874:
714:
297:
100:
282:
2501:. Freight rates are expressed as the total price in U.S. dollars for a shipper to transport one TEU worth of cargo along a given route. Data is given for the three main container liner routes: U.S.-Asia, U.S.-Europe, and Europe-Asia. Prices are typically different between the two legs of a voyage, for example the Asia-U.S. rates have been significantly higher than the return U.S.-Asia rates in recent years. Generally, from the fourth quarter of 2008 through the third quarter of 2009, both the volume of container cargo and freight rates have dropped sharply. In 2009, the freight rates on the U.S.–Europe route were sturdiest, while the Asia-U.S. route fell the most.
2890:
1014:
locating cones, and anti-rack spacers to lock the containers together. Above-decks, without the extra support of the cell guides, more complicated equipment is used. Three types of systems are currently in wide use: lashing systems, locking systems, and buttress systems. Lashing systems secure containers to the ship using devices made from wire rope, rigid rods, or chains and devices to tension the lashings, such as turnbuckles. The effectiveness of lashings is increased by securing containers to each other, either by simple metal forms (such as stacking cones) or more complicated devices such as twist-lock stackers. A typical
575:
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have ranged from $ 2.70 to $ 35.40 in this period, with prices generally lower on larger ships. The most resilient sized vessel in this time period were those from 200 to 300 TEU, a fact that the United
Nations Council on Trade and Development attributes to lack of competition in this sector. Overall, in 2010, these rates rebounded somewhat, but remained at approximately half of their 2008 values. As of 2011, the index shows signs of recovery for container shipping, and combined with increases in global capacity, indicates a positive outlook for the sector in the near future.
935:
1531:. Scrapping is rare for ships under 18 years old and common for those over 40 years in age. Ship-owners and buyers negotiate scrap prices based on factors such as the ship's empty weight (called light ton displacement or LTD) and prices in the scrap metal market. Scrapping rates are volatile, the price per light ton displacement has swung from a high of $ 650 per LTD in mid-2008 to $ 200 per LTD in early 2009, before building to $ 400 per LTD in March 2010. As of 2009, over 96% of the world's scrapping activity takes place in China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
329:
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conducted by the WSC from 2008–2019, saw an average of 1,382 shipping containers lost at sea. However, in the 3-year period from 2017–2019, that number was nearly halved, down to an average of 779 containers lost annually. Most go overboard on the open sea during storms but there are some examples of whole ships being lost with their cargo. One major shipping accident occurred in 2013 when the MOL Comfort sank with 4,293 containers onboard in the Indian Ocean. When containers are dropped, they immediately become an environmental threat – termed "
267:
757:
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1477:
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2239:. This index considers time-charters on fully cellular container ships controlled by Hamburg brokers. It is limited to charters of 3 months or more, and presented as the average daily cost in U.S. dollars for a one-TEU slot with a weight of 14 tonnes. The Hamburg Index data is divided into ten categories based primarily on vessel carrying capacity. Two additional categories exist for small vessels of under 500 TEU that carry their own cargo cranes. In 2007, VHSS started another index, the
900:, they suffer from several drawbacks. To begin with, geared ships will cost more to purchase than a gearless ship. Geared ships also incur greater recurring expenses, such as maintenance and fuel costs. The United Nations Council on Trade and Development characterizes geared ships as a "niche market only appropriate for those ports where low cargo volumes do not justify investment in port cranes or where the public sector does not have the financial resources for such investment".
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attached to the tops of the frames and run the full breadth of the ship. The beams not only support the deck, but along with the deck, frames, and transverse bulkheads, strengthen and reinforce the shell. Another feature of recent hulls is a set of double-bottom tanks, which provide a second watertight shell that runs most of the length of a ship. The double-bottoms generally hold liquids such as fuel oil, ballast water or fresh water.
1959:
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2197:. In a voyage charter, the charterer rents the vessel from the loading port to the discharge port. In a time charter, the vessel is hired for a set period of time, to perform voyages as the charterer directs. In a bareboat charter, the charterer acts as the ship's operator and manager, taking on responsibilities such as providing the crew and maintaining the vessel. The completed chartering contract is known as a
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2728:(TSR) has recently become a more viable alternative to container ships on the Asia-Europe route. This railroad can typically deliver containers in 1/3 to 1/2 of the time of a sea voyage, and in late 2009 announced a 20% reduction in its container shipping rates. With its 2009 rate schedule, the TSR will transport a forty-foot container to Poland from Yokohama for $ 2,820, or from Pusan for $ 2,154.
36:
347:
518:. The hull of a typical container ship is similar to an airport hangar, or a huge warehouse, which is divided into individual holding cells, using vertical guide rails. The ship's cells are designed to hold cargo containers, which are typically constructed of steel, though sometimes of aluminum, fiberglass or plywood, and designed for intermodal transfers between ship and
959:. On top of the hatch coamings are the hatch covers. Until the 1950s, hatches were typically secured with wooden boards and tarpaulins held down with battens. Today, some hatch covers can be solid metal plates that are lifted on and off the ship by cranes, while others are articulated mechanisms that are opened and closed using powerful hydraulic rams.
966:. Cell guides are strong vertical structures constructed of metal installed into a ship's cargo holds. These structures guide containers into well-defined rows during loading and provide some support for containers against the ship's rolling at sea. So fundamental to container ship design are cell guides that organizations such as the
377:
moving traditional break-bulk cargoes significantly, reducing shipping time by 84% and costs by 35%. In 2001, more than 90% of world trade in non-bulk goods was transported in ISO containers. In 2009, almost one quarter of the world's dry cargo was shipped by container, an estimated 125 million TEU or 1.19 billion tonnes worth of cargo.
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had consolidated their routes and services accounting for 95 percent of container cargo volumes moving in the dominant east-west trade routes. Carriers remain operationally independent, as they are forbidden by antitrust regulators in multiple jurisdictions from colluding on freight rates or capacity. Similarities can be drawn with
2721:") and by laying up ships. Slow steaming increased the length of the Europe-Asia routes to a record high of over 40 days. Another strategy used by some companies was to manipulate the market by publishing notices of rate increases in the press, and when "a notice had been issued by one carrier, other carriers followed suit".
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ship was $ 10 million, while gearless ships of 6,500 and 12,000 TEU averaged prices of $ 74 million and $ 105 million respectively. At the same time, secondhand prices for 10-year-old geared container ships of 500-, 2,500-, and 3,500-TEU capacity averaged prices of $ 4 million, $ 15 million, and $ 18 million respectively.
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Liner companies responded to their overcapacity in several ways. For example, in early 2009, some container lines dropped their freight rates to zero on the Asia-Europe route, charging shippers only a surcharge to cover operating costs. They decreased their overcapacity by lowering the ships' speed
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Efficiency has always been key in the design of container ships. While containers may be carried on conventional break-bulk ships, cargo holds for dedicated container ships are specially constructed to speed loading and unloading, and to efficiently keep containers secure while at sea. A key aspect
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process became more efficient by grouping cargo into containers, 1,000 to 3,000 cubic feet (28 to 85 m) of cargo, or up to about 64,000 pounds (29,000 kg), is moved at once and each container is secured to the ship once in a standardized way. Containerization has increased the efficiency of
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In an effort to control costs and maximize capacity utilization on ever-larger ships, vessel sharing agreements, co-operative agreements, and slot-exchanges have become a growing feature of the maritime container shipping industry. As of March 2015, 16 of the world's largest container shipping lines
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or more. Maersk Line, the world's largest container shipping line, nevertheless opted for twin engines (two smaller engines working two separate propellers), when ordering a series of ten 18,000 TEU vessels from Daewoo
Shipbuilding in February 2011. The ships were delivered between 2013 and 2014. In
2014:
have dictated an upward trend in the size of container ships in order to reduce expenses. However, there are certain limitations to the size of container ships. Primarily, these are the availability of sufficiently large main engines and the availability of a sufficient number of ports and terminals
1534:
The global economic downturn of 2008–2009 resulted in more ships than usual being sold for scrap. In 2009, 364,300 TEU worth of container ship capacity was scrapped, up from 99,900 TEU in 2008. Container ships accounted for 22.6% of the total gross tonnage of ships scrapped that year. Despite the
1518:
In 2009, 11,669,000 gross tons of newly built container ships were delivered. Over 85% of this new capacity was built in the
Republic of Korea, China, and Japan, with Korea accounting for over 57% of the world's total alone. New container ships accounted for 15% of the total new tonnage that year,
640:
or feeders. They are small ships that typically operate between smaller container ports. Some feeders collect their cargo from small ports, drop it off at large ports for transshipment on larger ships, and distribute containers from the large port to smaller regional ports. This size of vessel is
1514:
In recent years, oversupply of container ship capacity has caused prices for new and used ships to fall. From 2008 to 2009, new container ship prices dropped by 19–33%, while prices for 10-year-old container ships dropped by 47–69%. In March 2010, the average price for a geared 500-TEU container
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at sea each year, costing $ 370 million. A survey for the six years 2008 through 2013 estimates average losses of individual containers overboard at 546 per year, and average total losses including catastrophic events such as vessel sinkings or groundings at 1,679 per year More recently, a survey
2246:
The
Hamburg Index shows some clear trends in recent chartering markets. First, rates were generally increasing from 2000 to 2005. From 2005 to 2008, rates slowly decreased, and in mid-2008 began a "dramatic decline" of approximately 75%, which lasted until rates stabilized in April 2009. Rates
561:
The hull of a modern cargo ship is a complex arrangement of steel plates and strengthening beams. Resembling ribs, and fastened at right angles to the keel, are the ship's frames. The ship's main deck, the metal platework that covers the top of the hull framework, is supported by beams that are
1039:
visibility requirements, several new designs have been developed. As of 2015, some large container ships are being developed with the bridge further forward, separate from the exhaust stack. Some smaller container ships working in
European ports and rivers have liftable wheelhouses, which can be
915:
have been a key to the success of the container ship. The first crane that was specifically designed for container work was built in
California's Port of Alameda in 1959. By the 1980s, shoreside gantry cranes were capable of moving containers on a 3-minute-cycle, or up to 400 tons per hour. In
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in the early 2010s had prompted most container lines to adapt a slower, more economical voyage speed of about 21 knots, compared to earlier top speeds of 25 or more knots. Subsequently, newly built container ships can be fitted with a smaller main engine. Engine types fitted to today's ships of
1396:, where ships trade on scheduled routes. As of January 2010, the top 20 liner companies controlled 67.5% of the world's fully cellular container capacity, with 2,673 vessels of an average capacity of 3,774 TEU. The remaining 6,862 fully cellular ships have an average capacity of 709 TEU each.
992:
Container ships typically take 20 foot and 40 foot containers. Some ships can take 45 footers above deck. A few ships (APL since 2007, Carrier53 since 2022 ) can carry 53 foot containers. 40 foot containers are the primary container size, making up about 90% of all container shipping and since
537:
worldwide is transported by container by about 50,000 container ships. Modern container ships can carry over 24,000 TEU. The largest container ships measure about 400 metres (1,300 ft) in length, and carry loads equal to the cargo-carrying capacity of sixteen to seventeen pre-World War II
1013:
Numerous systems are used to secure containers aboard ships, depending on factors such as the type of ship, the type of container, and the location of the container. Stowage inside the holds of fully cellular (FC) ships is simplest, typically using simple metal forms called container guides,
624:
of 366 metres (1,201 ft), a maximum beam (width) of 49 metres (161 ft), and tropical fresh-water draft of 15.2 metres (50 ft). Such a vessel, called
Neopanamax class, is wide enough to carry 19 columns of containers, can have a total capacity of approximately 12,000 TEU and is
930:
Vessels in the 1,500–2,499 TEU range are the most likely size class to have cranes, with more than 60% of this category being geared ships. Slightly less than a third of the very smallest ships (from 100–499 TEU) are geared, and almost no ships with a capacity of over 4,000 TEU are geared.
2112:
2016, some experts believed that the current largest container ships are at the optimum size, and could not economically be larger, as port facilities would be too expensive, port handling too time consuming, the number of suitable ports too low, and insurance cost too high.
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installed. These cranes, specialized for container work, are able to roll forward and aft on rails. In addition to the additional capital expense and maintenance costs, these cranes generally load and discharge containers much more slowly than their shoreside counterparts.
615:, which can accommodate ships with a beam of up to 32.31 m, a length overall of up to 294.13 m, and a draft of up to 12.04 m. The Post-Panamax category has historically been used to describe ships with a moulded breadth over 32.31 m, however the
1403:, with approximately 75% owned by Hamburg brokers. It is a common practice for the large container lines to supplement their own ships with chartered-in ships, for example in 2009, 48.9% of the tonnage of the top 20 liner companies was chartered-in in this manner.
1026:
The buttress system, used on some large container ships, uses a system of large towers attached to the ship at both ends of each cargo hold. As the ship is loaded, a rigid, removable stacking frame is added, structurally securing each tier of containers together.
893:. The earliest purpose-built container ships in the 1970s were all gearless. Since then, the percentage of geared newbuilds has fluctuated widely, but has been decreasing overall, with only 7.5% of the container ship capacity in 2009 being equipped with cranes.
985:. Rows on the starboard side are given odd numbers and those on the port side are given even numbers. The rows nearest the centerline are given low numbers, and the numbers increase for slots further from the centerline. The third coordinate is the
619:
has caused some changes in terminology. The
Neopanamax category is based on the maximum vessel size that is able to transit a new third set of locks, which opened in June 2016. The third set of locks were built to accommodate a container ship with a
952:
of container ship specialization is the design of the hatches, the openings from the main deck to the cargo holds. The hatch openings stretch the entire breadth of the cargo holds, and are surrounded by a raised steel structure known as the
565:
A ship's engine room houses its main engines and auxiliary machinery such as the fresh water and sewage systems, electrical generators, fire pumps, and air conditioners. In most new ships, the engine room is located in the aft portion.
2015:
prepared and equipped to handle ultra-large container ships. Furthermore, the permissible maximum ship dimensions in some of the world's main waterways could present an upper limit in terms of vessel growth. This primarily concerns the
2041:
Since even very large container ships are vessels with relatively low draft compared to large tankers and bulk carriers, there is still considerable room for vessel growth. Compared to today's largest container ships, Maersk Line's
1415:. A ship's flag state exercises regulatory control over the vessel and is required to inspect it regularly, certify the ship's equipment and crew, and issue safety and pollution prevention documents. As of 2006, the United States
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is inserted into the casting hole of one container and rotated to hold it in place, then another container is lowered on top of it. The two containers are locked together by twisting the device's handle. A typical
369:. Bulk cargoes, like grain or coal, are transported unpackaged in the hull of the ship, generally in large volume. Break-bulk cargoes, in contrast, are transported in packages, and are generally manufactured goods.
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reported that it had raised concerns with 14 container shipping carriers regarding their practice of announcing
General Rate Increases (GRIs) in a coordinated manner, which potentially conflicted with the EU and
558:. The holds are topped by hatch covers, onto which more containers can be stacked. Many container ships have cargo cranes installed on them, and some have specialized systems for securing containers on board.
2993:," by which a ship can roll 30-40 degrees during rough seas creating a powerful torque on a 10-high stack of containers which can easily snap lashings and locks of the stack, resulting in losses into the sea.
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or VHSS for short) as its main industry source for container ship freight prices. The VHSS maintains a few indices of container ship charter prices. The oldest, which dates back to 1998, is called the
2123:
has a capacity of 20,150 TEUs. Samsung Heavy
Industries was expected to deliver several ships of over 20,000 TEUs in 2017, and has orders for at least ten vessels in that size range for OOCL and MOL.
452:, on its first voyage. In 1955, McLean built his company, McLean Trucking into one of the United States' biggest freighter fleets. In 1955, he purchased the small Pan Atlantic Steamship Company from
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873:
6077:
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two aspects of container shipping prices: The first one is a chartering price, specifically the price to time-charter a 1 TEU slot for 14 tonnes of cargo on a container ship. The other is the
2224:
608:
and ultra-large. As of December 2012, there were 161 container ships in the VLCS class (Very Large Container Ships, more than 10,000 TEU), and 51 ports in the world can accommodate them.
5452:
2134:(MSC), with a capacity of 24,346 TEUs. Measuring 399.99 metres in length and 61.3 metres in beam, the ship is one of four ordered from the builder in 2020, and exceeded MSC's 24,116 TEU
1370:
As of 2010, container ships made up 13.3% of the world's fleet in terms of deadweight tonnage. The world's total of container ship deadweight tonnage has increased from 11 million
3573:
Source credits: "Sources: "The Geography of Transport Systems," by Jean-Paul Rodrigue; VesselFinder; the Empire State Building; the Eiffel Tower; ShipHub; Maryland Port Administration".
2874:
5285:
4651:
407:). These containers were loaded in London or Paris, and carried to ports of Dover or Calais on flat cars. In February 1931, the first container ship in the world was launched; the
588:, though considered large, is less than that of the largest container ship. It is recognized that bigger ships can cause bigger disasters, such as the 1,300-foot vessel in the
1535:
surge, the capacity removed from the fleet only accounted for 3% of the world's container ship capacity. The average age of container ships scrapped in 2009 was 27.0 years.
2989:
As container ships get larger and stacking becomes higher, the threat of containers toppling into the sea during a storm increases. This results from a phenomenon called "
514:
Container ships were designed to accommodate intermodal transport of goods, and eliminated requirements for the individual hatches, holds and other dividers of traditional
2059:
would measure 440 m × 59 m (1,444 ft × 194 ft), compared to 397.71 m × 56.40 m (1,304.8 ft × 185.0 ft) for the
3568:
2969:
In total, the busiest twenty container ports handled 220,905,805 TEU in 2009, almost half of the world's total estimated container traffic that year of 465,597,537 TEU.
372:
Before the advent of containerization in the 1950s, break-bulk items required manual loading, lashing, unlashing and unloading from the ship one piece at a time. This
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in Malaysia, a new world record was set when 734 container moves were made in a single hour. The record was achieved using 9 cranes to simultaneously load and unload
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There are several key points in the design of modern container ships. The hull, similar to that of bulk carriers and general cargo ships, is built around a strong
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in 2010. The combined deadweight tonnage of container ships and general cargo ships, which also often carry containers, represents 21.8% of the world's fleet.
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class. It would have an estimated deadweight of circa 220,000 tons. While such a vessel might be near the upper limit for a Suez Canal passage, the so-called
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container ship would only be moderately larger in terms of exterior dimensions. According to a 2011 estimate, an ultra-large container ship of 20,250
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2877:). The shipping companies announced a series of commitments aiming to address the Commission's concerns, which for its part the Commission accepted as "
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1463:. By way of comparison, traditional maritime nations such as the United States and Japan only had 75 and 11 registered container ships, respectively.
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Container ships have typically had a single bridge and accommodation unit towards the rear, but to reconcile demand for larger container capacity with
967:
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Ships of the Bay class are at the upper limit of the Panamax class, with an overall length of 292.15 m, beam of 32.2m, and maximum depth of 13.3 m.
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In the present market situation, main engines will not be as much of a limiting factor for vessel growth either. The steadily rising expense of
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A major characteristic of a container ship is whether it has cranes installed for handling its cargo. Those that have cargo cranes are called
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of about 21 metres (69 ft) is still above that of any conceivable container ship design. In 2011, Maersk announced plans to build a new "
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5896:
Review of Developments in Transport in Asia and the Pacific 2007: Data and Trends (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific)
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2986:". Once in the ocean, they fill with water and sink if the contents cannot hold air. Rough waters smash the container, sinking it quickly.
503:, purpose-built container ship. and was built by Australian company Associated Steamships, a partnership formed by the 1964 merger of the
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and adapted its ships to carry cargo in large uniform metal containers. On April 26, 1956, the first of these rebuilt container vessels,
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2881:" for the period from 2016 to 2019. General Rate Increases continue to be published in the industry either annually or sixth-monthly.
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for container ships, with 541 of the vessels in its registry. Seven other flag states had more than 100 registered container ships:
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Container ships under 3,000 TEU are typically called feeders. In some areas of the world, they might be outfitted with cargo cranes.
1381:
As of 2009, the average age of container ships worldwide was 10.6 years, making them the youngest general vessel type, followed by
4770:"MOL Truth, Japan's 1st 20,000 TEU Containership, Delivered - Largest Built in Japan, to be Launched on Asia-North Europe Trade -"
56:
The "Sources" section needs to match existing short citations under "References", or be moved to a "Further reading" section. See
5828:. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration. Archived from
4627:"World's largest gas-powered container ship rolls off Shanghai slipway, a milestone for global shipping and China's shipbuilding"
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Transport Means 2016, Proceedings of the 20th International Scientific Conference, October 5–7, 2016, Juodkrante, Lithuania.
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Year-average daily charter rates for a 1-TEU (14-tonne) slot have varied from $ 2.70 to $ 35.40 between 2000 and 2010.
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is one of six new Megamax vessels ordered by Ocean Network Express in December of 2020 to be built by a consortium of
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of 60 m (200 ft). If constructed, the container ship would become the largest seagoing vessel in the world.
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1998:
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Maritime Shipping Container Security and the Defense Transportation System: Problems and Policy in the 21st Century
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container shipping moves 90% of the world's freight, over 80% of the world's freight moves via 40 foot containers.
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class are much too big to fit through the Panama Canal's old locks, but could easily fit through the new expansion.
281:
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99:
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1976:
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The first ships designed to carry standardized load units were used in the late 18th century in England. In 1766
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17:
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While geared container ships are more flexible in that they can visit ports that are not equipped with pierside
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worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
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1980:
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The vast majority of the capacity of fully cellular container ships used in the liner trade is owned by German
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396:, the first container ships were used to carry the baggage of the luxury passenger train from London to Paris (
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Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook: based on the original edition by Edward A. Turpin and William A. MacEwen
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2220:, both indicators showed sharp drops during 2008–2009, and have shown signs of stabilization since 2010.
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244:
193:
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2079:" family of container ships with a capacity of 18,000 TEU, with an emphasis on lower fuel consumption.
504:
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2216:; or comprehensive daily cost to deliver one-TEU worth of cargo on a given route. As a result of the
989:, with the first tier at the bottom of the cargo holds, the second tier on top of that, and so forth.
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Antitrust: Commission accepts commitments by container liner shipping companies on price transparency
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321:
51:
5538:"Shipping firms experience a sharp rise in containers lost at sea," Feb. 25, 2021, Lockton Companies
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With a length of 400 m, a beam of 59 m, draft of 14.5 m, and a capacity of 18,270 TEU, ships of the
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6261:"An analysis of safety and security risks in container shipping operations: A case study of Taiwan"
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5307:
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5702:. Notices to Shipping. Balboa-Ancon: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. pp. 11–12. Archived from
1455:(104). The Panamanian, Liberian, and Marshallese flags are open registries and considered by the
141:(4) Panamax or post-Panamax vessel (as per breadth of vessel < or > than 32.2m respectively)
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use their presence to distinguish dedicated container ships from general break-bulk cargo ships.
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Container ships are distinguished into 7 major size categories: small feeder, feeder, feedermax,
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4362:. MTCP Work Package 2.1, Quality and Efficiency. Bremen/Brussels. p. 3.3. Archived from
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397:
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3230:"Czechoslovak activity to prepare European norms for containers before the Second World War"
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International law requires that every merchant ship be registered in a country, called its
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In March 2017 the first ship with an official capacity over 20,000 TEUs was christened at
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after World War II. In 1951, the first purpose-built container vessels began operating in
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8:
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6725:
6507:
6204:
5012:
4820:
3321:"History - Port of New York and New Jersey - Port Authority of New York & New Jersey"
2865:
2170:
981:, which starts at the front of the ship and increases aft. The second coordinate is the
6922:
5469:
1490:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
938:
A view into the holds of a container ship. The vertical cell guides organize containers
6983:
6735:
6410:
6139:
The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger
5892:
5847:
5426:
Benefits to maritime commerce from ocean surface vector wind observations and forecasts
4381:
3638:
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2011:
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is constructed of forged steel and ductile iron and has a shear strength of 48 tonnes.
612:
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designed the box boat "Starvationer" with 10 wooden containers, to transport coal from
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to describe the position of a container aboard the ship. The first coordinate is the
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Ancient and modern mariners: The romance of the high seas in an age of quantification
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4678:"China's largest cargo ship handed over to owners | Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide"
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2944:
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2092:
389:
46:
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5558:
Conrad, Edward E. (1989). "12. Containership Operations". In Hayler, William (ed.).
4878:
3205:
Lewandowski, Krzysztof (2016). "The containers ships, which really was the first?".
411:, owned by Southern Railway UK. It had 21 slots for containers of Southern Railway.
328:
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4602:"MSC MINA, one of the world's largest container ships, docks at King Abdullah Port"
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2020:
1448:
1036:
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233:
5764:. Notices to Shipping. Balboa-Ancon: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. Archived from
5733:. Notices to Shipping. Balboa-Ancon: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. Archived from
5243:. United Nations conference on trade and development. 14 October 2015. p. 58.
1392:
Most of the world's carrying capacity in fully cellular container ships is in the
266:
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912:
897:
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4576:"Inaugural stopover of the mega container ship HMM OSLO at the Port of Le Havre"
1836:
7009:
6943:
6720:
6580:
6502:
6482:
6276:
5142:"Europe sets its gaze on the world's largest ship: A closer look at MSC Loreto"
3798:
3465:"Shipping Contributes Heavily to Climate Change. Are Green Ships the Solution?"
2928:
2243:
which tracks similar data obtained from an international group of shipbrokers.
2190:
2071:) does not apply for container ships, since the Malacca and Singapore Straits'
1776:
1452:
825:
662:
621:
449:
381:
3140:
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The act of hiring a ship to carry cargo is called chartering. Outside special
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announced plans to construct a container ship capable of carrying 22,000
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5286:"Shippers, regulators will be watching closely as alliances launch services"
3740:
Development of containerization success through vision, drive and technology
2047:
7074:
6705:
6497:
6462:
6056:"History of Sea-Land, CSX Lines, and Horizon Lines Timeline (1956–Present)"
6028:"The Containership Revolution: Malcom McLean's 1956 Innovation Goes Global"
5993:
3012:
2498:
2213:
2082:
1382:
939:
904:
764:
672:
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527:
414:
The earliest container ships after the Second World War were converted oil
393:
305:
290:
5727:
Proposal for the Expansion of the Panama Canal: Third Set of Locks Project
3320:
2130:, was delivered March 9, 2023 by builder Yangzi Xinfu Shipbuilding to the
1389:
at 17 years, general cargo ships at 24.6 years, and others at 25.3 years.
6700:
6674:
6628:
6618:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6565:
6555:
6527:
6517:
4652:"New Largest Containership In The World 'OOCL Hong Kong' Christened haul"
4253:. International Transport Workers' Federation. 2005-06-06. Archived from
2977:
It has been estimated that container ships lose between 2,000 and 10,000
2832:
2798:
2072:
1876:
1393:
1084:
1066:
843:
721:
637:
555:
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493:
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373:
333:
204:
105:
6812:
6349:
5818:
5013:"NORDIC ROUNDUP: Maersk Orders 10 Container Carriers - Source - WSJ.com"
4350:
3598:" (World ports not ready for giant ships). ShippingWatch, December 2012.
3249:
3145:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
1507:
6963:
6730:
6613:
6570:
6472:
6449:
6400:
6258:
5783:
2894:
2489:
2182:
2087:
2064:
2016:
1983: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1428:
1412:
1386:
1020:
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962:
Another key component of dedicated container-ship design is the use of
917:
802:
605:
534:
515:
435:
362:
255:
225:
3137:
From the American Heritage dictionary definition available on-line at
2996:
247:(TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU)
6978:
6755:
6715:
6467:
5663:
2916:
was the world's busiest container port, with 43,303,000 TEU handled.
1440:
1400:
419:
355:
286:
271:
2107:
are thus sufficiently large to propel future vessels of 20,000
1958:
6927:
6872:
6765:
6710:
6659:
6156:
4520:"World's largest container ship MSC Tessa delivered, made in China"
4084:"World container-fleet capacity has grown by 50 percent since 2008"
2099:
1001:
835:
626:
490:, built in 1955, and introduced containers to its railway in 1956.
340:
3916:"APL to Take Delivery of First 'Ocean-capable' 53-foot Containers"
2875:
Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
530:. Shipping containers are categorized by type, size and function.
7037:
6917:
6684:
3445:. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). 2014. p. 9
3111:
Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
3026:
2768:
2034:, and with a proposed length of 450 m (1,480 ft) and a
1527:
Most ships are removed from the fleet through a process known as
1436:
1432:
1072:
955:
774:
630:
597:
580:
427:
423:
385:
316:
248:
5893:
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (2009).
2919:
That year, seven of the busiest ten container ports were in the
464:
in New Jersey and a new revolution in modern shipping resulted.
3607:
Autoridad del Canal de Panamá 2005, pp. 11 – 12.
3113:. Washington: Department of Defense. p. 73. Archived from
1444:
1424:
431:
135:(2) Freighter or pure container (as per passenger carrier-type)
3634:"Panama Canal Opens $ 5B Locks, Bullish Despite Shipping Woes"
2908:
Container traffic through a port is often tracked in terms of
2873:
rules on concerted practices which could distort competition (
6608:
6457:
6405:
6185:
Roland, Alex; Bolster, W Jeffrey; Keyssar, Alexander (2008).
5758:
Dimensions for Future Lock Chambers and "New Panamax" Vessels
5751:
5720:
5689:
4550:"Do you know these are the largest cargo ships in the world?"
523:
6187:
The way of the ship: America's maritime history reenvisioned
6102:. Johannesburg: 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development
5579:
Tanker operations: a handbook for the person-in-charge (PIC)
3941:
3743:(Online-Ausg. ed.). Amsterdam: IOS Press. p. 290.
3496:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. p. Table 2.1.
2150:, with an equal capacity of 24,346 TEU was received by MSC.
346:
138:(3) Feeder or world-wide foreign-going vessel (as per trade)
6395:
5948:
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
5921:
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
5860:
5524:
5436:
5116:"MSC Shatters Records With Delivery Of 24,346TEU MSC Irina"
547:
6259:
Chia-Hsun Chan; Jingjing Xu; Dong-Ping Song (March 2014).
4439:"MSC vessel "Irina" is the world's largest container ship"
4351:
Maritime Transport Coordination Platform (November 2006).
1419:
count 2,837 container ships of 10,000 long tons
4737:(Press release). Archived from the original on 2017-05-05
324:
container ship unloading at the Zanzibar port in Tanzania
6120:(M.S. thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. Archived from
5497:"How Many Shipping Containers are Lost at Sea Annually?"
5450:
Survey Results for Containers Lost At Sea – 2014 Update
3138:
1519:
behind bulk carriers at 28.9% and oil tankers at 22.6%.
611:
The size of a Panamax vessel is limited by the original
6157:
Nichols, C. Reid; Williams, Robert G. (November 2008).
5562:(5th ed.). Cambridge, Md: Cornell Maritime Press.
4875:"STX reveals design for world's largest container ship"
4464:"OOCL Kicks Off New Generation of Ultra-Large Boxships"
3763:
2229:
Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten
550:. Into this frame is set one or more below-deck cargo
434:. The first commercially successful container ship was
3596:
Alphaliner: Verdens havne er ikke klar til gigantskibe
6113:
5983:"ISO's container standards are nothing but good news"
5618:
903:
Instead of the rotary cranes, some geared ships have
636:
Container ships under 3,000 TEU are generally called
5645:. West Sayville, NY: Peck & Hale. Archived from
5060:"Hafen muss Mega-Containerschiffen angepasst werden"
5030:
4921:"New designs on the world's biggest container ships"
4110:"Global containership fleet - TEUs 2017 | Statistic"
3628:
3273:
http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/autocarrier_1931_b_1.htm
3200:
3198:
3098:
3008:
1009:) are widely used to secure containers aboard ships.
203:
Reduced superstructure, containers stacked on deck,
5273:. Drewry Shipping Consultants Limited. 12 Mar 2017.
3737:van Ham, Hans; Rijsenbrij, Joan Rijsenbrij (2012).
3554:
3552:
2898:
is one of the largest container ships in the world.
236:. Container ships are a common means of commercial
184:
Typically 16–25 knots (30–46 km/h) (19-29 mph)
132:(1) Geared or gearless (as per cargo-handling type)
6229:
6096:More Troubled Waters: Fishing, Pollution, and FOCs
5865:
5597:
3775:. Hamburg: Reederei Blue Star GmbH. Archived from
2206:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
968:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
6551:Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)
6003:
5819:Bureau of Transportation Statistics 2007 (2008).
5557:
4240:Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2007, p. 80.
3736:
3195:
482:railway acquired the world's first purpose built
7091:
6079:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
5664:Sauerbier, Charles L.; Meurn, Robert J. (2004).
5600:Box boats: how container ships changed the world
5595:
5389:(Maritime insurers). Accessed: 26 February 2011.
5234:"Table 3.1. Container freight markets and rates"
4849:"Top 22 World's Largest Container Ships in 2024"
4754:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3549:
2138:, which had been delivered that same day by the
641:the most likely to carry cargo cranes on board.
27:Ship that carries cargo in intermodal containers
6330:
6327:about a voyage on a 21st-century container ship
4974:
4927:. Shipping Times UK. 2008-05-28. Archived from
4791:
4789:
4021:
4019:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3265:
2091:in March 2020 at the ECT Delta terminal in the
475:began to revolutionize freight transportation.
6142:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
6135:
5899:. New York: United Nations. pp. 144–146.
5398:
4492:"ONE Plans Six World's Largest Containerships"
3879:
3615:
3613:
3221:
2731:
911:The introduction and improvement of shoreside
6828:
6365:
5637:
4000:
3998:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3942:"Tailor made dedicated 53FT shipping service"
3888:
3872:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3796:
3561:"The Dali Is a Big Ship. But Not the Biggest"
3359:"First purpose-built cellular container ship"
2972:
1550:15 largest container ship classes, listed by
6205:"The container industry: The world in a box"
6189:. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
5619:Hayler, William B.; Keever, John M. (2003).
5440:, December 2008. Accessed: 26 February 2011.
5335:
5333:
5310:, published 7 July 2016, accessed 9 May 2023
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
4786:
4309:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4201:
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4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4016:
3840:
3838:
3533:
3517:
444:, which carried 58 metal containers between
285:The earliest container ships were converted
240:and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.
6087:International Transport Workers' Federation
6026:Cudahy, Brian J. (September–October 2006).
5852:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5666:Marine Cargo Operations: a guide to stowage
5199:
5160:
5038:"Maersk Line shipping containers worldwide"
4821:"EVER GLOBE (IMO 9786841) - Container Ship"
4424:
4422:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4183:
4181:
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3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3673:Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, 2006, p. 45.
3610:
3227:
3204:
3085:
3083:
3081:
2185:markets, ships are hired by three types of
1457:International Transport Workers' Federation
228:that carries all of its load in truck-size
6835:
6821:
6372:
6358:
6083:Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD
5782:
5443:
5403:. National Geographic News. Archived from
5370:
5368:
5174:
5172:
4486:
4484:
4386:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4318:"Is there a decent way to break up ships?"
4268:
4007:
3995:
3959:
3905:Meurn & Sauerbier, 2004, p. 1-19–1-21.
3885:Hayler & Keever, 2004, pp. 5-9 – 5-10.
3867:
3847:
3071:
3069:
3067:
6842:
6802:List of merchant navy capacity by country
6379:
6163:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 121–122.
6053:
5668:. Cambridge, Md: Cornell Maritime Press.
5581:. Cambridge, MD: Cornell Maritime Press.
5330:
5247:
5217:
5134:
4877:. SeaTrade Asia. May 2008. Archived from
4843:
4841:
3986:
3835:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3790:
3622:
3410:"Understanding Design Of Container Ships"
3248:
2966:in the Netherlands in the 10th position.
2251:2008–2009 freight rates in 1000 US$ /TEU
1999:Learn how and when to remove this message
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
5793:. Copenhagen: MAN Diesel. Archived from
5788:"Propulsion Trends in Container Vessels"
5640:"Container Stowage and Securing Systems"
5181:
4942:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4514:
4512:
4419:
4410:
4394:
4335:
4295:
4286:
4277:
4243:
4162:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4126:
4025:Meurn and Sauerbier, 2006, p. 1-38–1-40.
3676:
3657:
3655:
3286:
3078:
2995:
2888:
2488:
2081:
1506:
1043:
1000:
973:A system of three dimensions is used in
933:
877:Cargo cranes on a US navy container ship
872:
573:
345:
327:
315:
295:
280:
265:
5980:
5959:. New York and Geneva: United Nations.
5932:. New York and Geneva: United Nations.
5551:
5401:"Lost Sea Cargo: Beach Bounty or Junk?"
5365:
5208:
5190:
5169:
4481:
3669:
3667:
3186:
3064:
2912:or TEU of throughput. As of 2019, the
2904:List of world's busiest container ports
927:, a ship with a capacity of 9,600 TEU.
467:In the 1950s, a new standardized steel
361:There are two main types of dry cargo:
243:Container ship capacity is measured in
14:
7092:
7051:Container Shipping Information Service
6223:
6025:
5981:Bohlman, Michael T. (September 2001).
5604:. New York: Fordham University Press.
5494:
5459:, June 2014. Accessed: 16 August 2019.
5349:
5347:
5345:
5085:"Obergrenzen helfen Reedern und Häfen"
4838:
4797:"World's Largest Container Ship Named"
4315:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4218:
3864:Meurn & Sauerbier, 2004, pp. 1–16.
3815:
3581:
3579:
1051:Largest container ship operators, 2022
694:49.9 ft (15.2 m) and deeper
688:1,200 ft (366 m) and longer
6816:
6353:
6236:. Boston, MA: Butterworth Heinemann.
5696:MR Notice to Shipping Number N-1-2005
5576:
5514:
5418:
5355:"Lloyd's List One Hundred Ports 2020"
5283:
4731:"Ships for the long (and short) haul"
4537:
4509:
3652:
3558:
3489:
3304:
3295:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2026:In 2008 the South Korean shipbuilder
5683:
4582:. American Journal of Transportation
4445:. American Journal of Transportation
4431:
4344:
3876:Hayler & Keever, 2004, pp. 5–10.
3664:
3661:Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, 2009.
3571:from the original on March 30, 2024.
2954:Rounding out the top ten ports were
2505:Container freight markets and rates
2140:China State Shipbuilding Corporation
2126:The world's largest container ship,
1981:adding citations to reliable sources
1952:
1470:
691:160.7 ft (49 m) and wider
682:Ultra Large Container Vessel (ULCV)
29:
6868:Bureau International des Containers
5822:Maritime Trade & Transportation
5488:
5342:
4324:. International Labour Organization
4227:
3974:Meurn and Sauerbier, 2006, p. 1-35.
3576:
3546:Hayler & Keever, 2004, p. 15-3.
3530:Hayler & Keever, 2004, p. 15-2.
3436:""Cargo Packaging and unitization""
3147:. Huntingdon Valley, PA: Farlex Inc
1466:
1417:Bureau of Transportation Statistics
1040:lowered to pass under low bridges.
701:are able to transit the Suez canal.
473:United States Department of Defense
24:
6233:Maritime security: an introduction
5953:Review of Maritime Transport, 2012
5926:Review of Maritime Transport, 2010
5495:Stoltz, Ryan (February 27, 2022).
5166:Aragon & Messer, 2001, p. 233.
4707:"CMA CGM ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY"
4353:"3: The London Tonnage Convention"
2884:
996:
739:With a beam of 43 m, ships of the
569:
270:Container ships avoid the complex
25:
7131:
6797:International Chamber of Shipping
6645:Anchor handling tug supply vessel
6310:Loading sea-land vessels, c. 1962
6291:
6004:The New Scientist (22 May 1958).
5621:American Merchant Seaman's Manual
3490:Olsen, Alexander Arnfinn (2023).
3139:Houghton Mifflin Company (2003).
2176:
885:and those that do not are called
798:passing through the Panama Canal
586:Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse
511:, then commissioned in May 1964.
471:based on specifications from the
7073:
6886:
6439:
6304:
5531:
5470:"Freak waves spotted from space"
5462:
5392:
5361:from the original on 2020-08-31.
5313:
5300:
5277:
5263:
5226:
4900:"STX ponders 20,000 TEU boxship"
4735:John Churchill, AP Moller-Maersk
3804:. Oslo: Fearnleys AS. p. 90
3799:"Fearnley's Annual Review, 2004"
3037:Environmental impact of shipping
3011:
2225:Hamburg Shipbrokers' Association
2161:with a capacity of 24,136 TEUs.
1957:
1817:CMA CGM Antoine de Saint Exupery
1538:
1475:
834:
801:
755:
712:
98:
34:
7056:Shipping container architecture
5399:Janice Podsada (19 June 2001).
5284:Leach, Peter (7 January 2015).
5108:
5077:
5052:
5005:
4913:
4892:
4867:
4813:
4762:
4723:
4699:
4670:
4644:
4619:
4594:
4568:
4456:
4102:
4076:
4052:
4028:
3934:
3908:
3757:
3704:
3601:
3588:
3483:
3457:
3428:
3402:
3376:
3351:
3327:
3313:
3277:
3228:Lewandowski, Krzysztof (2014).
3042:List of largest container ships
1968:needs additional citations for
1545:List of largest container ships
862:
645:Container ship size categories
541:
251:, with the latter predominant.
6160:Encyclopedia of Marine Science
6114:Jankowski, William M. (2003).
5528:. Retrieved: 25 November 2010.
3559:Koeze, Ella (March 28, 2024).
3335:"Intermodal freight transport"
3177:
3168:
3159:
3131:
3092:
3052:Ship resistance and propulsion
2837:Mediterranean Shipping Company
2132:Mediterranean Shipping Company
1406:
1374:in 1980 to 169.0 million
1130:Fleet capacity, April 02, 2023
1005:Twist-locks and lashing rods (
946:
617:Panama Canal expansion project
509:McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co
13:
1:
5812:
5753:Autoridad del Canal de Panamá
5722:Autoridad del Canal de Panamá
5691:Autoridad del Canal de Panamá
4322:Sectoral Activities Programme
3057:
3047:List of world's longest ships
2497:UNCTAD also tracks container
6863:Intermodal freight transport
6331:Rodrigo de Larrucea, Jaime.
5974:
5241:Review of Maritime Transport
4902:. Turkish Maritime. May 2008
4682:www.hellenicshippingnews.com
3983:Peck and Hale, 2000, p. 1-4.
2910:twenty foot equivalent units
2193:, the time charter, and the
2051:-type series, a 20,000
1522:
1423:(DWT) or greater worldwide.
789:39.5 ft (12.04 m)
613:Panama canal's lock chambers
499:was the world's first fully
480:White Pass & Yukon Route
388:Delph to Manchester via the
245:twenty-foot equivalent units
238:intermodal freight transport
7:
6878:Twenty-foot equivalent unit
6230:Michael McNicholas (2008).
5862:Central Intelligence Agency
5321:GRI Shipping Increases 2023
4962:American Bureau of Shipping
4013:Peck and Hale, 2000, p. 10.
4004:Peck and Hale, 2000, p. 12.
3724:American Bureau of Shipping
3004:
2732:Shipping industry alliances
2510:$ per TEU from Shanghai to
786:106 ft (32.31 m)
782:965 ft (294.13 m)
736:49.9 ft (15.2 m)
730:1,200 ft (366 m)
590:2021 Suez Canal obstruction
54:. The specific problem is:
10:
7136:
6277:10.1016/j.ssci.2013.11.008
5546:
3992:Peck and Hale, 2000, p. 2.
2973:Losses and safety problems
2962:in South Korea at 6th and
2921:People's Republic of China
2901:
1542:
866:
733:160.7 ft (49 m)
554:, numerous tanks, and the
505:Adelaide Steamship Company
261:
7069:
7023:
6992:
6959:Rubber tyred gantry crane
6936:
6895:
6884:
6850:
6774:
6693:
6637:
6579:
6536:
6448:
6437:
6388:
6303:
6298:
5596:Cudahy, Brian J. (2006).
4360:Tonnage Measurement Study
4224:ICFTU et al., 2002, p. 7.
2828:
2794:
2764:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2556:United States East Coast
2533:United States West Coast
1484:This section needs to be
1361:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1289:
1284:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1232:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1134:
1129:
1030:
833:
821:
819:
817:
815:
754:
738:
735:
732:
729:
676:
163:
113:
97:
6091:Greenpeace International
6016:(79): 10. Archived from
5521:Sources of Marine Debris
5205:UNCTAD, 2010, pp. 85–89.
5187:Huber 2001, pp. 212–213.
4556:. News9 Live. 2024-03-27
4316:Bailey, Paul J. (2000).
4064:alphaliner.axsmarine.com
4040:alphaliner.axsmarine.com
3773:Reederei Blue Star Fleet
2737:Container ship industry
2210:Review of Maritime Trade
2117:Samsung Heavy Industries
1427:was the world's largest
794:Photo: The 4,224 TEU MV
625:comparable in size to a
533:Today, about 90% of non-
440:, a T2 tanker, owned by
418:, built up from surplus
254:Today, about 90% of non-
232:, in a technique called
6624:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
6523:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
6333:"Container Ship Safety"
6136:Levinson, Marc (2006).
5992:: 12–15. Archived from
5872:. Skyhorse Publishing.
5868:CIA World Factbook 2009
5623:. Cornell Maritime Pr.
5017:The Wall Street Journal
4524:Interesting Engineering
4274:UNCTAD 2010, p. 53, 57.
3765:Reederei Blue Star GmbH
3384:"Adelaide Steamship Co"
3000:Container fleet in 2006
2726:Trans-Siberian Railroad
2625:South America (Santos)
1797:COSCO Shipping Universe
584:, involved in the 2024
350:Open-top containership
249:ISO-standard containers
164:General characteristics
7061:Sun Modular Datacenter
7000:Refrigerated container
6665:Platform supply vessel
6478:Coastal trading vessel
6060:Horizon Lines web site
5638:Peck and Hale (2000).
5384:March 4, 2011, at the
4801:The Maritime Executive
4606:Hellenic Shipping News
4496:The Maritime Executive
3797:Fearnresearch (2005).
3714:Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller
3619:UNCTAD, 2010, p. xiii.
3585:MAN Diesel, 2009, p.6.
3001:
2899:
2648:South Africa (Durban)
2494:
2095:
1511:
1010:
943:
878:
745:Photo: The 9,500 TEU
707:Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller
593:
358:
343:
325:
313:
293:
278:
159:9,535 ships as of 2010
7115:Intermodal containers
6844:Intermodal containers
6650:Diving support vessel
6271:(925–7535): 168–178.
5375:Containers Overboard!
5327:, accessed 9 May 2023
5325:Freight Term Glossary
5306:European Commission,
4215:UNCTAD, 2010, pp. 85.
3844:UNCTAD, 2010, p. 100.
3832:Conrad, 1989, p. 249.
3363:Guiness World Records
3292:Meurn, 2004, pp. 1–3.
3283:Levinson, 2006, p. 1.
3183:Bohlman, 2001, p. 15.
3174:Bohlman, 2001, p. 13.
3165:Meurn, 2004, pp. 1–7.
2999:
2902:Further information:
2892:
2807:Ocean Network Express
2492:
2208:, tracks in its 2010
2157:took delivery of the
2155:Ocean Network Express
2085:
1937:COSCO Shipping Taurus
1757:CMA CGM Jacques Saadé
1510:
1063:– Switzerland / Italy
1044:Fleet characteristics
1004:
937:
876:
699:Maersk Triple E class
577:
349:
331:
319:
299:
284:
269:
230:intermodal containers
7080:Transport portal
6655:Emergency tow vessel
5577:Huber, Mark (2001).
5552:Shipboard operations
5260:UNCTAD, 2010, p. 89.
5223:UNCTAD, 2010, p. 88.
4341:UNCTAD, 2010, p. 35.
3769:"Bay Class Overview"
3701:UNCTAD, 2010, p. 32.
3630:The Associated Press
3594:Vesterager, Jacob. "
3310:Cudahy, 2004, p. 29.
3301:Cudahy, 2004, p. 19.
3192:UNCTAD, 2010, p. 84.
3100:Joint Chief of Staff
3075:UNCTAD, 2010, p. 33.
2773:COSCO Shipping Lines
2717:(a strategy called "
2218:late-2000s recession
2167:Imabari Shipbuilding
1977:improve this article
1461:flags of convenience
752:pierside in Hamburg
469:Intermodal container
65:improve this article
50:to meet Knowledge's
7120:Port infrastructure
7015:Flat rack container
6873:ISO 6346 (BIC code)
6782:Nautical operations
6726:Floating restaurant
6508:Lighter aboard ship
6224:Safety and security
6006:"News and Comments"
5424:Hauke Kite‐Powell.
5339:UNCTAD, 2010, p.97.
5214:Huber 2001, p. 225.
5196:Huber 2001, p. 213.
5178:Huber 2001, p. 212.
4774:Mitsui O.S.K. Lines
4498:. December 24, 2020
4428:UNCTAD 2010, p. 52.
4416:UNCTAD 2010, p. 53.
4407:UNCTAD 2010, p. 51.
4306:UNCTAD 2010, p. 50.
4292:UNCTAD 2010, p. 57.
4283:UNCTAD 2010, p. 56.
4159:UNCTAD 2010, p. 34.
4150:UNCTAD 2006, p. 19.
4141:UNCTAD 2010, p. 31.
4132:UNCTAD 2010, p. 30.
4088:Progressive Economy
3493:Merchant Ship Types
3250:10.22306/al.v1i4.25
2866:European Commission
2741:
2506:
2252:
2171:Japan Marine United
1554:
1054:
824:Photo: The 384 TEU
646:
289:in the 1940s after
276:break-bulk shipping
7105:Maritime transport
6984:Container spreader
6736:Merchant submarine
6411:Maritime transport
5455:2020-11-08 at the
5431:2021-03-20 at the
5042:www.maerskline.com
4750:cite press release
4468:Maritime Executive
4090:. 12 December 2012
3920:www.marinelink.com
3639:The New York Times
3565:The New York Times
3089:McNicholas, p. 45.
3032:Container on barge
3002:
2991:parametric rolling
2900:
2736:
2504:
2495:
2250:
2142:(CSSC). In April,
2096:
2069:Straits of Malacca
2012:Economies of scale
1549:
1512:
1285:Worldwide capacity
1048:
1011:
944:
879:
685:14,501 and higher
644:
629:bulk carrier or a
594:
488:Clifford J. Rogers
454:Waterman Steamship
446:Newark, New Jersey
398:Southern Railway's
359:
344:
326:
314:
294:
279:
192:Up to 24,000
7087:
7086:
6810:
6809:
6513:Livestock carrier
6416:Freight transport
6315:
6314:
6243:978-0-12-370859-5
6196:978-0-470-13600-3
6170:978-0-8160-5022-2
6149:978-0-691-12324-0
5966:978-92-1-112860-4
5939:978-92-1-112810-9
5906:978-92-1-120534-3
5879:978-1-60239-080-5
5684:Vessel categories
5675:978-0-87033-550-1
5630:978-0-87033-549-5
5611:978-0-8232-2568-2
5588:978-0-87033-528-0
5569:978-0-87033-379-8
5048:on July 14, 2011.
3946:www.carrier53.com
3922:. 31 October 2007
3503:978-1-032-37876-3
2864:In July 2016 the
2859:airline alliances
2854:
2853:
2714:
2713:
2487:
2486:
2093:Port of Rotterdam
2009:
2008:
2001:
1951:
1950:
1505:
1504:
1366:
1365:
1276:
1275:
1123:
1122:
860:
859:
538:freighter ships.
390:Bridgewater Canal
210:
209:
93:
92:
85:
52:quality standards
43:This article may
16:(Redirected from
7127:
7078:
7077:
6974:Terminal tractor
6969:Straddle carrier
6890:
6858:Containerization
6837:
6830:
6823:
6814:
6813:
6761:Semi-submersible
6746:Pipe-laying ship
6443:
6426:Maritime history
6374:
6367:
6360:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6337:
6308:
6307:
6296:
6295:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6200:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6153:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6101:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6062:. Archived from
6049:
6047:
6046:
6032:
6021:
6000:
5998:
5987:
5970:
5958:
5943:
5931:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5871:
5857:
5851:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5834:
5827:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5799:
5792:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5770:
5763:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5739:
5732:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5708:
5701:
5679:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5651:
5644:
5634:
5615:
5603:
5592:
5573:
5540:
5535:
5529:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5501:Container Addict
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5466:
5460:
5447:
5441:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5396:
5390:
5372:
5363:
5362:
5351:
5340:
5337:
5328:
5319:Freightos Ltd.,
5317:
5311:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5245:
5244:
5238:
5230:
5224:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5167:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5096:
5090:. Archived from
5089:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5062:. Archived from
5056:
5050:
5049:
5044:. Archived from
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4993:
4987:. Archived from
4986:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4793:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4753:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4684:. Archived from
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4654:. Archived from
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4546:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4516:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4417:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4357:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4293:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4225:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4014:
4011:
4005:
4002:
3993:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3886:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3865:
3862:
3845:
3842:
3833:
3830:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:on July 19, 2011
3761:
3755:
3754:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3674:
3671:
3662:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3574:
3572:
3556:
3547:
3544:
3531:
3528:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3440:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3390:. The Ships List
3388:TheShipsList.com
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3252:
3234:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3202:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3119:
3108:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3076:
3073:
3021:
3019:Transport portal
3016:
3015:
2914:Port of Shanghai
2754:Weekly services
2742:
2735:
2579:Northern Europe
2507:
2503:
2253:
2249:
2223:UNCTAD uses the
2195:bareboat charter
2189:agreements: the
2153:On June 2, 2023
2021:Singapore Strait
2004:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1984:
1961:
1953:
1555:
1548:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1467:Vessel purchases
1449:Marshall Islands
1282:
1281:
1127:
1126:
1055:
1047:
913:container cranes
898:container cranes
869:Lift-on/lift-off
838:
805:
759:
724:(or Neopanamax)
716:
647:
643:
578:The size of the
394:Second World War
367:break bulk cargo
310:Ho Chi Minh City
234:containerization
102:
95:
94:
88:
81:
77:
74:
68:
38:
37:
30:
21:
7135:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7100:Container ships
7090:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7072:
7065:
7019:
6988:
6949:Container crane
6932:
6891:
6882:
6846:
6841:
6811:
6806:
6770:
6751:Research vessel
6741:Narco-submarine
6689:
6633:
6575:
6561:Hydrogen tanker
6546:Chemical tanker
6532:
6493:Heavy-lift ship
6444:
6435:
6421:Merchant marine
6384:
6378:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6305:
6294:
6281:
6279:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6226:
6214:
6212:
6203:
6197:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6150:
6127:
6125:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6069:
6067:
6054:Horizon Lines.
6044:
6042:
6030:
6020:on 7 July 2014.
5996:
5985:
5977:
5967:
5956:
5940:
5929:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5845:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5815:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5790:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5699:
5686:
5676:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5642:
5631:
5612:
5589:
5570:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5532:
5519:
5515:
5505:
5503:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5457:Wayback Machine
5448:
5444:
5433:Wayback Machine
5423:
5419:
5410:
5408:
5407:on July 3, 2001
5397:
5393:
5386:Wayback Machine
5373:
5366:
5353:
5352:
5343:
5338:
5331:
5318:
5314:
5305:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5282:
5278:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5248:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5151:
5149:
5146:Offshore Energy
5140:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5123:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5069:
5067:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5022:
5020:
5011:
5010:
5006:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4964:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4934:
4932:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4905:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4884:
4882:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4855:. 11 April 2024
4847:
4846:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4825:Vessel Tracking
4819:
4818:
4814:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4776:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4747:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4715:
4713:
4711:www.cma-cgm.com
4705:
4704:
4700:
4691:
4689:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4661:
4659:
4658:on 9 March 2020
4650:
4649:
4645:
4635:
4633:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4569:
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4548:
4547:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4518:
4517:
4510:
4501:
4499:
4490:
4489:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4448:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4395:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4327:
4325:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4269:
4260:
4258:
4251:"FOC Countries"
4249:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4068:
4066:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4044:
4042:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3868:
3863:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3831:
3816:
3807:
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3801:
3795:
3791:
3782:
3780:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3735:
3728:
3726:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3677:
3672:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3577:
3557:
3550:
3545:
3534:
3529:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3136:
3132:
3123:
3121:
3120:on June 4, 2011
3117:
3106:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3079:
3074:
3065:
3060:
3017:
3010:
3007:
2975:
2906:
2887:
2885:Container ports
2879:legally binding
2765:Ocean Alliance
2734:
2179:
2005:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1974:
1962:
1619:ONE Innovation
1565:
1547:
1541:
1525:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1409:
1385:at 16.6 years,
1368:
1367:
1359:
1346:
1333:
1320:
1307:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1256:
1243:
1230:
1217:
1204:
1191:
1178:
1165:
1152:
1053:
1046:
1033:
999:
997:Lashing systems
949:
916:March 2010, at
871:
865:
823:
793:
783:
749:COSCO Guangzhou
744:
741:COSCO Guangzhou
702:
654:
572:
570:Size categories
544:
300:Container ship
264:
109:
108:container ships
89:
78:
72:
69:
62:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Container ships
15:
12:
11:
5:
7133:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7085:
7084:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7040:
7035:
7027:
7025:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7012:
7010:Tank container
7007:
7002:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6944:Container port
6940:
6938:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6908:Container ship
6905:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6892:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6840:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6817:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6721:Fishing vessel
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
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6647:
6641:
6639:
6635:
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6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6583:
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6576:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6503:Lake freighter
6500:
6495:
6490:
6488:Container ship
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6382:merchant ships
6377:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6328:
6313:
6312:
6301:
6300:
6299:External image
6293:
6292:External links
6290:
6289:
6288:
6265:Safety Science
6255:
6254:
6242:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6201:
6195:
6182:
6169:
6154:
6148:
6133:
6111:
6075:
6051:
6023:
6001:
5999:on 2008-04-09.
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5965:
5944:
5938:
5917:
5905:
5890:
5878:
5858:
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5587:
5574:
5568:
5553:
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5548:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5530:
5513:
5487:
5476:. 22 July 2004
5461:
5442:
5417:
5391:
5364:
5341:
5329:
5312:
5299:
5276:
5262:
5246:
5225:
5216:
5207:
5198:
5189:
5180:
5168:
5159:
5133:
5122:. Kelsey Media
5107:
5076:
5051:
5029:
5004:
4973:
4941:
4925:Shipping Times
4912:
4891:
4866:
4853:Marine Insight
4837:
4812:
4785:
4761:
4722:
4698:
4669:
4643:
4618:
4593:
4567:
4536:
4508:
4480:
4455:
4430:
4418:
4409:
4393:
4343:
4334:
4308:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4267:
4242:
4226:
4217:
4161:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4125:
4101:
4075:
4060:"PublicTop100"
4051:
4036:"PublicTop100"
4027:
4015:
4006:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3958:
3933:
3907:
3887:
3878:
3866:
3846:
3834:
3814:
3789:
3756:
3749:
3703:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3632:(2016-06-26).
3621:
3609:
3600:
3587:
3575:
3548:
3532:
3516:
3502:
3482:
3469:New York Times
3456:
3427:
3414:Marine Insight
3401:
3375:
3350:
3326:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3276:
3264:
3237:Acta Logistica
3220:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3130:
3102:(2005-08-31).
3091:
3077:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3006:
3003:
2974:
2971:
2927:in 1st place,
2886:
2883:
2852:
2851:
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2839:
2830:
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2822:
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2632:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
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2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:Mediterranean
2599:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
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2300:
2297:
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2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2227:(formally the
2191:voyage charter
2178:
2177:Freight market
2175:
2163:ONE Innovation
2159:ONE Innovation
2007:
2006:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1908:
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1900:
1893:
1889:
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1873:
1869:
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1809:
1808:
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1800:
1793:
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1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:OOCL Hong Kong
1773:
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1763:
1760:
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1597:
1596:
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1591:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1543:Main article:
1540:
1537:
1524:
1521:
1503:
1502:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1453:United Kingdom
1451:(118) and the
1408:
1405:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
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1344:
1342:
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1234:
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1131:
1125:
1124:
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1120:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1032:
1029:
998:
995:
948:
945:
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
832:
820:
818:
816:
814:
811:
807:
806:
799:
796:Providence Bay
790:
787:
784:
780:
777:
771:
770:
767:
761:
760:
753:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:10,000–14,500
725:
718:
717:
710:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
678:
675:
670:
665:
660:
651:
622:length overall
571:
568:
543:
540:
484:container ship
450:Houston, Texas
426:, and between
405:La Flèche d'Or
382:James Brindley
263:
260:
214:container ship
208:
207:
201:
197:
196:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
170:
166:
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161:
160:
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145:
144:
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139:
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133:
128:
124:
123:
122:Container ship
120:
116:
115:
114:Class overview
111:
110:
103:
91:
90:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7132:
7121:
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7108:
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7103:
7101:
7098:
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7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6954:Reach stacker
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6935:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
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6909:
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6898:
6894:
6889:
6879:
6876:
6874:
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6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6833:
6831:
6826:
6824:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6792:Admiralty law
6790:
6788:
6787:Affreightment
6785:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
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6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
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6543:
6541:
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6529:
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6509:
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6504:
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6499:
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6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
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6479:
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6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6447:
6442:
6432:
6431:Shipping line
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6375:
6370:
6368:
6363:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6334:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6324:The Economist
6321:– article in
6320:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6302:
6297:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6257:
6256:
6245:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6210:
6209:The Economist
6206:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6188:
6183:
6172:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6134:
6124:on 2011-06-29
6123:
6119:
6118:
6112:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6066:on 2010-12-27
6065:
6061:
6057:
6052:
6040:
6036:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6010:New Scientist
6007:
6002:
5995:
5991:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5962:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5935:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5918:
5908:
5902:
5898:
5897:
5891:
5881:
5875:
5870:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5849:
5835:on 2009-05-10
5831:
5824:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5800:on 2012-05-07
5796:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5771:on 2009-05-06
5767:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5740:on 2011-07-21
5736:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5709:on 2011-06-11
5705:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5671:
5667:
5662:
5652:on 2011-07-15
5648:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5622:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5580:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5561:
5556:
5555:
5539:
5534:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5517:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5446:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5421:
5406:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5336:
5334:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5309:
5303:
5287:
5280:
5272:
5271:"Ready to go"
5266:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5242:
5235:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5193:
5184:
5175:
5173:
5163:
5148:. 26 May 2023
5147:
5143:
5137:
5121:
5120:Ships Monthly
5117:
5111:
5097:on 2020-03-15
5093:
5086:
5080:
5066:on 2020-02-29
5065:
5061:
5055:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5018:
5014:
5008:
4994:on 2011-07-07
4990:
4983:
4977:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4945:
4931:on 2020-03-01
4930:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4901:
4895:
4881:on 2008-12-24
4880:
4876:
4870:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4790:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4757:
4751:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4688:on 2020-02-26
4687:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4555:
4554:news9live.com
4551:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4425:
4423:
4413:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4383:
4369:on 2007-03-30
4365:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4338:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4257:on 2010-07-18
4256:
4252:
4246:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4221:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4156:
4147:
4138:
4129:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4022:
4020:
4010:
4001:
3999:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3882:
3873:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3800:
3793:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3752:
3750:9781614991472
3746:
3742:
3741:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3707:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3616:
3614:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3582:
3580:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3199:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3146:
3142:
3134:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3009:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2984:marine debris
2980:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:THE Alliance
2793:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2743:
2740:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2719:slow steaming
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2499:freight rates
2491:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:Hamburg Index
2233:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2199:charter party
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:concept (for
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2003:
2000:
1992:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1966:This section
1964:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1677:HMM Algeciras
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1546:
1539:Largest ships
1536:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1499:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1394:liner service
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:bulk carriers
1379:
1377:
1373:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:– South Korea
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1008:
1003:
994:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
960:
958:
957:
941:
936:
932:
928:
926:
925:
919:
914:
909:
906:
905:gantry cranes
901:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
875:
870:
855:
853:Small feeder
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
841:
837:
830:
829:
828:TransAtlantic
812:
809:
808:
804:
800:
797:
791:
788:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
769:5,101–10,000
768:
766:
763:
762:
758:
751:
750:
742:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
711:
709:
708:
700:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
658:
652:
649:
648:
642:
639:
634:
632:
628:
623:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
591:
587:
583:
582:
576:
567:
563:
559:
557:
553:
549:
539:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
491:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:Malcom McLean
439:
438:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
392:. Before the
391:
387:
383:
378:
375:
370:
368:
364:
357:
353:
348:
342:
338:
335:
330:
323:
318:
311:
307:
303:
298:
292:
288:
283:
277:
273:
268:
259:
257:
252:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:containership
219:
216:(also called
215:
206:
202:
199:
198:
195:
191:
188:
187:
183:
180:
179:
175:
171:
168:
167:
162:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
101:
96:
87:
84:
76:
66:
61:
59:
53:
49:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
7071:
7046:(board game)
7043:
7030:
6913:Double-stack
6907:
6706:Crane vessel
6498:Hopper barge
6487:
6463:Bulk carrier
6339:. Retrieved
6322:
6280:. Retrieved
6268:
6264:
6247:. Retrieved
6232:
6213:. Retrieved
6211:. 2006-03-16
6208:
6186:
6174:. Retrieved
6159:
6138:
6126:. Retrieved
6122:the original
6116:
6104:. Retrieved
6095:
6068:. Retrieved
6064:the original
6059:
6043:. Retrieved
6038:
6034:
6018:the original
6013:
6009:
5994:the original
5990:ISO Bulletin
5989:
5952:
5925:
5910:. Retrieved
5895:
5883:. Retrieved
5867:
5837:. Retrieved
5830:the original
5821:
5802:. Retrieved
5795:the original
5773:. Retrieved
5766:the original
5757:
5742:. Retrieved
5735:the original
5726:
5711:. Retrieved
5704:the original
5695:
5665:
5654:. Retrieved
5647:the original
5620:
5599:
5578:
5559:
5533:
5523:
5516:
5504:. Retrieved
5500:
5490:
5478:. Retrieved
5473:
5464:
5445:
5435:
5420:
5409:. Retrieved
5405:the original
5394:
5377:
5324:
5315:
5302:
5290:. Retrieved
5279:
5265:
5240:
5228:
5219:
5210:
5201:
5192:
5183:
5162:
5150:. Retrieved
5145:
5136:
5124:. Retrieved
5119:
5110:
5099:. Retrieved
5092:the original
5079:
5068:. Retrieved
5064:the original
5054:
5046:the original
5041:
5032:
5021:. Retrieved
5019:. 2011-02-22
5016:
5007:
4996:. Retrieved
4989:the original
4982:"Alphaliner"
4976:
4965:. Retrieved
4957:
4951:
4944:
4933:. Retrieved
4929:the original
4924:
4915:
4904:. Retrieved
4894:
4883:. Retrieved
4879:the original
4869:
4857:. Retrieved
4852:
4828:. Retrieved
4824:
4815:
4804:. Retrieved
4800:
4777:. Retrieved
4773:
4764:
4739:. Retrieved
4734:
4725:
4714:. Retrieved
4710:
4701:
4690:. Retrieved
4686:the original
4681:
4672:
4660:. Retrieved
4656:the original
4646:
4634:. Retrieved
4630:
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4605:
4596:
4584:. Retrieved
4579:
4570:
4558:. Retrieved
4553:
4527:. Retrieved
4523:
4500:. Retrieved
4495:
4471:. Retrieved
4467:
4458:
4447:. Retrieved
4442:
4433:
4412:
4371:. Retrieved
4364:the original
4359:
4346:
4337:
4326:. Retrieved
4321:
4311:
4288:
4279:
4270:
4259:. Retrieved
4255:the original
4245:
4220:
4155:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4117:. Retrieved
4113:
4104:
4092:. Retrieved
4087:
4078:
4067:. Retrieved
4063:
4054:
4043:. Retrieved
4039:
4030:
4009:
3988:
3979:
3949:. Retrieved
3945:
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3919:
3910:
3881:
3806:. Retrieved
3792:
3781:. Retrieved
3777:the original
3772:
3759:
3739:
3727:. Retrieved
3719:
3713:
3706:
3643:. Retrieved
3637:
3624:
3603:
3590:
3564:
3507:. Retrieved
3492:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3471:. 2023-10-30
3468:
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3442:
3430:
3418:. Retrieved
3416:. 2019-07-22
3413:
3404:
3392:. Retrieved
3387:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3362:
3353:
3343:, retrieved
3341:, 2024-06-04
3338:
3329:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3267:
3240:
3236:
3223:
3206:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3144:
3141:"Break bulk"
3133:
3122:. Retrieved
3115:the original
3110:
3104:"Bulk cargo"
3094:
2988:
2976:
2968:
2953:
2918:
2907:
2893:
2863:
2855:
2829:2M Alliance
2723:
2715:
2496:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2222:
2214:freight rate
2209:
2203:
2180:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2146:sister ship
2143:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2103:14,000
2097:
2086:
2060:
2046:
2042:15,200
2040:
2025:
2010:
1995:
1986:
1975:Please help
1970:verification
1967:
1935:
1915:
1895:
1875:
1855:
1837:Madrid Mærsk
1835:
1815:
1795:
1775:
1755:
1735:
1715:
1695:
1675:
1655:
1635:
1583:
1552:TEU capacity
1533:
1526:
1517:
1513:
1496:January 2018
1493:
1485:
1410:
1398:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1050:
1034:
1025:
1012:
1006:
991:
986:
982:
978:
972:
963:
961:
953:
950:
940:athwartships
929:
923:
910:
902:
895:
890:
886:
882:
880:
863:Cargo cranes
856:Up to 1,000
848:1,001–2,000
827:
813:2,001–3,000
795:
779:3,001–5,100
765:Post-Panamax
748:
740:
706:
638:feeder ships
635:
610:
602:Post-Panamax
595:
579:
564:
560:
545:
542:Architecture
532:
528:semi-trailer
513:
495:
492:
487:
483:
477:
466:
457:
436:
413:
408:
401:Golden Arrow
379:
371:
360:
351:
339:arriving at
336:
306:Saigon River
301:
291:World War II
253:
242:
221:
217:
213:
211:
151:1956–present
79:
70:
63:Please help
55:
44:
6701:Cable layer
6694:Other types
6675:Salvage tug
6629:Train ferry
6619:Ocean liner
6604:Cruiseferry
6599:Cruise ship
6594:Cargo liner
6589:Cable ferry
6566:LNG carrier
6556:Gas carrier
6528:Train ferry
6518:Reefer ship
4954:(06151181)"
4952:Emma Maersk
3716:(13232687)"
3209:: 668–676.
2833:Maersk Line
2803:HMM Co Ltd.
2799:Hapag-Lloyd
2760:Port pairs
2693:East Japan
2121:MOL Triumph
2073:draft limit
1877:MOL Triumph
1603:OOCL Spain
1447:(139), the
1407:Flag states
1387:oil tankers
1297:million TEU
1199:Hapag-Lloyd
1085:Hapag-Lloyd
1067:Maersk Line
975:cargo plans
964:cell guides
947:Cargo holds
722:New Panamax
556:engine room
516:cargo ships
462:Port Newark
460:, left the
409:Autocarrier
374:stevedoring
302:Tan Cang 15
272:stevedoring
220:or spelled
205:bulbous bow
106:Maersk Line
67:if you can.
7110:Ship types
7094:Categories
6964:Sidelifter
6731:Icebreaker
6614:Narrowboat
6571:Oil tanker
6473:Chain boat
6401:Cargo ship
6249:2011-03-05
6215:2011-02-22
6128:2011-02-23
6106:2010-06-12
6070:2011-02-24
6045:2011-03-01
5912:2011-03-05
5885:2011-02-21
5839:2011-03-02
5813:Statistics
5804:2011-12-29
5784:MAN Diesel
5775:2011-03-06
5744:2011-03-06
5713:2008-04-01
5656:2011-03-01
5411:2008-04-08
5101:2016-03-14
5070:2016-03-14
5023:2011-02-22
4998:2018-12-28
4967:2011-03-13
4958:ABS Record
4935:2008-09-10
4906:2008-09-10
4885:2008-09-10
4806:2017-03-18
4779:2018-01-06
4741:2017-05-11
4716:2018-02-02
4692:2018-06-14
4502:2024-01-31
4449:2024-04-18
4373:2007-05-29
4328:2007-05-29
4261:2010-07-02
4119:2018-02-23
4069:2022-04-14
4045:2021-04-14
3808:2011-03-05
3783:2011-03-05
3720:ABS Record
3645:2016-06-26
3345:2024-06-19
3243:(4): 1–7.
3151:2011-02-22
3124:2011-02-22
3058:References
2979:containers
2895:CSCL Globe
2671:Singapore
2241:New ConTex
2183:bulk cargo
2148:MSC Loreto
2088:Ever Given
2065:Malaccamax
2061:Emma Mærsk
2048:Emma Mærsk
2017:Suez Canal
1989:April 2024
1917:Ever Goods
1897:Ever Glory
1717:MSC Gülsün
1429:flag state
1421:deadweight
1413:flag state
1401:shipowners
1021:twist-lock
1016:twist-lock
924:CSCL Pusan
918:Port Klang
867:See also:
831:at anchor
810:Feedermax
606:Neopanamax
535:bulk cargo
420:T2 tankers
363:bulk cargo
332:Container
287:T2 tankers
256:bulk cargo
226:cargo ship
176:since 1990
172:Typically
169:Propulsion
156:In service
127:Subclasses
58:discussion
7044:Container
6979:Twistlock
6896:Transport
6756:Riverboat
6716:Drillship
6581:Passenger
6468:Car float
6450:Dry cargo
6389:Overviews
5848:cite book
5506:April 15,
5480:6 October
5288:. JOC.com
4382:cite book
3443:ASEAN.org
3339:Knowledge
3259:1339-5629
3215:1822-296X
2964:Rotterdam
2956:Singapore
2945:Hong Kong
2937:Guangzhou
2811:Yang Ming
2777:Evergreen
2748:Partners
2745:Alliance
2739:alliances
2144:MSC Irina
2136:MSC Tessa
2128:MSC Irina
1857:MOL Truth
1637:MSC Tessa
1585:MSC Irina
1529:scrapping
1523:Scrapping
1441:Singapore
1251:Yang Ming
1212:Evergreen
1109:Yang Ming
1091:Evergreen
1087:– Germany
1069:– Denmark
356:Fremantle
352:Rhoneborg
312:, Vietnam
73:June 2024
6937:Handling
6928:Well car
6851:Overview
6766:Snagboat
6660:Fireboat
6341:19 April
6282:17 April
6093:(2002).
5950:(2012).
5923:(2010).
5864:(2009).
5786:(2009).
5755:(2009).
5724:(2006).
5693:(2005).
5474:BBC News
5453:Archived
5429:Archived
5382:Archived
5359:Archived
5292:23 March
5152:20 April
5126:19 April
4859:20 April
4830:20 April
4636:20 April
4611:20 April
4586:20 April
4580:ajot.com
4560:20 April
4529:19 April
4473:20 April
4443:ajot.com
4114:Statista
3951:26 March
3926:26 March
3767:(2011).
3569:Archived
3509:19 April
3475:19 April
3449:19 April
3420:19 April
3394:19 April
3368:19 April
3005:See also
2958:at 2nd,
2947:8th and
2933:Shenzhen
2925:Shanghai
2100:fuel oil
2077:Triple E
2019:and the
1737:MSC Mina
1697:HMM Oslo
1657:Ever Ace
1575:Sources
1569:Maximum
1117:– Israel
1111:– Taiwan
1093:– Taiwan
1075:– France
1007:pictured
922:MV
891:gearless
887:ungeared
826:MV
747:MV
677:Example
653:Capacity
633:tanker.
627:capesize
501:cellular
496:Kooringa
341:Greenock
189:Capacity
45:require
7038:BBC Box
7032:The Box
6923:Flatcar
6918:Drayage
6903:Chassis
6775:Related
6711:Dredger
6685:Tugboat
6638:Support
6538:Tankers
6483:Collier
6380:Modern
6176:8 March
6035:TR News
5975:History
5547:Sources
5379:TT Club
4662:28 July
4094:30 June
3271:| url=
3027:BBC Box
2949:Tianjin
2941:Qingdao
2923:, with
2769:CMA CGM
2456:Europe
2427:Europe
2395:Europe
2360:Europe
2187:charter
1945:20,119
1925:20,124
1905:20,160
1885:20,170
1865:20,182
1845:20,568
1825:20,954
1805:21,237
1785:21,413
1765:23,112
1745:23,656
1725:23,756
1705:23,792
1685:23,964
1665:23,992
1645:24,116
1625:24,136
1609:24,188
1593:24,346
1486:updated
1443:(177),
1439:(248),
1437:Germany
1435:(415),
1433:Liberia
1358:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1268:
1255:
1242:
1233:1534426
1229:
1220:1668555
1216:
1207:1798866
1203:
1194:2886908
1190:
1181:3409776
1177:
1173:CMA CGM
1168:4185693
1164:
1155:4832709
1151:
1099:– Japan
1081:– China
1073:CMA CGM
956:coaming
775:Panamax
703:Photo:
631:Suezmax
598:Panamax
581:MV Dali
458:Ideal X
437:Ideal X
428:Seattle
424:Denmark
416:tankers
386:Worsley
304:on the
262:History
224:) is a
218:boxship
47:cleanup
6680:Tender
6670:Pusher
6240:
6193:
6167:
6146:
5963:
5936:
5903:
5876:
5672:
5627:
5608:
5585:
5566:
3747:
3500:
3257:
3213:
2929:Ningbo
2850:1,152
2824:1,327
2790:1,571
2757:Ports
2751:Ships
1558:Built
1459:to be
1445:Cyprus
1425:Panama
1272:566935
1259:705614
1246:816365
1160:Maersk
1031:Bridge
954:hatch
883:geared
844:Feeder
663:Length
486:, the
432:Alaska
334:feeder
322:Delmas
174:diesel
7024:Other
6993:Types
6609:Ferry
6458:Barge
6406:Cargo
6336:(PDF)
6100:(PDF)
6041:: 5–9
6031:(PDF)
5997:(PDF)
5986:(PDF)
5957:(PDF)
5930:(PDF)
5833:(PDF)
5826:(PDF)
5798:(PDF)
5791:(PDF)
5769:(PDF)
5762:(PDF)
5738:(PDF)
5731:(PDF)
5707:(PDF)
5700:(PDF)
5650:(PDF)
5643:(PDF)
5237:(PDF)
5095:(PDF)
5088:(PDF)
4992:(PDF)
4985:(PDF)
4367:(PDF)
4356:(PDF)
3802:(PDF)
3729:1 May
3439:(PDF)
3233:(PDF)
3118:(PDF)
3107:(PDF)
2960:Busan
2951:9th.
2943:7th,
2939:5th,
2935:4th,
2931:3rd,
2643:1103
2620:1253
2597:1161
2574:3720
2551:1970
2528:2014
2459:U.S.
2424:U.S.
2392:Asia
2363:Asia
2331:Asia
2328:U.S.
2299:U.S.
2296:Asia
2265:2009
2262:2008
2256:From
2231:e. V.
1932:2018
1912:2018
1892:2019
1872:2017
1852:2017
1832:2017
1812:2018
1792:2018
1772:2017
1752:2020
1732:2019
1712:2019
1692:2020
1672:2020
1652:2021
1632:2023
1616:2023
1600:2023
1580:2023
1566:size
1564:Class
1561:Name
1186:COSCO
1135:fleet
1079:COSCO
1037:SOLAS
673:Draft
650:Name
552:holds
524:truck
520:train
507:with
337:Helga
200:Notes
181:Speed
148:Built
7005:SECU
6396:Ship
6343:2012
6284:2024
6238:ISBN
6191:ISBN
6178:2011
6165:ISBN
6144:ISBN
5961:ISBN
5934:ISBN
5901:ISBN
5874:ISBN
5854:link
5670:ISBN
5625:ISBN
5606:ISBN
5583:ISBN
5564:ISBN
5525:NOAA
5508:2022
5482:2009
5437:NOAA
5294:2015
5154:2024
5128:2024
4861:2024
4832:2024
4756:link
4664:2017
4638:2024
4631:SCMP
4613:2024
4588:2024
4562:2024
4531:2024
4475:2024
4388:link
4096:2015
3953:2024
3928:2024
3745:ISBN
3731:2014
3511:2024
3498:ISBN
3477:2024
3451:2024
3422:2024
3396:2024
3370:2024
3255:ISSN
3211:ISSN
2841:223
2815:241
2781:323
2724:The
2710:273
2688:233
2666:760
2660:1047
2654:1481
2651:1495
2640:1380
2637:1771
2634:1483
2631:2236
2628:2429
2617:1151
2614:1336
2608:1739
2605:1397
2594:1084
2591:1353
2585:1789
2582:1395
2571:3290
2568:3416
2565:3008
2562:3499
2559:2367
2548:2033
2545:2287
2542:1667
2539:2308
2536:1372
2525:2013
2522:2012
2519:2011
2516:2010
2513:2009
2483:1.3
2480:1.1
2477:1.2
2474:1.3
2471:1.6
2468:1.6
2465:1.6
2462:1.6
2451:1.5
2448:1.4
2445:1.4
2442:1.5
2439:1.7
2436:1.6
2433:1.4
2430:1.3
2419:1.4
2416:1.0
2413:0.9
2410:1.0
2407:1.6
2404:1.8
2401:1.9
2398:2.0
2387:0.9
2384:0.8
2381:0.7
2378:0.9
2375:1.1
2372:1.1
2369:1.1
2366:1.0
2355:0.9
2352:0.8
2349:0.8
2346:0.9
2343:1.2
2340:1.2
2337:1.0
2334:0.8
2323:1.3
2320:1.2
2317:1.4
2314:1.7
2311:1.9
2308:1.9
2305:1.8
2302:1.8
2204:The
2169:and
2036:beam
1362:20.3
1354:2017
1349:15.4
1341:2012
1336:10.6
1328:2008
1315:2000
1302:1990
1290:year
987:tier
668:Beam
548:keel
478:The
448:and
430:and
365:and
119:Name
104:Two
6273:doi
6039:246
3245:doi
2871:EEA
2847:76
2844:25
2821:78
2818:32
2787:95
2784:40
2707:346
2704:345
2701:337
2698:316
2685:231
2682:256
2679:210
2676:318
2663:805
2657:991
2611:973
2588:881
2291:Q4
2288:Q3
2285:Q2
2282:Q1
2279:Q4
2276:Q3
2273:Q2
2270:Q1
2259:To
2109:TEU
2105:TEU
2057:TEU
2053:TEU
2044:TEU
2032:TEU
2028:STX
1979:by
1842:11
1742:10
1571:TEU
1376:DWT
1372:DWT
1323:4.3
1310:1.5
1264:ZIM
1238:HMM
1225:ONE
1147:MSC
1142:TEU
1115:ZIM
1103:HMM
1097:ONE
1061:MSC
983:row
979:bay
889:or
705:MV
657:TEU
526:or
494:MV
354:at
308:in
274:of
194:TEU
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