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subjective, first-person causal powers by being essentially intentional due to the way human brains function biologically; conscious persons can perform computations, but consciousness is not inherently computational the way computer programs are. To make a Turing machine that speaks
Chinese, Searle imagines a room with one monolingual English speaker (Searle himself, in fact), a book that designates a combination of Chinese symbols to be output paired with Chinese symbol input, and boxes filled with Chinese symbols. In this case, the English speaker is acting as a computer and the rulebook as a program. Searle argues that with such a machine, he would be able to process the inputs to outputs perfectly without having any understanding of Chinese, nor having any idea what the questions and answers could possibly mean. If the experiment were done in English, since Searle knows English, he would be able to take questions and give answers without any algorithms for English questions, and he would be effectively aware of what was being said and the purposes it might serve. Searle would pass the Turing test of answering the questions in both languages, but he is only conscious of what he is doing when he speaks English. Another way of putting the argument is to say that computer programs can pass the Turing test for processing the syntax of a language, but that the syntax cannot lead to semantic meaning in the way strong AI advocates hoped.
1901:. Although dream sleep and non-dream sleep appear very similar to an outside observer, each is associated with a distinct pattern of brain activity, metabolic activity, and eye movement; each is also associated with a distinct pattern of experience and cognition. During ordinary non-dream sleep, people who are awakened report only vague and sketchy thoughts, and their experiences do not cohere into a continuous narrative. During dream sleep, in contrast, people who are awakened report rich and detailed experiences in which events form a continuous progression, which may however be interrupted by bizarre or fantastic intrusions. Thought processes during the dream state frequently show a high level of irrationality. Both dream and non-dream states are associated with severe disruption of memory: it usually disappears in seconds during the non-dream state, and in minutes after awakening from a dream unless actively refreshed.
1783:(differentiation) because it integrates those details from our sensory systems, while the integrative nature of consciousness in this view easily explains how our experience can seem unified as one whole despite all of these individual parts. However, it remains unspecified which kinds of information are integrated in a conscious manner and which kinds can be integrated without consciousness. Nor is it explained what specific causal role conscious integration plays, nor why the same functionality cannot be achieved without consciousness. Obviously not all kinds of information are capable of being disseminated consciously (e.g., neural activity related to vegetative functions, reflexes, unconscious motor programs, low-level perceptual analyzes, etc.) and many kinds of information can be disseminated and combined with other kinds without consciousness, as in intersensory interactions such as the
844:, who focused on systematic errors in perception, memory and decision-making, has differentiated between two kinds of mental processes, or cognitive "systems": the "fast" activities that are primary, automatic and "cannot be turned off", and the "slow", deliberate, effortful activities of a secondary system "often associated with the subjective experience of agency, choice, and concentration". Kahneman's two systems have been described as "roughly corresponding to unconscious and conscious processes". The two systems can interact, for example in sharing the control of attention. While System 1 can be impulsive, "System 2 is in charge of self-control", and "When we think of ourselves, we identify with System 2, the conscious, reasoning self that has beliefs, makes choices, and decides what to think about and what to do".
2193:, characterized by an inability to direct action or attention toward objects located to the left with respect to their bodies. Patients with hemispatial neglect are often paralyzed on the left side of the body, but sometimes deny being unable to move. When questioned about the obvious problem, the patient may avoid giving a direct answer, or may give an explanation that does not make sense. Patients with hemispatial neglect may also fail to recognize paralyzed parts of their bodies: one frequently mentioned case is of a man who repeatedly tried to throw his own paralyzed right leg out of the bed he was lying in, and when asked what he was doing, complained that somebody had put a dead leg into the bed with him. An even more striking type of anosognosia is
1978:(sensing the body); input-processing (seeing meaning); emotions; memory; time sense; sense of identity; evaluation and cognitive processing; motor output; and interaction with the environment. Each of these, in his view, could be altered in multiple ways by drugs or other manipulations. The components that Tart identified have not, however, been validated by empirical studies. Research in this area has not yet reached firm conclusions, but a recent questionnaire-based study identified eleven significant factors contributing to drug-induced states of consciousness: experience of unity; spiritual experience; blissful state; insightfulness; disembodiment; impaired control and cognition; anxiety; complex imagery; elementary imagery; audio-visual
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great leg of and she never left us a farthing all for masses for herself and her soul greatest miser ever was actually afraid to lay out 4d for her methylated spirit telling me all her ailments she had too much old chat in her about politics and earthquakes and the end of the world let us have a bit of fun first God help the world if all the women were her sort down on bathingsuits and lownecks of course nobody wanted her to wear them I suppose she was pious because no man would look at her twice I hope Ill never be like her a wonder she didnt want us to cover our faces but she was a well-educated woman certainly and her gabby talk about Mr
Riordan here and Mr Riordan there I suppose he was glad to get shut of her.
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five senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or touch sensations), or a thought (relating to the past, present or the future) that happen to arise in the mind. The mental events generated as a result of these triggers are: feelings, perceptions and intentions/behaviour. The moment-by-moment manifestation of the mind-stream is said to happen in every person all the time. It even happens in a scientist who analyzes various phenomena in the world, or analyzes the material body including the organ brain. The manifestation of the mindstream is also described as being influenced by physical laws, biological laws, psychological laws, volitional laws, and universal laws. The purpose of the
Buddhist practice of
2030:. There are two commonly used methods for assessing the level of consciousness of a patient: a simple procedure that requires minimal training, and a more complex procedure that requires substantial expertise. The simple procedure begins by asking whether the patient is able to move and react to physical stimuli. If so, the next question is whether the patient can respond in a meaningful way to questions and commands. If so, the patient is asked for name, current location, and current day and time. A patient who can answer all of these questions is said to be "alert and oriented times four" (sometimes denoted "A&Ox4" on a medical chart), and is usually considered fully conscious.
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extensive cognitive repertoire of birdsâthere are comparative neuroanatomical ways to validate some of the principal, currently competing, mammalian consciousnessâbrain theories. The rationale for such a comparative study is that the avian brain deviates structurally from the mammalian brain. So how similar are they? What homologs can be identified? The general conclusion from the study by Butler, et al., is that some of the major theories for the mammalian brain also appear to be valid for the avian brain. The structures assumed to be critical for consciousness in mammalian brains have homologous counterparts in avian brains. Thus the main portions of the theories of
1543:, and Cotterill seem to be compatible with the assumption that birds are conscious. Edelman also differentiates between what he calls primary consciousness (which is a trait shared by humans and non-human animals) and higher-order consciousness as it appears in humans alone along with human language capacity. Certain aspects of the three theories, however, seem less easy to apply to the hypothesis of avian consciousness. For instance, the suggestion by Crick and Koch that layer 5 neurons of the mammalian brain have a special role, seems difficult to apply to the avian brain, since the avian homologs have a different morphology. Likewise, the theory of
1260:, by postulating an invisible entity that is not necessary to explain what we observe. Some philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett in a research paper titled "The Unimagined Preposterousness of Zombies", argue that people who give this explanation do not really understand what they are saying. More broadly, philosophers who do not accept the possibility of zombies generally believe that consciousness is reflected in behavior (including verbal behavior), and that we attribute consciousness on the basis of behavior. A more straightforward way of saying this is that we attribute experiences to people because of what they can
2478:(such as qualia or binding) having no innate (preloaded) philosophical knowledge on these issues, no philosophical discussions while learning, and no informational models of other creatures in its memory (such models may implicitly or explicitly contain knowledge about these creatures' consciousness). However, this test can be used only to detect, but not refute the existence of consciousness. A positive result proves that a machine is conscious but a negative result proves nothing. For example, absence of philosophical judgments may be caused by lack of the machine's intellect, not by absence of consciousness.
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about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong. Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals due to the fact that he believed only humans have a non-physical mind. Most people have a strong intuition that some animals, such as cats and dogs, are conscious, while others, such as insects, are not; but the sources of this intuition are not obvious, and are often based on personal interactions with pets and other animals they have observed.
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deliver one's primary knowledge of one's mental life. An experience or other mental entity is 'phenomenally conscious' just in case there is 'something it is like' for one to have it. The clearest examples are: perceptual experience, such as tastings and seeings; bodily-sensational experiences, such as those of pains, tickles and itches; imaginative experiences, such as those of one's own actions or perceptions; and streams of thought, as in the experience of thinking 'in words' or 'in images'. Introspection and phenomenality seem independent, or dissociable, although this is controversial.
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phenomenal experience of stimulus intensity (brightness, contrast). In the research group of Danko NikoliÄ it has been shown that some of the changes in the subjectively perceived brightness correlated with the modulation of firing rates while others correlated with the modulation of neural synchrony. An fMRI investigation suggested that these findings were strictly limited to the primary visual areas. This indicates that, in the primary visual areas, changes in firing rates and synchrony can be considered as neural correlates of qualiaâat least for some type of qualia.
1621:(IIT) postulates that consciousness resides in the information being processed and arises once the information reaches a certain level of complexity. Additionally, IIT is one of the only leading theories of consciousness that attempts to create a 1:1 mapping between conscious states and precise, formal mathematical descriptions of those mental states. Proponents of this model suggest that it may provide a physical grounding for consciousness in neurons, as they provide the mechanism by which information is integrated.
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1377:, which means treating verbal reports as stories that may or may not be true, but his ideas about how to do this have not been widely adopted. Another issue with verbal report as a criterion is that it restricts the field of study to humans who have language: this approach cannot be used to study consciousness in other species, pre-linguistic children, or people with types of brain damage that impair language. As a third issue, philosophers who dispute the validity of the
648:'Things' have been doubted, but thoughts and feelings have never been doubted. The outer world, but never the inner world, has been denied. Everyone assumes that we have direct introspective acquaintance with our thinking activity as such, with our consciousness as something inward and contrasted with the outer objects which it knows. Yet I must confess that for my part I cannot feel sure of this conclusion. It seems as if consciousness as an inner activity were rather a
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2046:, which yields a number in the range 3â15, with a score of 3 to 8 indicating coma, and 15 indicating full consciousness. The Glasgow Coma Scale has three subscales, measuring the best motor response (ranging from "no motor response" to "obeys commands"), the best eye response (ranging from "no eye opening" to "eyes opening spontaneously") and the best verbal response (ranging from "no verbal response" to "fully oriented"). There is also a simpler
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1410:. The test examines whether animals are able to differentiate between seeing themselves in a mirror versus seeing other animals. The classic example involves placing a spot of coloring on the skin or fur near the individual's forehead and seeing if they attempt to remove it or at least touch the spot, thus indicating that they recognize that the individual they are seeing in the mirror is themselves. Humans (older than 18 months) and other
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1248:, that is, people who think it is possible in principle to have an entity that is physically indistinguishable from a human being and behaves like a human being in every way but nevertheless lacks consciousness. Related issues have also been studied extensively by Greg Littmann of the University of Illinois, and by Colin Allen (a professor at the University of Pittsburgh) regarding the literature and research studying
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by some experimental data and theoretical arguments; nevertheless humans can perceive visual inputs in the peripheral visual field arising from bottom-up V1 neural activities. Meanwhile, bottom-up V1 activities for the central visual fields can be vetoed, and thus made invisible to perception, by the top-down feedback, when these bottom-up signals are inconsistent with the brain's internal model of the visual world.
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1956:, and others in this group can produce major distortions of perception, including hallucinations; some users even describe their drug-induced experiences as mystical or spiritual in quality. The brain mechanisms underlying these effects are not as well understood as those induced by use of alcohol, but there is substantial evidence that alterations in the brain system that uses the chemical neurotransmitter
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2608:, distinguished between three types of consciousness: 'Simple Consciousness', awareness of the body, possessed by many animals; 'Self Consciousness', awareness of being aware, possessed only by humans; and 'Cosmic Consciousness', awareness of the life and order of the universe, possessed only by humans who have attained "intellectual enlightenment or illumination".
840:ârequires no agreed definition of "consciousness" but studies the interaction of many processes besides perception. For some researchers, consciousness is linked to some kind of "selfhood", for example to certain pragmatic issues such as the feeling of agency and the effects of regret and action on experience of one's own body or social identity. Similarly
627:, 'personal consciousness' is one of the terms in question. Its meaning we know so long as no one asks us to define it, but to give an accurate account of it is the most difficult of philosophic tasks. The only states of consciousness that we naturally deal with are found in personal consciousnesses, minds, selves, concrete particular I's and you's.
1638:. In that theory, specific cortical areas, notably in the superior temporal sulcus and the temporo-parietal junction, are used to build the construct of awareness and attribute it to other people. The same cortical machinery is also used to attribute awareness to oneself. Damage to these cortical regions can lead to deficits in consciousness such as
232:, which translates literally as "knowing with oneself", or in other words "sharing knowledge with oneself about something". This phrase has the figurative sense of "knowing that one knows", which is something like the modern English word "conscious", but it was rendered into English as "conscious to oneself" or "conscious unto oneself". For example,
1003:), yet its back is countless thousands of miles across and its wings are like clouds arcing across the heavens. "Like Of a Flock, whose wings arc across the heavens, the wings of your consciousness span to the horizon. At the same time, the wings of every other being's consciousness span to the horizon. You are of a flock, one bird among kin."
1190:. Some of these QM theories offer descriptions of phenomenal consciousness, as well as QM interpretations of access consciousness. None of the quantum mechanical theories have been confirmed by experiment. Recent publications by G. Guerreshi, J. Cia, S. Popescu, and H. Briegel could falsify proposals such as those of Hameroff, which rely on
1360:. In the majority of experiments that are specifically about consciousness, the subjects are human, and the criterion used is verbal report: in other words, subjects are asked to describe their experiences, and their descriptions are treated as observations of the contents of consciousness. For example, subjects who stare continuously at a
1218:(which is, roughly speaking, the question of how mental experience can arise from a physical basis), a more specialized question is how to square the subjective notion that we are in control of our decisions (at least in some small measure) with the customary view of causality that subsequent events are caused by prior events. The topic of
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that has been developed by neurologists and other medical professionals who deal with patients whose behavior is impaired. In either case, the ultimate goals are to develop techniques for assessing consciousness objectively in humans as well as other animals, and to understand the neural and psychological mechanisms that underlie it.
2234:", calling theory of mind "necessary for autobiographical consciousness" and defining it as "understanding differences between one's own mind and others' minds in terms of beliefs, desires, emotions and thoughts". They write, "The hallmark of theory of mind, the understanding of false belief, occurs ... at five to six years of age".
2318:"We decided to reach a consensus and make a statement directed to the public that is not scientific. It's obvious to everyone in this room that animals have consciousness, but it is not obvious to the rest of the world. It is not obvious to the rest of the Western world or the Far East. It is not obvious to the society."
924:(A-consciousness), though these terms had been used before Block. P-consciousness, according to Block, is raw experience: it is moving, colored forms, sounds, sensations, emotions and feelings with our bodies and responses at the center. These experiences, considered independently of any impact on behavior, are called
870:. Issues of practical concern include how the level of consciousness can be assessed in severely ill, comatose, or anesthetized people, and how to treat conditions in which consciousness is impaired or disrupted. The degree or level of consciousness is measured by standardized behavior observation scales such as the
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altered states occur naturally; others can be produced by drugs or brain damage. Altered states can be accompanied by changes in thinking, disturbances in the sense of time, feelings of loss of control, changes in emotional expression, alternations in body image and changes in meaning or significance.
1627:(Orch OR) postulates that consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons. The mechanism is held to be a quantum process called objective reduction that is orchestrated by cellular structures called microtubules. However the details of the mechanism would go beyond current quantum theory.
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In the literature concerning artificial intelligence, Searle's essay has been second only to Turing's in the volume of debate it has generated. Searle himself was vague about what extra ingredients it would take to make a machine conscious: all he proposed was that what was needed was "causal powers"
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Of the eight types of consciousness in the Lycan classification, some are detectable in utero and others develop years after birth. Psychologist and educator
William Foulkes studied children's dreams and concluded that prior to the shift in cognitive maturation that humans experience during ages five
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has put forth one such potential adaptive advantage gained by conscious creatures by suggesting that consciousness allows an individual to make distinctions between appearance and reality. This ability would enable a creature to recognize the likelihood that their perceptions are deceiving them (e.g.
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remains a topic of ongoing scientific inquiry. The survival value of consciousness is still a matter of exploration and understanding. While consciousness appears to play a crucial role in human cognition, decision-making, and self-awareness, its adaptive significance across different species remains
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in 1988. Baars explains the theory with the metaphor of a theater, with conscious processes represented by an illuminated stage. This theater integrates inputs from a variety of unconscious and otherwise autonomous networks in the brain and then broadcasts them to unconscious networks (represented in
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reflect the visual perception in the situation when conflicting visual images are presented to different eyes (i.e., bistable percepts during binocular rivalry). Furthermore, top-down feedback from higher to lower visual brain areas may be weaker or absent in the peripheral visual field, as suggested
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regarding the neural bases of arousal and purposeful movement is very extensive. Their reliability as indicators of consciousness is disputed, however, due to numerous studies showing that alert human subjects can be induced to behave purposefully in a variety of ways in spite of reporting a complete
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Although verbal report is in practice the "gold standard" for ascribing consciousness, it is not the only possible criterion. In medicine, consciousness is assessed as a combination of verbal behavior, arousal, brain activity, and purposeful movement. The last three of these can be used as indicators
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of alterations in consciousness produced by trauma, illness, or drugs. Broadly viewed, scientific approaches are based on two core concepts. The first identifies the content of consciousness with the experiences that are reported by human subjects; the second makes use of the concept of consciousness
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There is also debate over whether or not A-consciousness and P-consciousness always coexist or if they can exist separately. Although P-consciousness without A-consciousness is more widely accepted, there have been some hypothetical examples of A without P. Block, for instance, suggests the case of a
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It is difficult for modern
Western man to grasp that the Greeks really had no concept of consciousness in that they did not class together phenomena as varied as problem solving, remembering, imagining, perceiving, feeling pain, dreaming, and acting on the grounds that all these are manifestations of
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could pass the test, yet fail to be conscious. A third group of scholars have argued that with technological growth once machines begin to display any substantial signs of human-like behavior then the dichotomy (of human consciousness compared to human-like consciousness) becomes passé and issues of
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The medical approach to consciousness is scientifically oriented. It derives from a need to treat people whose brain function has been impaired as a result of disease, brain damage, toxins, or drugs. In medicine, conceptual distinctions are considered useful to the degree that they can help to guide
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Other philosophers, however, have suggested that consciousness would not be necessary for any functional advantage in evolutionary processes. No one has given a causal explanation, they argue, of why it would not be possible for a functionally equivalent non-conscious organism (i.e., a philosophical
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Verbal report is widely considered to be the most reliable indicator of consciousness, but it raises a number of issues. For one thing, if verbal reports are treated as observations, akin to observations in other branches of science, then the possibility arises that they may contain errorsâbut it is
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goal is to find the "neural correlates of consciousness" (NCC). One criticism of this goal is that it begins with a theoretical commitment to the neurological origin of all "experienced phenomena" whether inner or outer. Also, the fact that the easiest 'content of consciousness' to be so analyzed is
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The topic of animal consciousness is beset by a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in an especially severe form, because non-human animals, lacking the ability to express human language, cannot tell humans about their experiences. Also, it is difficult to reason objectively
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There are some brain states in which consciousness seems to be absent, including dreamless sleep or coma. There are also a variety of circumstances that can change the relationship between the mind and the world in less drastic ways, producing what are known as altered states of consciousness. Some
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about which animals other than humans can be said to possess it. Edelman has described this distinction as that of humans possessing higher-order consciousness while sharing the trait of primary consciousness with non-human animals (see previous paragraph). Thus, any examination of the evolution of
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The most commonly given answer is that we attribute consciousness to other people because we see that they resemble us in appearance and behavior; we reason that if they look like us and act like us, they must be like us in other ways, including having experiences of the sort that we do. There are,
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Philosophers differ from non-philosophers in their intuitions about what consciousness is. While most people have a strong intuition for the existence of what they refer to as consciousness, skeptics argue that this intuition is too narrow, either because the concept of consciousness is embedded in
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To most philosophers, the word "consciousness" connotes the relationship between the mind and the world. To writers on spiritual or religious topics, it frequently connotes the relationship between the mind and God, or the relationship between the mind and deeper truths that are thought to be more
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Yes because he never did a thing like that before as ask to get his breakfast in bed with a couple of eggs since the City Arms hotel when he used to be pretending to be laid up with a sick voice doing his highness to make himself interesting for that old faggot Mrs
Riordan that he thought he had a
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or "mental continuum". Buddhist teachings describe that consciousness manifests moment to moment as sense impressions and mental phenomena that are continuously changing. The teachings list six triggers that can result in the generation of different mental events. These triggers are input from the
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Research conducted on the effects of partial epileptic seizures on consciousness found that patients who have partial epileptic seizures experience altered states of consciousness. In partial epileptic seizures, consciousness is impaired or lost while some aspects of consciousness, often automated
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connections that reciprocally link areas of the brain in a massively parallel manner. Edelman also stresses the importance of the evolutionary emergence of higher-order consciousness in humans from the historically older trait of primary consciousness which humans share with non-human animals (see
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Opinions are divided on when and how consciousness first arose. It has been argued that consciousness emerged (i) exclusively with the first humans, (ii) exclusively with the first mammals, (iii) independently in mammals and birds, or (iv) with the first reptiles. Other authors date the origins of
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Modulation of neural responses may correlate with phenomenal experiences. In contrast to the raw electrical responses that do not correlate with consciousness, the modulation of these responses by other stimuli correlates surprisingly well with an important aspect of consciousness: namely with the
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outlook that improperly distinguishes between mind and body, or between mind and world. He proposed that we speak not of minds, bodies, and the world, but of entities, or identities, acting in the world. Thus, by speaking of "consciousness" we end up leading ourselves by thinking that there is any
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for four main topics: knowledge in general, intentionality, introspection (and the knowledge it specifically generates) and phenomenal experience... Something within one's mind is 'introspectively conscious' just in case one introspects it (or is poised to do so). Introspection is often thought to
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In 2014, Victor
Argonov has suggested a non-Turing test for machine consciousness based on a machine's ability to produce philosophical judgments. He argues that a deterministic machine must be regarded as conscious if it is able to produce judgments on all problematic properties of consciousness
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sought to refute the claim of proponents of what he calls "strong artificial intelligence (AI)" that a computer program can be conscious, though he does agree with advocates of "weak AI" that computer programs can be formatted to "simulate" conscious states. His own view is that consciousness has
1967:. Some research with brain waves during meditation has reported differences between those corresponding to ordinary relaxation and those corresponding to meditation. It has been disputed, however, whether there is enough evidence to count these as physiologically distinct states of consciousness.
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arising as a consequence of other developments such as increases in brain size or cortical rearrangement. Consciousness in this sense has been compared to the blind spot in the retina where it is not an adaption of the retina, but instead just a by-product of the way the retinal axons were wired.
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seems incompatible, since a structural homolog/analogue to the dendron has not been found in avian brains. The assumption of an avian consciousness also brings the reptilian brain into focus. The reason is the structural continuity between avian and reptilian brains, meaning that the phylogenetic
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noted however, as of 2009, that there was a deep level of "confusion and internal division" among experts about the phenomenon of consciousness, because researchers lacked "a sufficiently well-specified use of the term...to agree that they are investigating the same thing". He argued additionally
1507:. There is substantial evidence that a "top-down" flow of neural activity (i.e., activity propagating from the frontal cortex to sensory areas) is more predictive of conscious awareness than a "bottom-up" flow of activity. The prefrontal cortex is not the only candidate area, however: studies by
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usually report that they experience it "flipping" between two 3D configurations, even though the stimulus itself remains the same. The objective is to understand the relationship between the conscious awareness of stimuli (as indicated by verbal report) and the effects the stimuli have on brain
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of UCLA has advocated the position of the importance of the prefrontal cortex in humans, along with the areas of
Wernicke and Broca, as being of particular importance to the development of human language capacities neuro-anatomically necessary for the emergence of higher-order consciousness in
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Assuming that not only humans but even some non-mammalian species are conscious, a number of evolutionary approaches to the problem of neural correlates of consciousness open up. For example, assuming that birds are consciousâa common assumption among neuroscientists and ethologists due to the
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Since the dawn of
Newtonian science with its vision of simple mechanical principles governing the entire universe, some philosophers have been tempted by the idea that consciousness could be explained in purely physical terms. The first influential writer to propose such an idea explicitly was
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Although it is widely accepted that
Descartes explained the problem cogently, few later philosophers have been happy with his solution, and his ideas about the pineal gland have especially been ridiculed. However, no alternative solution has gained general acceptance. Proposed solutions can be
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observes: "At the level of your experience, you are not a body of cells, organelles, and atoms; you are consciousness and its ever-changing contents". Seen in this way, consciousness is a subjectively experienced, ever-present field in which things (the contents of consciousness) come and go.
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gave rise to consciousness (" psychon ... linked to dendron through quantum physics"). Bernard Baars proposed that once in place, this "recursive" circuitry may have provided a basis for the subsequent development of many of the functions that consciousness facilitates in higher organisms.
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While historically philosophers have defended various views on consciousness, surveys indicate that physicalism is now the dominant position among contemporary philosophers of mind. For an overview of the field, approaches often include both historical perspectives (e.g., Descartes, Locke,
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use "autobiographical consciousness" to label essentially the same faculty, and agree with Foulkes on the timing of this faculty's acquisition. Nelson and Fivush contend that "language is the tool by which humans create a new, uniquely human form of consciousness, namely, autobiographical
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In 2013, an experimental procedure was developed to measure degrees of consciousness, the procedure involving stimulating the brain with a magnetic pulse, measuring resulting waves of electrical activity, and developing a consciousness score based on the complexity of the brain activity.
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section above). These theories of integrative function present solutions to two classic problems associated with consciousness: differentiation and unity. They show how our conscious experience can discriminate between a virtually unlimited number of different possible scenes and details
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of the sort that the brain has and that computers lack. But other thinkers sympathetic to his basic argument have suggested that the necessary (though perhaps still not sufficient) extra conditions may include the ability to pass not just the verbal version of the Turing test, but the
975:" that is computationally identical to a person but without any subjectivity. However, he remains somewhat skeptical concluding "I don't know whether there are any actual cases of A-consciousness without P-consciousness, but I hope I have illustrated their conceptual possibility".
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behaviors, remain intact. Studies found that when measuring the qualitative features during partial epileptic seizures, patients exhibited an increase in arousal and became absorbed in the experience of the seizure, followed by difficulty in focusing and shifting attention.
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in a hospital setting. A formal neurological examination runs through a precisely delineated series of tests, beginning with tests for basic sensorimotor reflexes, and culminating with tests for sophisticated use of language. The outcome may be summarized using the
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paradigm to consciousness, a model of how sensory data is integrated with priors in a process of projective transformation. The authors argue that, while their model identifies a key relationship between computation and phenomenology, it does not completely solve
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James discussed the difficulties of describing and studying psychological phenomena, recognizing that commonly-used terminology was a necessary and acceptable starting point towards more precise, scientifically justified language. Prime examples were phrases like
2405:. To pass the test, a computer must be able to imitate a human well enough to fool interrogators. In his essay Turing discussed a variety of possible objections, and presented a counterargument to each of them. The Turing test is commonly cited in discussions of
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in which a brain focuses its resources on a limited set of interrelated signals. Awareness, in this theory, is a useful, simplified schema that represents attentional states. To be aware of X is explained by constructing a model of one's attentional focus on X.
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treatments. The medical approach focuses mostly on the amount of consciousness a person has: in medicine, consciousness is assessed as a "level" ranging from coma and brain death at the low end, to full alertness and purposeful responsiveness at the high end.
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For many decades, consciousness as a research topic was avoided by the majority of mainstream scientists, because of a general feeling that a phenomenon defined in subjective terms could not properly be studied using objective experimental methods. In 1975
2401:. Turing disavowed any interest in terminology, saying that even "Can machines think?" is too loaded with spurious connotations to be meaningful; but he proposed to replace all such questions with a specific operational test, which has become known as the
2296:, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the existence of animal consciousness by describing a range of behaviors that appear to show animals holding beliefs about things they cannot directly perceiveâ
1105:(which holds that both mind and matter are aspects of a distinct essence that is itself identical to neither of them). There are also, however, a large number of idiosyncratic theories that cannot cleanly be assigned to any of these schools of thought.
1527:. This measure was shown to be higher in individuals that are awake, in REM sleep or in a locked-in state than in those who are in deep sleep or in a vegetative state, making it potentially useful as a quantitative assessment of consciousness states.
694:âto be conscious it is only necessary to be aware of the external world. Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive phenomenon: it is impossible to specify what it is, what it does, or why it has evolved. Nothing worth reading has been written on it.
4965:
Lucido, R. J. (2023). Testing the consciousness causing collapse interpretation of quantum mechanics using subliminal primes derived from random fluctuations in radioactive decay. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research, 14(3), 185-194.
789:, what is introspectable". Jaynes saw consciousness as an important but small part of human mentality, and he asserted: "there can be no progress in the science of consciousness until ... what is introspectable sharply distinguished" from the
2557:" means writing in a way that attempts to portray the moment-to-moment thoughts and experiences of a character. This technique perhaps had its beginnings in the monologues of Shakespeare's plays and reached its fullest development in the novels of
773:, which for decades had been ignored or taken for granted rather than explained, there could be no "conception of what consciousness is" and in 1990, he reaffirmed the traditional idea of the phenomenon called 'consciousness', writing that "its
1766:
Regarding the primary function of conscious processing, a recurring idea in recent theories is that phenomenal states somehow integrate neural activities and information-processing that would otherwise be independent. This has been called the
1455:
A major part of the scientific literature on consciousness consists of studies that examine the relationship between the experiences reported by subjects and the activity that simultaneously takes place in their brainsâthat is, studies of the
8616:
Seel RT, Sherer M, Whyte J, Katz DI, Giacino JT, Rosenbaum AM, Hammond FM, Kalmar K, Pape TL, et al. (December 2010). "Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice and research".
1369:, the behavior of subjects is clearly influenced by stimuli for which they report no awareness, and suitable experimental manipulations can lead to increasing priming effects despite decreasing prime identification (double dissociation).
1194:
in protein. At the present time many scientists and philosophers consider the arguments for an important role of quantum phenomena to be unconvincing. Empirical evidence is against the notion of quantum consciousness, an experiment about
2291:
the organism"; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself. Other thinkers, such as
3253:
Jaucourt, Louis, chevalier de. "Consciousness." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Scott St. Louis. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2014.
1837:, it is unclear what adaptive advantage consciousness could provide. As a result, an exaptive explanation of consciousness has gained favor with some theorists that posit consciousness did not evolve as an adaptation but was an
1381:
may feel that it is possible, at least in principle, for verbal report to be dissociated from consciousness entirely: a philosophical zombie may give detailed verbal reports of awareness in the absence of any genuine awareness.
1730:
theory of consciousness, according to which consciousness is a causally inert effect of neural activityâ"as the steam-whistle which accompanies the work of a locomotive engine is without influence upon its machinery". To this
1277:
published an influential psychological study which distinguished between slow, serial, and limited conscious processes and fast, parallel and extensive unconscious ones. The Science and Religion Forum 1984 annual conference,
2321:"Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals ..., including all mammals and birds, and other creatures, ... have the necessary neural substrates of consciousness and the capacity to exhibit intentional behaviors."
716:
proposed that the "everyday understanding of consciousness" uncontroversially "refers to experience itself rather than any particular thing that we observe or experience" and he added that consciousness "is exemplified by
8781:
In defining 'consciousness' as a self-reflective act, psychology loses much of the glamour and mystery of other areas of consciousness-study, but it also can proceed on a workaday basis without becoming paralyzed in pure
1460:. The hope is to find that activity in a particular part of the brain, or a particular pattern of global brain activity, which will be strongly predictive of conscious awareness. Several brain imaging techniques, such as
2002:. Patients may have disorders of consciousness or may need to be anesthetized for a surgical procedure. Physicians may perform consciousness-related interventions such as instructing the patient to sleep, administering
750:"the experienced three-dimensional world (the phenomenal world) beyond the body surface" invites another criticism, that most consciousness research since the 1990s, perhaps because of bias, has focused on processes of
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702:
If awareness of the environment . . . is the criterion of consciousness, then even the protozoans are conscious. If awareness of awareness is required, then it is doubtful whether the great apes and human infants are
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solutions that maintain that there is really only one realm of being, of which consciousness and matter are both aspects. Each of these categories itself contains numerous variants. The two main types of dualism are
544:
that the mind likewise had hidden layers "which recorded the past of the individual". By 1875, most psychologists believed that "consciousness was but a small part of mental life", and this idea underlie the goal of
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A number of studies have shown that activity in primary sensory areas of the brain is not sufficient to produce consciousness: it is possible for subjects to report a lack of awareness even when areas such as the
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difficult to make sense of the idea that subjects could be wrong about their own experiences, and even more difficult to see how such an error could be detected. Daniel Dennett has argued for an approach he calls
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The basic connotative definition of consciousness is thus an analog 'I' narratizing in a functional mind-space. The denotative definition is, as it was for Descartes, Locke, and Hume, what is introspectable.
2619:, a comparison of western and eastern ways of thinking about the mind. Wilber described consciousness as a spectrum with ordinary awareness at one end, and more profound types of awareness at higher levels.
499:
defines consciousness as "he state of being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings", " person's awareness or perception of something", and "he fact of awareness by the mind of itself and the world".
1821:
that water in the distance may be a mirage) and behave accordingly, and it could also facilitate the manipulation of others by recognizing how things appear to them for both cooperative and devious ends.
2278:
Philosophers who consider subjective experience the essence of consciousness also generally believe, as a correlate, that the existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known.
2311:
to celebrate the Francis Crick Memorial Conference, which deals with consciousness in humans and pre-linguistic consciousness in nonhuman animals. After the conference, they signed in the presence of
2185:, but either misunderstand the nature of the problem or deny that there is anything wrong with them. The most frequently occurring form is seen in people who have experienced a stroke damaging the
1244:
question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds? The problem of other minds is particularly acute for people who believe in the possibility of
9272:
Driven by Compression Progress: A Simple Principle Explains Essential Aspects of Subjective Beauty, Novelty, Surprise, Interestingness, Attention, Curiosity, Creativity, Art, Science, Music, Jokes
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argues that consciousness is the result of compression. As an agent sees representation of itself recurring in the environment, the compression of this representation can be called consciousness.
2363:, a precursor (never built) to modern electronic computers. Lovelace was essentially dismissive of the idea that a machine such as the Analytical Engine could think in a humanlike way. She wrote:
1858:
have indicated the importance of the emergence of human language as an important regulative mechanism of learning and memory in the context of the development of higher-order consciousness (see
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Rodney M.J. Cotterill (2001). "Cooperation of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, sensory cerebrum and hippocampus: possible implications for cognition, consciousness, intelligence and creativity".
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It is desirable to guard against the possibility of exaggerated ideas that might arise as to the powers of the Analytical Engine. ... The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to
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solutions that maintain Descartes's rigid distinction between the realm of consciousness and the realm of matter but give different answers for how the two realms relate to each other; and
228:(1651) wrote: "Where two, or more men, know of one and the same fact, they are said to be Conscious of it one to another". There were also many occurrences in Latin writings of the phrase
690:; awareness. The term is impossible to define except in terms that are unintelligible without a grasp of what consciousness means. Many fall into the trap of equating consciousness with
461:
the state or activity that is characterized by sensation, emotion, volition, or thought; mind in the broadest possible sense; something in nature that is distinguished from the physical
1743:, it is plausible that consciousness has not only been influenced by neural processes, but has had a survival value itself; and it could only have had this if it had been efficacious.
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had staked out these positions decades earlier. Citing the developmental steps that lead the infant to autobiographical consciousness, Nelson and Fivush point to the acquisition of "
967:; state/event consciousness; reportability; introspective consciousness; subjective consciousness; self-consciousness)âand that even this list omits several more obscure forms.
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928:. A-consciousness, on the other hand, is the phenomenon whereby information in our minds is accessible for verbal report, reasoning, and the control of behavior. So, when we
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and interact with the things in the world that its words are about, Turing-indistinguishably from a real person. Turing-scale robotics is an empirical branch of research on
1787:. Hence it remains unclear why any of it is conscious. For a review of the differences between conscious and unconscious integrations, see the article of Ezequiel Morsella.
1739:
by stating an evolutionary argument for mind-brain interaction implying that if the preservation and development of consciousness in the biological evolution is a result of
1646:
schema theory, the value of explaining the feature of awareness and attributing it to a person is to gain a useful predictive model of that person's attentional processing.
712:
Many philosophers have argued that consciousness is a unitary concept that is understood by the majority of people despite the difficulty philosophers have had defining it.
656:
By the 1960s, for many philosophers and psychologists who talked about consciousness, the word no longer meant the 'inner world' but an indefinite, large category called
2197:, a rarely occurring condition in which patients become blind but claim to be able to see normally, and persist in this claim in spite of all evidence to the contrary.
1041:
Mental processes (such as consciousness) and physical processes (such as brain events) seem to be correlated, however the specific nature of the connection is unknown.
948:
has argued that A-consciousness can in principle be understood in mechanistic terms, but that understanding P-consciousness is much more challenging: he calls this the
1139:, and by philosophers such as Daniel Dennett, seek to explain consciousness in terms of neural events occurring within the brain. Many other neuroscientists, such as
396:
evolved over several centuries and reflect a range of seemingly related meanings, with some differences that have been controversial, such as the distinction between
146:
either continuously changing or not. The disparate range of research, notions and speculations raises a curiosity about whether the right questions are being asked.
1974:
in the 1960s and 1970s. Tart analyzed a state of consciousness as made up of a number of component processes, including exteroception (sensing the external world);
2217:
to seven, children lack the Lockean consciousness that Lycan had labeled "introspective consciousness" and that Foulkes labels "self-reflection". In a 2020 paper,
8401:
4532:
Cai J, Popescu S, Briegel H (2010). "Persistent dynamic entanglement from classical motion: How bio-molecular machines can generate non-trivial quantum states".
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Many philosophers consider experience to be the essence of consciousness, and believe that experience can only fully be known from the inside, subjectively. The
3304:
1523:
In 2013, the perturbational complexity index (PCI) was proposed, a measure of the algorithmic complexity of the electrophysiological response of the cortex to
1064:(the realm of extension). He suggested that the interaction between these two domains occurs inside the brain, perhaps in a small midline structure called the
729:
Within the "modern consciousness studies" community the technical phrase 'phenomenal consciousness' is a common synonym for all forms of awareness, or simply '
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Adenauer G. Casali, Olivia Gosseries, Mario Rosanova, Mélanie Boly, Simone Sarasso, Karina R. Casali, Silvia Casarotto, Marie-Aurélie Bruno, Steven Laureys,
1313:
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2722:(1967): "Locke's use of 'consciousness' was widely adopted in British philosophy. In the late nineteenth century the term 'introspection' began to be used.
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is a Greek-derived term meaning "unawareness of disease". This is a condition in which patients are disabled in some way, most commonly as a result of a
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was a keynote speaker. Starting in the 1980s, an expanding community of neuroscientists and psychologists have associated themselves with a field called
1158:
A few theoretical physicists have argued that classical physics is intrinsically incapable of explaining the holistic aspects of consciousness, but that
671:
Many philosophers and scientists have been unhappy about the difficulty of producing a definition that does not involve circularity or fuzziness. In The
4490:
Ron Sun and Stan Franklin, Computational models of consciousness: A taxonomy and some examples. In: P.D. Zelazo, M. Moscovitch, and E. Thompson (eds.),
1323:
Modern medical and psychological investigations into consciousness are based on psychological experiments (including, for example, the investigation of
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and under the influence of psychedelic drugs, is in a disordered state; normal waking consciousness constrains some of this freedom and makes possible
6337:
Northoff G, Lamme V (2020). "Neural signs and mechanisms of consciousness: Is there a potential convergence of theories of consciousness in sight?".
1825:
zombie) to achieve the very same survival advantages as a conscious organism. If evolutionary processes are blind to the difference between function
1487:
where the specific thalamocortical systems (content) and the non-specific (centromedial thalamus) thalamocortical systems (context) interact in the
733:', without differentiating between inner and outer, or between higher and lower types. With advances in brain research, "the presence or absence of
261:
in a way less like the traditional meaning and more like the way modern English speakers would use "conscience", his meaning is nowhere defined. In
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was the mind "attending to" itself, an activity seemingly distinct from that of perceiving the 'outer world' and its physical phenomena. In 1892
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consciousness is faced with great difficulties. Nevertheless, some writers have argued that consciousness can be viewed from the standpoint of
1475:. This idea arose from proposals in the 1980s, by Christof von der Malsburg and Wolf Singer, that gamma oscillations could solve the so-called
5977:
Ann B. Butler, Paul R. Manger, B.I.B Lindahl, Peter Ă
rhem (2005). "Evolution of the neural basis of consciousness: a bird-mammal comparison".
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887:) and organization by key issues in contemporary debates. An alternative is to focus primarily on current philosophical stances and empirical
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Williams Adrian L., Singh Krishna D., Smith Andrew T. (2003). "Surround modulation measured with functional MRI in the human visual cortex".
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that at least eight clearly distinct types of consciousness can be identified (organism consciousness; control consciousness; consciousness
13255:
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1607:
the metaphor by a broad, unlit "audience"). The theory has since been expanded upon by other scientists including cognitive neuroscientist
102:. Opinions differ about what exactly needs to be studied or even considered consciousness. In some explanations, it is synonymous with the
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as a proposed criterion for machine consciousness; it has provoked a great deal of philosophical debate. For example, Daniel Dennett and
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Some have argued that we should eliminate the concept from our understanding of the mind, a position known as consciousness semanticism.
193:
date to the 17th century, and the first recorded use of "conscious" as a simple adjective was applied figuratively to inanimate objects (
3350:
11425:
8045:
Johanson M., Valli K., Revonsuo A., et al. (2008). "Alterations in the contents of consciousness in partial epileptic seizures".
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awareness or perception of an inward psychological or spiritual fact; intuitively perceived knowledge of something in one's inner self
11754:
11217:
10896:
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9308:
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Fischer DB, Boes AD, Demertzi A, Evrard HC, Laureys S, Edlow BL, Liu H, Saper CB, Pascual-Leone A, Fox MD, Geerling JC (2016-12-06).
2287:". He said that an organism is conscious "if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organismâsomething it is like
1588:
A wide range of empirical theories of consciousness have been proposed. Adrian Doerig and colleagues list 13 notable theories, while
8148:
The Physical and Psychological Effects of Meditation: A Review of Contemporary Research With a Comprehensive Bibliography, 1931â1996
8002:
Johanson M., Valli K., Revonsuo A., Wedlund J. (2008). "Content analysis of subjective experiences in partial epileptic seizures".
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1811:. In his article "Evolution of consciousness", John Eccles argued that special anatomical and physical properties of the mammalian
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2735:"Investigating "how experience ensues from the brain", rather than exploring a factual claim, betrays a philosophical commitment".
2018:, while neuroscientists may study patients with impaired consciousness in hopes of gaining information about how the brain works.
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in the brainstem was suggested to drive consciousness through functional connectivity with two cortical regions, the left ventral
1143:, have explored the neural basis of consciousness without attempting to frame all-encompassing global theories. At the same time,
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Christopher Tricker argues that this field of consciousness is symbolized by the mythical bird that opens the Daoist classic the
149:
Examples of the range of descriptions, definitions or explanations are: ordered distinction between self and environment, simple
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results in possible irreversible disruption of consciousness. While other conditions may cause a moderate deterioration (e.g.,
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Another idea that has drawn attention for several decades is that consciousness is associated with high-frequency (gamma band)
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2911:"The Sad and Sorry History of Consciousness: being, among other things, a challenge to the "consciousness-studies community""
1089:(which holds that the laws of physics are universally valid but cannot be used to explain the mind). The three main types of
8298:"Neuropathological findings in the brain of Karen Ann Quinlan â the role of the thalamus in the persistent vegetative state"
5206:
J.T. Giacino, C.M. Smart (2007). "Recent advances in behavioral assessment of individuals with disorders of consciousness".
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noted that the "ambiguous word 'content' has been recently invented instead of 'object'" and that the metaphor of mind as a
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1123:). His arguments, however, were very abstract. The most influential modern physical theories of consciousness are based on
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319:
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Fins JJ, Schiff ND, Foley KM (2007). "Late recovery from the minimally conscious state: ethical and policy implications".
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Prior to the 20th century, philosophers treated the phenomenon of consciousness as the "inner world one's own mind", and
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3637:(March 2016). "What's the Use of Consciousness? How the Stab of Conscience Made Us Really Conscious". In Engel AK (ed.).
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One of the most influential contributions to this question was an essay written in 1950 by pioneering computer scientist
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consciousness to the first animals with nervous systems or early vertebrates in the Cambrian over 500 million years ago.
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waking life (as that to which one returns after sleep, trance, fever) wherein all one's mental powers have returned . . .
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The cicada and the bird. The usefulness of a useless philosophy. Chuang Tzu's ancient wisdom translated for modern life.
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rejected popular but "superficial views of consciousness" especially those which equate it with "that vaguest of terms,
309:, published in 1690, as "the perception of what passes in a man's own mind". The essay strongly influenced 18th-century
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6936:"Commentary: The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs"
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Mandler, G. Consciousness recovered: Psychological functions and origins of thought. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 2002
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281:(translatable as "conscience, or internal testimony"). It might mean the knowledge of the value of one's own thoughts.
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built of clay. However, the possibility of actually constructing a conscious machine was probably first discussed by
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1524:
1317:
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Arnaud Destrebecqz, Philippe Peigneux (2006). "Methods for studying unconscious learning". In Steven Laureys (ed.).
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The first and foremost concrete fact which every one will affirm to belong to his inner experience is the fact that
364:. The prospects for reaching any single, agreed-upon, theory-independent definition of consciousness appear remote.
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13248:
13188:
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3702:(March 2016). "Action-Oriented Understanding of Consciousness and the Structure of Experience". In Engel AK (ed.).
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The patient has awareness, sleep-wake cycles, and meaningful behavior (viz., eye-movement), but is isolated due to
1624:
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Baars BJ (2005). "Global workspace theory of consciousness: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of human experience".
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that "pre-existing theoretical commitments" to competing explanations of consciousness might be a source of bias.
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Hal Blumenfeld (2009). "The neurological examination of consciousness". In Steven Laureys, Giulio Tononi (eds.).
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Originally published as "Conscience," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
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Note: A patient who can additionally describe the current situation may be referred to as "oriented times four".
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The patient has sleep-wake cycles, but lacks awareness and only displays reflexive and non-purposeful behavior.
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Experimental research on consciousness presents special difficulties, due to the lack of a universally accepted
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1963:
There has been some research into physiological changes in yogis and people who practise various techniques of
1884:
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1302:
1085:(which holds that the mind is formed of a distinct type of substance not governed by the laws of physics), and
31:
17:
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had a concept of consciousness. He does not use any single word or terminology that is clearly similar to the
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8904:"The Development of Autobiographical Memory, Autobiographical Narratives, and Autobiographical Consciousness"
8796:"The Development of Autobiographical Memory, Autobiographical Narratives, and Autobiographical Consciousness"
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show clear electrical responses to a stimulus. Higher brain areas are seen as more promising, especially the
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2315:, the 'Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness', which summarizes the most important findings of the survey:
1970:
The most extensive study of the characteristics of altered states of consciousness was made by psychologist
1771:. Another example has been proposed by Gerald Edelman called dynamic core hypothesis which puts emphasis on
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Monti MM, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Coleman MR, Boly M, Pickard JD, Tshibanda L, Owen AM, Laureys S (18 Feb 2010).
6860:"The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs"
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Carhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Hellyer PJ, Shanahan M, Feilding A, Tagliazucchi E, Chialvo DR, Nutt D (2014).
1073:
901:
489:
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David Rudrauf, Daniel Bennequin, Isabela Granic, Gregory Landini, Karl Friston, Kenneth Williford (2017).
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591:" things, or objects; by 1899 psychologists were busily studying the "contents of conscious experience by
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10231:
10139:
7252:"The evolutionary and genetic origins of consciousness in the Cambrian Period over 500 million years ago"
4338:
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2194:
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The patient has intermittent periods of awareness and wakefulness and displays some meaningful behavior.
2071:
2014:
may be concerned with the ethical implications of consciousness in medical cases of patients such as the
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1110:
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6384:
2422:
machine autonomy begin to prevail even as observed in its nascent form within contemporary industry and
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13620:
11323:
11158:
11123:
11018:
10835:
10328:
10184:
9100:
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Kenneth M. Heilman (1991). "Anosognosia: possible neuropsychological mechanisms". In George Prigatano,
5767:"The Flip Tilt Illusion: Visible in Peripheral Vision as Predicted by the Central-Peripheral Dichotomy"
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1941:
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have also shown that the influence consciousness has on decision-making is not always straightforward.
742:
162:
35:
8520:"Towards the routine use of brain imaging to aid the clinical diagnosis of disorders of consciousness"
1714:
Some people question whether consciousness has any survival value. Some argue that consciousness is a
481:
the part of mental life or psychic content in psychoanalysis that is immediately available to the egoâ
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Catching ourselves in the act: situated activity, interactive emergence, evolution, and human thought
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is usually credited with popularizing the idea that human consciousness flows like a stream, in his
1916:, have notable effects on consciousness. These range from a simple dulling of awareness produced by
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4707:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University.
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1101:(which holds that only thought or experience truly exists, and matter is merely an illusion), and
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Biederlack J., Castelo-Branco M., Neuenschwander S., Wheeler D.W., Singer W., NikoliÄ D. (2006).
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by taking "the bat's point of view", it would still be impossible "to know what it is like for a
1872:
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1583:
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940:, information about the past is access conscious, and so on. Although some philosophers, such as
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2343:, who carved a statue that was magically brought to life, and in medieval Jewish stories of the
1479:, by linking information represented in different parts of the brain into a unified experience.
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Some philosophers believe that Block's two types of consciousness are not the end of the story.
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Using 'awareness', however, as a definition or synonym of consciousness is not a simple matter:
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4623:"At the crossroad of the search for spontaneous radiation and the Orch OR consciousness theory"
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2015:
1953:
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A study in 2016 looked at lesions in specific areas of the brainstem that were associated with
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and responsiveness, which can be seen as a continuum of states ranging from full alertness and
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of which an individual or a group is aware at any given time or within a particular time spanâ
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13137:
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11693:
11473:
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11138:
11098:
11023:
10926:
10805:
10428:
10348:
9674:
9508:"Experimental Methods for Unraveling the Mind-body Problem: The Phenomenal Judgment Approach"
7219:
6567:"Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework"
5922:"A Theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior"
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2599:
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As noted earlier, even among writers who consider consciousness to be well-defined, there is
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and his colleagues have shown, for example, that visually responsive neurons in parts of the
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however, a variety of problems with that explanation. For one thing, it seems to violate the
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1022:
1012:
867:
758:
119:
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9266:
8862:.... Consciousness is not the same as cognition and should be sharply distinguished from it.
5915:
5824:"Brightness induction: Rate enhancement and neuronal synchronization as complementary codes"
5703:"A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex"
4893:
Mandler, G. "Consciousness: Respectable, useful, and probably necessary". In R. Solso (Ed.)
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2339:
made conscious is an ancient theme of mythology, appearing for example in the Greek myth of
2307:
On July 7, 2012, eminent scientists from different branches of neuroscience gathered at the
106:, and at other times, an aspect of it. In the past, it was one's "inner life", the world of
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Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy
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Zack Robinson, Corey J. Maley, Gualtiero Piccinini (2015). "Is Consciousness a Spandrel?".
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4779:, Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen, 288 pages, Oxford University Press, USA (June 3, 2010),
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4551:
2994:
2726:'s definition is typical: "To introspect is to attend to the workings of one's own mind" ".
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6768:"REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics"
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Leviathan: or, The Matter, Forme & Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civill
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The entropic brain is a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with
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emphasized external awareness, and expressed a skeptical attitude more than a definition:
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In the West, the primary impact of the idea has been on literature rather than science: "
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The patient lacks awareness and sleep-wake cycles and only displays reflexive behavior.
1166:(QM) theories of consciousness. Notable theories falling into this category include the
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sort of thing as consciousness separated from behavioral and linguistic understandings.
866:, loss of meaningful communication, and finally loss of movement in response to painful
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Other metaphors from various sciences inspired other analyses of the mind, for example:
245:, literally 'knowledge-with', first appears in Roman juridical texts by writers such as
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2874:"A novel concept introducing the idea of continuously changing levels of consciousness"
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argue that anything capable of passing the Turing test is necessarily conscious, while
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The patient lacks awareness, sleep-wake cycles, and brain-mediated reflexive behavior.
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2003:
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origin of consciousness may be earlier than suggested by many leading neuroscientists.
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the things that we observe or experience", whether thoughts, feelings, or perceptions.
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9335:
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Coleman MR, Davis MH, Rodd JM, Robson T, Ali A, Owen AM, Pickard JD (September 2009).
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Bernat JL (20 Jul 2010). "The natural history of chronic disorders of consciousness".
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8096:(DSM-IV-TR ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 31 July 1994.
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1058:(the realm of thought), in contrast to the domain of material things, which he called
1052:. Descartes proposed that consciousness resides within an immaterial domain he called
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6716:"Human consciousness and its relationship to social neuroscience: A novel hypothesis"
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sought the "structure" of the mind by analyzing its "elements". The abstract idea of
257:(1596â1650), writing in Latin, is generally taken to be the first philosopher to use
233:
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Note: In many stories the Golem was mindless, but some gave it emotions or thoughts.
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1678:. Criticism has included questioning whether the theory has been adequately tested.
1480:
1290:, giving rise to a stream of experimental work published in books, journals such as
1045:
1026:
254:
90:. However, its nature has led to millennia of analyses, explanations, and debate by
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9478:
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8807:
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8484:
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8228:
8207:"Psychometric evaluation of the altered states of consciousness rating scale (OAV)"
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is to understand the inherent nature of the consciousness and its characteristics.
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1937:
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1503:, which is involved in a range of higher cognitive functions collectively known as
1403:
1366:
1257:
1086:
1054:
997:
944:, have disputed the validity of this distinction, others have broadly accepted it.
900:, for example, argued that traditional understanding of consciousness depends on a
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561:
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defines consciousness as "the state of understanding and realizing something". The
385:. Victor Caston contends that Aristotle did have a concept more clearly similar to
190:
13588:
6986:
6468:
6451:
4621:
Derakhshani M, DiĂłsi L, Laubenstein M, Piscicchia K, Curceanu C (September 2022).
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2622:
Other examples include the various levels of spiritual consciousness presented by
2502:
According to James, the "stream of thought" is governed by five characteristics:
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9874:
The Feeling of Life Itself: Why Consciousness Is Widespread but Can't Be Computed
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8696:
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6205:(1990). "A unitary hypothesis of mind-brain interaction in the cerebral cortex".
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Consciousness - definition of consciousness in English | Oxford Dictionaries
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A similar concept appears in Buddhist philosophy, expressed by the Sanskrit term
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841:
818:
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8015:
7335:(January 2002). "The conscious access hypothesis: Origins and recent evidence".
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Consciousness Transitions: Phylogenetic, Ontogenetic, and Physiological Aspects
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5389:
David Edelman, Anil Seth (2009). "Animal consciousness: a synthetic approach".
5169:
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5104:
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Toward a Science of Consciousness III: The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates
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may provide the missing ingredients. Several theorists have therefore proposed
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noted the distinction along with doubts about the inward character of the mind:
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Animal Consciousness Officially Recognized by Leading Panel of Neuroscientists
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1574:. These three regions may work together as a triad to maintain consciousness.
1097:(which holds that the mind consists of matter organized in a particular way),
916:
argued that discussions on consciousness often failed to properly distinguish
828:
point of viewâwith an inter-disciplinary perspective involving fields such as
621:
consciousness of some sort goes on. 'States of mind' succeed each other in him
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8795:
7968:"Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states"
7760:
7695:
7652:
7332:
7268:
7114:
7094:
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6660:
6636:"Integrated information theory: from consciousness to its physical substrate"
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6015:
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5790:
5782:
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The Consciousness Paradox: Consciousness, Concepts, and Higher-Order Thoughts
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seemed to minimize the dualistic problem of how "states of consciousness can
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the totality in psychology of sensations, perceptions, ideas, attitudes, and
342:
as "the opinion or internal feeling that we ourselves have from what we do".
335:
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139:
107:
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If a Lion Could Talk: Animal Intelligence and the Evolution of Consciousness
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The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness
4009:
3905:
3800:"Consciousness Semanticism: A Precise Eliminativist Theory of Consciousness"
3084:
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1044:
The first influential philosopher to discuss this question specifically was
54:
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7356:
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6910:"Entropy as More than Chaos in the Brain: Expanding Field, Expanding Minds"
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3586:(2009). "How to define consciousnessâand how not to define consciousness".
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It is interested in some parts of these objects to the exclusion of others.
2442:
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any analytical relations or truths. Its province is to assist us in making
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argues that while a human might be able to imagine what it is like to be a
2256:
2222:
2128:
2007:
1971:
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for example defends in an essay titled "On the Hypothesis that Animals are
1682:
1468:, have been used for physical measures of brain activity in these studies.
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RegulĂŠ ad directionem ingenii ut et inquisitio veritatis per lumen naturale
253:
value, specifically what a witness knows of someone else's deeds. Although
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63:
59:
12665:
9844:
Consciousness as a Scientific Concept: A Philosophy of Science Perspective
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9126:
Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid
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7638:
7168:
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5894:
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5292:
Patrick Haggard (2008). "Human volition: towards a neuroscience of will".
2026:
In medicine, consciousness is examined using a set of procedures known as
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3630:
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2956:
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2558:
2542:
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in the right hemisphere of the brain, giving rise to a syndrome known as
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version of the scale, for children too young to be able to use language.
1979:
1744:
1407:
1378:
1361:
1349:
1094:
1060:
854:, a "level of consciousness" terminology is used to describe a patient's
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722:
713:
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Philosophers have attempted to clarify technical distinctions by using a
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The origin of the modern concept of consciousness is often attributed to
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115:
13455:
11703:
10169:
10098:
was created from a revision of this article dated 30 July 2023
8734:
Awareness of Deficit After Brain Injury: Clinical and Theoretical Issues
8705:
Awareness of Deficit After Brain Injury: Clinical and Theoretical Issues
8001:
7806:
6652:
3487:. Vol. 2 (Reprint 1972 ed.). Macmillan, Inc. pp. 191â195.
1402:, that is, the ability to distinguish oneself from others. In the 1970s
1282:' identified the nature of consciousness as a matter for investigation;
236:
wrote in 1613 of "being so conscious unto myself of my great weakness".
13688:
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11542:
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10706:
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9698:
9483:
9466:
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6172:
5990:
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5036:
3017:
2612:
2537:
2463:
2423:
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1999:
1964:
1949:
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1838:
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1488:
1423:
1175:
1124:
983:
929:
829:
798:
786:
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774:
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623:. But everyone knows what the terms mean in a rough way; When I say
596:
386:
382:
374:
300:
288:
135:
127:
91:
42:
11739:
9181:
The Turing Test : Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence
5702:
2664: â Small bilateral neuronal structure in the brain of vertebrates
1365:
activity and behavior. In several paradigms, such as the technique of
330:
is defined roughly like English "consciousness" in the 1753 volume of
13760:
13693:
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13320:
13285:
13233:
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12739:
12709:
12551:
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12355:
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12245:
12205:
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12150:
12145:
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11907:
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11842:
11807:
11688:
11673:
11510:
11453:
11440:
11247:
11182:
11043:
10983:
10971:
10860:
10575:
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9970:
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6043:
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3699:
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2655:
2038:
2011:
1995:
1957:
1945:
1921:
1707:
1667:
1647:
1643:
1589:
1431:
1411:
1219:
1151:
have pursued the goal of creating digital computer programs that can
913:
806:
802:
794:
778:
658:
564:
developed the idea of "mental chemistry" and "mental compounds", and
370:
215:
123:
95:
87:
80:
70:
8561:"Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness"
7442:"The function of phenomenal states: Supramodular Interaction Theory"
7098:
5305:
1264:, including the fact that they can tell us about their experiences.
209:
12963:
12938:
12784:
12759:
12561:
12541:
12481:
12440:
12300:
12285:
12210:
12175:
12170:
12130:
12057:
12047:
11997:
11897:
11698:
11607:
11403:
11118:
11073:
10790:
8756:
8296:
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8211:
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Peter Ă
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Christof Koch (October 2017). "How to Make a Consciousness Meter".
5078:
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2945:(239 pgs. paper covered ed.). London: Faber and Faber Limited.
2661:
2455:
2099:
2095:
1994:
Consciousness is of concern to patients and physicians, especially
1917:
1723:
1602:
and theory of consciousness proposed by the cognitive psychologist
1222:
is the philosophical and scientific examination of this conundrum.
1098:
863:
851:
810:
687:
541:
467:
250:
99:
12805:
12774:
9281:
8876:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
8845:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
8779:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 13.
8762:
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8694:
6857:
4546:
4207:
3418:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
2792:
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
2517:
Within each personal consciousness thought is sensibly continuous.
2441:
In a lively exchange over what has come to be referred to as "the
1562:
and vegetative states. A small region of the rostral dorsolateral
932:, information about what we perceive is access conscious; when we
13703:
12973:
12913:
12744:
12724:
12701:
12654:
12591:
12531:
12445:
12405:
12315:
12275:
12220:
12032:
12027:
12007:
11977:
11718:
11169:
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5037:"Criteria for unconscious cognition: Three types of dissociation"
1920:, to increases in the intensity of sensory qualities produced by
1913:
1674:
functions such as internal self-administered reality testing and
1312:, along with regular conferences organized by groups such as the
1240:
is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following
1179:
978:
855:
537:
378:
331:
214:"to know") which meant "knowing with" or "having joint or common
131:
111:
84:
10216:
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6516:
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5081:
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4907:
2605:
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13820:
12943:
12794:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12390:
12345:
12320:
12310:
12265:
12255:
12165:
12160:
12125:
12120:
12092:
12037:
11972:
11967:
11862:
11832:
11634:
11148:
10810:
10123:
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Alec Hyslop (1995). "The analogical inference to other minds".
2433:
2283:
spelled out this point of view in an influential essay titled "
2182:
1662:. The theory suggests that the brain in primary states such as
1406:
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1090:
1077:
937:
925:
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Sara HeinÀmaa, Vili LÀhteenmÀki, Pauliina Remes, eds. (2007).
2565:, although it has also been used by many other noted writers.
2512:
Within each personal consciousness thought is always changing.
1447:
Schema of the neural processes underlying consciousness, from
1344:
936:, information about our thoughts is access conscious; when we
625:
every 'state' or 'thought' is part of a personal consciousness
560:
described ideas as being attracted and repulsed like magnets;
13465:
12769:
12729:
12677:
12660:
12619:
12486:
12455:
12415:
12370:
12195:
12185:
12042:
11937:
11932:
11857:
11827:
11581:
11003:
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It always appears to deal with objects independent of itself.
2344:
2062:
Medical conditions that inhibit consciousness are considered
1898:
1894:
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in 2022 suggests that quantum consciousness, as suggested by
745:
to its associated information processing" in the brain. This
198:
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1936:("Ecstasy"), or most notably by the class of drugs known as
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12764:
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Every thought tends to be part of a personal consciousness.
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1933:
1559:
1465:
1419:
1034:
158:
154:
103:
7958:
6713:
5618:
5034:
2462:
the robot's words in the robot's sensorimotor capacity to
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Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)
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1398:
Another approach applies specifically to the study of
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inward awareness of an external object, state, or fact
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1386:
of consciousness when verbal behavior is absent. The
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Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
536:
During the early 19th century, the emerging field of
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6449:
6330:
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8615:
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631:
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9597:
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3984:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 156â163.
3968:
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3515:
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531:
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9725:
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5553:
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3737:
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2304:reviews a substantial portion of the evidence.
1131:. Theories proposed by neuroscientists such as
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9560:
9558:
9556:
9554:
9505:
9303:
9237:
9178:
8270:
8266:
8264:
8262:
7435:
7433:
7303:
7138:
6814:
6700:Michael Brooks; "Interview: Cosmic thoughts",
6628:
6626:
6509:
6507:
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5074:
5072:
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4427:
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2355:, in a set of notes written in 1842 about the
2074:, but sometimes also includes the less severe
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2568:Here, for example, is a passage from Joyce's
2324:
1491:band frequency via synchronous oscillations.
741:who seek "to analyze the precise relation of
603:, with continuity, fringes, and transitions.
507:of their own. The corresponding entry in the
9009:
8901:
8793:
7496:
7294:
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4614:
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3766:
3728:
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3625:
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3100:
2871:
2748:
430:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
352:About forty meanings attributed to the term
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9633:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
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9384:
9297:
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2955:
2555:stream of consciousness as a narrative mode
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356:can be identified and categorized based on
273:, Amsterdam 1701) he wrote the word with a
267:
249:. It means a kind of shared knowledge with
13256:
13242:
12828:
12814:
11762:
11748:
11426:
11412:
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10225:
9697:
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3851:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 1â67.
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2481:
1434:have all been observed to pass this test.
1391:lack of awareness. Studies related to the
737:" of any kind underlies the work of those
686:âThe having of perceptions, thoughts, and
392:Modern dictionary definitions of the word
10897:Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
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9003:
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8474:
8431:
8399:
8242:
8232:
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8086:
8084:
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7824:
7716:
7628:
7618:
7544:
7413:
7403:
7277:
7267:
7078:
7018:
6961:
6951:
6885:
6875:
6791:
6739:
6523:
6477:
6467:
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5884:
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1225:
58:Representation of consciousness from the
10106:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
10089:
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4670:"§4.4 The hard problem of consciousness"
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2670: â Aspect of consciousness research
2432:
2251:
2086:of these disorders is an active area of
1871:
1592:and Tim Bayne list 22 notable theories.
1441:
1343:
1016:
707:
345:
283:
53:
11769:
10027:The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness
9197:
8953:
8774:
8764:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7490:
7250:Feinberg TE, Mallatt J (October 2013).
5920:, Marcello Massimini (14 August 2013).
5196:
5025:
4732:
4525:
4492:The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness
4135:
3926:Justin Sytsma, Edouard Machery (2010).
3712:10.7551/mitpress/9780262034326.003.0012
3649:10.7551/mitpress/9780262034326.003.0012
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
2583:
2200:
1214:Apart from the general question of the
769:". In 1976 he insisted that if not for
122:. Today, it often includes any kind of
14:
13910:
13263:
10907:Higher-order theories of consciousness
9705:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 3â16.
9567:"The Five-Aggregate Model of the Mind"
9545:The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1
8944:
8873:
8842:
8116:
8081:
7925:
7894:. New York: Worth Publishers. p.
7821:
7731:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.012
7645:
6339:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
4696:
4317:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 5â11.
3797:
3467:
3410:
3293:
3091:
3046:. Princeton University Press. p.
2905:
2814:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
1860:
1829:being performed by conscious organism
1778:
1763:a gradual evolution of consciousness.
1706:The emergence of consciousness during
1636:"attention schema" theory of awareness
13938:Concepts in the philosophy of science
13857:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
13237:
12809:
11743:
11407:
10922:Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis
10220:
8983:(1999). "Sympathy and subjectivity".
7830:
6714:Graziano, M.S.A., Kastner, S (2011).
6513:
5517:I of the vortex: from neurons to self
5035:Thomas Schmidt, Dirk Vorberg (2006).
4138:"How many concepts of consciousness?"
3449:
3367:
2595:fundamental than the physical world.
1072:divided broadly into two categories:
1048:, and the answer he gave is known as
877:
313:, and Locke's definition appeared in
13183:
11433:
11388:
9846:. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
8954:Colin Allen. Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
8186:from the original on 6 November 2011
8160:
6933:
5554:Baldauf D, Desimone R (2014-04-25).
5011:. Psychology Press. pp. 25â26.
4895:Information processing and cognition
4733:Robert Kirk. Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
4239:Philosophy of Man: selected readings
4041:
3698:
3607:"The False Problem of Consciousness"
3395:
3379:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3240:A Dictionary of the English Language
2720:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2488:Stream of consciousness (psychology)
2398:Computing Machinery and Intelligence
2387:what we are already acquainted with.
1485:recurrent thalamo-cortical resonance
1437:
1006:
510:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
454:often used with an attributive noun
369:Scholars are divided as to whether
306:Essay Concerning Human Understanding
12835:
9172:
7657:A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness
5111:. In A. Marcel, E. Bisiach (eds.).
4984:A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness
4704:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4513:from the original on August 8, 2021
4506:Quantum Approaches to Consciousness
4241:. Goodwill Trading Co. p. 97.
3468:Thomas GJ (1967). "Consciousness".
2773:
2649: â Hindu philosophical concept
2574:about the thoughts of Molly Bloom:
2102:) or transient interruption (e.g.,
2066:. This category generally includes
1982:; and changed meaning of percepts.
1298:Frontiers in Consciousness Research
1267:
1033:, and from there to the immaterial
279:conscientiĂą, vel interno testimonio
24:
13933:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
12497:Eutheism, dystheism, and maltheism
11213:Subjective character of experience
11109:Neural correlates of consciousness
10076:
9755:
9089:on 2021-10-28 – via YouTube.
9085:. 3 September 2012. Archived from
8985:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
8860:Consciousness is based on language
8760:, Marshall M. Haith, eds. (1996).
4236:
3876:10.1212/01.wnl.0000252376.43779.96
3828:from the original on 7 August 2022
3521:Macmillan Dictionary of Psychology
2173:Medical experts increasingly view
2037:, and is usually carried out by a
1985:
1458:neural correlates of consciousness
959:, for example, argued in his book
673:Macmillan Dictionary of Psychology
25:
13994:
13153:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
11243:Von NeumannâWigner interpretation
10892:Damasio's theory of consciousness
10246:
10053:
9955:(2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
9895:, Kirkeby-Hinrup A, eds. (2021).
9471:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
9467:"Six views of embodied cognition"
9336:10.1038/scientificamerican0190-26
8878:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 450.
8847:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 447.
8370:Essentials of Abnormal Psychology
6611:from the original on 13 July 2019
5271:10.1038/scientificamerican1117-28
3181:
2548:
2536:, which is usually translated as
2379:analysis; but it has no power of
1867:
1702:Biological function and evolution
1692:the hard problem of consciousness
1525:transcranial magnetic stimulation
1318:Society for Consciousness Studies
483:compare PRECONSCIOUS, UNCONSCIOUS
13215:
13201:
13194:
13182:
13171:
13170:
11387:
11378:
11377:
11305:Journal of Consciousness Studies
11193:Sociology of human consciousness
11029:Dual consciousness (split-brain)
10932:Orchestrated objective reduction
10204:
10192:
10168:
10156:
10145:
10122:
10088:
9719:
9691:
9667:
9649:
9624:
9606:. Wisdom Publications. pp.
9591:
9533:
9499:
9458:
9439:Graham Oppy, David Dowe (2011).
9432:
9353:from the original on 2022-10-09.
9143:
9117:
9113:from the original on 2022-10-09.
9093:
9073:
9031:
8973:
8895:
8867:
8836:
8787:
8768:
8750:
8721:
8688:
8609:
8552:
8511:
8468:
8359:
8346:
8289:
8198:
8154:
8110:
8038:
7995:
7991:from the original on 2021-08-10.
7952:
7948:from the original on 2017-06-11.
7919:
7881:
7786:
7753:
7710:
7700:Journal of Consciousness Studies
7688:
7673:
7583:
7524:S. Nichols, T. Grantham (2000).
7517:
7371:
7325:
7211:
7132:
7087:
7043:
6978:
6927:
6902:
6851:
6829:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.010
6808:
6756:
6262:
6249:
6195:
6149:
5909:
5864:
5815:
5676:
5152:Journal of Consciousness Studies
5007:Paul Rooks, Jane Wilson (2000).
4914:from the original on 2016-11-03.
4852:Journal of Consciousness Studies
4830:Journal of Consciousness Studies
4439:. Boston: Little & Company.
4289:"Descartes and the pineal gland"
4263:"Descartes and the Pineal Gland"
4087:Journal of Consciousness Studies
3964:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3614:Behavior of Organisms Laboratory
3588:Journal of Consciousness Studies
3553:Journal of Consciousness Studies
3310:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3029:. Hodges and Smith. p. 417.
2927:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2861:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2643: â Hypothesis in psychology
2371:anything. It can do whatever we
2177:as a disorder of consciousness.
1625:Orchestrated objective reduction
1309:Journal of Consciousness Studies
1153:simulate or embody consciousness
996:This bird's name is Of a Flock (
522:Philosophers have used the term
423:The common-usage definitions of
11311:Online Consciousness Conference
11298:How the Self Controls Its Brain
9522:from the original on 2016-10-20
9447:from the original on 2013-12-02
9373:from the original on 2012-01-12
9161:from the original on 2010-09-13
8962:from the original on 2019-07-31
8400:Neergaard L (August 14, 2013).
8150:. Institute of Noetic Sciences.
8128:from the original on 2012-04-20
7775:from the original on 2011-10-28
7311:. University of Chicago Press.
7121:from the original on 2019-12-24
6940:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
6916:from the original on 2019-07-05
6864:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
6683:from the original on 2023-05-04
6429:from the original on 2023-01-21
6351:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.019
6319:from the original on 2022-05-20
5707:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
5628:"A framework for consciousness"
5612:
5547:
5534:
5504:
5453:
5425:
5382:
5328:
5285:
5242:
5162:
5140:
5129:from the original on 2011-10-28
5113:Consciousness in Modern Science
5097:
5000:
4972:
4959:
4927:
4918:
4900:
4887:
4862:
4840:
4818:
4741:from the original on 2013-12-02
4726:
4690:
4661:
4586:
4484:
4421:
4359:
4306:
4295:from the original on 2013-12-02
4280:
4269:from the original on 2019-12-16
4230:
4200:
4178:
4129:
4101:
4030:from the original on 2011-11-03
4016:. MIT Press. pp. 375â415.
3998:
3919:
3898:
3855:
3840:
3791:
3665:
3605:Gomez-Marin A, Arnau J (2019).
3342:
3331:from the original on 2021-03-07
3314:
3268:Vimal RL, Sansthana DA (2010).
3261:
3247:
3227:
3202:
3175:
3150:
3129:
3064:
3033:
2888:from the original on 2021-12-15
2729:
2712:
2699:
1216:"hard problem" of consciousness
667:being aware or being conscious.
662:, as in the following example:
632:From introspection to awareness
472:compare STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
10957:Altered state of consciousness
10029:. Cambridge University Press.
9811:. Cambridge University Press.
9663:. BompaCrazy.com. p. 620.
9017:. Cambridge University Press.
7974:. Cambridge University Press.
7659:. Cambridge University Press.
7141:Journal of Theoretical Biology
6991:Journal of Theoretical Biology
6565:Dehaene S, Naccache L (2001).
5926:Science Translational Medicine
5709:. Computational Neuroscience.
4945:. MIT Press. pp. xixâxx.
4869:Horst Hendriks-Jansen (1996).
4345:. Cambridge University Press.
4343:Machine man and other writings
3547:Michael V. Antony (2001). "Is
3500:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3485:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3327:. Cambridge University Press.
3161:. Springer. pp. 205â206.
3011:
2977:
2963:. Cambridge University Press.
2949:
2658: â Structure in the brain
2205:
1885:Altered state of consciousness
1473:oscillations in brain activity
1339:
532:Traditional metaphors for mind
32:Consciousness (disambiguation)
13:
1:
13968:Neuropsychological assessment
13714:Hard problem of consciousness
13143:Miniâmental state examination
11059:Hard problem of consciousness
10917:Integrated information theory
10173:The dictionary definition of
9999:. Columbia University Press.
9703:The Spectrum of Consciousness
9683:. Innes & Sons. pp.
9396:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
8446:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68508-5
8374:. Cengage Learning. pp.
7349:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01819-2
6586:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00123-2
6534:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50004-9
6469:10.1080/17588928.2020.1772214
6127:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00058-7
4145:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
2918:Royal Institute of Philosophy
2836:10.1016/s1053-8100(03)00081-3
2741:
2617:The Spectrum of Consciousness
2237:
2028:neuropsychological assessment
2021:
1619:Integrated information theory
950:hard problem of consciousness
652:than a sensibly given fact...
197:, 1643). It derived from the
13108:Benton Visual Retention Test
11588:Perception as interpretation
11357:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
11344:The Science of Consciousness
11218:Subjectivity and objectivity
9565:Karunamuni N.D. (May 2015).
9512:Journal of Mind and Behavior
9043:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
8666:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328332a1e7
8654:Current Opinion in Neurology
8489:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e8e960
8234:10.1371/journal.pone.0012412
7595:"Evolution of consciousness"
7461:10.1037/0033-295X.112.4.1000
7337:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
6732:10.1080/17588928.2011.565121
6287:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003404
5938:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294
5841:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.11.012
5220:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f189ef
5208:Current Opinion in Neurology
5083:. Elsevier. pp. 69â80.
5041:Perception and Psychophysics
4908:"Science and Religion Forum"
4804:. Springer. pp. 41â70.
4598:The Mystery of Consciousness
4407:. New York: Harcourt Press.
4113:Consciousness and Experience
3672:Cohen AP, Rapport N (1995).
3324:Cambridge English Dictionary
2993:. University Press. p.
2437:John Searle in December 2005
2285:What Is it Like to Be a Bat?
2057:
961:Consciousness and Experience
490:Cambridge English Dictionary
303:who defined the word in his
184:
7:
13118:Continuous Performance Task
11350:Understanding Consciousness
11277:Consciousness and Cognition
11265:A Universe of Consciousness
9921:. Oxford University Press.
9245:. Oxford University Press.
8902:Nelson K, Fivush R (2020).
8794:Nelson K, Fivush R (2020).
8354:The Quest for Consciousness
8317:10.1056/NEJM199405263302101
8059:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.04.014
8016:10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.10.002
6641:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
6392:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
6385:"Theories of consciousness"
5684:The Quest for Consciousness
5542:The Quest for Consciousness
5437:The Quest for Consciousness
5360:10.1126/science.167.3914.86
5294:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
5182:. Oxford University Press.
5115:. Oxford University Press.
4647:10.1016/j.plrev.2022.05.004
4468:The Quest for Consciousness
4341:(1996). Ann Thomson (ed.).
4339:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
4115:. MIT Press. pp. 1â4.
3812:10.1007/978-3-030-96993-6_3
3472:. Vol. 6. p. 366.
2920:. supplementary volume 70.
2824:Consciousness and Cognition
2633:
2148:Persistent vegetative state
2072:persistent vegetative state
1842:Several scholars including
1833:and non-conscious organism
1293:Consciousness and Cognition
1111:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
10:
13999:
11324:The Astonishing Hypothesis
11019:Disorders of consciousness
9598:Dzogchen Rinpoche (2007).
9045:". In Douglas Hofstadter,
8631:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.07.218
7852:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.98
7599:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
7440:Ezequiel Morsella (2005).
7197:. Springer International.
7011:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.032
6404:10.1038/s41583-022-00587-4
5873:Journal of Neurophysiology
5719:10.1016/j.conb.2019.06.001
5403:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.008
4564:10.1103/PhysRevE.82.021921
3675:Questions of Consciousness
2602:, author of the 1901 book
2598:The Canadian psychiatrist
2587:
2485:
2328:
2325:In artificial intelligence
2241:
2209:
2064:disorders of consciousness
1882:
1581:
1497:primary visual cortex (V1)
1229:
1010:
862:, through disorientation,
169:" of contents, or being a
40:
36:Conscious (disambiguation)
29:
13877:
13844:
13671:
13541:
13436:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
13426:David Lewis (philosopher)
13271:
13166:
13128:Hayling and Brixton tests
13093:
12982:
12904:
12843:
12700:
12600:
12464:
12111:
11800:
11777:
11666:
11633:
11541:
11439:
11373:
11256:
11104:Minimally conscious state
11014:Consciousness after death
10944:
10874:
10746:
10739:
10674:
10568:
10502:
10261:
10254:
9852:10.1007/978-94-007-5173-6
9790:Consciousness: The Basics
9602:. In Doris Wolter (ed.).
9418:10.1017/S0140525X00005756
9366:The Chinese Room Argument
8997:10.1080/00048409912349231
6934:Papo D (30 August 2016).
6704:, November 2022. pp.46-9.
6383:Seth AK, Bayne T (2022).
5765:Zhaoping L (2020-07-30).
5701:Zhaoping L (2019-10-01).
5489:10.4249/scholarpedia.1657
4676:. MIT Press. p. 75.
4668:Rocco J. Gennaro (2011).
4313:William Jaworski (2011).
4157:10.1017/s0140525x00038486
4093:: 200â219. Archived from
3947:10.1007/s11098-009-9439-x
3519:(1989). "Consciousness".
3377:(1998). "Consciousness".
3115:10.1080/09608780701444915
3027:The whole works, Volume 2
3023:Charles Richard Elrington
2705:From the introduction by
2140:Minimally conscious state
2068:minimally conscious state
1634:and Kastner proposed the
1577:
1572:anterior cingulate cortex
1393:neuroscience of free will
1211:, is highly implausible.
809:, and automatic forms of
291:, a 17th-century British
165:"; being a metaphorical "
13928:Concepts in epistemology
13113:Clinical Dementia Rating
12861:Clinical neuropsychology
12851:Brainâcomputer interface
10967:Artificial consciousness
10484:William Kingdon Clifford
10035:10.1017/CBO9780511816789
9977:. Penguin Random House.
9631:Robert Humphrey (1954).
9584:10.1177/2158244015583860
9465:Margaret Wilson (2002).
9055:. Basic Books. pp.
9041:(1981). "Reflections on
8921:10.1177/0033294119852574
8813:10.1177/0033294119852574
7767:. In J.H. Fetzer (ed.).
7269:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00667
6953:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00423
6877:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020
6115:Progress in Neurobiology
5783:10.1177/2041669520938408
4057:. Penguin. p. 375.
3906:"PhilPapers Survey 2020"
3357:Oxford Living Dictionary
2943:History in English Words
2693:
2497:Principles of Psychology
2458:version, which requires
2331:Artificial consciousness
2270:Townsend's big-eared bat
2035:neurological examination
1960:play an essential role.
1694:or completely close the
1147:working in the field of
908:
891:Coherence of the concept
572:mirrored the concept of
558:Johann Friedrich Herbart
496:Oxford Living Dictionary
433:(1966) are as follows:
41:Not to be confused with
13958:Metaphysical properties
13564:Eliminative materialism
11787:Outline of spirituality
11709:Relational frame theory
11684:Higher nervous activity
11284:Consciousness Explained
11203:Stream of consciousness
11178:Secondary consciousness
10902:Global workspace theory
10887:Dynamic core hypothesis
10882:Attention schema theory
10856:Revisionary materialism
10771:Eliminative materialism
10294:Charles Augustus Strong
9600:"Taming the mindstream"
9547:. H. Holt. p. 225.
9506:Victor Argonov (2014).
9179:Stuart Shieber (2004).
8170:States of Consciousness
8047:Epilepsy & Behavior
8004:Epilepsy & Behavior
7620:10.1073/pnas.89.16.7320
7405:10.1073/pnas.0604347103
7256:Frontiers in Psychology
6772:Pharmacological Reviews
5777:(4): 2041669520938408.
5581:10.1126/science.1247003
5391:Trends in Neurosciences
4627:Physics of Life Reviews
4435:Consciousness Explained
4054:Consciousness Explained
3749:Thinking, Fast and Slow
3470:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3214:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3085:10.1163/156852569x00670
3040:Barbara Cassin (2014).
2668:Models of consciousness
2482:Stream of consciousness
2407:artificial intelligence
2347:, a magically animated
2309:University of Cambridge
2195:AntonâBabinski syndrome
1930:empathogensâentactogens
1716:by-product of evolution
1596:Global workspace theory
1584:Models of consciousness
1568:anterior insular cortex
1250:artificial intelligence
1149:artificial intelligence
920:(P-consciousness) from
743:conscious phenomenology
601:stream of consciousness
570:states of consciousness
13918:Cognitive neuroscience
13816:Propositional attitude
13811:Problem of other minds
13719:Hypostatic abstraction
13158:Wisconsin card sorting
12896:Traumatic brain injury
12866:Cognitive neuroscience
12631:The Cloud of Unknowing
11679:Experiential avoidance
11338:The Emperor's New Mind
11144:Problem of other minds
11079:Introspection illusion
10912:Holonomic brain theory
10269:Alfred North Whitehead
10161:Quotations related to
10084:
10060:Listen to this article
9577:(2): 215824401558386.
8956:"Animal consciousness"
8124:. ePublications@bond.
7840:Psychological Bulletin
7769:Consciousness Evolving
7193:The Self and Its Brain
7161:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0394
7115:10.1093/mind/os-4.13.1
7059:The Fortnightly Review
6456:Cognitive Neuroscience
6227:10.1098/rspb.1990.0047
5462:"Binding by synchrony"
3363:on September 25, 2016.
3258:, 3:902 (Paris, 1753).
2581:
2438:
2389:
2275:
2084:Differential diagnosis
2016:Karen Ann Quinlan case
1880:
1749:The Self and Its Brain
1726:, and its History" an
1652:information processing
1600:cognitive architecture
1452:
1358:operational definition
1353:
1258:principle of parsimony
1238:problem of other minds
1232:Problem of other minds
1226:Problem of other minds
1197:wave function collapse
1168:holonomic brain theory
1038:
705:
696:
669:
654:
629:
613:personal consciousness
420:that is not physical.
366:
296:
268:
195:"the conscious Groves"
79:, at its simplest, is
73:
27:Awareness of existence
13887:Philosophers category
13791:Mental representation
13554:Biological naturalism
13441:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
13416:Frank Cameron Jackson
13222:Psychology portal
13208:Philosophy portal
13138:Lexical decision task
12615:Akilattirattu Ammanai
11792:Category:Spirituality
11694:Ironic process theory
11459:Cognitive flexibility
11139:Primary consciousness
11024:Divided consciousness
10927:Multiple drafts model
10429:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
10151:Consciousness Studies
10083:
9817:10.1017/9781316408889
9675:Richard Maurice Bucke
8908:Psychological Reports
8800:Psychological Reports
8695:George P. Prigatano,
8619:Arch Phys Med Rehabil
8580:10.1056/NEJMoa0905370
7680:Carruthers P (2004).
7533:Philosophy of Science
7497:S. Budiansky (1998).
6784:10.1124/pr.118.017160
6257:The Prefrontal Cortex
5895:10.1152/jn.00048.2002
3935:Philosophical Studies
3678:. London: Routledge.
2872:P.A. Guertin (2019).
2600:Richard Maurice Bucke
2588:Further information:
2576:
2436:
2365:
2255:
1875:
1769:integration consensus
1759:suggests in his book
1735:objects in his essay
1711:a subject of debate.
1582:Further information:
1445:
1388:scientific literature
1347:
1288:Consciousness Studies
1246:philosophical zombies
1020:
775:denotative definition
759:history of psychology
735:experienced phenomena
708:Influence on research
700:
681:
664:
646:
617:
412:, or the notion of a
350:
346:Problem of definition
287:
57:
13923:Cognitive psychology
13569:Emergent materialism
13075:Roger Wolcott Sperry
12990:Arthur Lester Benton
12609:A Course in Miracles
12073:Spiritual possession
11903:Ethic of reciprocity
11291:Cosmic Consciousness
11129:Philosophical zombie
11069:Higher consciousness
10962:Animal consciousness
10766:Double-aspect theory
10299:Christopher Peacocke
10131:at Wikimedia Commons
10115:More spoken articles
8605:on 24 February 2019.
8537:10.1093/brain/awp183
8342:on 18 November 2020.
7449:Psychological Review
5460:Wolf Singer (2007).
4206:Tricker, C. (2022).
3706:. pp. 261â282.
3643:. pp. 193â214.
3422:. Houghton Mifflin.
3141:Oeuvres de Descartes
2794:. Houghton Mifflin.
2686:Vertiginous question
2590:Higher consciousness
2584:Spiritual approaches
2419:philosophical zombie
2373:know how to order it
2244:Animal consciousness
2201:Outside human adults
1797:evolutionary biology
1785:ventriloquism effect
1708:biological evolution
1570:, and the pregenual
1352:, an ambiguous image
1192:quantum entanglement
450:concerned awareness;
293:Age of Enlightenment
30:For other uses, see
13963:Metaphysics of mind
13766:Language of thought
13516:Ludwig Wittgenstein
13346:Patricia Churchland
13103:Bender-Gestalt Test
12934:Executive functions
12063:Spiritual evolution
11993:Planes of existence
11771:Modern spirituality
11724:Thought suppression
11064:Heterophenomenology
10977:Attentional control
10626:Lawrence Weiskrantz
10454:Patricia Churchland
10289:Brian O'Shaughnessy
10274:Arthur Schopenhauer
10142:about Consciousness
9328:1990SciAm.262a..26S
9316:Scientific American
9291:2008arXiv0812.4360S
9124:Moshe Idel (1990).
8440:(9517): 1181â1192.
8225:2010PLoSO...512412S
7807:10.1017/apa.2014.10
7611:1992PNAS...89.7320E
7396:2006PNAS..10310799S
7390:(28): 10799â10804.
7153:1997JThBi.187..613L
7071:1874Natur..10..362.
7003:2017JThBi.428..106R
6653:10.1038/nrn.2016.44
6219:1990RSPSB.240..433E
6036:1995Natur.375..121C
5635:Nature Neuroscience
5572:2014Sci...344..424B
5480:2007SchpJ...2.1657S
5352:1970Sci...167...86G
5263:2017SciAm.317e..28K
5251:Scientific American
4941:(1999). "Preface".
4937:, Alfred Kaszniak,
4639:2022PhLRv..42....8D
4556:2010PhRvE..82b1921C
3981:The Concept of Mind
3746:Kahneman D (2011).
2641:Bicameral mentality
2624:Prem Saran Satsangi
2375:to perform. It can
2191:hemispatial neglect
2088:biomedical research
1720:Thomas Henry Huxley
1666:(REM) sleep, early
1640:hemispatial neglect
1505:executive functions
1416:bottlenose dolphins
1375:heterophenomenology
1145:computer scientists
752:external perception
566:Edward B. Titchener
540:inspired a popular
13594:Neurophenomenology
13265:Philosophy of mind
13123:Glasgow Coma Scale
12949:Motor coordination
11364:Wider than the Sky
11331:The Conscious Mind
11134:Philosophy of mind
11114:Neurophenomenology
11089:Locked-in syndrome
11084:Knowledge argument
10748:Philosophy of mind
10369:George Henry Lewes
10339:Douglas Hofstadter
10140:in other libraries
10134:Library resources
10085:
9484:10.3758/BF03196322
9267:JĂŒrgen Schmidhuber
9209:Douglas Hofstadter
9039:Douglas Hofstadter
8874:Jaynes J (2000) .
8843:Jaynes J (2000) .
8775:Foulkes D (1999).
8758:Arnold J. Sameroff
8408:on August 16, 2013
8275:. Academic Press.
7962:, Pace-Schott EF,
7771:. John Benjamins.
7503:. The Free Press.
7099:"Are we automata?"
6173:10.1007/bf01955747
5991:10.1002/bies.20280
5647:10.1038/nn0203-119
5180:The Conscious Mind
5054:10.3758/bf03193692
4224:2023-06-08 at the
4213:2023-04-21 at the
4194:2023-04-23 at the
2707:Ralph Barton Perry
2472:situated cognition
2468:embodied cognition
2439:
2428:JĂŒrgen Schmidhuber
2411:Douglas Hofstadter
2294:Douglas Hofstadter
2276:
2133:pseudobulbar palsy
2124:Locked-in syndrome
2108:petit mal seizures
2076:locked-in syndrome
2044:Glasgow Coma Scale
2004:general anesthesia
1954:dimethyltryptamine
1910:psychoactive drugs
1881:
1803:in the sense of a
1792:widespread dispute
1664:rapid eye movement
1453:
1354:
1329:subliminal stimuli
1039:
878:Philosophy of mind
872:Glasgow Coma Scale
777:is, as it was for
692:self-consciousness
452:INTEREST, CONCERNâ
311:British philosophy
297:
263:Search after Truth
74:
13905:
13904:
13801:Mindâbody problem
13699:Cognitive closure
13663:Substance dualism
13281:G. E. M. Anscombe
13231:
13230:
13015:Elkhonon Goldberg
12803:
12802:
12649:Guru Granth Sahib
12587:Transcendentalism
12441:Wearing vestments
12326:Religious ecstasy
12151:Bearing testimony
11737:
11736:
11496:Critical thinking
11464:Cognitive liberty
11401:
11400:
11099:Mindâbody problem
11049:Flash suppression
11009:Cartesian theater
10994:Binocular rivalry
10940:
10939:
10806:Mindâbody dualism
10735:
10734:
10722:Victor J. Stenger
10697:Erwin Schrödinger
10651:Stanislas Dehaene
10631:Michael Gazzaniga
10515:Donald D. Hoffman
10399:John Polkinghorne
10379:Gottfried Leibniz
10127:Media related to
10081:
10044:978-0-521-67412-6
10006:978-0-231-13695-2
9984:978-1-5247-4287-4
9962:978-0-470-67406-2
9906:978-1-138-63798-6
9883:978-0-262-04281-9
9861:978-94-007-5172-9
9842:Irvine E (2013).
9826:978-1-107-56330-8
9807:Harley T (2021).
9799:978-1-138-65598-0
9777:978-0-670-02543-5
9744:978-81-7822-493-0
9737:. New Age Books.
9712:978-81-208-1848-4
9642:978-0-520-00585-3
9617:978-0-86171-359-2
9441:"The Turing test"
9252:978-0-19-511789-9
9224:978-0-553-34584-1
9190:978-0-262-69293-9
9135:978-0-7914-0160-6
9066:978-0-7108-0352-8
9024:978-0-521-40676-5
8743:978-0-19-505941-0
8714:978-0-19-505941-0
8625:(12): 1795â1813.
8385:978-0-495-59982-1
8311:(21): 1469â1475.
8282:978-0-12-374168-4
8179:978-0-595-15196-7
8172:. IUniverse.com.
8117:Lyvers M (2003).
8103:978-0-89042-025-6
7981:978-0-521-00869-3
7926:Coenen A (2010).
7905:978-1-4292-3719-2
7891:Psychology 2nd Ed
7666:978-0-521-42743-2
7605:(16): 7320â7324.
7510:978-0-684-83710-9
7318:978-0-226-30865-4
7233:978-0-444-52977-0
7204:978-0-387-08307-0
6817:Neuropharmacology
6764:Carhart-Harris RL
6281:(23): 2427â2434.
6259:, Second Edition.
6213:(1299): 433â451.
6167:(12): 1384â1391.
6096:978-0-465-01376-0
6079:Gerald M. Edelman
6030:(6527): 121â123.
5932:(198): 198ra105.
5566:(6182): 424â427.
5527:978-0-262-62163-2
5446:978-0-9747077-0-9
5189:978-0-19-511789-9
5122:978-0-19-852237-9
5090:978-0-444-52876-6
5018:978-0-415-19094-7
4993:978-0-521-42743-2
4952:978-0-262-58181-3
4880:978-0-262-08246-4
4811:978-0-7923-3245-9
4683:978-0-262-01660-5
4607:978-0-940322-06-6
4534:Physical Review E
4477:978-0-9747077-0-9
4446:978-0-316-18066-5
4414:978-0-15-601075-7
4384:978-0-465-00764-6
4352:978-0-521-47849-6
4324:978-1-4443-3367-1
4248:978-971-12-0245-3
4237:Dy MB Jr (2001).
4122:978-0-262-12197-2
4064:978-0-7139-9037-9
4023:978-0-262-52210-6
3991:978-0-226-73296-1
3821:978-3-030-96992-9
3798:Anthis J (2022).
3784:978-0-979-07443-1
3759:978-1-429-96935-2
3721:978-0-262-03432-6
3685:978-1-134-80469-6
3530:978-0-333-38829-7
3517:Stuart Sutherland
3450:James W (1948) .
3388:978-0-415-18707-7
3349:"consciousness".
3321:"consciousness".
3168:978-1-4020-6081-6
3057:978-0-691-13870-1
2970:978-0-521-39831-2
2815:Rochat P (2003).
2357:Analytical Engine
2171:
2170:
2000:anesthesiologists
1861:Neural correlates
1779:Neural correlates
1741:natural selection
1660:psychedelic drugs
1609:Stanislas Dehaene
1564:pontine tegmentum
1501:prefrontal cortex
1438:Neural correlates
1201:Catalina Curceanu
1083:substance dualism
1050:mindâbody dualism
1023:mindâbody dualism
1013:Mindâbody problem
1007:Mindâbody problem
902:Cartesian dualist
826:cognitive science
677:Stuart Sutherland
551:unconscious layer
234:Archbishop Ussher
153:, one's sense of
47:Conscientiousness
16:(Redirected from
13990:
13953:Mental processes
13653:Representational
13648:Property dualism
13641:Type physicalism
13606:New mysterianism
13574:Epiphenomenalism
13396:Martin Heidegger
13258:
13251:
13244:
13235:
13234:
13220:
13219:
13218:
13206:
13205:
13204:
13198:
13186:
13185:
13174:
13173:
13010:Norman Geschwind
12954:Natural language
12830:
12823:
12816:
12807:
12806:
12684:The Urantia Book
12376:Self-realization
12156:Being born again
12136:Ancestor worship
11764:
11757:
11750:
11741:
11740:
11434:Mental processes
11428:
11421:
11414:
11405:
11404:
11391:
11390:
11381:
11380:
11223:Unconscious mind
10851:Reflexive monism
10846:Property dualism
10821:New mysterianism
10781:Epiphenomenalism
10761:Computationalism
10756:Anomalous monism
10744:
10743:
10636:Michael Graziano
10606:Francisco Varela
10510:Carl Gustav Jung
10474:Thomas Metzinger
10444:Martin Heidegger
10424:Kenneth M. Sayre
10284:Bertrand Russell
10259:
10258:
10241:
10234:
10227:
10218:
10217:
10209:
10208:
10207:
10197:
10196:
10195:
10188:
10172:
10160:
10149:
10126:
10105:
10103:
10092:
10091:
10082:
10072:
10070:
10066:
10061:
10048:
10010:
9988:
9966:
9940:
9910:
9887:
9865:
9838:
9803:
9781:
9770:. Viking Press.
9749:
9748:
9723:
9717:
9716:
9695:
9689:
9688:
9671:
9665:
9664:
9653:
9647:
9646:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9595:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9562:
9549:
9548:
9537:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9527:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9486:
9462:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9411:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9378:
9361:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9313:
9301:
9295:
9294:
9284:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9235:
9229:
9228:
9201:
9195:
9194:
9176:
9170:
9169:
9167:
9166:
9147:
9141:
9139:
9121:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9105:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9035:
9029:
9028:
9015:Mortal Questions
9007:
9001:
9000:
8981:Peter Carruthers
8977:
8971:
8970:
8968:
8967:
8951:
8942:
8941:
8923:
8899:
8893:
8892:
8871:
8865:
8864:
8840:
8834:
8833:
8815:
8791:
8785:
8784:
8772:
8766:
8765:
8754:
8748:
8747:
8725:
8719:
8718:
8692:
8686:
8685:
8649:
8643:
8642:
8613:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8598:. Archived from
8565:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8539:
8530:(9): 2541â2552.
8515:
8509:
8508:
8472:
8466:
8465:
8429:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8397:
8391:
8389:
8373:
8363:
8357:
8350:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8335:. Archived from
8302:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8268:
8257:
8256:
8246:
8236:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8191:
8158:
8152:
8151:
8143:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8123:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8088:
8079:
8078:
8042:
8036:
8035:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7932:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7885:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7870:. Archived from
7837:
7831:Vaitl D (2005).
7828:
7819:
7818:
7790:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7757:
7751:
7750:
7719:Neuropsychologia
7714:
7708:
7707:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7649:
7643:
7642:
7632:
7622:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7577:
7571:
7565:. Archived from
7548:
7530:
7521:
7515:
7514:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7479:. Archived from
7455:(4): 1000â1021.
7446:
7437:
7428:
7427:
7417:
7407:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7329:
7323:
7322:
7301:
7292:
7291:
7281:
7271:
7247:
7238:
7237:
7215:
7209:
7208:
7196:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7080:10.1038/010362a0
7065:(253): 555â580.
7047:
7041:
7040:
7022:
6982:
6976:
6975:
6965:
6955:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6889:
6879:
6855:
6849:
6848:
6812:
6806:
6805:
6795:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6743:
6711:
6705:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6638:
6630:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6610:
6571:
6562:
6556:
6555:
6527:
6511:
6500:
6499:
6481:
6471:
6447:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6428:
6389:
6380:
6371:
6370:
6334:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6306:
6266:
6260:
6255:Joaquin Fuster,
6253:
6247:
6246:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6110:
6101:
6100:
6075:
6064:
6063:
6044:10.1038/375121a0
6012:
6003:
6002:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5949:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5888:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5843:
5834:(6): 1073â1083.
5819:
5813:
5812:
5802:
5762:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5698:
5687:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5665:. Archived from
5632:
5616:
5610:
5609:
5583:
5551:
5545:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5491:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5203:
5194:
5193:
5177:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5109:"Quining qualia"
5101:
5095:
5094:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5056:
5032:
5023:
5022:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4976:
4970:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4904:
4898:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4797:
4788:
4774:
4765:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4549:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4501:
4495:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4438:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4376:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4234:
4228:
4204:
4198:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4167:. Archived from
4142:
4136:Block N (1995).
4133:
4127:
4126:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3932:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3743:
3726:
3725:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3580:
3561:
3560:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3447:
3434:
3433:
3421:
3408:
3393:
3392:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3302:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3265:
3259:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3154:
3148:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2961:Studies in words
2953:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2915:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2821:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2752:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2674:Plant perception
2652:
2226:consciousness".
2219:Katherine Nelson
2113:
2112:
2078:and more severe
1876:A Buddhist monk
1864:section above).
1818:Peter Carruthers
1737:Are We Automata?
1728:epiphenomenalist
1687:active inference
1509:Nikos Logothetis
1428:European magpies
1367:response priming
1268:Scientific study
1087:property dualism
1021:Illustration of
675:(1989 edition),
609:inner experience
574:states of matter
562:John Stuart Mill
549:, to expose the
547:Freudian therapy
398:inward awareness
326:The French term
271:
191:English language
83:of internal and
21:
13998:
13997:
13993:
13992:
13991:
13989:
13988:
13987:
13908:
13907:
13906:
13901:
13873:
13840:
13786:Mental property
13679:Abstract object
13667:
13537:
13491:Wilfrid Sellars
13366:Donald Davidson
13351:Paul Churchland
13311:George Berkeley
13267:
13262:
13232:
13227:
13216:
13214:
13202:
13200:
13162:
13089:
13065:Karl H. Pribram
13055:Alexander Luria
13030:Kenneth Heilman
13000:AntĂłnio DamĂĄsio
12978:
12969:Problem solving
12929:Decision making
12906:Brain functions
12900:
12886:Neurophysiology
12839:
12837:Neuropsychology
12834:
12804:
12799:
12696:
12644:Hindu scripture
12596:
12460:
12331:Religious music
12107:
11953:Meaning of life
11813:Akashic Records
11796:
11773:
11768:
11738:
11733:
11662:
11629:
11537:
11516:Problem solving
11501:Decision-making
11435:
11432:
11402:
11397:
11369:
11252:
11228:Unconsciousness
11039:Explanatory gap
10989:Binding problem
10936:
10870:
10731:
10717:Susan Blackmore
10670:
10661:Stuart Hameroff
10581:Antonio Damasio
10564:
10560:Wolfgang Köhler
10498:
10459:Paul Churchland
10364:George Berkeley
10334:Donald Davidson
10250:
10245:
10215:
10205:
10203:
10193:
10191:
10183:
10136:in your library
10119:
10118:
10107:
10101:
10099:
10096:This audio file
10093:
10086:
10077:
10074:
10068:
10064:
10063:
10059:
10056:
10051:
10045:
10025:, eds. (2007).
10013:
10007:
9991:
9985:
9969:
9963:
9951:, eds. (2017).
9943:
9937:
9913:
9907:
9890:
9884:
9868:
9862:
9841:
9827:
9806:
9800:
9784:
9778:
9762:
9758:
9756:Further reading
9753:
9752:
9745:
9733:, eds. (2016).
9724:
9720:
9713:
9696:
9692:
9672:
9668:
9654:
9650:
9643:
9629:
9625:
9618:
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9504:
9500:
9463:
9459:
9450:
9448:
9437:
9433:
9389:
9385:
9376:
9374:
9363:
9362:
9358:
9350:
9311:
9302:
9298:
9264:
9260:
9253:
9236:
9232:
9225:
9217:. Basic Books.
9202:
9198:
9191:
9177:
9173:
9164:
9162:
9148:
9144:
9136:
9122:
9118:
9110:
9103:
9099:
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8963:
8952:
8945:
8900:
8896:
8886:
8872:
8868:
8855:
8841:
8837:
8792:
8788:
8773:
8769:
8755:
8751:
8744:
8730:Daniel Schacter
8726:
8722:
8715:
8701:Daniel Schacter
8697:Daniel Schacter
8693:
8689:
8650:
8646:
8614:
8610:
8602:
8563:
8557:
8553:
8516:
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7758:
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7711:
7693:
7689:
7678:
7674:
7667:
7650:
7646:
7588:
7584:
7575:
7573:
7569:
7546:10.1.1.515.9722
7528:
7522:
7518:
7511:
7495:
7491:
7483:
7444:
7438:
7431:
7376:
7372:
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6695:
6686:
6684:
6631:
6624:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6569:
6563:
6559:
6544:
6525:10.1.1.456.2829
6512:
6503:
6448:
6441:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6387:
6381:
6374:
6335:
6331:
6322:
6320:
6267:
6263:
6254:
6250:
6200:
6196:
6154:
6150:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6089:. Basic Books.
6076:
6067:
6013:
6006:
5975:
5971:
5914:
5910:
5886:10.1.1.137.1066
5869:
5865:
5820:
5816:
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5756:
5747:
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5699:
5690:
5681:
5677:
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5535:
5528:
5509:
5505:
5458:
5454:
5447:
5430:
5426:
5387:
5383:
5346:(3914): 86â87.
5333:
5329:
5306:10.1038/nrn2497
5300:(12): 934â946.
5290:
5286:
5247:
5243:
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5167:
5163:
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5132:
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5077:
5070:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5005:
5001:
4994:
4977:
4973:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4935:Stuart Hameroff
4932:
4928:
4923:
4919:
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4503:
4502:
4498:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4399:Antonio Damasio
4396:
4392:
4385:
4377:. Basic Books.
4364:
4360:
4353:
4336:
4332:
4325:
4311:
4307:
4298:
4296:
4285:
4281:
4272:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4235:
4231:
4226:Wayback Machine
4215:Wayback Machine
4205:
4201:
4196:Wayback Machine
4183:
4179:
4171:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4123:
4106:
4102:
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3697:
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3659:
3628:
3621:
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3581:
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3514:
3507:
3496:
3492:
3481:
3477:
3466:
3459:
3448:
3437:
3430:
3409:
3396:
3389:
3372:
3368:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3277:Mind and Matter
3272:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3248:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3155:
3151:
3134:
3130:
3099:
3092:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3038:
3034:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2954:
2950:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2913:
2904:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2785:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2760:Merriam-Webster
2756:"consciousness"
2754:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2717:
2713:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2650:
2636:
2628:Stuart Hameroff
2592:
2586:
2551:
2490:
2484:
2361:Charles Babbage
2335:The idea of an
2333:
2327:
2313:Stephen Hawking
2267:to be a bat". (
2246:
2240:
2214:
2208:
2203:
2060:
2024:
1988:
1986:Medical aspects
1887:
1870:
1813:cerebral cortex
1807:that increases
1704:
1696:explanatory gap
1613:Lionel Naccache
1586:
1580:
1477:binding problem
1451:
1440:
1342:
1270:
1242:epistemological
1234:
1228:
1209:Stuart Hameroff
1184:Stuart Hameroff
1137:Antonio Damasio
1121:L'homme machine
1015:
1009:
981:
911:
893:
880:
842:Daniel Kahneman
819:decision-making
815:problem-solving
747:neuroscientific
739:neuroscientists
710:
634:
534:
418:mental activity
367:
348:
208:"together" and
187:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13996:
13986:
13985:
13983:Theory of mind
13980:
13975:
13970:
13965:
13960:
13955:
13950:
13945:
13940:
13935:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13903:
13902:
13900:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13878:
13875:
13874:
13872:
13871:
13854:
13848:
13846:
13842:
13841:
13839:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13781:Mental process
13778:
13773:
13768:
13763:
13758:
13753:
13751:Intentionality
13748:
13747:
13746:
13741:
13731:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13675:
13673:
13669:
13668:
13666:
13665:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13644:
13643:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13601:Neutral monism
13598:
13597:
13596:
13586:
13584:Interactionism
13581:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13545:
13543:
13539:
13538:
13536:
13535:
13528:
13523:
13518:
13513:
13508:
13503:
13498:
13496:Baruch Spinoza
13493:
13488:
13483:
13478:
13473:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13406:Edmund Husserl
13403:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13376:René Descartes
13373:
13371:Daniel Dennett
13368:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
13343:
13341:David Chalmers
13338:
13333:
13328:
13326:Franz Brentano
13323:
13318:
13313:
13308:
13306:Alexander Bain
13303:
13298:
13296:Thomas Aquinas
13293:
13288:
13283:
13277:
13275:
13269:
13268:
13261:
13260:
13253:
13246:
13238:
13229:
13228:
13226:
13225:
13211:
13192:
13180:
13167:
13164:
13163:
13161:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13099:
13097:
13091:
13090:
13088:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13050:Rodolfo LlinĂĄs
13047:
13045:Benjamin Libet
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13025:Donald O. Hebb
13022:
13020:Kurt Goldstein
13017:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12997:
12992:
12986:
12984:
12980:
12979:
12977:
12976:
12971:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12916:
12910:
12908:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12876:Misconceptions
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12847:
12845:
12841:
12840:
12833:
12832:
12825:
12818:
12810:
12801:
12800:
12798:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12737:
12732:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12706:
12704:
12698:
12697:
12695:
12694:
12687:
12680:
12675:
12668:
12663:
12658:
12651:
12646:
12641:
12634:
12627:
12625:Book of Mormon
12622:
12617:
12612:
12604:
12602:
12598:
12597:
12595:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12579:
12574:
12569:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12474:
12468:
12466:
12465:Belief systems
12462:
12461:
12459:
12458:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12408:
12403:
12398:
12393:
12388:
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12373:
12368:
12363:
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12117:
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12109:
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12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11988:Parapsychology
11985:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11948:Lataif-e-sitta
11945:
11940:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11920:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11900:
11895:
11893:Eternal return
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11853:Creation myths
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11804:
11802:
11798:
11797:
11795:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11778:
11775:
11774:
11767:
11766:
11759:
11752:
11744:
11735:
11734:
11732:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11704:Mental fatigue
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11670:
11668:
11664:
11663:
11661:
11660:
11655:
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11639:
11637:
11631:
11630:
11628:
11627:
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11620:
11615:
11610:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11564:
11563:
11553:
11547:
11545:
11539:
11538:
11536:
11535:
11530:
11529:
11528:
11523:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11477:
11476:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11445:
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11437:
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11431:
11430:
11423:
11416:
11408:
11399:
11398:
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11371:
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11367:
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11313:
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11301:
11294:
11287:
11280:
11273:
11268:
11260:
11258:
11254:
11253:
11251:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11238:Visual masking
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11188:Sentiocentrism
11185:
11180:
11175:
11174:
11173:
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11156:
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11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
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11021:
11016:
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10979:
10969:
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10868:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10833:
10828:
10823:
10818:
10816:Neutral monism
10813:
10808:
10803:
10798:
10796:Interactionism
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10752:
10750:
10741:
10737:
10736:
10733:
10732:
10730:
10729:
10727:Wolfgang Pauli
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10678:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10669:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10656:Steven Laureys
10653:
10648:
10643:
10641:Patrick Wilken
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10611:Gerald Edelman
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10586:Benjamin Libet
10583:
10578:
10572:
10570:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10540:Max Wertheimer
10537:
10532:
10527:
10525:Gustav Fechner
10522:
10520:Franz Brentano
10517:
10512:
10506:
10504:
10500:
10499:
10497:
10496:
10494:William Seager
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10469:René Descartes
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10419:Keith Frankish
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10359:Galen Strawson
10356:
10351:
10346:
10344:Edmund Husserl
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10324:David Papineau
10321:
10316:
10314:David Chalmers
10311:
10309:Daniel Dennett
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10279:Baruch Spinoza
10276:
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10055:
10054:External links
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9477:(4): 625â636.
9457:
9431:
9409:10.1.1.83.5248
9402:(3): 417â457.
9383:
9356:
9305:John R. Searle
9296:
9258:
9251:
9239:David Chalmers
9230:
9223:
9205:Daniel Dennett
9196:
9189:
9171:
9142:
9134:
9128:. SUNY Press.
9116:
9092:
9072:
9065:
9047:Daniel Dennett
9030:
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9002:
8991:(4): 465â482.
8972:
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8080:
8053:(2): 366â371.
8037:
8010:(1): 170â182.
7994:
7980:
7951:
7918:
7904:
7880:
7877:on 2020-10-22.
7820:
7801:(2): 365â383.
7785:
7752:
7725:(3): 829â840.
7709:
7687:
7672:
7665:
7644:
7582:
7555:10.1086/392859
7539:(4): 648â670.
7516:
7509:
7489:
7486:on 2020-11-18.
7429:
7370:
7324:
7317:
7305:Donald Griffin
7293:
7239:
7232:
7210:
7203:
7187:John C. Eccles
7183:Karl R. Popper
7174:
7147:(4): 613â629.
7131:
7086:
7042:
6997:(1): 106â131.
6977:
6926:
6912:. 2018-06-22.
6901:
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6778:(3): 316â344.
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6622:
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6372:
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5985:(9): 923â936.
5969:
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5879:(1): 525â533.
5863:
5814:
5754:
5688:
5675:
5672:on 2012-05-22.
5641:(2): 119â126.
5611:
5546:
5533:
5526:
5512:Rodolfo LlinĂĄs
5503:
5452:
5445:
5424:
5397:(9): 476â484.
5381:
5327:
5284:
5241:
5214:(6): 614â619.
5195:
5188:
5170:David Chalmers
5161:
5148:Daniel Dennett
5139:
5121:
5105:Daniel Dennett
5096:
5089:
5068:
5047:(3): 489â504.
5024:
5017:
4999:
4992:
4971:
4958:
4951:
4939:David Chalmers
4926:
4917:
4899:
4886:
4879:
4861:
4839:
4826:Daniel Dennett
4817:
4810:
4789:
4777:Moral Machines
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4429:Daniel Dennett
4420:
4413:
4390:
4383:
4367:Gerald Edelman
4358:
4351:
4330:
4323:
4305:
4279:
4254:
4247:
4229:
4219:(Google Books)
4199:
4177:
4174:on 2020-02-10.
4151:(2): 272â284.
4128:
4121:
4100:
4097:on 2005-03-08.
4079:David Chalmers
4070:
4063:
4049:Daniel Dennett
4040:
4022:
3997:
3990:
3967:
3941:(2): 299â327.
3918:
3897:
3870:(4): 304â307.
3854:
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3366:
3341:
3313:
3286:
3260:
3246:
3235:Samuel Johnson
3226:
3201:
3190:on May 8, 2018
3174:
3167:
3149:
3135:Charles Adam,
3128:
3109:(3): 455â484.
3090:
3079:(2): 170â180.
3063:
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2864:
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2582:
2563:Virginia Woolf
2550:
2549:Narrative form
2547:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2486:Main article:
2483:
2480:
2417:argues that a
2415:David Chalmers
2329:Main article:
2326:
2323:
2298:Donald Griffin
2242:Main article:
2239:
2236:
2232:theory of mind
2212:Theory of mind
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2169:
2168:
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2125:
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2120:
2117:
2059:
2056:
2023:
2020:
2006:, or inducing
1987:
1984:
1883:Main article:
1869:
1868:Altered states
1866:
1757:Donald Griffin
1703:
1700:
1685:, applied the
1676:self-awareness
1650:is a style of
1579:
1576:
1552:Joaquin Fuster
1539:, Edelman and
1481:Rodolfo LlinĂĄs
1446:
1439:
1436:
1400:self-awareness
1341:
1338:
1327:effects using
1275:George Mandler
1269:
1266:
1230:Main article:
1227:
1224:
1182:formulated by
1180:Orch-OR theory
1160:quantum theory
1133:Gerald Edelman
1113:, in his book
1103:neutral monism
1027:René Descartes
1011:Main article:
1008:
1005:
980:
977:
946:David Chalmers
942:Daniel Dennett
910:
907:
892:
889:
879:
876:
792:
720:
709:
706:
633:
630:
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513:(1998) reads:
485:
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473:
463:
458:
457:
456:
447:
442:
349:
347:
344:
317:'s celebrated
315:Samuel Johnson
255:René Descartes
186:
183:
181:of the brain.
179:mental process
163:looking within
144:self-awareness
26:
18:Conscious mind
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13995:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13978:Phenomenology
13976:
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13943:Consciousness
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13831:Understanding
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13756:Introspection
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13709:Consciousness
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13631:Phenomenology
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13626:Phenomenalism
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13616:Occasionalism
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13589:NaĂŻve realism
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13579:Functionalism
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13521:Stephen Yablo
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13476:Richard Rorty
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13471:Hilary Putnam
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13446:Marvin Minsky
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13316:Henri Bergson
13314:
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13154:
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13149:
13148:Stroop effect
13146:
13144:
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13139:
13136:
13134:
13133:Johari window
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
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13061:
13060:Brenda Milner
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12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
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12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12924:Consciousness
12922:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12911:
12909:
12907:
12903:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12856:Brain regions
12854:
12852:
12849:
12848:
12846:
12842:
12838:
12831:
12826:
12824:
12819:
12817:
12812:
12811:
12808:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12790:Seven virtues
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12780:Moral courage
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
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12711:
12708:
12707:
12705:
12703:
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12693:
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12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12513:
12512:Kathenotheism
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12477:Anthroposophy
12475:
12473:
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12469:
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12463:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12421:Vegetarianism
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12401:Sufi whirling
12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12386:Simple living
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
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12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12291:Nonresistance
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12251:Koan practice
12249:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12216:Faith healing
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12191:Contemplation
12189:
12187:
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12177:
12174:
12172:
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12118:
12116:
12114:
12110:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12083:Synchronicity
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
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12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12013:Reincarnation
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
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11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
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11878:Enlightenment
11876:
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11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
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11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
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11839:
11838:Consciousness
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
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11793:
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11643:Consolidation
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11512:
11509:
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11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11491:Consciousness
11489:
11487:
11486:Comprehension
11484:
11482:
11479:
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11471:
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11124:Phenomenology
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11054:Hallucination
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10786:Functionalism
10784:
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10712:Roger Penrose
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10702:Marvin Minsky
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10692:Eugene Wigner
10690:
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10682:Annaka Harris
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10622:
10619:
10617:
10616:Giulio Tononi
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10601:Francis Crick
10599:
10597:
10596:Christof Koch
10594:
10592:
10591:Bernard Baars
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10567:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10555:William James
10553:
10551:
10550:Wilhelm Wundt
10548:
10546:
10545:Sigmund Freud
10543:
10541:
10538:
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10533:
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10530:Julian Jaynes
10528:
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10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10501:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10489:William Lycan
10487:
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10482:
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10472:
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10462:
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10457:
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10409:Joseph Levine
10407:
10405:
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10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10384:Immanuel Kant
10382:
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10375:
10372:
10370:
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10362:
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10355:
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10349:Frank Jackson
10347:
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10249:
10248:Consciousness
10242:
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10223:
10222:
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10212:
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10200:
10190:
10189:
10186:
10179:at Wiktionary
10178:
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10176:Consciousness
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10163:Consciousness
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10129:Consciousness
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9938:
9936:9780195314595
9932:
9928:
9924:
9920:
9916:
9912:
9908:
9902:
9899:. Routledge.
9898:
9894:
9891:Overgaard M,
9889:
9885:
9879:
9876:. MIT Press.
9875:
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9792:. Routledge.
9791:
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9541:William James
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9186:
9183:. MIT Press.
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8854:0-618-05707-2
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8426:
8424:
8407:
8403:
8396:
8387:
8381:
8377:
8372:
8371:
8362:
8356:, pp. 216â226
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8219:(8): e12412.
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7846:(1): 98â127.
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7762:
7761:Stevan Harnad
7756:
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7705:
7701:
7697:
7696:Owen Flanagan
7691:
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7668:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7653:Bernard Baars
7648:
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7572:on 2017-08-13
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7381:
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7342:
7338:
7334:
7333:Bernard Baars
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6733:
6729:
6726:(2): 98â113.
6725:
6721:
6720:Cog. Neurosci
6717:
6710:
6703:
6702:New Scientist
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6580:(1â2): 1â37.
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6083:Giulio Tononi
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6020:Christof Koch
6017:
6016:Francis Crick
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5918:Giulio Tononi
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5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5686:, pp. 269â286
5685:
5679:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5625:
5624:Christof Koch
5621:
5620:Francis Crick
5615:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5550:
5544:, pp. 105â116
5543:
5537:
5529:
5523:
5520:. MIT Press.
5519:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5499:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5456:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5433:Christof Koch
5428:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5385:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5336:Gordon Gallup
5331:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5245:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5202:
5200:
5191:
5185:
5181:
5176:
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5165:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5092:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5073:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5031:
5029:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4995:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4980:Bernard Baars
4975:
4969:
4962:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4921:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4896:
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4882:
4876:
4872:
4865:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4848:Stevan Harnad
4843:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4813:
4807:
4803:
4796:
4794:
4786:
4785:0-19-973797-5
4782:
4778:
4773:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4699:"Other minds"
4693:
4685:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4664:
4656:
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4640:
4636:
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4589:
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4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4540:(2): 021921.
4539:
4535:
4528:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4487:
4479:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4464:Christof Koch
4459:
4457:
4448:
4442:
4437:
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4416:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4400:
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4340:
4334:
4326:
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4212:
4209:
4203:
4197:
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4190:
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4166:
4162:
4158:
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4150:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4109:William Lycan
4104:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4066:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3993:
3987:
3983:
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3971:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
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3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3761:
3755:
3752:. Macmillan.
3751:
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3742:
3740:
3738:
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3723:
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3709:
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3658:9780262034326
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3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3558:
3554:
3551:ambiguous?".
3550:
3549:consciousness
3543:
3541:
3532:
3526:
3523:. Macmillan.
3522:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3429:0-395-20729-0
3425:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3390:
3384:
3381:. Routledge.
3380:
3376:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3306:
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3264:
3257:
3250:
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3189:
3185:
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3036:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3006:
3004:9783932392382
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2985:Thomas Hobbes
2980:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2908:
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2887:
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2868:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2803:
2801:0-618-05707-2
2797:
2793:
2789:
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2779:
2777:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2732:
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2721:
2715:
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2698:
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2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2615:'s 1977 book
2614:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2534:Citta-saáčtÄna
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:William James
2489:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
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2444:
2435:
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2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2300:'s 2001 book
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:Julian Jaynes
2224:
2220:
2213:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:parietal lobe
2184:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:interoception
1973:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1908:A variety of
1906:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:William James
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:metacognitive
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1604:Bernard Baars
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:temporal lobe
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1449:Christof Koch
1444:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:Gordon Gallup
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1284:Donald Michie
1281:
1276:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1252:in androids.
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:Roger Penrose
1202:
1198:
1193:
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1188:Roger Penrose
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
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1141:Christof Koch
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1116:Man a Machine
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1067:
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1057:
1056:
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1047:
1042:
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1032:
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1024:
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1002:
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957:William Lycan
953:
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915:
906:
903:
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886:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:comprehension
857:
853:
848:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
793:processes of
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:introspection
768:
764:
763:Julian Jaynes
761:perspective,
760:
755:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
718:
715:
704:
699:
695:
693:
689:
685:
684:Consciousness
680:
678:
674:
668:
663:
661:
660:
653:
651:
645:
643:
642:William James
639:
638:introspection
628:
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
593:introspection
588:
584:
582:
581:William James
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
553:of the mind.
550:
548:
543:
539:
525:
524:consciousness
521:
519:
518:Consciousness
516:
515:
514:
512:
511:
506:
501:
498:
497:
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491:
482:
479:
477:
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464:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
446:
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438:
437:
436:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
425:consciousness
421:
419:
415:
414:mental entity
411:
407:
403:
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395:
394:consciousness
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:consciousness
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341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
321:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
270:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
237:
235:
231:
230:conscius sibi
227:
226:
221:
220:Thomas Hobbes
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:explored by "
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
140:metacognition
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:, of private
109:
108:introspection
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
77:Consciousness
72:
69:
66:, an English
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
13867: /
13863: /
13859: /
13776:Mental image
13771:Mental event
13734:Intelligence
13708:
13684:Chinese room
13530:
13481:Gilbert Ryle
13461:Derek Parfit
13451:Thomas Nagel
13381:Fred Dretske
13301:J. L. Austin
13273:Philosophers
13213:
13199:
13187:
13175:
13070:Oliver Sacks
13040:Muriel Lezak
13035:Edith Kaplan
13005:Phineas Gage
12923:
12881:Neuroanatomy
12689:
12682:
12672:Tao Te Ching
12670:
12653:
12636:
12629:
12607:
12567:Spiritualism
12396:Supplication
12078:Supernatural
12068:Spiritualism
11943:Kevala jnana
11873:Emanationism
11837:
11782:Spirituality
11490:
11362:
11348:
11336:
11329:
11322:
11315:
11303:
11296:
11289:
11282:
11275:
11263:
11208:Subconscious
11168:
11154:Quantum mind
10646:Roger Sperry
10621:Karl Pribram
10569:Neuroscience
10479:Thomas Nagel
10354:Fred Dretske
10329:David Pearce
10304:Colin McGinn
10247:
10175:
10165:at Wikiquote
10153:at Wikibooks
10026:
10019:Moscovitch M
9996:
9974:
9952:
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9669:
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9570:
9544:
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9524:. Retrieved
9515:
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9474:
9470:
9460:
9449:. Retrieved
9434:
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9386:
9375:. Retrieved
9365:
9359:
9322:(1): 26â31.
9319:
9315:
9299:
9271:
9261:
9242:
9233:
9214:The Mind's I
9213:
9199:
9180:
9174:
9163:. Retrieved
9151:Ada Lovelace
9145:
9125:
9119:
9095:
9087:the original
9081:
9075:
9052:The Mind's I
9051:
9042:
9033:
9014:
9011:Thomas Nagel
9005:
8988:
8984:
8975:
8964:. Retrieved
8914:(1): 80â83.
8911:
8907:
8897:
8889:
8875:
8869:
8859:
8858:
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8611:
8600:the original
8571:
8568:N Engl J Med
8567:
8554:
8527:
8523:
8513:
8480:
8476:
8470:
8437:
8433:
8410:. Retrieved
8406:the original
8395:
8369:
8361:
8353:
8348:
8337:the original
8308:
8305:N Engl J Med
8304:
8291:
8272:
8216:
8210:
8200:
8188:. Retrieved
8169:
8156:
8147:
8141:
8130:. Retrieved
8112:
8092:
8050:
8046:
8040:
8007:
8003:
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7971:
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7938:
7934:
7921:
7909:. Retrieved
7890:
7883:
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7843:
7839:
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7794:
7788:
7777:. Retrieved
7768:
7755:
7722:
7718:
7712:
7703:
7699:
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7681:
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7585:
7574:. Retrieved
7567:the original
7536:
7532:
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7492:
7481:the original
7452:
7448:
7387:
7383:
7373:
7343:(1): 47â52.
7340:
7336:
7327:
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7259:
7255:
7226:. Elsevier.
7223:
7213:
7192:
7177:
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7140:
7134:
7123:. Retrieved
7109:(13): 1â22.
7106:
7102:
7089:
7062:
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6990:
6980:
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6918:. Retrieved
6904:
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6723:
6719:
6709:
6701:
6696:
6685:. Retrieved
6644:
6640:
6613:. Retrieved
6577:
6573:
6560:
6515:
6462:(2): 41â62.
6459:
6455:
6431:. Retrieved
6395:
6391:
6342:
6338:
6332:
6321:. Retrieved
6278:
6274:
6264:
6256:
6251:
6210:
6206:
6197:
6164:
6160:
6151:
6118:
6114:
6086:
6027:
6023:
5982:
5978:
5972:
5929:
5925:
5911:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5774:
5771:i-Perception
5770:
5746:. Retrieved
5710:
5706:
5683:
5678:
5667:the original
5638:
5634:
5614:
5563:
5559:
5549:
5541:
5536:
5516:
5506:
5474:(12): 1657.
5471:
5467:Scholarpedia
5465:
5455:
5436:
5427:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5343:
5339:
5330:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5257:(5): 28â33.
5254:
5250:
5244:
5211:
5207:
5179:
5164:
5155:
5151:
5142:
5131:. Retrieved
5112:
5099:
5080:
5044:
5040:
5008:
5002:
4983:
4974:
4961:
4942:
4929:
4920:
4902:
4894:
4889:
4870:
4864:
4855:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4829:
4820:
4801:
4776:
4761:
4743:. Retrieved
4728:
4716:. Retrieved
4702:
4692:
4673:
4663:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4597:
4588:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4517:December 25,
4515:. Retrieved
4505:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4467:
4434:
4423:
4403:
4393:
4372:
4361:
4342:
4333:
4314:
4308:
4297:. Retrieved
4282:
4271:. Retrieved
4257:
4238:
4232:
4202:
4185:
4180:
4169:the original
4148:
4144:
4131:
4112:
4103:
4095:the original
4090:
4086:
4073:
4053:
4043:
4032:. Retrieved
4013:
4000:
3980:
3976:Gilbert Ryle
3970:
3938:
3934:
3921:
3910:. Retrieved
3908:. PhilPapers
3900:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3848:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3803:
3793:
3774:
3768:
3748:
3703:
3694:
3674:
3667:
3639:
3613:
3600:
3591:
3587:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3520:
3499:
3493:
3484:
3478:
3469:
3451:
3417:
3378:
3375:Edward Craig
3369:
3361:the original
3356:
3351:
3344:
3333:. Retrieved
3323:
3316:
3296:
3289:
3283:(1): 93â121.
3280:
3276:
3263:
3249:
3239:
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:the original
3177:
3158:
3152:
3140:
3137:Paul Tannery
3131:
3106:
3102:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3042:
3035:
3026:
3019:James Ussher
3013:
2989:
2979:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2917:
2901:
2890:. Retrieved
2881:
2877:
2867:
2827:
2823:
2810:
2791:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2750:
2731:
2719:
2714:
2701:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2577:
2569:
2567:
2552:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2476:
2452:
2443:Chinese room
2440:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2381:anticipating
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2359:invented by
2353:Ada Lovelace
2334:
2320:
2317:
2306:
2302:Animal Minds
2301:
2288:
2281:Thomas Nagel
2277:
2268:
2257:Thomas Nagel
2247:
2223:Robyn Fivush
2215:
2178:
2172:
2156:Chronic coma
2129:quadriplegia
2119:Description
2080:chronic coma
2061:
2052:
2032:
2025:
2012:bioethicists
2008:medical coma
1996:neurologists
1993:
1989:
1972:Charles Tart
1969:
1962:
1938:psychedelics
1912:, including
1907:
1903:
1892:
1888:
1859:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1789:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1761:Animal Minds
1760:
1753:
1748:
1736:
1713:
1705:
1683:Karl Friston
1680:
1657:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1594:
1587:
1557:
1550:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1493:
1470:
1454:
1397:
1384:
1371:
1355:
1333:case studies
1322:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1261:
1254:
1235:
1213:
1172:Karl Pribram
1164:quantum mind
1157:
1129:neuroscience
1120:
1114:
1107:
1070:
1066:pineal gland
1059:
1055:res cogitans
1053:
1043:
1040:
1031:pineal gland
998:
992:
989:
982:
969:
964:
960:
954:
921:
917:
912:
898:Gilbert Ryle
894:
881:
849:
846:
838:anthropology
823:
756:
734:
728:
711:
701:
697:
683:
682:
672:
670:
665:
657:
655:
649:
647:
635:
618:
612:
608:
605:
578:
569:
555:
535:
523:
517:
508:
502:
494:
488:
486:
480:
475:
465:
460:
453:
449:
444:
439:
428:
424:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
391:
368:
361:
357:
353:
351:
340:Encyclopédie
327:
325:
318:
304:
298:
278:
266:
262:
258:
240:
238:
229:
223:
210:
205:
201:
194:
188:
175:mental event
171:mental state
148:
92:philosophers
76:
75:
64:Robert Fludd
60:17th century
51:
13861:information
13852:Metaphysics
13826:Tabula rasa
13636:Physicalism
13621:Parallelism
13549:Behaviorism
13506:Michael Tye
13501:Alan Turing
13486:John Searle
13361:Dharmakirti
13336:Tyler Burge
13331:C. D. Broad
12871:Human brain
12735:Forgiveness
12547:Panentheism
12492:Esotericism
12296:Nonviolence
12281:Monasticism
12271:Ministering
12226:Glossolalia
12181:Channelling
11958:Metaphysics
11923:Inner peace
11888:Eschatology
11533:Prospection
11506:Imagination
11469:Forecasting
11449:Association
10841:Physicalism
10836:Parallelism
10831:Panpsychism
10801:Materialism
10776:Emergentism
10666:Wolf Singer
10535:Kurt Koffka
10464:Philip Goff
10439:Michael Tye
10434:Max Velmans
10414:Karl Popper
10404:John Searle
10389:John Eccles
10374:Georges Rey
9945:Schneider S
9727:Satsangi PS
9657:James Joyce
9392:John Searle
7964:Stickgold R
7591:John Eccles
7051:T.H. Huxley
7020:2066/175365
6823:: 167â178.
6479:2066/228876
6345:: 568â587.
6203:John Eccles
6161:Experientia
6157:J.C. Eccles
6121:(1): 1â33.
5947:2268/171542
4802:Other Minds
4594:John Searle
4186:Sam Harris.
3635:Metzinger T
3584:Max Velmans
2957:C. S. Lewis
2724:G. F. Stout
2559:James Joyce
2543:mindfulness
2447:John Searle
2445:argument",
2403:Turing test
2393:Alan Turing
2206:In children
2179:Anosognosia
2175:anosognosia
2164:Brain death
2092:brain death
2090:. Finally,
2039:neurologist
1980:synesthesia
1745:Karl Popper
1598:(GWT) is a
1408:mirror test
1379:Turing test
1362:Necker cube
1350:Necker cube
1340:Measurement
1095:physicalism
1061:res extensa
834:linguistics
801:, reactive
791:unconscious
714:Max Velmans
410:unconscious
381:defined by
362:experiences
295:philosopher
259:conscientia
242:conscientia
151:wakefulness
116:imagination
100:theologians
68:Paracelsian
13912:Categories
13897:Task Force
13865:perception
13739:Artificial
13689:Creativity
13611:Nondualism
13511:Vasubandhu
13431:John Locke
13401:David Hume
13356:Andy Clark
12995:David Bohm
12959:Perception
12891:Phrenology
12720:Compassion
12666:Sufi texts
12638:Dhammapada
12557:Polytheism
12537:Nondualism
12517:Monotheism
12507:Henotheism
12502:Gnosticism
12426:Veneration
12366:Sahaj marg
12341:Revivalism
12336:Repentance
12306:Pilgrimage
12261:Meditation
12236:Iconolatry
12141:Asceticism
12018:Revelation
11983:Paranormal
11963:Mind's eye
11928:Involution
11883:Epigenesis
11714:Mental set
11593:Peripheral
11543:Perception
11526:strategies
11233:Upanishads
11034:Experience
10999:Blindsight
10826:Nondualism
10707:Max Planck
10687:David Bohm
10503:Psychology
10394:John Locke
10319:David Hume
10262:Philosophy
10211:Philosophy
10111:Audio help
10102:2023-07-30
10023:Thompson E
9993:Thompson E
9893:Mogensen J
9786:Frankish K
9731:Hameroff S
9699:Ken Wilber
9526:2016-12-06
9451:2011-10-26
9377:2012-02-20
9165:2011-09-10
8966:2011-10-25
8132:2011-10-26
7911:27 October
7779:2011-10-26
7706:: 313â321.
7576:2017-10-25
7125:2019-07-05
6920:2019-07-05
6687:2023-05-21
6433:2023-01-17
6323:2022-05-06
5748:2022-03-02
5133:2011-10-31
4897:: NJ: LEA.
4858:: 164â167.
4836:: 322â325.
4745:2011-10-25
4299:2011-10-24
4273:2010-08-22
4034:2011-09-10
3912:2023-12-15
3594:: 139â156.
3452:Psychology
3335:2018-10-23
3243:. Knapton.
3219:August 20,
3194:August 20,
2939:Barfield O
2892:2021-08-19
2742:References
2613:Ken Wilber
2538:mindstream
2464:categorize
2424:technology
2349:homunculus
2238:In animals
2210:See also:
2022:Assessment
1965:meditation
1950:psilocybin
1922:stimulants
1878:meditating
1839:exaptation
1801:adaptation
1412:great apes
1331:), and on
1306:, and the
1178:, and the
1176:David Bohm
1125:psychology
984:Sam Harris
934:introspect
918:phenomenal
830:psychology
799:perception
767:experience
731:experience
703:conscious.
597:experiment
402:perception
387:perception
383:John Locke
375:phenomenon
336:d'Alembert
328:conscience
320:Dictionary
301:John Locke
289:John Locke
239:The Latin
136:perception
128:experience
96:scientists
43:Conscience
13948:Emergence
13761:Intuition
13694:Cognition
13658:Solipsism
13321:Ned Block
13291:Armstrong
13286:Aristotle
12919:Attention
12755:Intuition
12740:Gratitude
12710:Awareness
12552:Pantheism
12527:Mysticism
12522:Monolatry
12436:Wabi-sabi
12431:Vipassana
12381:Shamanism
12371:Sainthood
12356:Sacrifice
12351:Sacrament
12266:Martyrdom
12246:Kinomichi
12201:Entheogen
12146:Astrology
12113:Practices
12023:Salvation
11908:Existence
11848:Cosmology
11843:Cosmogony
11823:Awakening
11808:Afterlife
11689:Intention
11674:Attention
11608:Harmonics
11561:RGB model
11511:Intuition
11481:Foresight
11474:affective
11454:Awareness
11441:Cognition
11248:Yogachara
11183:Sentience
11044:Free will
10984:Awareness
10972:Attention
10861:Solipsism
10576:Anil Seth
10449:Ned Block
10067:hour and
10015:Zelazo PD
9949:Velmans M
9835:233977060
9764:Dehaene S
9571:SAGE Open
9518:: 51â70.
9404:CiteSeerX
9282:0812.4360
8938:169038149
8830:169038149
8806:(1): 74.
8477:Neurology
8190:5 October
7960:Hobson JA
7815:170892645
7541:CiteSeerX
6661:1471-0048
6574:Cognition
6520:CiteSeerX
6496:220529998
6420:242810797
6367:221084519
6295:0028-3878
6275:Neurology
6143:206054149
5979:BioEssays
5881:CiteSeerX
5791:2041-6695
5743:195806018
5727:0959-4388
5590:0036-8075
5376:145295899
4735:"Zombies"
4713:1095-5054
4547:0809.4906
4217:Page 52.
4006:Ned Block
3864:Neurology
3182:Locke J.
3123:218603781
3073:Mnemosyne
2941:(1962) .
2790:(2000) .
2718:From the
2656:Claustrum
2647:Chaitanya
2499:of 1890.
2460:grounding
2395:, titled
2385:available
2369:originate
2341:Pygmalion
2104:grand mal
2058:Disorders
2048:pediatric
1958:serotonin
1946:mescaline
1918:sedatives
1773:reentrant
1668:psychosis
1648:Attention
1644:attention
1642:. In the
1630:In 2011,
1590:Anil Seth
1432:elephants
1220:free will
1046:Descartes
993:Zhuangzi.
914:Ned Block
807:attention
803:awareness
795:cognition
779:Descartes
659:awareness
650:postulate
585:container
579:In 1892,
406:conscious
371:Aristotle
358:functions
225:Leviathan
216:knowledge
185:Etymology
124:cognition
88:existence
81:awareness
71:physician
13973:Ontology
13882:Category
13729:Identity
13672:Concepts
13542:Theories
13526:Zhuangzi
13456:Alva Noë
13177:Category
12964:Planning
12939:Learning
12785:Patience
12760:Kindness
12691:Zhuangzi
12562:Religion
12542:Pandeism
12482:Darshana
12301:Pacifism
12286:Muraqaba
12276:Miracles
12211:Exorcism
12206:Epiphany
12186:Chanting
12176:Celibacy
12171:Blessing
12131:Altruism
12048:Shunyata
11998:Prophecy
11898:Eternity
11801:Concepts
11729:Volition
11719:Thinking
11699:Learning
11648:Encoding
11383:Category
11119:Ontology
11074:Illusion
10791:Idealism
10740:Theories
10199:Medicine
10113: ·
9995:(2014).
9973:(2021).
9917:(2012).
9872:(2019).
9788:(2021).
9766:(2014).
9701:(2002).
9677:(1905).
9659:(1990).
9543:(1890).
9520:Archived
9493:12613670
9445:Archived
9426:55303721
9371:Archived
9348:Archived
9307:(1990).
9269:(2009).
9241:(1997).
9211:(1985).
9159:Archived
9108:Archived
9049:(eds.).
8960:Archived
8930:31142189
8822:31142189
8732:(eds.).
8703:(eds.).
8682:40751848
8674:19809315
8639:21112421
8596:13358991
8588:20130250
8546:19710182
8505:30959964
8497:20554939
8462:13550675
8454:16616561
8412:March 2,
8253:20824211
8212:PLOS One
8184:Archived
8164:(2001).
8126:Archived
8075:24473529
8067:18522873
8032:28276470
8024:18086461
7986:Archived
7966:(2003).
7943:Archived
7860:15631555
7773:Archived
7763:(2002).
7739:18164042
7655:(1993).
7593:(1992).
7563:16484193
7469:16262477
7424:16818879
7357:11849615
7307:(2001).
7288:24109460
7189:(1977).
7119:Archived
7097:(1879).
7095:W. James
7053:(1874).
7029:28554611
6972:27624312
6914:Archived
6896:24550805
6837:29548884
6802:31221820
6750:22121395
6681:Archived
6677:21347087
6669:27225071
6606:Archived
6594:11164022
6552:16186014
6488:32663056
6424:Archived
6412:35505255
6359:32783969
6317:Archived
6313:27815400
6243:23188208
6189:35174442
6135:11250060
6085:(2000).
5999:16108067
5956:23946194
5903:12522199
5858:16732916
5850:17178409
5809:32782769
5735:31271931
5713:: 1â10.
5663:13960489
5655:12555104
5626:(2003).
5606:34728448
5598:24763592
5514:(2002).
5498:34682132
5435:(2004).
5419:13323524
5411:19716185
5314:19020512
5279:29565878
5228:17992078
5172:(1996).
5158:: 19â30.
5127:Archived
5107:(1992).
5063:16900839
4982:(1993).
4912:Archived
4910:. 2021.
4739:Archived
4655:35617922
4633:: 8â14.
4596:(1997).
4580:23336691
4572:20866851
4511:Archived
4466:(2004).
4431:(1991).
4401:(1999).
4369:(1993).
4293:Archived
4267:Archived
4222:Archived
4211:Archived
4192:Archived
4165:41023484
4111:(1996).
4081:(1995).
4051:(2004).
4028:Archived
4008:(1998).
3978:(1949).
3959:Archived
3892:32561349
3884:17242341
3832:7 August
3826:Archived
3559:: 19â44.
3414:(1976).
3412:Jaynes J
3329:Archived
3305:Archived
3237:(1756).
3139:(eds.),
3025:(1613).
2987:(1904).
2922:Archived
2909:(2012).
2907:Hacker P
2886:Archived
2856:Archived
2852:10241157
2844:14656513
2788:Jaynes J
2662:Habenula
2634:See also
2337:artifact
2272:pictured
2116:Disorder
2100:delirium
2096:dementia
2010:. Also,
1932:such as
1926:cannabis
1899:dreaming
1724:Automata
1632:Graziano
1555:humans.
1316:and the
1099:idealism
938:remember
930:perceive
864:delirium
852:medicine
811:learning
797:such as
688:feelings
542:metaphor
468:feelings
323:(1755).
202:conscius
155:selfhood
120:volition
85:external
13892:Project
13845:Related
13704:Concept
13559:Dualism
13532:more...
13391:Goldman
13189:Commons
12974:Thought
12914:Arousal
12745:Honesty
12725:Empathy
12715:Charity
12702:Virtues
12655:I Ching
12592:Vedanta
12532:New Age
12472:Advaita
12446:Worship
12416:Tithing
12411:Theosis
12406:Tai chi
12361:SÄdhanÄ
12316:Qawwali
12221:Fasting
12033:Satguru
12028:Samadhi
12008:Reality
11978:Nirvana
11653:Storage
11521:methods
11393:Commons
11170:Purusha
11159:Reentry
10952:Agnosia
10875:Science
10255:Figures
10185:Portals
10100: (
10071:minutes
9915:Prinz J
9661:Ulysses
9344:2294583
9324:Bibcode
9287:Bibcode
9057:403â414
8333:5112573
8325:8164698
8244:2930851
8221:Bibcode
7868:6909813
7747:7791431
7639:1502142
7607:Bibcode
7477:2298524
7415:1487169
7392:Bibcode
7365:6386902
7279:3790330
7262:: 667.
7169:9299304
7149:Bibcode
7067:Bibcode
7037:4476538
6999:Bibcode
6963:5004455
6946:: 423.
6887:3909994
6845:4483591
6793:6588209
6741:3223025
6615:5 April
6602:1762431
6304:5177681
6235:2165613
6215:Bibcode
6181:7151952
6060:4262990
6052:7753166
6032:Bibcode
5964:8686961
5800:7401056
5568:Bibcode
5560:Science
5476:Bibcode
5368:4982211
5348:Bibcode
5340:Science
5322:1495720
5259:Bibcode
5236:7097163
4718:May 26,
4635:Bibcode
4552:Bibcode
3955:2444730
3631:Frith C
3147:(1908).
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