1637:
1657:
1606:
1625:
1415:
1568:
1434:
1492:
1064:
1530:
1511:
2021:
1457:
1549:
1587:
1044:
45:
2161:
1092:
290:
1476:
1074:
1054:
1245:. This ended the position of Christians as a small group that believed itself to be the godly elite. In response a new more advanced form of dedication was developed to preserve a nucleus of the dedicated. The end of persecution also meant that martyrdom was no longer an option to prove one's piety. Instead the long-term "martyrdom" of the
1311:
character of submission, simplicity and humility, thanks to the teachings and writings of the Great
Fathers of Egypt's Deserts. By the end of the 5th century, there were hundreds of monasteries, and thousands of cells and caves scattered throughout the Egyptian desert. A great number of these
354:
1279:, was built in Fāw Qiblī. Pachomius spent most of his time at Pbow. By the time of his death in 345, one count estimates there were 3000 monasteries dotting Egypt from north to south. Within a generation after his death, this number grew to 7000 and then expanding out of Egypt into
1395:
There are currently 33 monasteries in Egypt and in the lands of the immigration with a total of more than 1,000 monks, and six convents with about 300 nuns. The largest monasteries, and most famous, are at
1252:
Many
Egyptian Christians went to the desert during the third century, and remained there to pray and work and dedicate their lives to seclusion and worship of God. This was the beginning of the
1319:
Archbishop of
Caesaria of Cappadocia, founder and organizer of the monastic movement in Asia Minor, visited Egypt around 357 AD and his rule is followed by the Eastern Orthodox Churches;
1400:, about 60 miles northwest of Cairo. They are the only four of the ancient fortified self-sufficient monasteries which have survived out of many that were in the Wadi Natroun valley.
1017:
1012:
89:
1120:
1230:
1207:
in his monasteries in Upper Egypt, which laid the basic monastic structure for many of the monasteries today in many monastic orders even outside of
1656:
1636:
276:
1433:
1987:
1852:
1331:
founded the
Benedictine Order in the 6th century on the model of Saint Pachomius, but in a stricter form. Countless pilgrims have visited the "
699:
1624:
1414:
1389:
1754:
1605:
1067:
194:
1456:
512:
2314:
1731:
1567:
1220:
1077:
2304:
2070:
1113:
467:
318:
240:
235:
1369:
that host many monks and nuns. All of the Coptic bishops are chosen from monks, although this was not necessary traditionally.
2261:
2219:
2060:
1573:
1554:
1462:
927:
1548:
1362:
1308:
962:
1491:
1057:
214:
1529:
1510:
1980:
1924:
1106:
471:
399:
1942:
1821:
436:
404:
1836:
1681:
1233:
attribute the rise of monasticism at this time to the immense changes in the church that had been brought about by
1225:
Institutional
Christian monasticism seems to have begun in the deserts in fourth century Egypt as a kind of living
480:
384:
230:
220:
204:
2271:
972:
541:
2291:
862:
225:
2055:
1973:
1696:
620:
498:
458:
2335:
772:
2020:
1586:
1934:
1373:
1047:
335:
311:
2214:
1886:
1701:
1439:
1420:
1181:
1170:
977:
615:
1475:
2266:
1686:
1535:
1516:
1497:
650:
551:
463:
379:
1862:
2040:
832:
822:
556:
1758:
2196:
2065:
1706:
1611:
812:
748:
586:
536:
522:
427:
122:
2238:
1931:
Sacrifice In the Desert: A Study of an
Egyptian Minority Through the Lens of Coptic Monasticism
1260:
1158:
1139:
922:
892:
675:
670:
665:
576:
566:
476:
454:
432:
423:
374:
369:
304:
271:
266:
261:
2309:
2103:
2080:
1875:
1346:
1234:
1204:
987:
591:
571:
561:
1948:
1315:
All
Christian monasticism stems, either directly or indirectly, from the Egyptian example:
581:
149:
8:
1192:
1096:
957:
797:
517:
389:
294:
64:
1184:
is the oldest
Christian monastery in the world. (It is not the oldest monastery because
2256:
1328:
1280:
1188:
for
Buddhist monasticism were established by 500 BCE, many hundreds of years earlier.
897:
867:
719:
709:
596:
546:
343:
210:
144:
1938:
1920:
1833:
1817:
1150:
997:
912:
837:
394:
154:
117:
104:
2160:
2035:
1726:
1663:
1643:
1592:
1208:
887:
882:
660:
645:
200:
190:
2283:
2050:
1857:
1840:
1809:
1007:
1002:
857:
802:
777:
714:
704:
245:
159:
109:
99:
74:
1953:
1372:
Coptic monasticism saw a revival that started in the 1960s during the papacy of
2251:
2229:
2206:
1691:
1466:
1443:
1424:
1397:
1332:
1288:
1284:
907:
872:
767:
743:
680:
507:
185:
180:
175:
94:
2329:
2117:
2045:
1721:
1711:
1615:
842:
655:
2169:
1912:
1447:
1320:
1292:
1242:
1238:
1174:
902:
762:
738:
610:
129:
84:
1897:
2181:
2027:
1316:
1304:
1253:
1200:
1146:
917:
817:
685:
139:
1780:
1965:
1716:
952:
847:
69:
1323:
who translated the Bible into Latin, came to Egypt, while en route to
1312:
monasteries are still flourishing and have new vocations to this day.
2110:
1385:
1324:
1257:
1226:
1166:
827:
79:
1327:, around 400 AD and left details of his experiences in his letters;
1185:
1142:
to create a holy, separate class of person from layman
Christians.
967:
852:
733:
353:
2089:
1366:
1272:
1271:
Pachomius established his first monastery between 318 and 323 at
1246:
1091:
992:
807:
289:
1961:. Translated by Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge. Chatto & Windus.
2245:
2190:
2145:
2138:
2124:
1667:
1647:
1596:
1577:
1558:
1539:
1520:
1501:
1482:
1307:
was born in Egypt and was instrumental in the formation of the
1022:
44:
2000:
1377:
1376:, and currently there are Coptic monasteries and convents in
1196:
947:
877:
29:
1952:
2131:
2096:
1276:
1154:
1191:
Although Anthony's way of life was focused on solitarity,
1954:"Introduction: III. Christian Monasticism in Egypt"
1917:
Coptic Monasteries: Egypt's Monastic Art and Architecture
1381:
1275:, Egypt, and when it grew too large, his second one,
1947:
1876:
St Takla.org Coptic Monasteries & Convents Links
1256:, which was organized by Anthony, the world's first
1335:" to emulate their spiritual, disciplined lives.
2327:
1630:Monastery of Saint Anthony, Kröffelbach, Germany
1165:) and he was the first to establish a Christian
16:Claimed to be the original form of monasticism
1981:
1114:
312:
1390:the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church
1959:The paradise, or garden of the holy fathers
1988:
1974:
1121:
1107:
319:
305:
1732:Chronology of early Christian monasticism
1352:The communal System or semi-eremitic Life
1338:The Coptic monasticism took three forms:
1221:Chronology of early Christian monasticism
2079:
1995:
1388:and Europe that have been recognized by
2071:Monastery of Saint Samuel the Confessor
1778:
1755:"Monasticism in Egypt by Pope Shenouda"
1263:, and Pachomius in the fourth century.
2328:
1145:It is said to be the original form of
2262:Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great
2220:Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite
2061:Monastery of Saint Matthew the Potter
1969:
1574:Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great
1555:Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great
1463:Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite
1749:
1747:
1053:
1153:became the first one to be called "
1073:
13:
1906:
14:
2347:
1744:
2159:
2019:
1861:. April 19, 1976. Archived from
1781:"The First Buddhist Monasteries"
1682:Christian monasticism before 451
1655:
1635:
1623:
1604:
1585:
1566:
1547:
1528:
1509:
1490:
1474:
1455:
1432:
1413:
1403:
1356:
1090:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1043:
1042:
481:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
352:
288:
43:
1295:and eventually Western Europe.
1891:
1880:
1869:
1853:"Religion: The Desert Revival"
1845:
1827:
1803:
1772:
1298:
1:
2056:Monastery of Saint Epiphanius
2012:indicate defunct monasteries.
1919:. University of Cairo Press.
1737:
1697:Eastern Christian monasticism
621:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
499:History of Oriental Orthodoxy
459:French Coptic Orthodox Church
2292:Monastery of Saint Catherine
1266:
1241:as the main religion of the
7:
1935:University Press of America
1779:Winters, Dennis A. (1988).
1675:
1374:Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria
10:
2352:
2215:Monastery of Saint Anthony
2175:Monastery of Saint Parsoma
1702:List of Coptic monasteries
1440:Monastery of Saint Anthony
1421:Monastery of Saint Anthony
1218:
1214:
1182:Monastery of Saint Anthony
1171:Monastery of Saint Anthony
1169:which is now known as the
1162:
978:Apostolic Church-Ordinance
616:Oriental Orthodox Theology
361:Oriental Orthodox churches
2300:
2282:
2267:Monastery of Saint Pishoy
2228:
2205:
2180:
2168:
2157:
2026:
2017:
2007:
1687:The Daughters of St. Mary
1536:Monastery of Saint Pishoy
1517:Monastery of Saint Pishoy
1498:Monastery of Saint Pishoy
1365:has many monasteries and
651:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
2041:Monastery of the Martyrs
833:Athanasius of Alexandria
2197:Monastery of Saint Mina
2191:Monastery of the Enaton
2066:Monastery of Saint Fana
1707:Members of the Covenant
1612:Monastery of Saint Mina
1097:Christianity portal
863:Dioscorus of Alexandria
818:Nine Saints of Ethiopia
813:Gregory the Illuminator
749:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
523:Saint Thomas Christians
295:Christianity portal
24:Part of a series on the
2315:Monasteries by country
1814:The World of Byzantium
1363:Coptic Orthodox Church
1309:Coptic Orthodox Church
1261:Macarius of Alexandria
1140:Coptic Orthodox Church
1138:was a movement in the
923:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
676:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
671:Liturgy of Saint Basil
666:Liturgy of Saint James
267:Coptic Catholic Church
262:Coptic Orthodox Church
2310:Christianity in Egypt
1380:, the United States,
1317:Saint Basil the Great
1235:Constantine the Great
1205:cenobitic monasticism
928:Geevarghese Gregorios
639:Anaphora & Rites:
634:Liturgy and practices
1949:Palladius of Galatia
1929:Gruber, Mark. 2003.
1481:Coptic Monastery in
963:Patriarch of Antioch
530:Ecumenical Councils:
493:History and theology
418:Independent churches
2336:Coptic Christianity
1229:. Scholars such as
1193:Pachomius the Great
1036:Links and resources
958:Catholicos of India
798:Cyril of Alexandria
449:Autonomous churches
437:Malabar Independent
2257:Paromeos Monastery
2036:Muharraq Monastery
1865:on March 14, 2011.
1839:2007-07-12 at the
1409:Coptic monasteries
1136:Coptic monasticism
983:Coptic monasticism
898:Michael the Syrian
873:Abraham of Farshut
868:Severus of Antioch
345:Oriental Orthodoxy
277:Evangelical Church
2323:
2322:
2155:
2154:
1824:(audio recording)
1785:The Tibet Journal
1254:monastic movement
1237:'s acceptance of
1151:Anthony the Great
1131:
1130:
998:Coonan Cross Oath
913:Giyorgis of Segla
838:Ephrem the Syrian
395:Orthodox Tewahedo
329:
328:
2343:
2272:Syrian Monastery
2163:
2077:
2076:
2023:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1849:
1843:
1831:
1825:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1757:. Archived from
1751:
1727:Matta El Meskeen
1664:Syrian Monastery
1659:
1644:Syrian Monastery
1639:
1627:
1608:
1593:Syrian Monastery
1589:
1570:
1551:
1532:
1513:
1494:
1478:
1459:
1436:
1417:
1231:Lester K. Little
1209:Coptic Orthodoxy
1164:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1018:Tewahedo fasting
973:Ethiopian titles
888:Gregory of Narek
883:Simon the Tanner
773:St. Thomas Cross
661:West Syriac Rite
646:Alexandrian Rite
542:Constantinople I
513:Tewahedo history
356:
346:
331:
330:
321:
314:
307:
293:
292:
47:
32:
21:
20:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2296:
2278:
2224:
2201:
2176:
2164:
2151:
2075:
2051:White Monastery
2024:
2013:
2003:
1994:
1909:
1907:Further reading
1904:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1841:Wayback Machine
1832:
1828:
1810:Kenneth W. Harl
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1678:
1671:
1662:Frescos at the
1660:
1651:
1642:Frescos at the
1640:
1631:
1628:
1619:
1609:
1600:
1590:
1581:
1571:
1562:
1552:
1543:
1533:
1524:
1514:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1460:
1451:
1437:
1428:
1418:
1406:
1359:
1301:
1269:
1249:became common.
1223:
1217:
1173:at the base of
1133:
1132:
1127:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1008:Fast of Nineveh
1003:Ethiopian chant
942:
934:
933:
932:
858:Mesrop Mashtots
792:
784:
783:
782:
778:Ethiopian cross
753:
724:
690:
635:
627:
626:
625:
601:
527:
494:
486:
485:
450:
442:
441:
419:
411:
344:
325:
287:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2349:
2339:
2338:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2252:Wadi El Natrun
2249:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2230:Nitrian Desert
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2207:Eastern Desert
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1945:
1927:
1925:978-9774246913
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1890:
1879:
1868:
1844:
1826:
1802:
1771:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:Desert Fathers
1689:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1616:Western Desert
1610:
1603:
1601:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1467:Eastern Desert
1461:
1454:
1452:
1444:Eastern Desert
1438:
1431:
1429:
1425:Eastern Desert
1419:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1343:
1333:Desert Fathers
1300:
1297:
1285:Judaean Desert
1268:
1265:
1216:
1213:
1203:, established
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Coptic fasting
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
943:
941:Related topics
940:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
908:Tekle Haymanot
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
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855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
781:
780:
775:
770:
768:Armenian Cross
765:
759:
758:
757:
752:
751:
746:
744:Armenian Bible
741:
736:
730:
729:
728:
723:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
696:
695:
694:
689:
688:
683:
681:Malankara Rite
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
641:
640:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
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579:
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569:
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559:
554:
549:
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539:
533:
532:
531:
526:
525:
520:
518:Syriac history
515:
510:
508:Coptic history
504:
503:
502:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
474:
468:Constantinople
461:
451:
448:
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430:
420:
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410:
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366:
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362:
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357:
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327:
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163:
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160:Writing system
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137:
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127:
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125:
120:
112:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2255:
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2250:
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2240:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
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1863:the original
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1793:. Retrieved
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1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1448:Mount Colzim
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1321:Saint Jerome
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1175:Mount Colzim
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903:Bar Hebraeus
763:Coptic cross
739:Coptic Bible
611:Miaphysitism
587:Capharthutha
134:
65:Architecture
2182:Lower Egypt
2028:Upper Egypt
1997:Monasteries
1898:Lexicorient
1398:Wadi Natrun
1305:monasticism
1299:Monasticism
1201:Upper Egypt
1147:monasticism
1078:WikiProject
918:Mar Thoma I
686:Holy Qurobo
557:Ephesus III
150:Persecution
145:Nationalism
135:Monasticism
114:Literature
1933:. Lanham:
1795:10 January
1791:(2): 12–22
1765:2009-10-25
1738:References
1717:Parabalani
1347:coenobitic
1342:Monachism
1303:Christian
1219:See also:
953:Catholicos
848:Frumentius
693:Calendars:
592:Shirakavan
552:Ephesus II
155:Philosophy
2125:Tkahshmin
2111:Tmoushons
2090:Tabennesi
2081:Pachomian
1386:Australia
1325:Jerusalem
1281:Palestine
1267:Pachomius
1258:anchorite
1227:martyrdom
1167:monastery
1068:Templates
893:Nerses IV
828:Mar Awgin
803:Mor Addai
720:Gregorian
710:Ethiopian
604:Theology:
582:Manzikert
547:Ephesus I
472:Jerusalem
400:Ethiopian
211:Australia
80:Coptology
2330:Category
2305:Category
2104:Sheneset
1951:(1907).
1915:. 2010.
1837:Archived
1812:(2001),
1676:See also
1367:convents
1329:Benedict
1283:and the
1048:Category
968:Maphrian
853:Shenoute
734:Peshitta
700:Armenian
572:Dvin III
537:Nicaea I
464:Armenian
405:Eritrean
380:Armenian
336:a series
334:Part of
246:Diaspora
215:churches
205:churches
195:churches
110:Language
105:Toponymy
100:Identity
75:Calendar
2010:Italics
1670:, Egypt
1650:, Egypt
1618:, Egypt
1599:, Egypt
1580:, Egypt
1561:, Egypt
1542:, Egypt
1523:, Egypt
1504:, Egypt
1485:, Egypt
1469:, Egypt
1450:, Egypt
1427:, Egypt
1273:Tabenna
1247:ascetic
1215:Origins
1186:vihāras
1163:μοναχός
993:Debtera
808:Abgar V
597:Hromkla
577:Dvin IV
567:Dvin II
428:British
390:Cilicia
213: (
203: (
193: (
168:Regions
95:History
90:Fasting
57:Culture
2246:Kellia
2239:Nitria
2146:Phnoum
2139:Tsmine
1941:
1923:
1820:
1668:Scetes
1648:Scetes
1597:Scetes
1578:Scetes
1559:Scetes
1540:Scetes
1521:Scetes
1502:Scetes
1483:Scetes
1382:Canada
1349:system
1023:Timkat
756:Cross:
727:Bible:
715:Julian
705:Coptic
562:Dvin I
477:Syriac
455:Coptic
433:Syriac
424:Coptic
385:Indian
375:Syriac
370:Coptic
231:Europe
221:Africa
201:Canada
123:Arabic
118:Coptic
2284:Sinai
2001:Egypt
1887:CNEWA
1446:near
1378:Egypt
1289:Syria
1199:from
1149:. as
1058:Media
948:Abuna
878:Yared
186:Libya
181:Sudan
176:Egypt
140:Names
130:Music
85:Cross
31:Copts
2132:Tbew
2097:Pbow
1939:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1858:Time
1818:ISBN
1797:2021
1361:The
1345:The
1277:Pbow
1197:Copt
1195:, a
1180:The
1155:monk
226:Asia
2118:Tse
1999:in
1157:" (
70:Art
2332::
1957:.
1937:.
1855:.
1816:,
1789:13
1787:.
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