22:
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income of outworkers which consists of entitlements to products or profits of an enterprise. When the outworker is an own-account worker, the payment from the enterprise to the outworker is treated as a purchase of intermediate goods or services (however, self-employed income is not always treated in
121:
For statistical purposes, the relationship of employer to employee exists, when there is an agreement, formal or informal, between an enterprise and a person, normally entered into voluntarily by both parties, whereby the person works for the enterprise, in return for remuneration in cash or in kind.
141:
In different countries, what is actually included and excluded in CE may differ somewhat. The reason is that the way in which workers are compensated for their labour may be somewhat different in different types of economies. For example, in some countries workers get substantial payments "in kind",
109:
than just gross wages, at least in national accounts and balance of payments statistics. The reason is that in these accounts, CE is defined as "the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an enterprise to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period". It
179:
the value of the social contributions in respect of labor hired, which are paid by employers – these may be actual social contributions payable by employers to social security schemes or to private funded social insurance schemes for employees; or imputed social contributions by employers providing
137:
which labour contributes to net output along with other factors of production. The underlying idea is that the value of net output equals the factor incomes that generate it. For this reason, some types of remuneration received by employees are either included or excluded, because they are regarded
145:
A compensation system has to be aligned to the mission, vision, business strategy and organizational structure of a company to design the compensation plan in an efficient way to can achieve the goals. Businesses within the same organization will have different competitive conditions, acquire
172:
remuneration in kind paid by the employer to the employee valued at purchaser's prices, including meals and drinks, personal accommodation, uniforms worn outside of the workplace, vehicles or other durables provided for the personal use of employees, free personal travel, free personal fuel,
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from an employer in respect of work done, during the relevant accounting period – whether paid in advance, simultaneously, or in arrears of the work itself. This contrasts with other inputs to production, which are to be valued at the point when they are actually used.
244:
expenditures made by employees in order to enable them to take up their jobs or to carry out their work, including reimbursement of travel, removal or related expenses made by employees when they take up new jobs or are required by their employers to move
142:
in others they don't. Systems of social insurance also differ between countries, and some countries have little social insurance. One has to keep this in mind when comparing CE magnitudes for different countries.
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statistics and sometimes in corporate accounts as well. It refers basically to the total gross (pre-tax) wages paid by employers to employees for work done in an accounting period, such as a quarter or a year.
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the value of the interest foregone by employers when they provide loans to employees at reduced, or even zero rates of interest for purposes of buying houses, furniture or other goods or services.
394:
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expenditures by employees on tools, equipment, special clothing or other items that are needed exclusively, or primarily, to enable them to carry out their work (usually regarded as
147:
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Compensation of employees is accounted for on an accrual basis; i.e., it is measured by the value of the remuneration in cash or in kind which an employee
322:
186:
income received by shareholders who are also employees of the corporation, and who receive paid remuneration (e.g. stock options) other than dividends.
150:. A general compensation plan consists of three components: a base compensation, rewarding incentives, and indirect compensation in form of benefits.
400:
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payments made at full, or reduced, wage or salary rates to workers absent from work, because of illness, accidental injury, maternity leave, etc.
51:
277:
159:
381:
Paul
Studenski, The Income of Nations; Theory, Measurement, and Analysis: Past and Present. New York: New York University Press, 1958.
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The remuneration is normally based on either the time spent at work, or some other objective indicator of the amount of work done.
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represents effectively a total labour cost to an employer, paid from the gross revenues or the capital of an enterprise.
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employee social benefits paid by employers in the form of children's, spouse's, family, education or other allowances
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real or imputed social contributions and income taxes to government payable by the employee in respect of employment.
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44:
420:
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income of students from paid work, including the value they contribute through work for an educational institution.
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cash allowances, overtime pay, bonuses, commissions, tips, and gratuities if paid by the employer to the employee.
369:
Edgar Z. Palmer, The meaning and measurement of the national income, and of other social accounting aggregates.
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recreational facilities, transport and parking subsidies, and creches for the children of employees.
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social benefits paid by government to employees (not directly related to the work they do).
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taxes payable by the employer to the government in respect of the total gross salary bill.
8:
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purposes, CE is considered a component of the value of net output or value added (as
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162:(UNSNA) conceptually includes the following items in the statistical aggregate:
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332:
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as either related or unrelated to production or to the value of new output.
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133:). The aim is not to measure income actually received by workers, but the
397:: GDP and Personal Income of the U.S. (annual): Compensation of Employees
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292:
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384:
Zoltan
Kenessey (Ed.), The Accounts of Nations, Amsterdam IOS, 1994.
378:& Ahmet Ertugrul Tonak, Measuring the Wealth of Nations. CUP.
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gross wages and salaries earned by employees and payable in cash.
359:"Compensation of Employees in Balance of Payments Statistics"
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excludes the following items in the statistical aggregate:
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OECD sources and definitions for labor compensation
372:M. Yanovsky, Anatomy of Social Accounting Systems.
323:United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA)
231:property income as contrasted with labour income.
407:
43:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
215:income from self-employment (often included in
193:who are paid by an enterprise for work done.
105:However, in reality, the aggregate includes
228:the value of work by unpaid family workers.
278:Employee compensation in the United States
160:United Nations System of National Accounts
146:different business strategies, and design
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
401:Compensation & Benefits Survey 2010
225:income of those not in the labor force.
201:Exclusions from the statistical concept
408:
238:the same way by different countries).
154:Inclusions in the statistical concept
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273:Abstract labour and concrete labour
212:the value of unpaid voluntary work.
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313:Productive and unproductive labour
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298:List of countries by average wage
93:) is a statistical term used in
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115:becomes entitled to receive
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222:income of the unemployed.
180:unfunded social benefits.
87:Compensation of employees
288:Intermediate consumption
257:in respect of dependents
250:Intermediate consumption
29:This article includes a
421:Employment compensation
148:compensation strategies
58:more precise citations.
395:Google - public data
354:1993 UNSNA standard
99:balance of payments
31:list of references
416:National accounts
303:National accounts
219:or gross profit).
217:operating surplus
127:social accounting
95:national accounts
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376:Anwar Shaikh
318:Productivity
283:Gross output
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50:Please help
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328:Value added
293:Labor power
56:introducing
410:Categories
349:References
338:Wage share
245:elsewhere.
191:outworkers
189:income by
64:April 2010
267:See also
52:improve
343:Wages
206:UNSNA
135:value
37:, or
308:NIPA
158:The
125:For
107:more
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97:,
91:CE
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