1442:
1222:
90:
1207:
918:
952:
935:
889:
969:
1192:
366:
874:
71:
1454:
79:
208:
901:
333:
Equipment on board includes an ice machine of five-ton daily capacity and a freezer that turns out more than a gallon of ice cream a minute. Three of the floating warehouses, designed for tropical warfare, have been built of concrete at
National City, Calif., and cost $ 1,120,000 each. In the crew of the 265-ft. barges are 23 Army men.
1340:
ordered the production of 50 concrete ships for different purposes. Most were concrete barges made for oil transportation from
Romania, and needed raw materials that were driven to the Baltic front. A smaller number of ships was intended for transporting food (specializing in cold storages). The most
229:
program which oversaw the construction of 24 ferrocement ships for the war. However, when the war ended in
November 1918, only 12 ferrocement ships were under construction and none of them had been completed. These 12 ships were eventually completed, but soon sold to private companies who used them
332:
Largest unit of the Army's fleet is a BRL, (Barge, Refrigerated, Large) which is going to the South
Pacific to serve fresh frozen foods – even ice cream – to troops weary of dry rations. The vessel can keep 64 carloads of frozen meats and 500 tons of fresh produce indefinitely at 12°F.
34:
bars. This contrasts against more traditional materials, such as pure steel or wood. The advantage of ferrocement construction is that materials are cheap and readily available, while the disadvantages are that construction labor costs are high, as are operating costs. (Ferrocement ships require
236:
Between the world wars, there was little commercial or military interest in concrete ship construction. The reason was that other shipbuilding methods were cheaper and less labor-intensive, and other kinds of ships were cheaper to operate. However, in 1942, after the U.S. entered
58:. Few concrete ships were completed in time to see wartime service during World War I, but during 1944 and 1945, concrete ships and barges were used to support U.S. and British invasions in Europe and the Pacific. Since the late 1930s, there have also been ferrocement
1184:
air raid on 20 March 1945. In the late 1950s Polish authorities decided to lift it and tow it to another location to be converted into swimming pools, but during that operation it began sinking again, so it was abandoned in shallow water, where it has remained since.
154:. With the success of this ship, additional ferrocement vessels were ordered, and in October 1917, the U.S. government invited Fougner to head a study into the feasibility of building ferrocement ships in the United States. The Fougner Concrete Shipbuilding Company,
1441:
35:
thick hulls, which results in either a larger cross-sectional area that hurts hydrodynamics, or leaves less space for cargo.) During the late 19th century, there were concrete river barges in Europe, and during both
2204:
134:
Between 1908 and 1914, larger ferrocement barges began to be made in
Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Norway and United States. The remains of a British ship of this type, the auxiliary coaster
302:, was partially removed in 2003 by the local sailing club, whose land it was on, for fear it was a "danger to children". Local historians disagreed with the club and were displeased with their actions.
276:. In 1940, 200 were commissioned to serve as petrol-carrying barges. The barges weighed 160 tons and were constructed on the London dockside before being craned into the water by a giant crane.
380:
Modern hobbyists also build ferrocement boats (ferroboats), as their construction methods do not require special tools, and the materials are comparatively cheap. Since the 1960s, the
279:
Some barges were fitted with engines and used as mobile canteens and troop carriers. Some of these vessels survive as abandoned wrecks or sea defenses (against storm surges) in the
150:
On August 2, 1917, Nicolay
Fougner of Norway launched the first self-propelled ferrocement ship intended for ocean travel. This was an 84-foot (26 m) vessel of 400 tons named
127:
were built in Europe for use on canals, and around 1896, an
Italian engineer, Carlo Gabellini, began building small ships out of ferrocement. The most famous of his ships was the
1740:
313:
which they claimed could achieve speeds of 75 knots. The war ended any more research into the project. In retrospect many believe the claims were greatly overstated.
1078:
226:
2368:
2264:
1388:
2871:
784:
233:
Other countries that looked into ferrocement ship construction during this period included Canada, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United
Kingdom.
1550:
506:
1641:
2324:
499:
2225:
2099:
1341:
valuable ships were the specialized ship-hospitals, which evacuated seriously wounded and "important" soldiers to German hospitals along rivers.
2882:
2914:
2337:
2317:
2289:
2255:
403:
Surviving wartime concrete ships are no longer in use as ships. Several continue in use in various forms, mostly as museums or breakwaters.
43:, steel shortages led the US military to order the construction of small fleets of ocean-going concrete ships, the largest of which was the
1221:
253:, and at its peak, it employed 6,000 workers. The U.S. government also contracted with two companies in California for the construction of
217:, originally meant for merchant service in the first World War, but completed in 1919. (Naval History and Heritage Command - Photo NH 799)
2862:
2303:
2296:
1719:
2361:
2194:
1624:
1336:
Due to the need to deliver necessary raw materials (such as oil, weapons, ammunition, food and drugs) through mined river currents,
1786:
1995:
1812:
1836:
775:, a concrete gasoline barge built for the US Navy in 1942 and placed in service in 1943. The wreck is often misidentified as a
2516:
2354:
1912:
1737:
1092:
during the first half of the twentieth century as a method to prevent coastal erosion, includes eight ferro-concrete barges.
317:
51:
2039:"Department of Defense Legacy Management Program. Underwater Cultural Resources Management and Protection. Project (01-121)"
2199:
1407:
747:
683:
422:
381:
185:), and hired Alan Macdonald and Victor Poss to design the first American ferrocement ship, a 6,125-ton steamer named the
2166:
Beachead Cargo, Iwo Jima, Arvin S. Gibson, Staff
Sergeant, U.S. Army, Transportation Corps, Hq. and Hq. Co., AGF, APO 86
2073:
1356:
1266:
798:
622:
573:
468:
1305:
1095:
1049:
995:
668:, a concrete tanker launched on May 29, 1919, was purchased and turned into an amusement pier, and is still visible at
516:
1132:
839:
2248:
1536:
1607:
249:
to build 24 self-propelled concrete ships. Construction started in July 1943. The shipyard was at
Hookers Point in
1384:, to make a breakwater by the US forces in 1945. Most of them were broken by typhoons but one was used as a pier.
951:
2855:
2721:
2695:
241:, the U.S. military found that its contractors had steel shortages. Consequently, the U.S. government contracted
181:
took the initiative to build ferrocement ships on his own. He formed the San Francisco Ship Building Company (in
2013:
934:
2708:
1756:
880:
412:
284:
1206:
917:
113:
89:
1868:
1554:
2241:
1489:
260:
In Europe, ferrocement barges (FCBs) played a crucial role in World War II operations, particularly in the
1645:
2848:
888:
719:
257:. Barge ships were large vessels that lacked engines to propel them. Instead, they were towed by tugs.
246:
167:
2509:
1887:
Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil: The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific during World War II
1236:
559:
984:
One of the few concrete ships built for but not completed in time to be used in World War I, the SS
1597:
873:
391:
In Europe, especially the Netherlands, concrete is still used to build some of the barges on which
1191:
733:, that ran aground on December 31, 1936. The wreck is periodically exposed by strong storm tides.
2933:
2051:
1478:
1240:
1039:
321:
2494:
1295:
350:
201:
2176:
1692:
968:
2214:
1716:
654:, ending the war, so it never saw wartime duty and instead was used as an oil tanker in the
2685:
2681:
2662:
2502:
2418:
2412:
2391:
2038:
1024:
789:
730:
669:
651:
458:
288:
178:
1453:
8:
2938:
1621:
182:
105:
27:
2377:
1890:
1508:
55:
2675:
2577:
2552:
2547:
2113:
2943:
2727:
2165:
2093:
261:
242:
900:
450:, where a lumber mill uses ten floating ferrocement ships as a breakwater, known as
2714:
1213:
1089:
416:
265:
2034:
1947:
1916:
2948:
2310:
2219:
1744:
1723:
1628:
1401:
1228:
1126:
1043:
923:
605:
140:
44:
2346:
1962:
196:
was launched March 18, 1918. She cost $ 750,000 to build. She was used to carry
2890:
2701:
1678:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Division for Economics and History.
1473:
957:
723:
655:
462:
385:
365:
273:
254:
250:
222:
1757:"D-Day 1944 and Why They Owe Me a Trip on the Queen Mary by Richard R. Powers"
1639:
National Register of Historic Vessels, Name: Violette, Certificate Number 716.
1400:) during World War II. After the war, two of them turned into a breakwater in
2927:
2584:
2439:
1936:
1483:
1422:
1409:
1371:
1358:
1320:
1307:
1281:
1268:
1244:
1147:
1134:
1110:
1097:
1064:
1051:
1010:
997:
854:
841:
813:
800:
762:
749:
698:
685:
637:
624:
588:
575:
531:
518:
483:
470:
437:
424:
299:
159:
59:
1173:
1125:
A large collection of abandoned concrete barges are seen at River Thames in
1031:, Ireland, and is considered of much interest to the area's many tourists.
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2734:
2644:
2612:
2606:
2590:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2542:
2537:
2481:
2474:
2446:
2275:
1337:
1181:
1169:
1085:
940:
776:
662:
612:
280:
238:
213:
155:
40:
2818:
2805:
2788:
2782:
2467:
2432:
2425:
1028:
906:
552:
292:
36:
23:
1574:
736:
The vessel aground in the surf at Shipwreck Beach on the north shore of
544:, where it served as a hotel, then as a base for divers. Currently, the
2830:
2460:
2405:
2398:
2282:
1852:
677:
567:
310:
197:
2233:
2896:
2826:
2822:
2639:
2634:
2629:
989:
830:
616:
451:
392:
306:
269:
2840:
2145:
2133:
1760:
1592:
Eberhardt, Robert. "Concrete Shipbuilding in San Diego, 1918–1920,"
867:. It is a popular snorkeling site and boating landmark in the area.
78:
70:
2453:
1177:
563:
370:
354:
186:
162:, reported calculated cost was of $ 290 per deadweight ton for the
1259:. After the war, many of the vessels were used as piers (e.g., in
1243:
built 24 concrete cargo vessels for transporting goods to various
2738:
2668:
2524:
1299:
1256:
496:, is formed by nine sunken concrete ships built in World War II.
373:
346:
83:
2074:"Visit the SS Crete Boom – the fabled concrete ship in Ballina"
1996:"Famed Calif. 'cement ship' flipped, broken up by strong waves"
1982:
1350:
1260:
1252:
741:
342:
207:
109:
101:
2205:
Images of concrete vessels from the National Monuments Record
2741:
1248:
737:
673:
124:
117:
31:
1900:
1717:"McCloskey & Co., Hookers Point, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A."
836:
is visible slightly south of Bimini Island in the Bahamas,
510:
144:
2207:
Photographic record of the construction and launch of the
1889:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953.
1622:
Svenska, På. "The History about the Ferro-Concrete Ships."
200:
for trade until 1921, when she was sold and scrapped as a
1349:
Several concrete ships were aground on the west beach of
82:
Concrete boat constructed by Walter Dowsey hauled out in
2146:"Historia betonowych wraków na jeziorze Dąbie i Bałtyku"
1867:
650:. The ship was launched the same day Germany signed the
2041:. Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, pp. 373–375.
1534:
2211:
at Preston and the Seacraft Concrete Co on the Mersey.
1738:"Builders of Concrete Ships: WWII Construction Record"
1983:"Concrete Ships.org: An Experiment in Ship Building"
558:(commissioned in 1919, sunk in 1926) is visible off
268:
defenses, for fuel and munitions transportation, as
1088:, a collection of vessels intentionally beached at
2054:. Mount Pleasant Historical Commission. 2012-02-13
2052:"Mount Pleasant Old Sunken Hull Historical Marker"
54:(MARAD) designation for concrete ships-barges was
2915:List of auxiliary ships of the United States Navy
2376:
2338:List of auxiliary ships of the United States Navy
305:In 1944 a concrete firm in California proposed a
2925:
177:About the same time, the California businessman
1787:"Local History - Concrete Barges and The Diver"
1530:
1528:
298:One notable wartime FCB, previously beached at
1395:
100:The oldest known ferrocement watercraft was a
2856:
2525:World War II Maritime Commission ship designs
2510:
2362:
2249:
2200:Comprehensive list of ferro-concrete builders
2106:
505:, a former oil tanker, lies off the coast of
16:Ship whose hull is primarily made of concrete
1551:"WWII Builders of Concrete Ships and Barges"
1525:
1163:
611:is located northwest of the fishing pier at
2098:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1978:
1976:
1974:
1913:"History of the Concrete Canoe Competition"
1733:
1731:
1669:H. Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1922.
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
711:. It broke up during a January 2017 storm.
112:in 1848. Lambot's boat was featured in the
2863:
2849:
2517:
2503:
2369:
2355:
2256:
2242:
2215:"Pour in the Concrete and Take Out a Ship"
2033:Roberts, Stephen S. (September 14, 2010).
1781:
1779:
1777:
398:
2071:
2035:"Class: Concrete Barges (YO-144, YOG-40)"
1617:
1615:
1537:"S.S. Selma Ship Texas Historical Marker"
1971:
1810:
1728:
1680:Preliminary Economic Studies of the War.
1579:
364:
206:
88:
77:
69:
2263:
1774:
230:for light-trading, storage, and scrap.
2926:
2127:
1948:"The Powell River Floating Breakwater"
1682:London: Oxford University Press, 1919.
1612:
1387:Japan built four concrete ships named
264:, where they were used as part of the
2870:
2844:
2498:
2350:
2237:
2016:. San Diego Union-Tribune. 2010-01-31
1239:(1942–1944) during World War II, the
52:United States Maritime Administration
1811:Hallmann, Robert (20 October 2010).
123:Beginning in the 1860s, ferrocement
1038:, is beached in the harbour of the
382:American Society of Civil Engineers
316:Concrete barges also served in the
13:
1901:"The World of Ferro-Cement Boats."
1667:Seagoing and Other Concrete Ships.
14:
2960:
2188:
2114:"Aberdeen Ships | Cretetree"
2014:"Tide, storms expose gaming ship"
1575:A Brief History of Concrete Ships
357:, but the rest served admirably.
211:The American concrete oil tanker
1452:
1440:
1251:. These were constructed in the
1220:
1205:
1190:
967:
950:
933:
916:
899:
887:
872:
406:
349:, and another barge damaged the
337:One concrete barge under tow by
2195:History of ferro-concrete ships
2170:
2159:
2138:
2065:
2044:
2027:
2006:
1988:
1956:
1941:
1930:
1905:
1894:
1879:
1875:. Lighthouses of Australia Inc.
1861:
1845:
1830:
1804:
1749:
1710:
1685:
1672:
1486:, former concrete hospital ship
1180:, Poland. It was sunk during a
320:during 1944 and 1945. From the
2148:. Nortus & Potworna spółka
1693:"Concrete Barge Elmarine 1919"
1659:
1633:
1601:
1568:
1543:
1501:
287:.) Two remain in civil use as
74:Blueprints for a concrete boat
1:
2037:; Van Tilburg, Hans K. 2003.
1535:State Historical Commission.
1495:
411:The largest collection is at
221:On April 12, 1918, President
174:which they presumably built.
139:(built 1919), can be seen at
2229:, June 1943, Popular Science
1937:"Amsterdam Houseboat Trivia"
1791:www.londonriversidebid.co.uk
1608:"Working Lives--Pat Durkin."
1594:Journal of San Diego History
1490:Trefoil class concrete barge
170:"10.21 30 October") and the
7:
1665:Fougner, Nicolay Knudtzon.
1467:
1237:German occupation of Greece
384:has sponsored the National
227:Emergency Fleet Corporation
10:
2965:
2227:"How Pour Ships Are Made"
2072:m4Y0N04TH (17 June 2019).
1298:(e.g., in Agios Georgios,
720:Wilmington, North Carolina
247:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
168:List of shipwrecks in 1920
65:
2907:
2878:
2815:
2798:
2751:
2654:
2622:
2599:
2530:
2387:
2335:
2271:
1873:Lighthouses of Queensland
1813:"Canvey's Concrete Barge"
1396:
1081:, and completed in 1919.
1023:just outside the town of
979:
740:, Hawaii is the wreck of
30:) hulls, reinforced with
22:are built primarily with
2909:Completed as oil tanker
2080:. Ballina Tourist Office
1869:"Moreton Bay Pile Light"
1423:34.280089°N 132.756295°E
1344:
988:, lies abandoned in the
763:20.921299°N 156.910139°W
699:36.969704°N 121.913947°W
438:49.865238°N 124.555821°W
360:
2000:San Francisco Chronicle
1509:"Concrete Ship | MARAD"
1479:Capella (concrete ship)
1372:24.78238°N 141.293095°E
1321:37.638340°N 23.394544°E
1282:38.022056°N 24.010368°E
1079:Aberdeen Concrete Ships
814:32.798761°N 79.906863°W
638:29.344249°N 94.786343°W
589:38.944322°N 74.972083°W
484:37.164267°N 75.991402°W
399:Remaining wartime ships
341:(ATF-104) was lost off
322:Charleroi, Pennsylvania
262:D-Day Normandy landings
243:McCloskey & Company
2381:-class concrete barges
2177:"Photos from Iwo Jima"
1963:"Kiptopeke Breakwater"
1885:Carter, Worrall Reed.
1172:tanker, is visible in
1164:
1111:51.737178°N 2.455798°W
1065:57.876873°N 6.699965°W
1034:A concrete barge, the
1011:54.135515°N 9.138452°W
795:in Charleston Harbor,
768:20.921299; -156.910139
718:, launched in 1921 in
704:36.969704; -121.913947
532:22.623439°N 79.22327°W
443:49.865238; -124.555821
377:
351:Moreton Bay Pile Light
335:
218:
114:Exposition Universelle
97:
86:
75:
1428:34.280089; 132.756295
1353:(Iwo Jima) in Japan,
1255:shipbuilding area of
1148:51.498608°N 0.18202°E
855:25.65063°N 79.29337°W
819:32.798761; -79.906863
788:can be seen near the
643:29.344249; -94.786343
594:38.944322; -74.972083
489:37.164267; -75.991402
376:was launched in 1996.
368:
330:
210:
92:
81:
73:
1596:, 41:2, Spring 1995.
1513:www.maritime.dot.gov
1377:24.78238; 141.293095
1326:37.638340; 23.394544
1287:38.022056; 24.010368
1165:Urlich Finsterwalder
1162:The wreckage of the
1116:51.737178; -2.455798
1070:57.876873; -6.699965
1046:, Harris, Scotland,
1016:54.135515; -9.138452
829:The wreckage of the
731:Coronado, California
729:, a gaming ship off
670:Seacliff State Beach
652:Treaty of Versailles
537:22.623439; -79.22327
369:The concrete-hulled
328:, February 5, 1945:
255:concrete barge ships
2752:Miscellaneous-cargo
2265:Design 1100 tankers
2134:"Friends of Purton"
2116:. aberdeenships.com
1697:www.liverpool.ac.uk
1419: /
1368: /
1317: /
1278: /
1144: /
1107: /
1061: /
1007: /
860:25.65063; -79.29337
851: /
810: /
782:The remains of the
759: /
722:, later became the
695: /
634: /
585: /
528: /
480: /
434: /
183:Oakland, California
106:Joseph-Louis Lambot
28:reinforced concrete
2720:Type S4-SE2-BE1 ("
2707:Type S4-SE2-BD1 ("
2689:-class cable layer
2676:Landing Ship, Tank
2002:. 23 January 2017.
1851:See, for example,
1743:2007-07-11 at the
1722:2007-08-21 at the
1627:2007-03-07 at the
1153:51.498608; 0.18202
1077:. It was built by
826:, South Carolina.
378:
272:, and as floating
219:
98:
87:
76:
2921:
2920:
2872:Design 1070 ships
2838:
2837:
2767:("Coastal Cargo")
2728:attack cargo ship
2694:Type S4-S2-BB3 ("
2492:
2491:
2344:
2343:
785:Col. J. E. Sawyer
2956:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2785:("Refrigerated")
2715:attack transport
2674:Type S3-S2-BP ("
2519:
2512:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2217:, February 1919
2183:
2174:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2042:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1915:. Archived from
1909:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1849:
1843:
1837:"Concrete Liner"
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1817:CanveyIsland.org
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1783:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1759:. Archived from
1753:
1747:
1735:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1644:. Archived from
1642:"Violette (716)"
1637:
1631:
1619:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1590:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1553:. Archived from
1547:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1456:
1444:
1434:
1433:
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417:British Columbia
266:Mulberry harbour
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2891:Old North State
2874:
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2655:Special-purpose
2650:
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2600:Emergency cargo
2595:
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2019:
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1040:Isle of Scalpay
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285:Rainham Marshes
283:including near
179:W. Leslie Comyn
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2962:
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2951:
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2936:
2934:Concrete ships
2919:
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2762:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2731:
2718:
2705:
2702:escort carrier
2692:
2682:Type S3-S2-BP1
2679:
2672:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:("Z-ET1-S-C3")
2642:
2637:
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2197:
2190:
2189:External links
2187:
2185:
2184:
2169:
2158:
2137:
2126:
2105:
2064:
2043:
2026:
2005:
1987:
1970:
1967:Concrete Ships
1955:
1952:Concrete Ships
1940:
1929:
1904:
1893:
1878:
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1803:
1773:
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1499:
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1487:
1481:
1476:
1474:Concrete canoe
1469:
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1458:
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1449:
1446:
1439:
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1343:
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878:
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656:Gulf of Mexico
548:is abandoned.
463:Chesapeake Bay
461:Breakwater in
408:
405:
400:
397:
386:Concrete Canoe
362:
359:
281:Thames Estuary
251:Tampa, Florida
223:Woodrow Wilson
67:
64:
60:pleasure boats
20:Concrete ships
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2779:("Passenger")
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2615:("VC2-S-AP1")
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2015:
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1991:
1984:
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1968:
1964:
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1944:
1938:
1933:
1919:on 2007-04-07
1918:
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1763:on 2018-09-28
1762:
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1648:on 2008-04-20
1647:
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1618:
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1609:
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1598:
1595:
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1557:on 2018-09-24
1556:
1552:
1546:
1538:
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1529:
1514:
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1500:
1491:
1488:
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1484:Concrete Ship
1482:
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1471:
1461:
1455:
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1245:Greek islands
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549:
547:
541:
512:
508:
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503:
497:
493:
464:
460:
455:
453:
447:
418:
414:
407:North America
404:
396:
394:
389:
388:Competition.
387:
383:
375:
372:
367:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
303:
301:
300:Canvey Island
296:
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286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
234:
231:
228:
225:approved the
224:
216:
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209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
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184:
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72:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2910:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2735:Crane vessel
2722:
2709:
2696:
2686:
2663:
2645:Liberty ship
2613:Victory ship
2609:("EC2-S-C1")
2607:Liberty ship
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2406:
2399:
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2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2226:
2218:
2208:
2180:
2172:
2161:
2150:. Retrieved
2140:
2129:
2118:. Retrieved
2108:
2082:. Retrieved
2077:
2067:
2056:. Retrieved
2046:
2029:
2018:. Retrieved
2008:
1999:
1990:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1932:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:the original
1907:
1896:
1886:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1816:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:the original
1751:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1696:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1635:
1603:
1593:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:the original
1545:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1460:Takechi Maru
1459:
1390:Takechi Maru
1389:
1386:
1348:
1338:Adolf Hitler
1335:
1247:, including
1234:
1198:
1161:
1124:
1086:Purton Hulks
1083:
1035:
1033:
985:
983:
959:
942:
925:
908:
894:At Kiptopeke
881:Powell River
832:
828:
791:
783:
781:
777:Liberty ship
735:
725:
715:
713:
664:
660:
613:Seawolf Park
607:
603:
560:Sunset Beach
554:
550:
545:
501:
498:
465:, Virginia,
456:
413:Powell River
410:
402:
390:
379:
338:
336:
331:
325:
315:
304:
297:
278:
259:
239:World War II
235:
232:
220:
212:
193:
188:
176:
171:
163:
156:Flushing Bay
151:
149:
136:
133:
128:
122:
108:in Southern
99:
94:
46:
41:World War II
19:
18:
2819:Empire ship
2817:See also:-
2326:San Pasqual
2084:10 February
1842:, June 1944
1822:4 September
1796:3 September
1702:3 September
1426: /
1414:132°45′23″E
1375: /
1363:141°17′35″E
1324: /
1296:breakwaters
1285: /
1241:German Army
1235:During the
1151: /
1114: /
1068: /
1029:County Mayo
1014: /
960:Monte Carlo
858: /
817: /
766: /
754:156°54′37″W
726:Monte Carlo
702: /
690:121°54′50″W
641: /
604:The tanker
592: /
546:San Pasqual
535: /
502:San Pasqual
487: /
441: /
429:124°33′21″W
395:are built.
293:Westminster
152:Namsenfjord
147:, England.
95:Namsenfjord
56:Type B ship
37:World War I
24:ferrocement
2939:Ship types
2928:Categories
2911:McKittrick
2831:Ocean ship
2761:("Lakers")
2697:Casablanca
2661:Type S2 ("
2209:Cretemanor
2152:2020-07-12
2120:2014-06-01
2078:Mayo North
2058:2015-01-05
2020:2012-08-21
1923:2007-03-09
1767:2016-06-08
1652:2008-04-21
1561:2019-07-08
1518:2023-06-11
1496:References
1411:34°16′48″N
1392:No. 1 to 4
1360:24°46′57″N
1312:23°23′40″E
1309:37°38′18″N
1273:24°00′37″E
1270:38°01′19″N
1174:Dąbie Lake
1168:, a small
1136:51°29′55″N
1099:51°44′14″N
1053:57°52′37″N
999:54°08′08″N
986:Crete Boom
846:79°17′36″W
843:25°39′02″N
805:79°54′25″W
802:32°47′56″N
751:20°55′17″N
716:McKittrick
687:36°58′11″N
678:California
629:94°47′11″W
626:29°20′39″N
580:74°58′19″W
577:38°56′40″N
568:New Jersey
523:79°13′24″W
520:22°37′24″N
475:75°59′29″W
472:37°09′51″N
426:49°51′55″N
393:houseboats
270:blockships
202:breakwater
198:bulk cargo
2884:Cape Fear
2827:Park ship
2823:Fort ship
2791:("Barge")
2640:T3 tanker
2635:T2 tanker
2630:T1 tanker
2441:Limestone
2277:Palo Alto
1853:USS
1447:At Iwo To
1199:Creteboom
1139:0°10′55″E
1102:2°27′21″W
1056:6°42′00″W
1036:Cretetree
1002:9°08′18″W
990:River Moy
943:Palo Alto
790:USS
665:Palo Alto
617:Galveston
459:Kiptopeke
452:The Hulks
345:during a
339:Jicarilla
311:freighter
307:submarine
214:Palo Alto
204:in Cuba.
164:Cape Fear
120:in 1855.
104:built by
2944:Concrete
2808:("Tugs")
2483:Corundum
2476:Cinnabar
2448:Feldspar
2319:Cuyamaca
2291:Dinsmore
2094:cite web
1741:Archived
1720:Archived
1625:Archived
1468:See also
1178:Szczecin
958:SS
941:SS
924:SS
909:Atlantus
907:SS
831:SS
792:Yorktown
724:SS
663:SS
606:SS
564:Cape May
555:Atlantus
553:SS
500:SS
371:schooner
355:Brisbane
289:moorings
274:pontoons
187:SS
160:New York
137:Violette
116:held in
2777:Type P2
2771:Type P1
2759:Type L6
2739:Derrick
2723:Artemis
2710:Gilliam
2687:Neptune
2669:frigate
2591:Type N3
2585:Type C9
2578:Type C8
2571:Type C7
2564:Type C6
2558:Type C5
2553:Type C4
2548:Type C3
2543:Type C2
2538:Type C1
2469:Lignite
2434:Bauxite
2427:Asphalt
2420:Carmita
2393:Trefoil
2379:Trefoil
2284:Peralta
2181:Hot Air
1300:Methana
1257:Piraeus
1229:Rainham
1176:, near
1044:Tarbert
1025:Ballina
974:YOGN 42
714:The SS
672:, near
374:Larinda
347:typhoon
318:Pacific
309:shaped
129:Liguria
84:Chicago
66:History
2949:Barges
2898:Sapona
2806:Type V
2789:Type B
2783:Type R
2765:Type N
2725:-class
2712:-class
2699:-class
2666:-class
2664:Tacoma
2623:Tanker
2462:Barite
2407:Silica
2400:Quartz
2305:Latham
2298:Moffit
1855:Quartz
1351:Iwo To
1294:) and
1261:Rafina
1253:Perama
1214:Purton
1182:Soviet
1090:Purton
980:Europe
833:Sapona
742:YOG-42
343:Saipan
172:Sapona
125:barges
110:France
102:dinghy
2742:Barge
2414:Slate
2312:Selma
1345:Japan
1249:Crete
1042:near
926:Selma
738:Lanai
674:Aptos
608:Selma
562:near
361:Today
194:Faith
189:Faith
118:Paris
47:Selma
32:steel
2799:Tugs
2455:Marl
2100:link
2086:2023
1824:2022
1798:2022
1704:2022
1462:No.2
1084:The
661:The
511:Cuba
457:The
326:Mail
145:Kent
93:The
39:and
1397:武智丸
1333:).
1227:At
1212:At
1197:SS
879:At
615:in
353:in
295:.
291:at
245:of
141:Hoo
45:SS
2930::
2829:,
2825:,
2821:,
2730:")
2717:")
2704:")
2691:")
2684:("
2678:")
2671:")
2417:/
2179:.
2096:}}
2092:{{
2076:.
1998:.
1973:^
1965:.
1950:.
1871:.
1815:.
1789:.
1776:^
1730:^
1695:.
1614:^
1581:^
1527:^
1511:.
1435:.
1404:,
1302:,
1263:,
1129:.
1027:,
992:,
779:.
744:,
680:,
676:,
658:.
619:,
601:.
570:,
566:,
513:,
509:,
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419:,
415:,
324:,
192:.
158:,
143:,
131:.
62:.
50:.
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2833:.
2744:"
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2576:(
2573:)
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2566:)
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2123:.
2102:)
2088:.
2061:.
2023:.
1985:.
1926:.
1858:.
1826:.
1800:.
1770:.
1706:.
1655:.
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1539:.
1521:.
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