455:(Dog lineage or Arc warriors), was a culture which controlled priests, by putting pressure on social nobility which was almost always military and oppressive. These were nomadic groups nourished from hunting, then learned to eat cooked meat and maize; cultivated beans, corn, pumpkin, nopales, oilseeds, among other things. They believed in various gods as Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca, Mimixcotal and Mixcoatl. They thought that the stars were warriors killed in battles, honoring the Sun.
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Tlatelolco annals provide another list in which the first three and the last two names appear but misses the other three, the advantage of this list is that it provides dates. The three missing names could be accommodated in an alternate sequence, taking into account data from other sources that placed the rise of
Acolnahuacatl in 1302, with a "brief blank" from 1283 to 1302, although not suggested by any other document.
278:, hunting and fishing and the inhabitants supplemented their diet with amphibians, insects and mammals from the nearby forest. This area was explored by Dr. Manuel Gamio in 1917 and a burial site was found covered by lava from the eruption. Gamio made three tunnels under the lava, finding a cultural sequence and bone remains from three individuals, containing offerings consisting of pottery, vessels, clay figurines, and
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In fact there are no known places called "Tepan". Tepanohuayan however, in addition to its concept as a mythical place, is used in colonial documents to refer to several tepanecas cities; this is how references are made of
Azcapotzalco-Tepanohuayan, Tlacopan-Tepanohuayan, Coyohuacan-Tepanohuayan, and
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formed a culture with political, social and military organization; settled in
Azcapotzalco, they dominated minor villages establishing their culture in Coyoacan around 1332 CE. Their growth continued by their taking of other villages: Copilco, Quiahuac ("Los Reyes"), Xotepingo, Tepetlapan and Coapan.
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Copilco was one of the first and most important ceremonial centers in the Valley of Mexico. In the mid-Preclassical (800 BC), several villages developed in this place and slowly evolved and grew, becoming cities and eventually major civic-ceremonial urban centers in the late-preclassical period (ca.
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pyramid. As well as their sculpture as for example the "Espejo de la Cruz", the mantle braided with fur and various ceramic figures. Left the great
Tenayuca pyramid as cultural contribution. The chichimeca disappeared since the Tepanec defeated and the only leader left was Netzahualcoyotl who fled
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Name is a derivation of the real people name, from their original mythic city, Tepanohuayan "the pasadero", also called Tepano whose name is tepaneca (tl). Graphically it is represented by a stone, hence the etymology of Tepan is created "on the stones". Tepanec conquered territories were called
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It is very likely that there were several population eras, for all areas of the Valley of Mexico, which could be related to the different cultures that inhabited the area at different times, and the results of the different wars, conquests and alliances. It will be necessary for specialists and
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was inhabited from the classical period (around 600 CE) and were related to the
Teotihuacanâs in culture and language, as it is known the spoke otomĂana language in the 14th century while the Nahuatl was lingua franca from 1272. Continuing with data provided by Chimalpain, he mentions that the
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Actually these rulers' names come from two sources; The GarcĂa
Granados Codex illustrates the lineage of Azcapotzalco (without dates) in the following order: Maxtlacozcatl (Matlacohuatl), Chiconquiauitl, Tezcapoctli, "Tehuehuactzin Micacalcatl, Xiuhtlatonac", Acolnahuacatl and Tezozomoc; the
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However, from the information recollection by
Spaniards as of 1521, some sparse information is available about the languages spoken in different Tepanecas cities. Fray Bernardino de SahagĂșn includes Tepanecas among Nahuatl speaker groups although this claim seems rather a âsynchronous,
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non-historical- attempt, of describing ethnical conditions in times near the
Spaniard presence, it is known that the consolidation of major political units of the Central Highlands, also entailed the Nahuatl acceptance as a common pipiltin language of the different altépetl.
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recounts the following: "... in the month of August 1917..." the staff proceeded to make a methodical recognition all quarries being exploited... realizing that where more items were available, was at
Copilco, bordering âColonia del Carmen in
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even near
Atlacuihuayan there was a town with that name. Perhaps its value is due to the condition of being on the eastern shore of the Texcoco Lake, at the place where people boarded a vessel to cross (pasar) to the other side.
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appeared, who requested permission to found their second capital on the islet of Lake Texcoco; it was originally named Cuauhmixtitlan in 1274. With his rule Tepaneca military expansion began, establishing partnerships with the
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in the Valley of Mexico, the mazahuaques in the Ixtlahuaca Valley and the matlatzincas in the Toluca Valley, while acquiring a great commercial power. In 1272 he accepted the substitution of Coatlinchan by
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The archaeological vestiges discovered in four tunnels that were excavated in Copilco can be categorized in three groups: 1° Sepulcher;" 2 ° Pavements and stone rows; 3 ° Objects of mud and stone.
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scholars to conclude their important research and build an up-to-date overview of the history of the Valley of Mexico. There is evidence of occupation of this area since the Preclassical period.
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and Copilco as important ceremonial centers. Lava spread in an area of 13 by 15 kilometers of what is today known as âPedregal de San Ăngelâ. This disaster dispersed the population to
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100 CE.). As urban centers, these were very important, with an advanced and hierarchized society. Copilco's decline began early in the 1st century BCE, with the increasing rise of
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There are several theories regarding its founding; some historical records may establish Copilco's founding in the year 100 BCE. Another version places it at 500 BCE.
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In the specific case of Copilco, from what is known, it is estimated that at during the late prehispanic Mesoamerican chronology (1332), Copilco was tributary to
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As proposed by Seler, quoted by Nigel Davies, in The Toltec Heritage. From the fall of Tula to the Rise of Tenochtitlan. University of Oklahoma Press, p. 134
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Tepaneca can be translated as âthe stone Peopleâ. This definition is supported by the fact that the Tepanec Glyph appears on several documents (
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It is very likely that founding, development and destiny of both cities had common causes, from their geographical location, and chronology.
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glyph, portray the idea of a ânationâ or human group, appear one of the most normalized Nahuatl glyphs, the one meaning "piedra" (stone).
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group, that settled in 1012 CE in the western region of the Texcoco Lake. Their lineage begins when their leader Acolhua marries
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and ceremonial center located on the shores of the Texcoco Lake. It had an incipient agriculture with an economy based on
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380:(1579â1660) establishes this settlement before, at 995 CE. In fact archaeological investigations have revealed that
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tepanecas entered a triple alliance from 1047 (this alliance is different from that with the Mexicas, much later).
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in the Triple Alliance of that time, thus consolidating the achievements of his predecessor.
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From that place many archaeological vestiges and human remains were extracted. He noted:
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volcano (according to Chronicles, one eruption of the volcano occurred on April 24, 76).
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Not all skeletons were buried in cylindrical graves... also found bones inside a vase"
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He was succeeded by Tezcapoctzin, who ruled from 1248 to 1283. In his time the
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volcano near the Ajusc erupted, burying and destroying what still remained of
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515:[Relevant historical facts] (in Spanish). INEGI. Archived from
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Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin
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as an important cultural and religious center. By 400 CE, the
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was an important Mesoamerican ceremonial center, southwest of
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according to the Encyclopedia of Mexico, special 1987 edition
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The Register establish that the last lineage begins with
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The tombs consist of cylindrical hollows excavated in
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They continued the Toltec art as can be seen in the
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620:Travelers Guide, Mexico City Archaeology
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28:Copilco - Archaeological Site
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176:Oto-Manguean languages
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172:Uto-Aztecan languages
103:19.33556°N 99.17667°W
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108:19.33556; -99.17667
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284:funerary offerings
187:INAH Official Page
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62:Mexico City
640:Categories
447:Chichimecs
336:Azcatitlan
312:Chichimecs
246:Background
147:Foundation
125:Chichimeca
94:99°10âČ36âłW
91:19°20âČ08âłN
477:San Ăngel
453:Chichimec
364:Chichimec
261:Cuicuilco
210:Cuicuilco
656:CoyoacĂĄn
490:tepetate
460:Tenayuca
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395:tlatoani
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319:Tepanecs
272:altépetl
238:Founding
224:CoyoacĂĄn
167:Language
129:Tepaneca
58:CoyoacĂĄn
53:Location
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439:roots.
416:Acolhua
411:mexitin
290:History
280:Metates
228:Nahuatl
198:Copilco
180:Nahuatl
157:Decline
120:Culture
372:XĂłlotl
354:Origin
265:Toluca
206:Mexico
137:Period
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