage to crops and property, strew trash, and transfer disease. In densely populated areas around the world, corvids are generally regarded as nuisance animals. Crows are protected in the

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The common raven and carrion crow have been blamed for killing weak lambs and are often seen eating freshly dead corpses probably killed by other means. The Australian raven has been documented chasing, attacking, and seriously injuring lambs. Rooks have been blamed for eating grain in the UK and

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In the United States, hunting is allowed under state and federal regulation. Crow hunting is considered a sport in rural areas of the U.S. because the birds are not considered a traditional edible game species. Some cultures do treat various corvid species as a food source. Liability and possible

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of crows is rather dense in Europe, but the relationships among most prehistoric species are not clear. Corvids are found in major cities across the world, and a major increase in the number of crows in urban settings has occurred since the 1900s. Historical records suggest that the population of

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As a group, crows show remarkable examples of intelligence. Natural history books from the 18th century recount an often-repeated, but unproven anecdote of "counting crows"—specifically a crow whose ability to count to five (or four in some versions) is established through a logic trap set by a

1582:, which occurs in the autumn season, as an offering and sacrifice to the ancestors. During the time of Pitra Paksha, it is believed that the ancestors descend on earth from pitra-loka, and are able to eat food offered to them by the means of a crow. This can also occur during the time of 833: 832: 487:

The coloration of the livery is dominated by shades of black, with some species having plumage with metallic iridescence and others that have white or gray areas on the neck or torso. Australian species have light eyes, while generally the irises of other species are dark.

1501:, and ancestral being. Legends relating to Crow have been observed in various Aboriginal language groups and cultures across Australia; these commonly include stories relating to Crow's role in the theft of fire, the origin of death, and the killing of Eagle's son. 1015:

Some crows may live to the age of 20, and the oldest known American crow in the wild was almost 30 years old. The oldest documented captive crow died at age 59. The American crow is highly susceptible to the recently introduced North American strain of

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Crows gather in large communal roosts numbering between 200 and tens of thousands of individuals during nonbreeding months, particularly in the winter. These gatherings tend to happen near large food sources such as garbage dumps and shopping centers.

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These are birds with a robust and slender appearance, equipped with a small, rounded head with a strong, conical beak, elongated and pointed, with a slightly curved end towards the bottom; the legs are strong and the tail is short and wedge-shaped.

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corresponded with a quick geographic expansion. The radiation of the genus resulted in rapid expansion of morphological diversity and fast speciation rates, especially around the beginning of the genus' radiation around 10 million years ago.

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American crows found in North America has been growing steadily since the introduction of European colonization, and spread east to west with the opening of the frontier. Crows were uncommon in the Pacific Northwest in the 1900s, except in

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Crows have been shown to have the ability to visually recognize individual humans and to transmit information about "bad" humans by squawking. Crows appear to show appreciation to humans by presenting them with gifts.

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Crows have demonstrated the ability to distinguish individual humans by recognizing facial features. Evidence also suggests they are one of the few nonhuman animals, along with insects like bees or ants, capable of

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Emery and Clayton write, "These studies have found that some corvids are not only superior in intelligence to birds of other avian species (perhaps with the exception of some parrots), but also rival many nonhuman

1555:, the night raven is considered an exorcised spirit. A hole in its left wing denotes where the stake used to exorcise it was driven into the earth. He who looks through the hole will become a night raven himself. 974:

Crows are omnivorous, and their diets are very diverse. They eat almost any food, including other birds, fruits, nuts, mollusks, earthworms, seeds, frogs, eggs, nestlings, mice, and carrion. The origin of placing

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by flipping the cane toad on its back and stabbing the throat where the skin is thinner, allowing the crow to access the nontoxic innards; their long beaks ensure that all of the innards can be removed.

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and raven to find land; however, the dove merely circles and returns. Only then does Utnapishtim send forth the raven, which does not return, and Utnapishtim concludes the raven has found land.

676:. Populations in the west increased substantially from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s. Crows and ravens spread along with agriculture and urbanization into the western part of North America. 766: 902:

presented data acquired by mounting tiny video cameras on the tails of New Caledonian crows. They pluck, smooth, and bend twigs and grass stems to procure a variety of foodstuffs. Crows in

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danger to persons and property limit the use of hunting or shooting as control methods in urban areas. Crows' wariness and cunning make harvesting crows in sufficient numbers difficult.

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Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata

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Andrea K Townsend and Christopher M Barker (2014). Plastic and the Nest Entanglement of Urban and Agricultural Crows. Heiss, R., Clark, A. and McGowan, K. (2009).

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Medium-large species are ascribed to the genus, ranging from 34 cm (13 in) of some small Mexican species to 60–70 cm (24–28 in) of the large

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in grain fields resulted from the crow's incessant damaging and scavenging, although crows assist farmers by eating insects otherwise attracted to their crops.

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Ancient Greek authors tell how a jackdaw, being a social creature, may be caught with a dish of oil into which it falls while looking at its own reflection.

2728: 3236: 945:, crows have shown the ability to both activate public drinking fountains and adjust the water flow to appropriate levels for either bathing or drinking. 2072: 883:" to establish pecking order. They have been found to engage in activities such as sports, tool use, the ability to hide and store food across seasons, 3523:

Alexander, G.; Mann, T.; Mulhearn, C. J.; Rowley, I. C. R.; Williams, D.; Winn, D. (1967). "Activities of foxes and crows in a flock of lambing ewes".

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genus makes up a third of the species in the family Corvidae. The members appear to have evolved in Asia from the corvid stock, which had evolved in

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Crow nestlings in urban areas face threats such as nest entanglement from anthropogenic nesting materials and stunted growth due to poor nutrition.

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about the same relative size as the functionally equivalent neocortex in chimpanzees and humans, and significantly larger than is found in the

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Marzluff, J., Bowman, R. and Donnelly, R. (2001). Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

8347: 7712: 381:; those discovered later were named "crow" or "raven" chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller. The genus name is 8272: 1411:

runs, "The swans will sing when the jackdaws are silent," meaning that educated or wise people will speak after the foolish become quiet.

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Caccamise, D., Reed, L. and Stouffer, P. (1997). Roosting Behavior and Group Territoriality in American Crows. The Auk, 114(4), 628-637.

1986: 1681:– whose name means "crow" or "raven"—is associated with corvids and death; tradition holds that Bran's severed head is buried under the 8282: 6487: 563:

and surrounding islands, with numerous species endemic to islands in the area; other areas with a large number of crow species include

8302: 7057: 1962: 1048:; only a few dozen birds survive in captivity. It is listed as "extinct in the wild" by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 9118: 3036: 3840: 1708:, especially those in the Pacific Northwest, the raven is seen as both the Creator of the World and, separately, a trickster god. 1693:

particularly—are associated with death and the "other world", and must be greeted respectfully. The origin of "counting crows" as

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of Crete and was punished for her avarice by being transformed into an equally avaricious jackdaw, which still seeks shiny things.

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Countless incidents are recorded of corvids at play. Many behaviourists see play as an essential quality in intelligent animals.

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songs. A 2019 study showed that ravens are the most frequent birds mentioned in heavy metal lyrics, while crows are the fourth (

1685:, facing France—a possible genesis for the practice of keeping ravens in the Tower, said to protect the fortunes of Britain. In 1060:. The American crow, despite having its population reduced by 45% since 1999 by the West Nile virus, is considered a species of 1490: 4420: 4401: 4382: 4363: 4340: 4317: 4298: 4201: 4116: 4069: 3998: 3971: 3922: 3887: 3782: 3740: 3713: 3659: 3559: 2822: 2571: 2544: 2139: 1970: 1854:

Garcia-Porta, Joan; Sol, Daniel; Pennell, Matt; Sayol, Ferran; Kaliontzopoulou, Antigoni; Botero, Carlos A. (21 April 2022).

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Baha'u'llah on Hinduism and Zoroastrianism: The Tablet to Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Concerning the Questions of Manakji Limji Hataria

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Heinrich, B. (1988). "Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven,

1772:, a very old sage in the form of a crow, Bhusunda, recalls a succession of epochs in the earth's history, as described in 6856: 756: 3201: 8119: 7123: 4489: 2363:"Common ravens, Corvus corax, preferentially associate with grey wolves, Canis lupus, as a foraging strategy in winter" 1003:

A crow's nest is made of materials such as twigs, electrical wire, metal strips, plastic pieces, and other small items.

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scale. Wild hooded crows in Israel have learned to use bread crumbs for bait-fishing. Crows engage in a kind of midair

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the form of mother goddess that invokes quarrel and fear. Crows are also fed during the fifteen day period of

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containers, feeding pets indoors, and hanging tin pie-pans or reflective gazing globes around garden areas.

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Conover, M. R. (1985). "Protecting vegetables from crows using an animated crow-killing owl model".

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Heinrich, B.; Marzluff, J. M. (1991). "Do common ravens yell because they want to attract others?".

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Zailer, Xenia (2013). "Dark Shades of Power: the Crow in Hindu and Tantric Religious Traditions".

3576: 3365:"National Geographic News. 2010. Crow meat comes back—boost sexual potency? Accessed. 17 Oct 2013" 2411: 1586:, many Hindus prepare entire vegetarian meals that are eaten solely by the crows and other birds. 6709: 1198: 1191: 31: 4061: 4055: 3879: 3869: 3651: 3645: 1052:

Two species of crows have been listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - the

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farmer. Crows and ravens often score very highly on intelligence tests. Certain species top the

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Growth and nutritional state of American crow nestlings vary between urban and rural habitats.

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Chamberlain, Dwight R; Cornwell, George W (1971). "Selected Vocalizations of the Common Crow".

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Soares, Henrique M.; Tomotani, João, V.; Tomotani, Barbara M.; Salvador, Rodrigo B. (2019).

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is British; however, the British version rather is to "count magpies"—their black and white

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Gorenzel, W. P.; Blackwell, B. F.; Simmons, G. D.; Salmon, T. P.; Dolbeer, R. A. (2002).

2839: 2285: 1925: 1151: 891: 848: 412: 4253: 2924: 2881: 1871: 1678: 930:(communication about things that are not immediately present, spatially or temporally). 8779: 7787: 7022: 6965: 6416: 6398: 6371: 6353: 5798: 5771: 5623: 5499: 5295: 5150: 5132: 4862: 4838: 4265: 3850: 3483: 3407: 3346: 3293: 3089: 3062: 2936: 2893: 2682: 2651: 2510: 2485: 2466: 2390: 2333: 2308: 2215: 1898: 1855: 1609: 1520: 1328: 1306: 820:

Along with other birds, ravens have been known to associate with other animals such as

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tryst with a mortal, his ire transmuting the crow's feathers from white to black.

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Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition

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The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics, Revised and Updated Edition

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New research indicates that crows are among the brightest animals in the world.

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sea to fish, and it was common to catch 150 to 200 birds during a hunting day.

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In Ancient Greece and Rome, several myths about crows and jackdaws included:

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in the day-to-day search for food. On 5 October 2007, researchers from the

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Audio clip of the call of a Common Raven from the Yellowstone sound library

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Weaving and Binding: Immigrant Gods and Female Immortals in Ancient Japan

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account at 1 Kings 17:6, ravens are credited with providing Elijah food.

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https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2019/03/SWAP-2015-Alala-Final.pdf

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Comparative Vertebrate Cognition: Are Primates Superior to Non-Primates?

9123: 8894: 8880: 8857: 8759: 8752: 8710: 8654: 8609: 8526: 8483: 8400: 8316: 8227: 8220: 8213: 8185: 8165: 8064: 8050: 7939: 7865: 7823: 7738: 7728: 7498: 7440: 7417: 7394: 7303: 7296: 7227: 7220: 7206: 6982: 6843: 6599: 6514: 6438: 6248: 6167: 6134: 6015: 5968: 5959: 5723: 5508: 5454: 4969: 4623: 4535: 4529: 3411: 3350: 3111: 2987:""Genius" crow that twists the water tap Drinking, bathing, adjustable" 2932: 2889: 2764: 2219: 2155: 1781: 1429: 903: 859: 791: 703: 624:); others named by Linnaeus in the same work include the carrion crow ( 564: 560: 106: 71: 3536: 3327:"Abundance and Projected Control of Invasive House Crows in Singapore" 3288: 3143:

https://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrhs/content/titleinfo/2679337/full.pdf

2501: 2437:

Vucetich, John A.; Peterson, Rolf O.; Waite, Thomas A. (1 June 2004).

1380: 934: 914:

The western jackdaw and the Eurasian magpie have been found to have a

9066: 8866: 8842: 8822: 8696: 8689: 8682: 8675: 8575: 8547: 8420: 8309: 8292: 8241: 8234: 8192: 8137: 8008: 7987: 7959: 7830: 7721: 7692: 7683: 7672: 7604: 7573: 7428: 7403: 7354: 7248: 6817: 6714: 6541: 6524: 6465: 6380: 6335: 6311: 6275: 6194: 5912: 5789: 5780: 5732: 5376: 3845: 1832: 1575: 1494: 1433: 1369: 1302: 976: 907: 844: 711: 580: 552: 528: 401: 347: 222: 182: 111: 55: 9136: 8961: 4375:

Crows and Jays: A Guide to the Crows, Jays, and Magpies of the World

3403: 3342: 2115:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 824. Archived from 1364: 1180: 636:), and two species which have since been moved to other genera, the 9071: 8984: 8873: 8745: 8647: 8561: 8540: 8440: 8409: 8382: 8375: 8255: 8176: 8158: 8057: 8022: 7994: 7950: 7752: 7745: 7471: 7234: 7185: 7170: 7152: 7133: 6881: 6554: 6529: 6143: 5887: 5825: 5098: 4927: 4853: 4557: 4517: 4511: 4499: 3237:"Pacific Region Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" 3221:. Penn State Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics. Archived from 1803: 1594: 1559: 1513: 1505: 999: 938: 876: 872: 556: 508: 503: 477: 458: 354: 285: 242: 232: 202: 101: 96: 81: 76: 66: 2810: 2628: 2361:

Stahler, Daniel; Heinrich, Bernd; Smith, Douglas (1 August 2002).

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Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative and Ecological Perspectives

1469: 9258: 9058: 8724: 8582: 8568: 8337: 8071: 8043: 8001: 7858: 7772: 7701: 7447: 7410: 7262: 7164: 6734: 6678: 6668: 5835: 5031: 4613: 3628: 1698: 1656: 1552: 1437: 1408: 1045: 987: 854: 661: 131: 116: 91: 4331:

Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds

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Essentials of Shinto: An Analytical Guide to Principal Teachings

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Crows and the other members of the genus make a wide variety of

411:

Recent research has found some crow species capable of not only

365:, and rooks. The species commonly encountered in Europe are the 8456: 8429: 7844: 7363: 7146: 7131: 6589: 5170: 4792: 4577: 3262:

Lim, H. C., N. S. Sodhi, B. W. Brook, and M. C. K. Soh (2003).

2956:"Carrion Crow manipulating water taps for drinking and bathing" 2955: 1826: 1799: 1750: 1694: 1690: 1667: 1583: 1563: 1545: 1516:

is represented by a crow in one of his physical/earthly forms.

919: 821: 576: 575:, and Australia. A high density of endemics is also present in 544: 540: 192: 4394:

The Language of Crows: The Crows.net Book of the American Crow

3677: 3457: 3367:. News.nationalgeographic.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from 3325:

Brook, B. W.; Sodhi, N. S.; Soh, M. C. K.; Lim, H. C. (2003).

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The quality of breeding-pair relationships in ravens and crows

1794:

Both ravens and crows have commonly featured in the lyrics of

431: 9232: 8085: 6739: 6673: 4187: 1605:

and bury the corpse of my brother?' So he became regretful."

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

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http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/american_crow/lifehistory

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are fabled to have bribed the jackdaws to spare their crops.

1395: 6500: 5262: 4523: 3522: 1853: 1736: 1660: 1534: 1415: 895: 825: 358: 350: 212: 4413:

The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand

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cherished jackdaws for destroying grasshoppers' eggs. The

6005: 5949: 4917: 4461: 4372: 3432:. Internet Center for Wildlife Management. Archived from 3154:

Allaboutbirds.org, (2014). American Crow. Available at:

2286:"Ravens: The Wolf's "Wingman" | Wolf Conservation Center" 1701:

colouring alluding to the realms of the living and dead.

1655:

are a pair of common ravens that range the entire world,

4446: 4060:. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. pp. 2589:"Science/Nature | Crows and jays top bird IQ scale" 2484:

Gallego-Abenza, M.; Loretto, M. C.; Bugnyar, T. (2020).

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for the Greek myth of why the raven's feathers are black

4454:- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Oxford University 3728: 3650:. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. p. 497: 353:

ranging from medium-sized to large-sized in the family

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to crows is still in vogue. Crows are associated with

1512:

disciplines. The Dharmapala (protector of the Dharma)

996:

help nesting pairs protect a nest and feed nestlings.

847:

relationship between ravens and wolves is shown to be

4497: 2649: 2436: 8343: 8298: 8288: 8278: 8268: 7734: 7467: 7436: 3902: 2840:"Friend or Foe? Crows Never Forget a Face, It Seems" 2360: 1920: 1670:, ravens are held to be the ghosts of murdered men. 4102: 3959: 3777:. Oxford University Press. pp. 95–96 and 231. 2439:"Raven scavenging favours group foraging in wolves" 2205: 1205:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 966:or house crow resting in shadows on a rooftop with 4351: 4328: 3460:"Evaluation of lasers to disperse American crows, 2532: 1067: 3630:Collected Works of Erasmus: Adages: Ivi1 to Ix100 408:for a group of crows is a "flock" or a "murder". 9278: 4411:Worthy, Trevor H.; Holdaway, Richard N. (2002). 4210: 3993:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 100–103. 3838: 3626: 3574: 3324: 3060: 2910: 2727:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1776:. He survived several destructions, living on a 1548:, who shot down nine crows and spared only one. 27:Genus of birds including crows, ravens and rooks 5885: 5096: 4125: 3061:Blum, C. R.; Fitch, W. T.; Bugnyar, T. (2020). 1753:became enraged when the crow exposed his lover 4140: 3678:Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth (1895). "Jackdaw". 3554:. Queensland University Press, St Lucia, Qld. 3525:Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3389: 2758: 2650:Prior, H.; Schwarz, A.; Güntürkün, O. (2008). 2261:"Can crows talk like parrots? (Facts + Video)" 1622: 7117: 6481: 5057: 4483: 3986: 3610:"Birds that bring gifts and do the gardening" 3063:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 3037:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 2811:Rogers, Lesley J.; Kaplan, Gisela T. (2004). 2709:. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012 2486:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 2309:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 2079:. NG Society. 9 December 2004. Archived from 1094:The examples and perspective in this section 4447:Crows.net: The Language and Culture of Crows 4169:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3673: 3671: 3310:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2154: 2134:(5 ed.). London: Cassell. p. 883. 1958:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names 1375: 1368:Crow pictured in the former coat of arms of 1331:for raiding date crops in desert countries. 656:species are now considered to be members of 547:, and Australia. The center of diversity of 4214:The Crows: A Study of the Corvids of Europe 3633:. University of Toronto Press. p. 314. 2817:. New York, New York: Springer. p. 9. 2073:"Crows as Clever as Great Apes, Study Says" 1849: 1847: 457:) scavenging on a dead shark at a beach in 7124: 7110: 6488: 6474: 4575: 4490: 4476: 3966:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 96. 3735:. Stanford University Press. p. 102. 3686: 3549: 3424: 2539:. Oxford University Press. pp. 289–. 1407:An ancient Greek and Roman adage, told by 1112:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 423:equal to that of many non-human primates. 144: 7058:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 3668: 3287: 3219:"Why West Nile virus kills so many crows" 3088: 3078: 2681: 2671: 2509: 2332: 1897: 1879: 1265:Learn how and when to remove this message 1128:Learn how and when to remove this message 392:occur on all temperate continents except 5910: 5121: 4188:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (2002). 4149:"Bird biodiversity in heavy metal songs" 4053: 3643: 3468:International Journal of Pest Management 3202:Crow Believed to Be Oldest in World Dies 3190:"Frequently Asked Questions About Crows" 2984: 2863: 2733:, Associated Press via Discovery Channel 2652:"Mirror-Induced Behavior in the Magpie ( 2105: 1844: 1468: 1394: 1379: 1363: 1348: 1139: 1027: 998: 986: 956: 853: 830: 811: 698: 507: 445: 430: 357:. It includes species commonly known as 4194:The International Wildlife Encyclopedia 3910:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology 3863: 3239:. Fws.gov. 23 June 2011. Archived from 2953: 2837: 2831: 2559: 2192:Bekoff, Mark & Byers, John (1998). 2129: 2011: 1954: 1010: 14: 9279: 6495: 5833: 4438:Frequently Asked Questions About Crows 4391: 4354:The American Crow and the Common Raven 3866:"Tara, Chinnamasta and the Mahavidyas" 3811: 3692: 3593: 3543: 2586: 2406: 2404: 2306: 2158:; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). 2005: 1930:"Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise" 1338: 1023: 594:The genus was originally described by 8966: 8965: 8135: 7649: 7183: 7105: 6469: 5884: 5270: 5095: 4554: 4471: 4109:Encyclopedia of Greco-Roman Mythology 4015:"Common Ravens - Species Information" 2704:Schmid, Randolph E. (5 October 2007) 2412:"Naturalist Notes: Wolves and Ravens" 2356: 2354: 2352: 2258: 1936:. International Ornithologists' Union 1715: 1418:saw the crow as a harbinger of rain ( 9307:Extant Burdigalian first appearances 9264:12B699E7-1B57-4AC4-818D-0176831A2EE2 9238:AFE60C31-857A-373C-3F4C-854E47F06B62 9199:4eef13ee-0a40-41a8-bcbb-ea3d0e618eda 9111:a2e6ca20-04a7-48e2-aa18-ecc63decf9b5 4373:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hillary (1994). 4196:. Vol. 10. Marshall Cavendish. 3770: 3755:This mythology comes from a text in 3596:"The girl who gets gifts from birds" 2838:Nijhuis, Michelle (25 August 2008). 2759:Katrina Bolton (15 September 2007). 1989:. Word-detective.com. Archived from 1961:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 1321: 1203:adding citations to reliable sources 1174: 1080: 721: 498:Evolutionary history and systematics 323: 5178: 4555: 4326: 4307: 4242:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3913:. Oxford University Press. p. 2913:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2870:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2401: 1570:, the practice of offering food or 24: 7650: 4358:. Texas A&M University Press. 4288: 4180: 3392:The Journal of Wildlife Management 3331:The Journal of Wildlife Management 2985:Sugimoto, Takashi (2 March 2019). 2625:"Crow tubing upon a slide (video)" 2349: 2065: 2036: 2014:"Crow Makes Wire Hook to Get Food" 1948: 1914: 1301:Crows were hunted for survival by 906:have learned how to eat the toxic 745: 25: 9323: 4431: 4410: 4349: 4057:Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery 3839:Vasudevan, Vidia (26 July 2001). 3647:Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery 3594:Sewall, Katy (25 February 2015). 3575:Krulwich, Robert (27 July 2009). 3133:Forest Birds - Corvus hawaiiensis 2587:Rincon, Paul (22 February 2005). 2012:Winkler, Robert (8 August 2002). 991:Nestlings, almost ready to fledge 535:and radiated out from there into 480:represent the larger passerines. 8946: 8940: 8935: 8929: 8118: 8113: 7632: 7627: 6635: 3849:. Chennai, India. Archived from 3729:Kovacs, Maureen Gallery (1989). 2656:): Evidence of Self-Recognition" 2313:Proceedings. Biological Sciences 2161:Check-List of Birds of the World 1934:IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 1706:some Native American mythologies 1597:, the goddess of war and death. 1287: 1179: 1161: 1085: 790:Problems playing this file? See 764: 169: 59: 4293:. Queensland University Press. 4231: 4096: 4078: 4047: 4033: 4007: 3980: 3953: 3931: 3896: 3857: 3832: 3805: 3791: 3764: 3749: 3722: 3637: 3620: 3602: 3587: 3568: 3516: 3494: 3451: 3418: 3383: 3357: 3318: 3255: 3229: 3211: 3195: 3182: 3169: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3105: 3054: 3029: 3004: 2978: 2947: 2904: 2857: 2804: 2778: 2752: 2736: 2698: 2643: 2617: 2606: 2580: 2553: 2526: 2477: 2430: 2300: 2278: 2252: 2226: 2199: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2148: 1487:Australian Aboriginal mythology 1190:needs additional citations for 1068:Problems and methods of control 982: 865: 605:. The name is derived from the 6787:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck 4017:. Avianweb.com. Archived from 3876:University of California Press 2123: 2099: 1979: 426: 390:46 or so members of this genus 13: 1: 8136: 7063:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust 4642:Black racket-tailed treepie ( 4392:Westerfield, Michael (2011). 3903:Leeming, David Adams (2005). 3774:Handbook of Chinese Mythology 2707:"Crows Bend Twigs Into Tools" 2455:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.06.018 1838: 1720: 1504:Crows are mentioned often in 1454:was bribed with gold by King 1345:Cultural depictions of ravens 664:species have been described. 7184: 4452:Tool making and use by Crows 4415:. Indiana University Press. 4103:Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (1998). 3960:Picken, Stuart D.B. (1994). 3192:, Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2673:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202 2566:. Keeok Park. pp. 19–. 2050:. PBS video. 24 October 2010 1806:being the second and third). 1593:, crows are associated with 7: 9312:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6799:Jonathan Livingston Seagull 6751:The Conference of the Birds 6120:White-throated Magpie-jay ( 6111:Black-throated magpie-jay ( 4881:Yellow-billed blue magpie ( 3704:. London: Penguin. p. 3268:Journal of Tropical Ecology 2954:Higuchi, Hiroyoshi (2019). 2533:Dehaene, Stanislas (2011). 1810: 1644:(hangul: 삼족오; hanja: 三足烏). 1170: 1144:Skeleton of American crow ( 1108:, discuss the issue on the 816:Wolf and ravens associating 807: 694: 396:, and several islands. The 10: 9328: 7081:Human–dinosaur coexistence 6780:A History of British Birds 6586:In mythology and religion 4821:Indochinese green magpie ( 4442:Cornell Lab of Ornithology 4086:"The Crow and the Pitcher" 3864:Kinsley, David R. (1988). 3464:, from urban night roosts" 2627:. Wimp.com. Archived from 2132:Cassell's Latin Dictionary 1881:10.1038/s41467-022-29707-5 1450:In Greek legend, princess 1342: 1296: 1276: 1076: 683: 679: 501: 476:, which together with the 29: 8974: 8927: 8856: 8832: 8798: 8789: 8769: 8637: 8599: 8502: 8493: 8466: 8439: 8419: 8399: 8175: 8148: 8144: 8131: 8111: 7949: 7929: 7895: 7875: 7806: 7786: 7762: 7711: 7691: 7682: 7662: 7658: 7645: 7625: 7603: 7583: 7556: 7529: 7481: 7427: 7393: 7373: 7353: 7333: 7313: 7286: 7196: 7192: 7179: 7141: 7086:Category:Birds and humans 7073: 7013:Henry Constantine Richter 6955: 6917: 6687: 6644: 6633: 6507: 6429: 6333: 6165: 6132: 6095: 6013: 6003: 5957: 5947: 5901: 5897: 5880: 5824: 5260: 5167: 5112: 5108: 5091: 5048: 5022: 4967: 4925: 4915: 4851: 4800: 4789: 4763: 4732: 4654: 4621: 4612: 4568: 4564: 4550: 4506: 4498:Extant species of family 4350:Kilham, Lawrence (1991). 4262:10.1017/S1477201903001019 4211:Coombs, Franklin (1978). 4041:"Medieval Bestiary: Crow" 3680:A Glossary of Greek Birds 3627:Mynors, Roger A. (1989). 3480:10.1080/09670870210151689 3280:10.1017/s0266467403006084 3080:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581794 1955:Jobling, James A (2010). 1623: 1376:In folklore and mythology 523:The members of the genus 319: 312: 298: 293: 277: 270: 166:Scientific classification 164: 152: 143: 45: 7136:and their extinct allies 6698:Bird-and-flower painting 4872:Red-billed blue magpie ( 4773:Ratchet-tailed treepie ( 4327:Heinrich, Bernd (1999). 4308:Heinrich, Bernd (1991). 4111:. ABC-CLIO. p. 93. 3583:. National Public Radio. 2077:National Geographic News 1788: 738: 421:encephalization quotient 342:is a widely distributed 6047:Woodhouse's scrub jay ( 5742:Hispaniolan palm crow ( 5067:Stresemann's bushcrow ( 4890:Sri Lanka blue magpie ( 4702:White-bellied treepie ( 4153:Journal of Geek Studies 3826:10.1558/rosa.v7i1-3.212 3814:Religions of South Asia 3204:. Associated Press via 3177:Ecological Applications 3067:Frontiers in Psychology 952: 730: 586:The diversification of 32:Corvus (disambiguation) 7053:BirdLife International 6993:John Gerrard Keulemans 6945:of the Tower of London 6806:In theatre and ballet 6615:Driven grouse shooting 6345:Silvery-throated jay ( 6029:California scrub jay ( 5606:Eastern carrion crow ( 5199:Yellow-billed magpie ( 5001:Turkestan ground jay ( 4992:Mongolian ground jay ( 4830:Bornean green magpie ( 4751:Bornean black magpie ( 4742:Malayan black magpie ( 4335:. Cliff Street Books. 3987:Como, Michael (2009). 3939:"Surat Al-Maidah 5:31" 3761:, among other sources. 3117:9 October 2014 at the 2379:10.1006/anbe.2002.3047 2325:10.1098/rspb.1999.0917 2130:Simpson, D.P. (1979). 1987:"Murder of Crows, etc" 1928:, eds. (August 2024). 1482: 1400: 1392: 1372: 1361: 1154: 1049: 1004: 992: 971: 862: 839: 817: 750: 718: 520: 465: 443: 9220:Paleobiology Database 6186:Purplish-backed jay ( 5931:Azure-winged magpie ( 5491:Eastern jungle crow ( 5446:Slender-billed crow ( 5350:New Caledonian crow ( 5244:Black-rumped magpie ( 5190:Black-billed magpie ( 4983:Xinjiang ground jay ( 4899:White-winged magpie ( 4812:Common green magpie ( 4693:Black-faced treepie ( 4054:de Vries, Ad (1976). 3732:The Epic of Gilgamesh 3682:. Oxford. p. 89. 3644:de Vries, Ad (1976). 3462:Corvus brachyrhynchos 2991:Asahi Shimbun Digital 2613:Bait-Fishing in Crows 1860:Nature Communications 1472: 1398: 1383: 1367: 1352: 1143: 1031: 1002: 990: 960: 857: 837: 815: 776:Corvus brachyrhynchos 758:Corvus brachyrhynchos 749: 702: 612:meaning "raven". The 527:are believed to have 511: 502:Further information: 449: 434: 158:Corvus brachyrhynchos 36:Crow (disambiguation) 9106:Fauna Europaea (new) 6971:The Birds of America 6757:Ode to a Nightingale 6417:White-collared jay ( 6399:Black-throated jay ( 6372:White-throated jay ( 6354:Black-collared jay ( 5799:Thick-billed raven ( 5772:White-necked raven ( 5624:Brown-necked raven ( 5500:Indian jungle crow ( 5151:Kashmir nutcracker ( 5142:Clark's nutcracker ( 5133:Spotted nutcracker ( 5010:Iranian ground jay ( 4863:Taiwan blue magpie ( 4839:Javan green magpie ( 4377:. Houghton Mifflin. 4289:Goodwin, D. (1983). 4232:Gill, B. J. (2003). 3799:The Atlantic Monthly 3771:Yang, Lihui (2008). 2259:birdy (6 May 2022). 1778:wish-fulfilling tree 1627:, "eight-hand-crow") 1600:In Islam, the Surat 1199:improve this article 1147:Corvus brachyrhychos 1106:improve this section 1011:Lifespan and disease 900:University of Oxford 885:episodic-like memory 559:, and the island of 455:Corvus macrorhynchos 30:For other uses, see 7008:Roger Tory Peterson 6267:Bushy-crested jay ( 6213:Plush-crested jay ( 6177:Black-chested jay ( 6065:Transvolcanic jay ( 6056:Florida scrub jay ( 5706:White-necked crow ( 5570:Mesopotamian crow ( 5482:Large-billed crow ( 5395:White-billed crow ( 5332:Bougainville crow ( 5323:Brown-headed crow ( 4596:Red-billed chough ( 4458:"A Murder of Crows" 4254:2003JSPal...1...43G 3841:"It's a crow's day" 3550:Goodwin D. (1983). 2925:1991BEcoS..28...13H 2882:1988BEcoS..23..141H 2742:See also the video 2631:on 19 December 2013 2416:Yellowstone Forever 2319:(1435): 2261–2267. 2307:Berger, J. (1999). 2083:on 12 December 2004 2044:"A Murder of Crows" 2024:on 15 February 2006 2018:National Geographic 1872:2022NatCo..13.2086G 1766:, a chapter of the 1659:, bringing the god 1339:Cultural depictions 1329:brown-necked ravens 1152:Museum of Osteology 1024:Conservation status 892:New Caledonian crow 7788:Machaerirhynchidae 7023:Archibald Thorburn 6966:John James Audubon 6363:Azure-hooded jay ( 6285:White-tailed jay ( 6222:Curl-crested jay ( 6038:Island scrub jay ( 5679:Chihuahuan raven ( 5615:Fan-tailed raven ( 5386:Long-billed crow ( 5305:Australian raven ( 4711:Sumatran treepie ( 4464:documentary (2010) 4291:Crows of the World 3905:"Crows and ravens" 3698:"Scylla and Nisus" 3577:"The Crow Paradox" 3552:Crows of the World 3243:on 15 October 2018 2933:10.1007/BF00172134 2890:10.1007/BF00300349 2844:The New York Times 2288:. 28 February 2019 2240:on 3 February 2023 1924:; Donsker, David; 1716:In popular culture 1610:Japanese mythology 1483: 1401: 1393: 1373: 1362: 1155: 1050: 1042:Corvus hawaiiensis 1005: 993: 972: 863: 840: 818: 751: 719: 660:, and at least 14 521: 474:thick-billed raven 466: 444: 9274: 9273: 9207:Open Tree of Life 8968:Taxon identifiers 8959: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8925: 8924: 8852: 8851: 8633: 8632: 8127: 8126: 8109: 8108: 7782: 7781: 7641: 7640: 7623: 7622: 7099: 7098: 7034:Conservationists 7003:Richard Lewington 6793:The Ugly Duckling 6610:Cormorant fishing 6537:Bird conservation 6463: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6258:Azure-naped jay ( 6240:White-naped jay ( 5999: 5998: 5943: 5942: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5820: 5819: 5715:Cuban palm crow ( 5708:C. leucognaphalus 5688:Tamaulipas crow ( 5672:C. brachyrhynchos 5256: 5255: 5217:Oriental magpie ( 5208:Eurasian magpie ( 5163: 5162: 5087: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5044: 5043: 4946:Lanceolated jay ( 4911: 4910: 4874:U. erythrorhyncha 4785: 4784: 4675:Bornean treepie ( 4666:Andaman treepie ( 4608: 4607: 4422:978-0-253-34034-4 4403:978-0-937992-00-5 4396:. Ashford Press. 4384:978-0-395-67171-9 4365:978-0-89096-466-8 4342:978-0-06-093063-9 4319:978-0-679-73236-5 4312:. Vintage Press. 4300:978-0-7022-1015-0 4203:978-0-7614-7266-7 4118:978-1-57607-129-8 4071:978-0-7204-8021-4 4000:978-0-8248-2957-5 3973:978-0-313-26431-3 3924:978-0-19-515669-0 3889:978-0-520-06339-6 3784:978-0-19-533263-6 3742:978-0-8047-1711-3 3715:978-0-14-001026-8 3661:978-0-7204-8021-4 3561:978-0-7022-1015-0 3537:10.1071/EA9670329 3179:, 19(4), 829-839. 3121:. crowbusters.com 3041:qe2a-proxy.mun.ca 2824:978-0-306-47727-0 2748:The Life of Birds 2746:, from the BBC's 2573:978-0-9843446-3-5 2546:978-0-19-975387-1 2502:10.1111/eth.12986 2141:978-0-304-52257-6 2119:on 19 March 2015. 1972:978-1-4081-2501-4 1926:Rasmussen, Pamela 1817:Corvus (heraldry) 1763:Story of Bhusunda 1653:Huginn and Muninn 1638:three-legged crow 1614:three-legged crow 1542:Chinese mythology 1526:Epic of Gilgamesh 1322:Human interaction 1275: 1274: 1267: 1249: 1138: 1137: 1130: 890:One species, the 835: 769: 722:Communal roosting 674:riparian habitats 515:Corvus frugilegus 492:Sexual dimorphism 335: 334: 266: 138: 16:(Redirected from 9319: 9267: 9266: 9254: 9253: 9241: 9240: 9228: 9227: 9215: 9214: 9202: 9201: 9192: 9191: 9179: 9178: 9176:NHMSYS0000530312 9166: 9165: 9153: 9152: 9140: 9139: 9127: 9126: 9114: 9113: 9101: 9100: 9088: 9087: 9075: 9074: 9062: 9061: 9049: 9048: 9036: 9035: 9023: 9022: 9010: 9009: 9008: 8995: 8994: 8993: 8963: 8962: 8950: 8944: 8939: 8933: 8796: 8795: 8500: 8499: 8345: 8300: 8290: 8280: 8270: 8146: 8145: 8133: 8132: 8122: 8117: 7797:Machaerirhynchus 7736: 7689: 7688: 7660: 7659: 7647: 7646: 7636: 7631: 7469: 7438: 7315:Eulacestomatidae 7194: 7193: 7181: 7180: 7126: 7119: 7112: 7103: 7102: 6639: 6490: 6483: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6441:G. cyanocephalus 6303:Violaceous jay ( 6269:C. melanocyaneus 6104: 6074:Unicolored jay ( 6022: 6011: 6010: 5955: 5954: 5922:Iberian magpie ( 5908: 5907: 5899: 5898: 5892: 5882: 5881: 5831: 5830: 5801:C. crassirostris 5768: 5764:Tropical African 5666: 5662:Central American 5641: 5566: 5484:C. macrorhynchos 5442: 5412: 5359:Torresian crow ( 5325:C. fuscicapillus 5292: 5268: 5267: 5226:Maghreb magpie ( 5176: 5175: 5153:N. multipunctata 5135:N. caryocatactes 5119: 5118: 5110: 5109: 5103: 5093: 5092: 5055: 5054: 4976: 4923: 4922: 4798: 4797: 4720:Rufous treepie ( 4633:Hooded treepie ( 4619: 4618: 4573: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4552: 4551: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4469: 4468: 4426: 4407: 4388: 4369: 4357: 4346: 4334: 4323: 4310:Ravens in Winter 4304: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4276:on 12 April 2016 4272:. Archived from 4228: 4207: 4175: 4174: 4168: 4160: 4144: 4138: 4131:Cole, Juan R.I. 4129: 4123: 4122: 4105:"Coronis/Corvus" 4100: 4094: 4093: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4021:on 18 April 2014 4011: 4005: 4004: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3853:on 10 June 2012. 3836: 3830: 3829: 3820:(1–3): 212–229. 3809: 3803: 3802: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3768: 3762: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3616:. 10 March 2015. 3606: 3600: 3599: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3438: 3431: 3427:"American crows" 3422: 3416: 3415: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3309: 3301: 3291: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3225:on 11 June 2010. 3215: 3209: 3199: 3193: 3186: 3180: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3092: 3082: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2756: 2750: 2740: 2734: 2732: 2726: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2685: 2675: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2621: 2615: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2513: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2449:(6): 1117–1126. 2443:Animal Behaviour 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2408: 2399: 2398: 2367:Animal Behaviour 2358: 2347: 2346: 2336: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2236:. Archived from 2230: 2224: 2223: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2090: 2088: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2020:. Archived from 2009: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1901: 1883: 1851: 1687:Cornish folklore 1679:Brân the Blessed 1634:Korean mythology 1628: 1626: 1625: 1385:Crow on a Branch 1354:Crow on a Branch 1270: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1250: 1248: 1207: 1183: 1175: 1150:) on display at 1133: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1113: 1089: 1088: 1081: 963:Corvus splendens 836: 771: 770: 748: 708:Corvus splendens 642:Coloeus monedula 628:), hooded crow ( 600:10th edition of 419:animals with an 330: 326: 258: 174: 173: 148: 134:origin based on 129: 128: 58: 51:Temporal range: 43: 42: 21: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9316: 9277: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9262: 9257: 9249: 9244: 9236: 9231: 9223: 9218: 9210: 9205: 9197: 9195: 9187: 9182: 9174: 9169: 9161: 9156: 9148: 9143: 9135: 9130: 9122: 9117: 9109: 9104: 9096: 9091: 9083: 9078: 9070: 9065: 9057: 9052: 9044: 9039: 9031: 9026: 9018: 9013: 9004: 9003: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8983: 8970: 8960: 8951: 8921: 8848: 8828: 8785: 8765: 8629: 8595: 8489: 8462: 8435: 8415: 8395: 8171: 8140: 8123: 8105: 7945: 7925: 7891: 7871: 7802: 7778: 7758: 7707: 7678: 7654: 7637: 7619: 7599: 7579: 7552: 7525: 7483:Pachycephalidae 7477: 7423: 7389: 7369: 7349: 7329: 7309: 7288:Cinclosomatidae 7282: 7188: 7175: 7137: 7130: 7100: 7095: 7069: 6951: 6913: 6683: 6640: 6631: 6503: 6494: 6464: 6447: 6425: 6408:Turquoise jay ( 6390:Beautiful jay ( 6329: 6296:C. sanblasianus 6224:C. cristatellus 6161: 6153:Steller's jay ( 6128: 6102: 6101: 6091: 6058:A. coerulescens 6020: 6019: 5995: 5989:P. internigrans 5939: 5903: 5893: 5890: 5864: 5855:Western jackdaw 5845:Daurian jackdaw 5816: 5761: 5751:Sinaloan crow ( 5697:Jamaican crow ( 5681:C. cryptoleucus 5670:American crow ( 5655: 5634: 5555: 5518:Collared crow ( 5493:C. levaillantii 5435: 5416:Hawaiian crow ( 5405: 5352:C. moneduloides 5314:Bismarck crow ( 5281: 5252: 5169: 5159: 5104: 5101: 5075: 5050: 5040: 5018: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4907: 4883:U. flavirostris 4847: 4791: 4781: 4759: 4728: 4650: 4604: 4587:Alpine chough ( 4560: 4546: 4502: 4496: 4434: 4429: 4423: 4404: 4385: 4366: 4343: 4320: 4301: 4279: 4277: 4225: 4204: 4183: 4181:Further reading 4178: 4162: 4161: 4145: 4141: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4101: 4097: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4072: 4052: 4048: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4013: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3958: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3862: 3858: 3837: 3833: 3810: 3806: 3801:. Vol. 34. 3797: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3769: 3765: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3691: 3687: 3676: 3669: 3662: 3642: 3638: 3625: 3621: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3592: 3588: 3581:Morning Edition 3573: 3569: 3562: 3548: 3544: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3439:on 11 June 2012 3436: 3429: 3425:Johnson, R. J. 3423: 3419: 3404:10.2307/3801687 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3371:on 11 June 2009 3363: 3362: 3358: 3343:10.2307/3802688 3323: 3319: 3303: 3302: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3206:Washington Post 3200: 3196: 3187: 3183: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3119:Wayback Machine 3110: 3106: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3010: 3009: 3005: 2995: 2993: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2952: 2948: 2909: 2905: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2792:. Ozanimals.com 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2757: 2753: 2741: 2737: 2720: 2719: 2712: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2648: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2607: 2597: 2595: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2558: 2554: 2547: 2531: 2527: 2482: 2478: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2418:. 10 March 2020 2410: 2409: 2402: 2359: 2350: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2257: 2253: 2243: 2241: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2204: 2200: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2128: 2124: 2104: 2100: 2086: 2084: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2053: 2051: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2025: 2010: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1973: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1937: 1919: 1915: 1852: 1845: 1841: 1813: 1791: 1774:Hindu cosmology 1747:Greek mythology 1723: 1718: 1683:Tower of London 1675:Welsh mythology 1649:Norse mythology 1620: 1591:Irish mythology 1475:The Twa Corbies 1414:The Roman poet 1378: 1358:Kawanabe Kyosai 1347: 1341: 1324: 1299: 1290: 1281: 1271: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1208: 1206: 1196: 1184: 1173: 1164: 1134: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1103: 1090: 1086: 1079: 1070: 1026: 1018:West Nile virus 1013: 985: 955: 868: 858:Indian crow in 831: 810: 797: 796: 788: 786: 785: 784: 783: 772: 765: 762: 752: 746: 741: 733: 724: 697: 692: 682: 652:). At least 42 646:Eurasian magpie 638:western jackdaw 602:Systema Naturae 506: 500: 429: 406:collective name 328: 324: 289: 283: 257: 168: 139: 136:molecular clock 127: 126: 125: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 53: 52: 49: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9325: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9255: 9242: 9229: 9216: 9203: 9193: 9180: 9167: 9154: 9141: 9128: 9115: 9102: 9093:Fauna Europaea 9089: 9076: 9063: 9050: 9037: 9024: 9011: 8996: 8980: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8957: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8919: 8912: 8905: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8877: 8870: 8862: 8860: 8854: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8838: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8809:Chaetorhynchus 8804: 8802: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8783: 8775: 8773: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8714: 8707: 8700: 8693: 8686: 8679: 8672: 8665: 8658: 8651: 8643: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8627: 8620: 8613: 8605: 8603: 8601:Terpsiphoninae 8597: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8586: 8579: 8572: 8565: 8558: 8551: 8544: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8508: 8506: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8480: 8472: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8460: 8453: 8445: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8425: 8423: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8405: 8403: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8393: 8390:Zavattariornis 8386: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8341: 8334: 8327: 8320: 8313: 8306: 8296: 8286: 8276: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8189: 8181: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8169: 8162: 8154: 8152: 8142: 8141: 8129: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8061: 8054: 8047: 8040: 8033: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7963: 7955: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7935: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7901: 7899: 7897:Platysteiridae 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7881: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7869: 7862: 7855: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7792: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7768: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7749: 7742: 7732: 7725: 7717: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7697: 7695: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7676: 7668: 7666: 7656: 7655: 7652:Malaconotoidea 7643: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7589: 7587: 7585:Malaconotoidea 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7570: 7562: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7543: 7535: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7487: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7465: 7458: 7451: 7444: 7433: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7414: 7407: 7399: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7379: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7359: 7357: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7347: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7319: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7300: 7292: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7273: 7266: 7259: 7252: 7245: 7242:Cyanograucalus 7238: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7210: 7202: 7200: 7190: 7189: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7106: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7049:Organisations 7047: 7046: 7045: 7040: 7032: 7031: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6921: 6919: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6876: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6857:Animated films 6854: 6847: 6840: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6795: 6790: 6783: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6730:Gallic rooster 6727: 6722: 6717: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6703:Feather tights 6700: 6691: 6689: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6575:Model organism 6569: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6493: 6492: 6485: 6478: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6419:C. viridicyana 6414: 6405: 6396: 6387: 6378: 6369: 6360: 6351: 6347:C. argentigula 6341: 6339: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6323:C. yucatanicus 6318: 6309: 6300: 6294:San Blas jay ( 6291: 6282: 6273: 6264: 6255: 6246: 6237: 6231:Purplish jay ( 6228: 6219: 6210: 6201: 6192: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6117: 6107: 6105: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6080: 6071: 6067:A. ultramarina 6062: 6053: 6049:A. woodhouseii 6044: 6035: 6031:A. californica 6025: 6023: 6008: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5984: 5978:Siberian jay ( 5975: 5965: 5963: 5952: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5905: 5895: 5894: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5852: 5841: 5839: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5787: 5778: 5769: 5758: 5757: 5748: 5739: 5730: 5721: 5712: 5703: 5699:C. jamaicensis 5694: 5685: 5676: 5667: 5652: 5651: 5645:Common raven ( 5642: 5631: 5630: 5621: 5612: 5603: 5594: 5588:Carrion crow ( 5585: 5576: 5567: 5552: 5551: 5542: 5536:Banggai crow ( 5533: 5524: 5515: 5506: 5497: 5488: 5479: 5470: 5464:Palawan crow ( 5461: 5452: 5443: 5438:Tropical Asian 5432: 5431: 5425:Mariana crow ( 5422: 5418:C. hawaiiensis 5413: 5408:Pacific island 5402: 5401: 5392: 5383: 5374: 5368:Forest raven ( 5365: 5356: 5347: 5341:Little raven ( 5338: 5329: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5278: 5276: 5265: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5246:P. bottanensis 5241: 5232: 5228:P. mauritanica 5223: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5173: 5165: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5148: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5116: 5106: 5105: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5069:Z. stresemanni 5063: 5061: 5059:Zavattariornis 5052: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4952: 4948:G. lanceolatus 4943: 4937:Eurasian jay ( 4933: 4931: 4920: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4896: 4887: 4878: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4836: 4827: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4795: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4748: 4744:P. leucopterus 4738: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4717: 4713:D. occipitalis 4708: 4704:D. leucogastra 4699: 4690: 4684:Grey treepie ( 4681: 4677:D. cinerascens 4672: 4662: 4660: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4598:P. pyrrhocorax 4593: 4583: 4581: 4570: 4562: 4561: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4495: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4455: 4449: 4444: 4433: 4432:External links 4430: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4408: 4402: 4389: 4383: 4370: 4364: 4347: 4341: 4324: 4318: 4305: 4299: 4286: 4229: 4223: 4208: 4202: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4139: 4124: 4117: 4095: 4090:Aesop's Fables 4077: 4070: 4046: 4032: 4006: 3999: 3979: 3972: 3952: 3930: 3923: 3895: 3888: 3874:(1 ed.). 3856: 3831: 3804: 3790: 3783: 3763: 3748: 3741: 3721: 3714: 3685: 3667: 3660: 3636: 3619: 3601: 3586: 3567: 3560: 3542: 3515: 3502:"Crow hunting" 3493: 3450: 3417: 3398:(3): 643–645. 3382: 3356: 3317: 3274:(6): 685–695. 3254: 3228: 3210: 3194: 3188:McGowan, K.J. 3181: 3168: 3159: 3147: 3135: 3123: 3104: 3053: 3028: 3003: 2977: 2946: 2903: 2876:(3): 141–156. 2856: 2830: 2823: 2803: 2777: 2751: 2735: 2697: 2642: 2616: 2605: 2579: 2572: 2563:Numbers Are Us 2552: 2545: 2525: 2496:(4): 413–422. 2476: 2429: 2400: 2373:(2): 283–290. 2348: 2299: 2277: 2251: 2225: 2214:(3): 613–634. 2198: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2147: 2140: 2122: 2098: 2064: 2035: 2004: 1993:on 2 June 2012 1978: 1971: 1947: 1913: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1819: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1758: 1733: 1729:Aesop's Fables 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1480:Arthur Rackham 1460: 1459: 1448: 1445: 1428:noted how the 1423: 1412: 1377: 1374: 1340: 1337: 1323: 1320: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1273: 1272: 1187: 1185: 1178: 1172: 1169: 1163: 1160: 1136: 1135: 1100:of the subject 1098:worldwide view 1093: 1091: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1066: 1025: 1022: 1012: 1009: 984: 981: 968:slaughterhouse 954: 951: 867: 864: 809: 806: 787: 773: 763: 755: 754: 753: 744: 743: 742: 740: 737: 732: 729: 723: 720: 696: 693: 684:Main article: 681: 678: 569:Southeast Asia 499: 496: 428: 425: 333: 332: 317: 316: 310: 309: 296: 295: 291: 290: 284: 275: 274: 268: 267: 250: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 180: 176: 175: 162: 161: 150: 149: 141: 140: 122: 121: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 50: 26: 18:Corvus (genus) 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9324: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9292:Talking birds 9290: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9265: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9194: 9190: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9016: 9012: 9007: 9001: 8997: 8992: 8986: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8964: 8949: 8945: 8943: 8938: 8932: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8911: 8910: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8899: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8885: 8883: 8882: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8871: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8855: 8845: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8825: 8824: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8816:Eutrichomyias 8813: 8811: 8810: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8771:Platylophidae 8768: 8762: 8761: 8757: 8755: 8754: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8736: 8734: 8733: 8729: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8720: 8719: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8708: 8706: 8705: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8694: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8685: 8684: 8680: 8678: 8677: 8673: 8671: 8670: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8652: 8650: 8649: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8639:Paradisaeidae 8636: 8626: 8625: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8590:Symposiachrus 8587: 8585: 8584: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8559: 8557: 8556: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8534:Clytorhynchus 8531: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8468:Melampittidae 8465: 8459: 8458: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8373: 8371: 8370: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8359: 8357: 8356: 8352: 8350: 8349: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8326: 8325: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8297: 8295: 8294: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8267: 8265: 8264: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8253: 8251: 8250: 8246: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8216: 8215: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8134: 8130: 8121: 8116: 8102: 8101: 8100:Xenopirostris 8097: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8006: 8004: 8003: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7985: 7983: 7982: 7978: 7976: 7975: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7861: 7860: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7849: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7819: 7818: 7817:Chlorophoneus 7814: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7808:Malaconotidae 7805: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7785: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7648: 7644: 7635: 7630: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7593: 7592: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7531:Paramythiidae 7528: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7494: 7493: 7492:Colluricincla 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7384:Daphoenositta 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7335:Falcunculidae 7332: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7216: 7215: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7198:Campephagidae 7195: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7160: 7159:Passeriformes 7156: 7154: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7140: 7135: 7127: 7122: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7092: 7091:Zoomusicology 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6978:Thomas Bewick 6976: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6962:Illustrators 6961: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6916: 6908: 6907:Chicken dance 6905: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6892:Feather cloak 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6862:Chicken films 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6620:Plume hunting 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6560:Pigeon racing 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6491: 6486: 6484: 6479: 6477: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6444: 6442: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6420: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6321:Yucatan jay ( 6319: 6317: 6315: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6287:C. mystacalis 6283: 6281: 6279: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6242:C. cyanopogon 6238: 6236: 6234: 6233:C. cyanomelas 6229: 6227: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6204:Cayenne jay ( 6202: 6200: 6198: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6103:(Magpie-Jays) 6100: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6085:A. wollweberi 6083:Mexican jay ( 6081: 6079: 6077: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6002: 5992: 5990: 5987:Sichuan jay ( 5985: 5983: 5981: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5971:P. canadensis 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5946: 5936: 5934: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5808:Somali crow ( 5806: 5804: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5774:C. albicollis 5770: 5767: 5765: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5735:C. ossifragus 5731: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5626:C. ruficollis 5622: 5620: 5618: 5617:C. rhipidurus 5613: 5611: 5609: 5608:C. orientalis 5604: 5602: 5600: 5599:C. frugilegus 5595: 5593: 5591: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5579:Hooded crow ( 5577: 5575: 5573: 5572:C. capellanus 5568: 5565: 5563: 5562:North African 5559: 5554: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545:Violet crow ( 5543: 5541: 5539: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5527:Piping crow ( 5525: 5523: 5521: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5502:C. culminatus 5498: 5496: 5494: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5473:Flores crow ( 5471: 5469: 5467: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5457:C. samarensis 5453: 5451: 5449: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5370:C. tasmanicus 5366: 5364: 5362: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5307:C. coronoides 5303: 5301: 5299: 5296:Little crow ( 5294: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5235:Asir magpie ( 5233: 5231: 5229: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5144:N. columbiana 5140: 5138: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5094: 5090: 5072: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5047: 5037: 5035: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4994:P. hendersoni 4990: 4988: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4975:(Ground jays) 4972: 4971: 4966: 4960: 4958: 4955:Lidth's jay ( 4953: 4951: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4939:G. glandarius 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4901:U. whiteheadi 4897: 4895: 4893: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4844: 4842: 4841:C. thalassina 4837: 4835: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4542:Passeriformes 4539: 4537: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4481: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4463: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4424: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4356: 4355: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4230: 4226: 4224:9780713413274 4220: 4216: 4215: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4172: 4166: 4159:(2): 111–126. 4158: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4135: 4128: 4120: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4050: 4042: 4036: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3956: 3940: 3934: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3800: 3794: 3786: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3767: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3725: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3681: 3674: 3672: 3663: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3640: 3632: 3631: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3597: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3553: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3503: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3463: 3454: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3386: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3313: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3208:(7 July 2006) 3207: 3203: 3198: 3191: 3185: 3178: 3172: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3017: 3013: 3007: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2965: 2961: 2960:British Birds 2957: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2860: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2807: 2791: 2789: 2781: 2766: 2762: 2755: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2730: 2724: 2708: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2646: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2609: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2575: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2560:Park, Keeok. 2556: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2303: 2287: 2281: 2266: 2262: 2255: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2151: 2143: 2137: 2133: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2102: 2095: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2061: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2008: 1992: 1988: 1982: 1974: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1951: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1769:Yoga Vasistha 1765: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1742:Metamorphoses 1738: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1724: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1664: 1663:information. 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1629:is depicted. 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1521:Chaldean myth 1517: 1515: 1511: 1508:, especially 1507: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1397: 1390: 1389:Maruyama Ōkyo 1386: 1382: 1371: 1366: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1319: 1316: 1315:Curonian Spit 1312: 1311:K. Donelaitis 1308: 1304: 1294: 1288:Other methods 1285: 1280: 1279:Bird trapping 1269: 1266: 1258: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1216: – 1215: 1211: 1210:Find sources: 1204: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1188:This article 1186: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1168: 1162:Scare tactics 1159: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1142: 1132: 1129: 1121: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1099: 1092: 1083: 1082: 1074: 1065: 1063: 1062:least concern 1059: 1055: 1054:Hawaiian crow 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034:Hawaiian crow 1030: 1021: 1019: 1008: 1001: 997: 989: 980: 978: 970:refuse to eat 969: 965: 964: 959: 950: 946: 944: 940: 936: 931: 929: 923: 921: 917: 912: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 861: 856: 852: 850: 846: 829: 827: 823: 814: 805: 802: 795: 793: 781: 780:American crow 777: 761: 759: 736: 728: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 691: 689: 677: 675: 670: 669:fossil record 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 634:C. frugilegus 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 608: 604: 603: 597: 596:Carl Linnaeus 592: 589: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 537:North America 534: 530: 526: 518: 516: 510: 505: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 479: 475: 471: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 441: 440:Corvus cornix 437: 433: 424: 422: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 394:South America 391: 386: 385:for "raven". 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 349: 345: 341: 340: 331: 322: 318: 315: 311: 308: 307: 305: 297: 292: 287: 282: 281: 276: 273: 269: 265: 261: 256: 255: 251: 248: 247: 244: 241: 238: 237: 234: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223:Passeriformes 221: 218: 217: 214: 211: 208: 207: 204: 201: 198: 197: 194: 191: 188: 187: 184: 181: 178: 177: 172: 167: 163: 159: 155: 154:American crow 151: 147: 142: 137: 133: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 57: 48: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8975: 8934: 8914: 8907: 8900: 8893: 8886: 8879: 8872: 8865: 8841: 8834:Rhipidurinae 8821: 8814: 8807: 8800:Lamproliinae 8791:Rhipiduridae 8778: 8758: 8751: 8744: 8739:Pteridophora 8737: 8730: 8723: 8718:Paradisornis 8716: 8709: 8702: 8695: 8688: 8681: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8646: 8624:Trochocercus 8622: 8615: 8608: 8588: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8482: 8477:Megalampitta 8475: 8455: 8450:Eurocephalus 8448: 8428: 8408: 8388: 8381: 8374: 8367: 8360: 8353: 8346: 8336: 8329: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8291: 8281: 8271: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8198: 8191: 8184: 8164: 8157: 8150:Corcoracidae 8098: 8091: 8084: 8079:Tephrodornis 8077: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7938: 7931:Rhagologidae 7918: 7911: 7904: 7884: 7877:Pityriasidae 7864: 7857: 7852:Rhodophoneus 7850: 7843: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7815: 7795: 7771: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7727: 7720: 7700: 7671: 7664:Aegithinidae 7572: 7565: 7545: 7538: 7520:Pseudorectes 7518: 7513:Pachycephala 7511: 7506:Melanorectes 7504: 7497: 7490: 7470: 7462:Sphecotheres 7460: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7382: 7362: 7342: 7322: 7302: 7295: 7277:Pericrocotus 7275: 7268: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7169:Infraorder: 7038:Niels Krabbe 6988:Lars Jonsson 6969: 6925:Golden eagle 6867:Horror films 6851:The Big Year 6849: 6842: 6835: 6825:The Firebird 6823: 6816: 6809: 6797: 6785: 6778: 6766: 6762:To a Skylark 6749: 6550:Cockfighting 6520:Birdwatching 6440: 6439:Pinyon jay ( 6430: 6418: 6409: 6400: 6391: 6382: 6374:C. mirabilis 6373: 6365:C. cucullata 6364: 6356:C. armillata 6355: 6346: 6334: 6322: 6313: 6305:C. violaceus 6304: 6295: 6286: 6277: 6268: 6260:C. heilprini 6259: 6250: 6249:Tufted jay ( 6241: 6232: 6223: 6214: 6205: 6197:C. caeruleus 6196: 6187: 6178: 6166: 6154: 6145: 6133: 6121: 6112: 6096: 6084: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6048: 6040:A. insularis 6039: 6030: 6021:(Scrub jays) 6014: 5988: 5980:P. infaustus 5979: 5970: 5969:Canada jay ( 5958: 5932: 5923: 5911: 5902:Azure-winged 5858: 5849:C. dauuricus 5848: 5834: 5809: 5800: 5791: 5782: 5773: 5763: 5762: 5752: 5743: 5734: 5725: 5724:Cuban crow ( 5716: 5707: 5698: 5690:C. imparatus 5689: 5680: 5671: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5646: 5636: 5635: 5625: 5616: 5607: 5598: 5589: 5580: 5571: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5547:C. violaceus 5546: 5537: 5528: 5520:C. torquatus 5519: 5511:C. splendens 5510: 5509:House crow ( 5501: 5492: 5483: 5475:C. florensis 5474: 5465: 5456: 5455:Small crow ( 5447: 5437: 5436: 5426: 5417: 5407: 5406: 5397:C. woodfordi 5396: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5351: 5342: 5333: 5324: 5316:C. insularis 5315: 5306: 5297: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5272: 5271: 5245: 5237:P. asirensis 5236: 5227: 5218: 5209: 5200: 5191: 5179: 5152: 5143: 5134: 5122: 5068: 5058: 5049:Stresemann's 5033: 5023: 5011: 5002: 4993: 4985:P. biddulphi 4984: 4968: 4956: 4947: 4938: 4926: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4864: 4852: 4840: 4831: 4823:C. hypoleuca 4822: 4814:C. chinensis 4813: 4801: 4774: 4764: 4753:P. aterrimus 4752: 4743: 4733: 4722:D. vagabunda 4721: 4712: 4703: 4695:D. frontalis 4694: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4635:C. cucullata 4634: 4622: 4597: 4588: 4576: 4534:Superorder: 4412: 4393: 4374: 4353: 4330: 4309: 4290: 4278:. Retrieved 4274:the original 4248:(1): 43–58. 4245: 4241: 4235: 4217:. Batsford. 4213: 4193: 4165:cite journal 4156: 4152: 4142: 4132: 4127: 4108: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4056: 4049: 4035: 4023:. Retrieved 4019:the original 4009: 3989: 3982: 3962: 3955: 3943:. Retrieved 3933: 3909: 3898: 3870: 3859: 3851:the original 3844: 3834: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3798: 3793: 3773: 3766: 3756: 3751: 3731: 3724: 3701: 3688: 3679: 3646: 3639: 3629: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3589: 3580: 3570: 3551: 3545: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3506:. Retrieved 3496: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3453: 3441:. Retrieved 3434:the original 3420: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3373:. Retrieved 3369:the original 3359: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3306:cite journal 3271: 3267: 3257: 3245:. Retrieved 3241:the original 3231: 3223:the original 3213: 3205: 3197: 3184: 3176: 3171: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3107: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3044:. Retrieved 3040: 3031: 3019:. Retrieved 3016:www.reed.edu 3015: 3006: 2994:. Retrieved 2990: 2980: 2968:. Retrieved 2963: 2959: 2949: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2873: 2869: 2866:Corvus corax 2865: 2859: 2847:. Retrieved 2843: 2833: 2813: 2806: 2794:. Retrieved 2788:Bufo marinus 2787: 2786:"Cane Toad ( 2780: 2768:. Retrieved 2754: 2747: 2738: 2711:. Retrieved 2700: 2663: 2660:PLOS Biology 2659: 2653: 2645: 2633:. Retrieved 2629:the original 2619: 2608: 2596:. Retrieved 2592: 2582: 2562: 2555: 2535: 2528: 2493: 2489: 2479: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2420:. Retrieved 2415: 2370: 2366: 2316: 2312: 2302: 2290:. Retrieved 2280: 2268:. Retrieved 2264: 2254: 2242:. Retrieved 2238:the original 2228: 2211: 2207: 2201: 2193: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2160: 2150: 2131: 2125: 2117:the original 2111: 2107:Linnaeus, C. 2101: 2092: 2085:. Retrieved 2081:the original 2076: 2067: 2059: 2052:. Retrieved 2047: 2038: 2026:. Retrieved 2022:the original 2017: 2007: 1995:. Retrieved 1991:the original 1981: 1957: 1950: 1940:16 September 1938:. Retrieved 1933: 1916: 1863: 1859: 1767: 1761: 1740: 1727: 1710: 1703: 1672: 1665: 1646: 1641: 1640:is known as 1631: 1617: 1607: 1599: 1588: 1580:Pitru Paksha 1557: 1550: 1539: 1524: 1518: 1503: 1499:culture hero 1484: 1473: 1461: 1419: 1402: 1384: 1353: 1333: 1325: 1300: 1291: 1282: 1261: 1255:October 2020 1252: 1242: 1235: 1228: 1221: 1209: 1197:Please help 1192:verification 1189: 1165: 1156: 1146: 1124: 1115: 1095: 1071: 1058:Mariana crow 1051: 1044:) is nearly 1041: 1037: 1014: 1006: 994: 983:Reproduction 973: 961: 947: 935:Gumyoji Park 932: 928:displacement 924: 913: 889: 869: 866:Intelligence 841: 819: 798: 789: 775: 757: 734: 725: 707: 687: 666: 657: 649: 641: 633: 629: 625: 622:Corvus corax 621: 618:common raven 614:type species 609: 601: 598:in his 1758 593: 587: 585: 548: 533:Central Asia 524: 522: 514: 494:is limited. 490: 486: 482: 470:common raven 467: 454: 439: 410: 397: 387: 375:common raven 367:carrion crow 338: 337: 336: 303: 299: 280:Corvus corax 278: 272:Type species 253: 252: 157: 46: 40: 9302:Bird genera 9132:iNaturalist 9000:Wikispecies 8916:Vireolanius 8902:Tunchiornis 8888:Pachysylvia 8780:Platylophus 8732:Phonygammus 8704:Paradigalla 8669:Drepanornis 8662:Diphyllodes 8617:Terpsiphone 8520:Carterornis 8504:Monarchinae 8495:Monarchidae 8369:Pyrrhocorax 8362:Ptilostomus 8355:Psilorhinus 8331:Platysmurus 8263:Gymnorhinus 8249:Dendrocitta 8030:Mystacornis 8016:Leptopterus 7981:Cyanolanius 7974:Calicalicus 7920:Platysteira 7913:Lanioturdus 7838:Malaconotus 7764:Peltopsinae 7614:See below ↓ 7594:See below ↓ 7567:Androphobus 7558:Psophodidae 7375:Neosittidae 7344:Falcunculus 7324:Eulacestoma 7270:Malindangia 7214:Campochaera 7043:Peter Scott 7028:Joseph Wolf 7018:Joseph Smit 6998:Edward Lear 6935:Pigeon/Dove 6902:Cendrawasih 6887:Feather boa 6878:In fashion 6710:In heraldry 6688:In the arts 6625:Wildfowling 6606:In hunting 6595:Sacred ibis 6580:Ornithology 6571:In science 6565:Vinkensport 6431:Gymnorhinus 6381:Dwarf jay ( 6312:Green jay ( 6276:Brown jay ( 6215:C. chrysops 6195:Azure jay ( 6188:C. beecheii 6155:C. stelleri 6146:C. cristata 6076:A. unicolor 5891:(continued) 5859:C. monedula 5792:C. capensis 5790:Cape crow ( 5781:Pied crow ( 5753:C. sinaloae 5744:C. palmarum 5733:Fish crow ( 5538:C. unicolor 5466:C. pusillus 5377:Grey crow ( 5298:C. bennetti 5201:P. nuttalli 5192:P. hudsonia 5114:Nutcrackers 5102:(continued) 5024:Ptilostomus 4865:U. caerulea 4832:C. jefferyi 4775:T. temnurus 4734:Platysmurus 4686:D. formosae 4657:Dendrocitta 4589:P. graculus 4578:Pyrrhocorax 4025:19 December 3941:. 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