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The stem cells are placed into the area where the damaged cornea tissue has been removed. This is a good alternative for those that cannot gain vision through regular cornea transplants. A new development, announced by the
University of Cincinnati Medical School in May 2007, would use bone marrow stem cells to regrow the cornea and its cells. This technique, which proved successful in mouse trials, would be of use to those with inherited genetic degenerative conditions of the cornea, especially if other means like a transplant are not feasible. It works better than a transplant because these stem cells keep their ability to differentiate and replicate, and so keep the disease from recurring, longer and better.
1032:
meaning that corneal cells and nerves grew into the implant. To make the material, the researchers placed a human gene that regulates the natural production of collagen into specially programmed yeast cells. They then molded the resulting material into the shape of a cornea. This research shows the potential for these bioengineered corneas but the outcomes in this study were not nearly as good as those achieved with human donor corneas. This may become an excellent technique, but right now it is still in the prototype stage and not ready for clinical use. The results were published in the journal
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either self-sealing or may be closed with a few sutures. The small incision offers several benefits over traditional methods of corneal transplant such as penetrating keratoplasty. Because the procedure is less invasive, DSAEK leaves the eye much stronger and less prone to injury than full-thickness transplants. New medical devices such as the EndoSaver (patent pending) are designed to ease process of inserting endothelial tissue into the cornea. Additionally, DSAEK has a more rapid rate of visual recovery. Vision is typically restored in one to six months rather than one to two years.
484:
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better in 60% of cases within the first three months. Rejection rates are lower (1%) and visual recovery is faster than any other form of corneal transplantation. In the UK (2013) DMEK is available to patients under the
National Health Service at the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, the Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, and at Worthing Hospital (Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust).
607:-approved type of synthetic cornea measuring 7.0 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness. The main advantages of synthetic corneas are that they are biocompatible, and the network between the parts and the device prevents complications that could arise at their interface. The probability of retention in one large study was estimated at 62% at 2 years follow-up.
919:'s attempts at transplanting cornea started with the first try in 1912 and were continued, gradually improving until on 6 May 1931 he successfully grafted a patient using corneal tissue from a deceased person. He widely reported another transplant in 1936, disclosing his technique in full detail. In 1936, Castroviejo did a first transplantation in an advanced case of
351:
to prevent graft rejection is increasing but there is insufficient evidence to ascertain which immunosuppressant is better. In a
Cochrane review which included low to moderate quality evidence, adverse effects were found to be common with systemic mycophenolate mofetil, but less common with topical cyclosporine A or tacrolimus.
539:
year with full thickness transplants. However, an
Australian study has shown that despite its benefits, the loss of endothelial cells that maintain transparency is much higher in DSEK compared to a full-thickness corneal transplant. The reason may be greater tissue manipulation during surgery, the study concluded.
996:
Descemet
Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) is the most recent EK technique in which an isolated Descemet's membrane is transplanted. The DMEK procedure is a 'like for like' replacement of the diseased part of the cornea with visual rehabilitation to 20/40 or better in 90% of cases and 20/25 or
696:
The prognosis for visual restoration and maintenance of ocular health with corneal transplants is generally very good. Risks for failure or guarded prognoses are multifactorial. The type of transplant, the disease state requiring the procedure, the health of the other parts of the recipient eye and
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The surgery date and time will also be set, and the patient will be told where the surgery will take place. Within the United States, the supply of corneas is sufficient to meet the demand for surgery and research purposes. Therefore, unlike other tissues for transplantation, delays and shortages are
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Not all patients with diseased corneas are candidates for endothelial keratoplasty. These procedures correct corneal endothelial failure, but are not able to correct corneal scarring, thinning, or surface irregularity. There is currently limited data on long-term survival of DMEK grafts however the
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During surgery the patient's corneal endothelium is removed and replaced with donor tissue. With DSEK, the donor includes a thin layer of stroma, as well as endothelium, and is commonly 100–150 μm thick. With DMEK, only the endothelium is transplanted. In the immediate postoperative period the
538:
This relatively new procedure has revolutionized treatment of disorders of the innermost layer of the cornea (endothelium). Unlike a full-thickness corneal transplant, the surgery can be performed with one or no sutures. Patients may recover functional vision in days to weeks, as opposed to up to a
350:
The risks are similar to other intraocular procedures, but additionally include graft rejection (lifelong), detachment or displacement of lamellar transplants and primary graft failure. Use of immunosuppressants including cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, and leflunomide
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is removed and replaced by a healthy donor posterior transplant. The transplant tissue can be prepared by a surgeon's hand or ordered already prepared for surgery. Ocular
Systems was the first organization to deliver prepared grafts for surgery in 2005. DSEK/DSAEK uses only a small incision that is
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Infectious disease transmission through corneal transplantation is exceedingly rare. All corneal grafts are screened for the presence of viruses such as HIV or hepatitis through antibody or nucleic acid testing, and there has never been a reported case of HIV transmission through corneal transplant
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technique that uses stem cells to create corneas or part of corneas that can be transplanted into the eyes. Corneal stem cells are removed from a healthy cornea. They are collected and, through laboratory procedures, made into five to ten layers of cells that can be stitched into a patient's eye.
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Blades are being replaced by high speed lasers in order to make surgical incisions more precise. These improved incisions allow the cornea to heal more quickly and the sutures to be removed sooner. The cornea heals more strongly than with standard blade operations. Not only does this dramatically
510:
Lamellar keratoplasty encompasses several techniques which selectively replace diseased layers of the cornea while leaving healthy layers in place. The chief advantage is improved tectonic integrity of the eye. Disadvantages include the technically challenging nature of these procedures, which
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On 25 August 2010 investigators from Canada and Sweden reported results from the first 10 people in the world treated with the biosynthetic corneas. Two years after having the corneas implanted, six of the 10 patients had improved vision. Nine of the 10 experienced cell and nerve regeneration,
377:
There is a risk of cornea rejection, which occurs in about 10% of cases. Graft failure can occur at any time after the cornea has been transplanted, even years or decades later. The causes can vary, though it is usually due to new injury or illness. Treatment can be either medical or surgical,
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Complications include displacement of the donor tissue requiring repositioning ("refloating"). This is more common with DMEK than DSEK. Folds in the donor tissue may reduce the quality of vision, requiring repair. Rejection of the donor tissue may require repeating the procedure. Gradual
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In most instances, the person will meet with their ophthalmologist for an examination in the weeks or months preceding the surgery. During the exam, the ophthalmologist will examine the eye and diagnose the condition. The doctor will then discuss the condition with the patient, including the
594:
In cases where there have been several graft failures or the risk for keratoplasty is high, synthetic corneas can substitute successfully for donor corneas. Such a device contains a peripheral skirt and a transparent central region. These two parts are connected on a molecular level by an
863:
Corneal transplant is one of the most common transplant procedures. Although approximately 100,000 procedures are performed worldwide each year, some estimates report that 10,000,000 people are affected by various disorders that would benefit from corneal transplantation.
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A trephine (a circular cutting device), which removes a circular disc of cornea, is used by the surgeon to cut the donor cornea. A second trephine is then used to remove a similar-sized portion of the patient's cornea. The donor tissue is then sewn in place with sutures.
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are placed, the eye is patched, and the patient is taken to a recovery area while the effects of the anesthesia wear off. The patient typically goes home following this and sees the doctor the following day for the first postoperative appointment.
241:. Keratoplasty simply means surgery to the cornea. The graft is taken from a recently deceased individual with no known diseases or other factors that may affect the chance of survival of the donated tissue or the health of the recipient.
796:(PTK). With the precision of an excimer laser and a modulating agent coating the eye, irregularities on the surface can be removed. However, in most of the cases where corneal transplantation is recommended, PTK would not be effective.
394:. For example, on 20 May 1994, the United States banned corneal donation by any man who has had sex with another man in the preceding 5 years, even if all HIV testing is negative (a policy which continues to be enforced today).
2012:
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In a very rare and complex multi-step surgical procedure, employed to help the most disabled patients, a lamina of the person's tooth is grafted into the eye, with an artificial lens installed in the transplanted piece.
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Patients with endothelial transplants frequently achieve best corrected vision in the 20/30 to 20/40 range, although some reach 20/20. Optical irregularity at the graft/host interface may limit vision below 20/20.
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Armitage, W. John; Goodchild, Christine; Griffin, Matthew D.; Gunn, David J.; Hjortdal, Jesper; Lohan, Paul; Murphy, Conor C.; Pleyer, Uwe; Ritter, Thomas; Tole, Derek M.; Vabres, Bertrand (19 November 2019).
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is placed to keep the lids open, and some lubrication is placed on the eye to prevent drying. In children, a metal ring is stitched to the sclera which will provide support of the sclera during the procedure.
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different treatment options available. The doctor will also discuss the risks and benefits of the various options. If the patient elects to proceed with the surgery, the doctor will have the patient sign an
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Optical: To improve visual acuity by replacing the opaque or distorted host tissue by clear healthy donor tissue. The most common indication in this category is pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, followed by
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Holland, Gráinne; Pandit, Abhay; Sánchez-Abella, Laura; Haiek, Andrea; Loinaz, Iraida; Dupin, Damien; Gonzalez, Maria; Larra, Eva; Bidaguren, Aritz; Lagali, Neil; Moloney, Elizabeth B. (12 November 2021).
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The majority of corneal transplants result in significant improvement in visual function for many years or a lifetime. In cases of rejection or transplant failure, the surgery can generally be repeated.
976:, one of the leading corneal tissue banks in the world, introduced a process for the preparation of donated corneal tissue using a femtosecond laser. This process is known as custom corneal tissue.
951:. These are organizations located throughout the world to coordinate the distribution of donated corneas to surgeons, as well as providing eyes for research. Some eye banks also distribute other
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donor tissue is held in position with an air bubble placed inside the eye (the anterior chamber). The tissue self-adheres in a short period and the air is adsorbed into the surrounding tissues.
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Since 2004, Amnitrans
Eyebank in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, provides donor corneas pre-cut for advanced keratoplasty procedures, such as DSEK, DSAEK, FS-DSEK and DMEK. In 2007, Seattle-based
871:, over 2,300 corneal transplant procedures are performed each year in the United Kingdom. In the one-year period ending 31 March 2006, 2,503 people received corneal transplants in the UK.
2019:
929:, a clinical teacher for the Welsh National School of Medicine, conceived the idea of a donor system for corneal grafts and an eye bank was established in East Grinstead in 1955.
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early indications are very positive. An upcoming systematic review will seek to compare the safety and effectiveness of DMEK versus DSAEK in people with corneal failure from
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cells and the
Descemets membrane are left in place. This technique is used in cases of anterior corneal opacifications, scars, and ectatic diseases such as keratoconus.
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Endothelial keratoplasty replaces the patient's endothelium with a transplanted disc of posterior stroma/Descemets/endothelium (DSEK) or
Descemets/endothelium (DMEK).
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or an outpatient surgery center, where the procedure will be performed. The patient is given a brief physical examination by the surgical team and is taken to the
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Puente, M. A.; Patnaik, J. L.; Lynch, A. M.; Snyder, B. M.; Caplan, C. M.; Pham, B.; Neves Da Silva, H. V.; Chen, C.; Taravella, M. J.; Palestine, A. G. (2020).
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Reinprayoon, Usanee; Srihatrai, Parinya; Satitpitakul, Vannarut; Puangsricharern, Vilavun; Wungcharoen, Thitima; Kasetsuwan, Ngamjit (18 October 2021).
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1353:"Survival Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Corneal Transplantation: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital"
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2319:"Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty versus Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for corneal endothelial failure"
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makes an incision in the cornea of the eye, and inserts two crescent or semi-circular shaped ring segments between the layers of the corneal
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is the most widely used synthetic cornea to date with over 900 procedures performed worldwide in 2008. The Boston KPro was developed at the
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Cornea transplant approximately one week after surgery. Multiple light reflections indicate folds in the cornea, which were later resolved.
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Hicks CR, Crawford GJ, Dart JK, Grabner G, Holland EJ, Stulting RD, Tan DT, Bulsara M (October 2006). "AlphaCor: Clinical outcomes".
1669:"Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty outcomes compared with penetrating keratoplasty from the Cornea Donor Study"
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for people with keratoconus who cannot adequately correct their vision with glasses or contact lenses. They were approved under the
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1549:"Association of Federal Regulations in the United States and Canada with Potential Corneal Donation by Men Who Have Sex with Men"
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With anesthesia induced, the surgical team prepares the eye to be operated on and drapes the face around the eye. An eyelid
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Cosmetic: To improve the appearance of patients with corneal scars that have given a whitish or opaque hue to the cornea.
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911:), making it one of the first types of transplant surgery successfully performed. Another pioneer of the operation was
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Sykakis, E; Karim, R; Evans, JR; Bunce, C; Amissah-Arthur, KN; Patwary, S; McDonnell, PJ; Hamada, S (24 March 2015).
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reduction in endothelial cell density over time can lead to loss of clarity and require repeating the procedure.
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thick, and reduced optical performance of the donor/recipient interface compared to full-thickness keratoplasty.
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depending on the individual case. An early, technical cause of failure may be an excessively tight stitch
276:, who donated her eyes after dying at the age of 10. Corneal transplantation is performed when medicines,
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In this procedure, the anterior layers of the central cornea are removed and replaced with donor tissue.
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Tectonic/reconstructive: To preserve corneal anatomy and integrity in patients with stromal thinning and
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This surgical procedure usually treats corneal blindness, with success rates of at least 41% as of 2021.
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for Eye Bank
Association of America, estimated an average cost of $ 16,500 for each corneal transplant.
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Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) was introduced by Melles et al. in 1998. Today there are two forms of EK:
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improve visual recovery and healing, it also allows the possibility for improvement in visual outcomes.
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Zadnik K, Lindsley K (2014). "Intrastromal corneal ring segments for treating keratoconus (Protocol)".
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form. The doctor might also perform a physical examination and order lab tests, such as blood work,
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1412:"Immunosuppressants for the prophylaxis of corneal graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty"
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Descemet's Stripping (Automated) Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK/DSAEK) in which the diseased
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may be used to delay or eliminate the need for corneal transplantation in corneal disorders.
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Diseases that only affect the surface of the cornea can be treated with an operation called
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430:. In the operating room, the patient lies down on an operating table and is either given
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enabled surgeons to have a more magnified view of the surgical field, while advances in
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even the health of the donor tissue may all confer a more or less favorable prognosis.
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In corneal disorders where vision correction is not possible by using contact lenses,
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surgery. Prior to the development of reliable HIV testing, many countries instituted
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In Australia, approximately 2,000 grafts are performed each year. According to the
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Price MO, Gorovoy M, Benetz BA, Price FW, Menegay HJ, Debanne SM, Lass JH (2010).
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Abudou, Minawaer; Wu, Taixiang; Evans, Jennifer R; Chen, Xueyi (27 August 2015).
1296:"High-risk Corneal Transplantation: Recent Developments and Future Possibilities"
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Ang, Marcus; Wilkins, Mark R.; Mehta, Jodhbir S.; Tan, Donald (1 January 2016).
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Therapeutic: To remove inflamed corneal tissue unresponsive to treatment by
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Instrumental in the success of cornea transplants were the establishment of
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Wong, Kah Hie; Kam, Ka Wai; Chen, Li Jia; Young, Alvin L. (18 July 2017).
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Maghsoudlou, Panayiotis; Sood, Gitanjli; Akhondi, Hossein (31 July 2021),
836:, which means the manufacturer did not have to demonstrate effectiveness.
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358:. Since the cornea has no blood vessels (it takes its nutrients from the
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Surgical procedure of repairing corneal tissue to treat corneal blindness
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Castroviejo, R.: International Abstract of Surgery, 65:5, December 1937.
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1178:"Corneal blindness and current major treatment concern-graft scarcity"
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Cornea transplant after one year of healing, two stitches are visible
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Price, Marianne O.; Feng, Matthew T.; Price, Francis W. (May 2021).
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may be used to flatten the cornea, which is intended to relieve the
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is healing, it is possible that it might become infected by various
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233:(the graft). When the entire cornea is replaced it is known as
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may delay or eliminate the need for corneal transplantation in
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383:
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226:
1114:"The influence of Janis Babson can be felt by many physicians"
362:) it heals much more slowly than a cut on the skin. While the
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conservative surgery and cross-linking can no longer heal the
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268:, physicians who specialize in eyes, and is often done on an
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Cornea transplant Risks – Tests and Procedures – Mayo Clinic
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374:(using antibiotic eyedrops, even when no infection exists).
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basis. Donors can be of any age, as is shown in the case of
237:
and when only part of the cornea is replaced it is known as
3166:
2767:
828:. Intrastromal corneal rings were approved in 2004 by the
3172:
1894:"Corneal collagen cross-linking for treating keratoconus"
1236:"Artificial Cornea: Past, Current, and Future Directions"
923:, achieving significant improvement in patient's vision.
468:
1745:
1546:
1873:"INTACS Prescription Inserts for Keratoconus - H040002"
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327:, or to reconstruct the anatomy of the eye, e.g. after
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1480:"HIV transmission by organ and tissue transplantation"
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The first cornea transplant was performed in 1905 by
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successfully performed keratoplasty as early as 1936.
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2316:
2270:"Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust Website"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1409:
839:
586:Infirmary under the leadership of Claes Dohlman.
3895:
1793:"INTACS for keratoconus and ectasia after LASIK"
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2295:"Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust website"
2116:"Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Keratoconus"
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1932:
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1151:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
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3071:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
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511:replace portions of a structure only 500
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2421:
2362:"Cost-Benefit Analysis of Corneal Transplant"
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1871:Food and Drug Administration (26 July 2004).
2670:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
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1927:
1739:
1620:"Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty"
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1901:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
760:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
664:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
574:Boston Kpro type 1 titanium posterior plate
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3559:Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
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2400:Facts About the Cornea and Corneal Disease
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780:Learn how and when to remove this message
684:Learn how and when to remove this message
264:. The surgical procedure is performed by
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3765:Optical coherence tomography angiography
2317:Stuart AJ, Virgili G, Shortt AJ (2016).
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406:Cornea transplant one day after surgery.
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3564:Pre-Descemet's endothelial keratoplasty
1946:Department of Health and Human Services
1885:
1842:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1721:Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today
1477:
1416:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1026:
370:. This risk is minimized by antibiotic
14:
3896:
3448:Manual small incision cataract surgery
2310:
2185:"Endothelial Keratoplasty Update 2020"
2077:
2043:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1997:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1938:"Corneal transplantation and donation"
1182:International Journal of Ophthalmology
1041:
3695:Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus
3688:Minimally invasive strabismus surgery
3140:
2409:
3383:Phakic intraocular lens implantation
1530:International Journal of Eye Banking
1051:A 2013 cost-benefit analysis by the
963:
758:adding citations to reliable sources
725:
662:adding citations to reliable sources
629:
554:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3518:Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
2814:Canadian Society of Transplantation
2809:American Society of Transplantation
519:Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty
392:bans on corneal donation by gay men
295:Indications include the following:
24:
1762:10.1097/01.ico.0000229982.23334.6b
979:
806:intrastromal corneal ring segments
800:Intrastromal corneal ring segments
422:, the patient arrives to either a
25:
3925:
3341:Intrastromal corneal ring segment
2393:
2306:Worthing Herald News, 21 Nov 2014
1599:. Eye Bank Association of America
1124:from the original on 7 March 2014
1094:from the original on 2 March 2013
709:
2740:United Network for Organ Sharing
2725:National Transplant Organization
2402:The National Eye Institute (NEI)
1723:. September 2009. Archived from
1637:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306837
1624:British Journal of Ophthalmology
1565:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3630
1496:10.1097/00002030-199311002-00008
1008:pseudophakic bullous keratopathy
730:
634:
601:poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
597:interpenetrating polymer network
487:Replacement of the entire cornea
34:
3316:Automated lamellar keratoplasty
2854:Organ transplantation in Israel
2354:
2339:
2299:
2288:
2262:
2247:
2217:
2176:
2157:
2051:
2005:
1959:
1864:
1833:
1784:
1709:
1660:
1611:
1589:
1540:
1518:
1471:
858:
704:
290:
45:needs additional citations for
3797:Bagolini Striated Glasses Test
3592:Corneal collagen cross-linking
2859:Organ transplantation in Japan
2830:Organ transplantation in China
2804:American Society of Nephrology
2227:Ocular Systems Company Website
1913:10.1002/14651858.CD010621.pub2
1460:
1428:10.1002/14651858.cd007603.pub2
1403:
1344:
1286:
1226:
1169:
1136:
1106:
1076:
1035:Science Translational Medicine
845:Corneal collagen cross-linking
840:Corneal collagen cross-linking
13:
1:
3755:Indocyanine green angiography
3750:Heidelberg Retinal Tomography
3582:Anterior chamber paracentesis
2735:Trillium Gift of Life Network
2715:National Marrow Donor Program
1717:"The Boston Keratoprosthesis"
1070:
1013:
834:Humanitarian Device Exemption
617:Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis
611:Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis
312:, as well as scarring due to
3760:Optical coherence tomography
3639:Phototherapeutic keratectomy
3513:Excimer laser trabeculostomy
2773:Halachic Organ Donor Society
2700:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
2202:10.1097/ICO.0000000000002565
2164:Pioneers & Personalities
1878:Food and Drug Administration
1809:10.1097/IIO.0b013e3182774453
1685:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.036
1004:Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy
830:Food and Drug Administration
794:phototherapeutic keratectomy
722:Phototherapeutic keratectomy
625:
603:(pHEMA). AlphaCor is a U.S.
397:
225:where a damaged or diseased
7:
3388:Photorefractive keratectomy
2778:Kidney Foundation of Canada
1312:10.1097/TP.0000000000002938
1058:
958:
589:
10:
3930:
3807:Dilated fundus examination
3787:A-scan ultrasound biometry
3361:Laser thermal keratoplasty
3184:Anesthesia for eye surgery
2835:harvesting from Falun Gong
2783:National Kidney Foundation
2639:Non-heart-beating donation
2323:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
874:
824:, one on each side of the
614:
558:
3870:
3850:
3775:
3703:
3666:
3574:
3544:Whole eye transplantation
3536:
3496:
3468:
3443:Intraocular lens scaffold
3406:
3378:Limbal relaxing incisions
3299:
3290:
3263:
3233:East Asian blepharoplasty
3218:
3209:
3179:
3083:
3066:
3035:
3019:
3003:
2972:
2946:
2910:
2874:
2867:
2822:
2796:
2748:
2683:
2665:Graft-versus-host disease
2657:
2629:
2601:
2476:
2443:
2332:10.1002/14651858.CD012097
1850:10.1002/14651858.CD011150
944:finer than a human hair.
891:Spanish-born eye surgeon
584:Massachusetts Eye and Ear
454:Pre-operative examination
201:
187:
173:
161:
153:
141:
136:
69:"Corneal transplantation"
2730:NHS Blood and Transplant
1526:"EBAA Medical Standards"
1253:10.3389/fmed.2021.770780
1145:"Cornea Transplantation"
869:NHS Blood and Transplant
816:. In this procedure, an
531:Endothelial keratoplasty
479:Penetrating keratoplasty
354:There is also a risk of
345:
304:, corneal degeneration,
235:penetrating keratoplasty
3904:Corneal transplantation
3740:Fluorescein angiography
3587:Boston keratoprosthesis
3549:Corneal transplantation
3321:Conductive keratoplasty
3106:Immunosuppressive drugs
2842:Organ donation in India
2120:Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc
1944:. Victoria, Australia:
1194:10.18240/ijo.2017.07.21
1046:
580:Boston keratoprosthesis
566:Boston keratoprosthesis
215:Corneal transplantation
137:Corneal transplantation
3619:Intravitreal injection
3483:Laser photocoagulation
3428:Glued intraocular lens
3126:Frankenstein's monster
3121:Total body irradiation
2847:Gurgaon kidney scandal
2705:Human Tissue Authority
2256:Triad Business Journal
2114:Castroviejo R (1948).
1791:Rabinowitz YS (2013).
1357:Clinical Ophthalmology
915:. Russian eye surgeon
896:
884:
575:
488:
475:not usually an issue.
415:
407:
231:donated corneal tissue
3837:Slit-lamp examination
3802:Color perception test
3725:Electronystagmography
3273:Dacryocystorhinostomy
3111:Lung allocation score
3048:Jean-Michel Dubernard
2437:Organ transplantation
1942:Better Health Channel
1240:Frontiers in Medicine
934:operating microscopes
890:
882:
573:
506:Lamellar keratoplasty
486:
413:
405:
239:lamellar keratoplasty
3678:Harada–Ito procedure
3351:Laser blended vision
2918:J. Hartwell Harrison
2675:Transplant rejection
2235:on 29 September 2013
2169:3 March 2016 at the
1478:Simonds, RJ (1993).
1370:10.2147/OPTH.S336986
1120:. 15 February 2014.
1088:organdonorhalloffame
1027:Biosynthetic corneas
940:enabled them to use
754:improve this section
658:improve this section
54:improve this article
3862:Plaque radiotherapy
3735:Electroretinography
3453:Phacoemulsification
3027:André van der Merwe
3011:Richard C. Lillehei
2684:Transplant networks
2468:Xenotransplantation
2463:Autotransplantation
2451:Allotransplantation
2065:on 22 December 2008
1797:Int Ophthalmol Clin
1065:Eye transplantation
1042:Society and culture
990:Descemet's membrane
714:Different types of
329:corneal perforation
3909:Tissue transplants
3745:Fundus photography
3730:Electrooculography
3715:Corneal topography
3683:Strabismus surgery
2882:Christiaan Barnard
2478:Organs and tissues
2259:, 6 February 2009.
2173:Cardiff University
2025:on 25 October 2005
1597:"Eye Banking FAQs"
1553:JAMA Ophthalmology
905:Olomouc Eye Clinic
897:
885:
853:post-LASIK ectasia
576:
489:
432:general anesthesia
418:On the day of the
416:
408:
248:front part of the
244:The cornea is the
223:surgical procedure
18:Corneal transplant
3891:
3890:
3842:Visual field test
3662:
3661:
3393:Radial keratotomy
3356:Laser eye surgery
3286:
3285:
3134:
3133:
3116:Machine perfusion
3096:Edmonton protocol
3091:Biomedical tissue
3079:
3078:
2990:Vladimir Demikhov
2892:Adrian Kantrowitz
2644:Organ procurement
2351:, 25 August 2010.
1979:on 20 August 2006
1559:(11): 1143–1149.
1306:(12): 2468–2478.
1090:. December 1961.
964:High speed lasers
938:materials science
913:Ramón Castroviejo
893:Ramón Castroviejo
790:
789:
782:
694:
693:
686:
555:Synthetic corneas
212:
211:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3921:
3822:Ocular tonometry
3720:Electrodiagnosis
3508:Cyclodestruction
3433:Hydrodelineation
3297:
3296:
3250:Hughes procedure
3216:
3215:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3138:
3137:
2938:Michael Woodruff
2872:
2871:
2603:Medical grafting
2430:
2423:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2371:. Archived from
2369:Restoresight.org
2366:
2358:
2352:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2272:. Archived from
2266:
2260:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2231:. Archived from
2221:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2180:
2174:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2111:
2105:
2104:, 13 April 1936.
2093:
2087:
2084:Vladimir Filatov
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2061:. Archived from
2055:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2018:. Archived from
2017:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1972:. Archived from
1971:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1639:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1475:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1372:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1255:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1213:
1188:(7): 1154–1162.
1173:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1080:
953:anatomical gifts
917:Vladimir Filatov
785:
778:
774:
771:
765:
734:
726:
689:
682:
678:
675:
669:
638:
630:
561:Keratoprosthesis
461:informed consent
436:local anesthesia
266:ophthalmologists
262:anterior chamber
252:that covers the
219:corneal grafting
217:, also known as
205:edit on Wikidata
197:
183:
157:Corneal grafting
146:
134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3866:
3853:
3846:
3778:
3771:
3706:
3699:
3669:
3658:
3634:Photodisruption
3570:
3537:Transplantation
3532:
3528:Trabeculoplasty
3499:
3492:
3470:
3464:
3438:Hydrodissection
3409:
3402:
3371:Contoura Vision
3331:Epikeratophakia
3302:
3282:
3265:Lacrimal system
3259:
3245:Eyelid revision
3240:Epicanthoplasty
3205:
3201:Eye examination
3175:
3165:
3135:
3130:
3075:
3062:
3031:
3015:
2999:
2968:
2942:
2923:John P. Merrill
2906:
2863:
2818:
2797:Joint societies
2792:
2763:Blood Cancer UK
2750:
2744:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2653:
2625:
2621:Vascular bypass
2597:
2472:
2439:
2434:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2378:on 5 March 2017
2375:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2345:Salynn Boyles.
2344:
2340:
2325:(3): CD012097.
2315:
2311:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2276:on 25 July 2011
2268:
2267:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2181:
2177:
2171:Wayback Machine
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2112:
2108:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2013:"Archived copy"
2011:
2010:
2006:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1967:"Archived copy"
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1907:(3): CD010621.
1896:
1890:
1886:
1869:
1865:
1838:
1834:
1789:
1785:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1727:on 23 July 2011
1715:
1714:
1710:
1665:
1661:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1545:
1541:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1422:(8): CD007603.
1408:
1404:
1349:
1345:
1300:Transplantation
1291:
1287:
1231:
1227:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1044:
1029:
1016:
982:
980:DSEK/DSAEK/DMEK
966:
961:
877:
861:
842:
818:ophthalmologist
810:nearsightedness
802:
786:
775:
769:
766:
751:
735:
724:
712:
707:
690:
679:
673:
670:
655:
639:
628:
619:
613:
592:
568:
563:
557:
533:
521:
508:
481:
456:
400:
348:
338:or anti-virals.
293:
229:is replaced by
208:
193:
179:
149:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3927:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3883:Cryoextraction
3880:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3827:Ophthalmoscopy
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Gundersen flap
3611:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:Corneal button
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3523:Trabeculectomy
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3488:Scleral buckle
3485:
3480:
3474:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Keratomileusis
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3228:Blepharoplasty
3224:
3222:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3171:involving the
3164:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3084:Related topics
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2995:James D. Hardy
2992:
2987:
2985:Joel D. Cooper
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2959:James D. Hardy
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2933:Elizabeth Ward
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2902:Norman Shumway
2899:
2894:
2889:
2887:James D. Hardy
2884:
2878:
2876:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Eurotransplant
2691:
2689:
2686:and government
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2631:Organ donation
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2394:External links
2392:
2390:
2389:
2353:
2338:
2309:
2298:
2287:
2261:
2246:
2216:
2195:(5): 541–547.
2175:
2156:
2147:
2106:
2088:
2076:
2050:
2004:
1958:
1926:
1884:
1863:
1832:
1783:
1756:(9): 1034–42.
1738:
1708:
1659:
1610:
1588:
1539:
1517:
1470:
1459:
1402:
1343:
1285:
1225:
1168:
1135:
1105:
1084:"Janis Babson"
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1028:
1025:
1020:bioengineering
1015:
1012:
999:
998:
994:
981:
978:
965:
962:
960:
957:
909:Czech Republic
876:
873:
860:
857:
841:
838:
801:
798:
788:
787:
738:
736:
729:
723:
720:
716:contact lenses
711:
710:Contact lenses
708:
706:
703:
692:
691:
642:
640:
633:
627:
624:
615:Main article:
612:
609:
591:
588:
567:
564:
559:Main article:
556:
553:
532:
529:
520:
517:
507:
504:
480:
477:
455:
452:
428:operating room
399:
396:
368:microorganisms
347:
344:
343:
342:
339:
332:
325:descemetoceles
321:
292:
289:
210:
209:
202:
199:
198:
191:
185:
184:
177:
171:
170:
165:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
139:
138:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3926:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
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3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
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3708:
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3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
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3675:
3673:
3671:
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3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
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3607:
3603:
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3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
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3579:
3577:
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3550:
3547:
3545:
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3535:
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3524:
3521:
3519:
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3481:
3479:
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3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Capsulorhexis
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Corneal inlay
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:Alpins method
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3194:Oculoplastics
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Donna Mansell
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Alexis Carrel
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2964:Thomas Starzl
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Joseph Murray
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Richard Lower
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Anthony Nolan
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:organizations
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:Complications
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Skin grafting
2614:
2612:
2611:Bone grafting
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
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2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
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2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
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2492:
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2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2424:
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2417:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2257:
2253:Evans, Matt.
2250:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2046:
2040:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:(3): 438–44.
1678:
1674:
1673:Ophthalmology
1670:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1363:: 4189–4199.
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1005:
995:
991:
987:
986:
985:
977:
975:
970:
956:
954:
950:
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943:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
894:
889:
881:
872:
870:
865:
856:
854:
850:
846:
837:
835:
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823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
797:
795:
784:
781:
773:
763:
759:
755:
749:
748:
744:
739:This section
737:
733:
728:
727:
719:
717:
702:
698:
688:
685:
677:
667:
663:
659:
653:
652:
648:
643:This section
641:
637:
632:
631:
623:
618:
608:
606:
602:
598:
587:
585:
581:
572:
562:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
528:
526:
516:
514:
503:
500:
497:
493:
485:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
451:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
412:
404:
395:
393:
387:
385:
381:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:aqueous humor
357:
352:
340:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
297:
296:
288:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
206:
200:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
176:
172:
169:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
145:
140:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3609:Evisceration
3548:
3478:Ignipuncture
3278:Punctoplasty
3255:Tarsorrhaphy
2980:Fikri Alican
2954:Fikri Alican
2500:
2380:. Retrieved
2373:the original
2368:
2356:
2347:
2341:
2322:
2312:
2301:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:the original
2264:
2255:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2233:the original
2226:
2219:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2159:
2150:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2096:"Eye repair"
2091:
2086:, peoples.ru
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
2059:"Statistics"
2053:
2027:. Retrieved
2020:the original
2007:
1981:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1941:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1876:
1866:
1841:
1835:
1803:(1): 27–39.
1800:
1796:
1786:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1731:30 September
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1720:
1711:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1630:(1): 15–21.
1627:
1623:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1591:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1462:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1303:
1299:
1288:
1243:
1239:
1228:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1160:, retrieved
1148:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1117:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1087:
1078:
1050:
1033:
1030:
1017:
1000:
983:
971:
967:
946:
932:Advances in
931:
927:Tudor Thomas
925:
898:
866:
862:
859:Epidemiology
843:
803:
791:
776:
767:
752:Please help
740:
713:
705:Alternatives
699:
695:
680:
671:
656:Please help
644:
620:
599:, made from
593:
577:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:
522:
509:
494:
490:
473:
457:
444:
417:
388:
382:through the
380:cheesewiring
376:
353:
349:
306:keratoglobus
294:
291:Medical uses
286:
274:Janis Babson
243:
238:
234:
218:
214:
213:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3914:Eye surgery
3832:Retinoscopy
3792:Amsler grid
3779:examination
3668:Extraocular
3597:Enucleation
3423:Capsulotomy
3189:Eye surgery
3058:Bruce Reitz
2710:LifeSharers
2688:departments
2649:Organ trade
2491:Bone marrow
2382:30 November
1603:29 December
1118:KevinMD.com
1053:Lewin Group
1018:There is a
921:keratoconus
901:Eduard Zirm
883:Eduard Zirm
849:keratoconus
814:astigmatism
525:Endothelial
372:prophylaxis
336:antibiotics
302:keratoconus
278:keratoconus
246:transparent
189:MedlinePlus
154:Other names
3898:Categories
3817:Gonioscopy
3812:Funduscopy
3654:Vitrectomy
3649:Sclerotomy
3624:Iridectomy
3301:Refractive
3169:procedures
3167:Tests and
2561:islet cell
2531:Heart–lung
2126:: 127–53.
1951:27 January
1536:(3). 2017.
1490:: S35-38.
1149:StatPearls
1071:References
1014:Stem cells
496:Antibiotic
270:outpatient
80:newspapers
3852:Radiation
3644:Pterygium
3602:Conformer
3336:Epi-LASIK
2823:Countries
2536:Intestine
1646:0007-1161
1436:1465-1858
1379:1177-5467
1320:0041-1337
1262:2296-858X
1202:2222-3959
1162:6 January
1128:6 January
1098:6 January
974:SightLife
949:eye banks
770:June 2022
741:does not
674:June 2022
645:does not
626:Prognosis
398:Procedure
356:infection
314:keratitis
310:dystrophy
110:July 2022
3878:Couching
3629:Peritomy
3498:Glaucoma
3408:Cataract
3101:Eye bank
3004:Pancreas
2788:ORGANIZE
2749:Advocacy
2556:Pancreas
2239:19 March
2211:33252380
2167:Archived
2142:16693468
2039:cite web
1993:cite web
1921:25803325
1858:71002138
1827:23221883
1778:20035059
1770:17133049
1703:20031230
1654:25990654
1583:32970105
1512:28488664
1454:26313245
1397:34703206
1338:31765363
1280:34869489
1246:: 2145.
1220:28730122
1157:30969512
1122:Archived
1092:Archived
1059:See also
959:Research
590:AlphaCor
499:eyedrops
467:, or an
447:speculum
440:sedative
424:hospital
163:ICD-9-CM
3871:History
3854:therapy
3707:imaging
3705:Medical
3670:muscles
3500:surgery
3471:surgery
3469:Retinal
3458:Prechop
3410:surgery
3303:surgery
3220:Eyelids
2501:Corneal
2133:1312756
2069:19 June
2029:19 June
1983:19 June
1818:3653443
1694:2959124
1574:7516798
1504:8161444
1445:9233756
1388:8536876
1329:6867666
1271:8632951
1211:5514281
942:sutures
875:History
762:removed
747:sources
666:removed
651:sources
420:surgery
221:, is a
181:D016039
94:scholar
3211:Adnexa
2911:Kidney
2868:People
2720:NOD-Lb
2593:Vagina
2588:Uterus
2583:Thymus
2578:Spleen
2541:Kidney
2280:8 June
2209:
2189:Cornea
2140:
2130:
1919:
1856:
1825:
1815:
1776:
1768:
1749:Cornea
1701:
1691:
1652:
1644:
1581:
1571:
1510:
1502:
1452:
1442:
1434:
1395:
1385:
1377:
1336:
1326:
1318:
1278:
1268:
1260:
1218:
1208:
1200:
1155:
907:, now
822:stroma
465:X-rays
438:and a
384:sclera
318:trauma
282:cornea
227:cornea
195:003008
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3575:Other
3398:SMILE
3366:LASIK
3292:Globe
3036:Other
3020:Penis
2947:Liver
2875:Heart
2568:Penis
2546:Liver
2526:Heart
2496:Brain
2444:Types
2376:(PDF)
2365:(PDF)
2348:WebMD
2023:(PDF)
2016:(PDF)
1977:(PDF)
1970:(PDF)
1897:(PDF)
1854:S2CID
1774:S2CID
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