121:
1381:
24:
355:
Under the charter of 1564, the company's court consisted of a governor (elected annually by members beyond the seas), his deputies, and 24 Assistants. Admission was by patrimony (being the son of a merchant who was free of the company at the time of the son's birth), service (apprenticeship to a
287:
Under Henry VII, the merchants who were not of London complained about restraint of trade. They had once traded freely with Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and the
Netherlands, but the London company was imposing a fine of £20, which was driving them out of their markets. Henry VII required the
319:
competed to serve the
Merchant Adventurers of England, who chose Emden. They soon found, however, that the port failed to attract sufficient merchants to buy the English merchants' wares, so they left abruptly and returned to
1099:
527:
Barry nebulée of six argent and azure, a chief quarterly gules and or on the first and fourth quarters a lion passant guardant of the fourth on the second and third two roses gules barbed vert
1151:
731:
300:
without having to become freemen of the
Company of Merchant Adventurers. The Merchant Adventurers kept control of their trade and Flanders as their port. Foreign merchants of the
457:
in 1635. The company suffered from trouble with interlopers, traders who were not 'free of the company' (i.e. members), but who nevertheless traded within its privileged area.
534:
Barry wavy of eight argent and azure, on a bend or a dragon passant wings indorsed tail extended vert on a chief gules a lion passant guardant of the third between two bezants
304:
had considerable privileges in
English trade and competed with the Merchant Adventurers, but these privileges were revoked by the English government in the mid-16th century.
934:
41:
485:
In the early seventeenth century, similar groups of investors, referred to as "adventurers", were formed to develop overseas trade and colonies in the New World: the
385:
1320:
1174:
469:
of 1689, the admission fees were reduced to £2. After
Parliament threw the trade open, the company continued to exist as a fellowship of merchants trading to
734:
869:
372:
continued as the latter had the same rights in
England as native merchants and better privileges abroad, enabling them to undersell English merchants.
88:
1416:
446:
60:
1431:
864:
1446:
1104:
67:
784:
839:
74:
727:'Merchant Adventurers' Hall', in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in City of York, Volume 5, Central (London, 1981), pp. 81-88.
1426:
240:'s charter of 1505, the company had a governor and 24 assistants. The members were trading investors, and most of them were probably
184:
granted privileges and in return promised no fees to trading merchants. The company was chiefly chartered to the
English merchants at
56:
699:
546:
Barry wavy of six argent and azure, on a chief per pale gules and azure a lion passant guardant or between two roses argent seeded or
192:, who exported raw wool, as well as the Merchant Adventurers. Henry IV's charter was in favor of the English merchants dwelling in
1406:
1421:
1121:
1451:
1441:
1201:
824:
540:
Azure, a tower triple towered or standing on the waves of the sea in base proper in chief two ducal coronets of the second
607:
Many records of the Court
Meetings of the Merchant Adventurers of London are printed in L. Lyell and F.D. Watney (eds),
1347:
81:
1023:
777:
649:
380:, they tried to settle in Hamburg, but the League forced the city to expel them. Emden was tried again in 1579. The
107:
1264:
449:(1614 - 1617), when the company lost and then regained its monopolistic privileges. It moved its staple port from
1012:
909:
45:
1259:
1116:
1111:
819:
273:
1411:
1384:
939:
809:
770:
152:, in exchange for a large range of foreign goods. It traded in northern European ports, competing with the
208:. Other groups of merchants traded to different parts of northern Europe, including merchants dwelling in
1196:
1081:
854:
750:
Merchants and
Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653
567:
Merchants and revolution: commercial change, political conflict, and London's overseas traders, 1550–1653
209:
677:
633:
388:
to expel the merchants, but he declined. The
English merchants remained there until 1587. In 1586, the
1325:
1302:
1287:
1231:
1066:
1005:
889:
501:, which settled New England). In addition, the Company of Adventurers in Canada sent forces during the
272:, and other places. The merchant adventurers of these towns were separate but affiliated bodies. The
595:
1436:
1342:
1337:
1254:
1179:
1076:
1043:
1038:
1028:
914:
228:
in 1391), and the English Merchants in Norway, Sweden and Denmark (who received a charter in 1408).
1365:
1221:
1191:
1061:
954:
894:
340:. Although trade was resumed at Antwerp from 1573 to 1582, its declining fortunes ceased with the
181:
173:
879:
874:
289:
189:
34:
1332:
1292:
1282:
1206:
325:
1297:
1186:
919:
510:
225:
360:
in 1603, there were at least 200 members. They gradually increased the fees for admission.
345:
1018:
949:
944:
728:
281:
237:
477:. The Merchant Adventurers of London still existed at the beginning of the 19th century.
8:
1226:
1211:
1033:
929:
904:
844:
494:
466:
427:
396:
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invited the Merchant Adventurers to return there, but negotiations over this broke down.
265:
169:
1136:
924:
849:
381:
357:
269:
177:
1161:
959:
793:
664:
389:
690:
Joseph Edmondson (Mowbray Herald Extraordinary), Robert Glover, Sir Joseph Ayloffe,
473:. Because they drove a considerable trade there, members were sometimes called the
445:
The years between 1615 and 1689 were marked by periods, starting with the ill-fated
120:
1236:
1141:
979:
974:
859:
502:
498:
486:
369:
349:
301:
221:
201:
153:
1131:
1126:
650:
https://academic.oup.com/ej/article-abstract/39/156/619/5283364?redirectedFrom=PDF
548:(as visible on 1765 escutcheon in Great Hall of Merchant Adventurers' Hall, York;)
964:
899:
814:
341:
133:
356:
member), redemption (purchase) or 'free gift'. By the time of the accession of
1216:
1146:
984:
969:
884:
829:
801:
490:
245:
137:
1400:
1166:
1071:
591:
411:, this was an unpopular choice with company members. In 1611 the company's
148:. Its members’ main business was exporting cloth, especially white (undyed)
333:
423:
420:
412:
400:
337:
312:
288:
fine to be reduced to 10 marks (£3, 6s and 8d). Conflict arose with the
465:
When the Company of London lost its exclusive privileges following the
149:
762:
217:
454:
439:
435:
23:
1091:
399:
since 1582 were invited to return in 1587 to the (now independent)
297:
205:
141:
1312:
1053:
470:
416:
408:
404:
373:
321:
316:
277:
261:
253:
241:
197:
193:
185:
157:
696:
The Arms of Societies and Bodies Corporate Established in London
1357:
1274:
996:
759:
I (12th edition, 1959), 570-84; II (6th edition 1956), 196-269.
732:
File:Merchant Adventurers' Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1505920.jpg
506:
293:
257:
213:
1246:
450:
431:
377:
376:
was a member of the League. When the English merchants left
329:
308:
145:
249:
630:
Calendar of Patent Rolls, Elizabeth I, Vol. III: 1563-1566
480:
403:(later part of the Netherlands). Due to impositions by
172:
in 1407, but its roots may go back to the Fraternity of
598:, Online Library Edition, 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
140:
in the early 15th century. It brought together leading
307:
The Merchant Adventurers decided to use other ports.
292:, who sought to diversify from exporting wool through
521:The arms of the various companies were as follows:
489:of Adventurers of 1609 (which later split into the
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
368:The conflict of the Merchant Adventurers with the
332:treasure ships, which were conveying money to the
1398:
280:was a separate group of investors, chartered by
609:Acts of Court of the Mercers' Company 1453-1527
224:(whose election of a governor was approved by
778:
426:was moved during the early 17th century from
248:. However, the company also had members from
840:Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands
168:The company received its royal charter from
57:"Company of Merchant Adventurers of London"
785:
771:
188:in 1305. This body may have included the
144:in a regulated company in the nature of a
1417:Companies established in the 15th century
835:Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
130:Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
324:. Operations there were interrupted by
119:
1432:Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
1197:Imperial Company of Trieste and Antwerp
792:
481:Similar groups colonising North America
1447:Organizations established in the 1400s
1399:
344:and the subsequent development of the
766:
509:in 1629, and colonized the island of
497:and the Chesapeake Bay area, and the
1202:Imperial Privileged Oriental Company
620:£1 = 3 English marks; 1 mark = 6s 8d
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
611:(Cambridge University Press, 1936).
231:
13:
1348:Royal Greenland Trading Department
742:
460:
14:
1463:
1427:Defunct companies based in London
1024:Company of One Hundred Associates
532:Merchant Adventurers of Bristol:
395:The merchants who had frequented
1380:
1379:
1265:Royal Company of the Philippines
1013:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
538:Merchant Adventurers of Exeter:
525:Merchant Adventurers of London:
180:existing as early as 1216. The
124:Arms of the Merchant Adventurers
22:
757:The Economic History of England
721:
718:Edmondson, Glover & Ayloffe
712:
709:Edmondson, Glover & Ayloffe
698:, London, 1780(no page numbers)
580:The Economic History of England
505:that achieved the surrender of
33:needs additional citations for
1407:1407 establishments in England
1152:Pernambuco and Paraíba Company
1122:Grão Pará and Maranhão Company
703:
684:
639:
623:
614:
601:
585:
572:
559:
544:Merchant Adventurers of York:
1:
1422:Companies of medieval England
1260:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
1112:Cacheu and Cape Verde Company
820:British American Land Company
552:
274:Society of Merchant Venturers
1452:Trading companies of England
810:African Company of Merchants
7:
1442:Economic history of England
1062:Brandenburg African Company
855:Eastern Archipelago Company
825:British East Africa Company
692:A Complete Body of Heraldry
516:
363:
10:
1468:
1303:Swedish West India Company
1288:Swedish East India Company
1232:Compagnie van De Moucheron
985:Virginia Company of London
890:London and Bristol Company
1374:
1356:
1343:Danish West India Company
1338:Danish East India Company
1311:
1273:
1255:Barcelona Trading Company
1245:
1160:
1090:
1052:
995:
935:Royal West Indian Company
915:Providence Island Company
895:Massachusetts Bay Company
800:
415:was permanently fixed at
163:
1366:Russian-American Company
1222:Dutch West India Company
1192:Dutch East India Company
955:South Australian Company
296:into exporting cloth to
174:St. Thomas of Canterbury
1006:Compagnie de l'Occident
596:Encyclopædia Britannica
386:Count of East Friesland
290:Merchants of the Staple
1333:Danish Asiatic Company
1321:Danish African Company
1293:Swedish Levant Company
1283:Swedish Africa Company
1207:New Netherland Company
1175:Australische Compagnie
592:"Merchant Adventurers"
156:. It came to focus on
125:
1298:Swedish South Company
1187:Brabantsche Compagnie
920:Royal African Company
226:Richard II of England
176:. It claimed to have
123:
1082:West African Company
1019:Company of Habitants
950:Somers Isles Company
945:Sierra Leone Company
940:South Africa Company
910:North Borneo Company
880:Hudson's Bay Company
634:pp. 178-80, item 922
42:improve this article
1412:Chartered companies
1227:Compagnie van Verre
1212:Noordsche Compagnie
1067:East Africa Company
1034:Mississippi Company
930:Royal Niger Company
905:New Zealand Company
845:Company of Scotland
794:Chartered companies
632:(HMSO London 1960)
467:Glorious Revolution
1137:Mozambique Company
1117:East India Company
1077:New Guinea Company
1044:West India Company
1029:East India Company
925:Royal British Bank
850:East India Company
582:(1956), 2;196–269.
346:Amsterdam Entrepôt
336:, governor of the
126:
1394:
1393:
1127:Company of Guinea
960:South Sea Company
870:Greenland Company
748:Brenner, Robert.
672:Missing or empty
438:in 1635, then to
434:in 1621, then to
419:. The designated
390:Senate of Hamburg
118:
117:
110:
92:
1459:
1437:Hanseatic League
1383:
1382:
1329:
1237:Veerse Compagnie
1183:
1142:Zambezia Company
1108:
980:Plymouth Company
975:Virginia Company
860:Eastland Company
787:
780:
773:
764:
763:
736:
725:
719:
716:
710:
707:
701:
688:
682:
681:
675:
670:
668:
660:
658:
656:
647:academic.oup.com
643:
637:
627:
621:
618:
612:
605:
599:
589:
583:
576:
570:
565:Robert Brenner,
563:
503:Thirty Years War
499:Plymouth Company
487:Virginia Company
447:Cockayne Project
401:United Provinces
370:Hanseatic League
350:Dutch Golden Age
342:fall of the city
302:Hanseatic League
232:Under the Tudors
222:Hanseatic League
154:Hanseatic League
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1370:
1352:
1323:
1307:
1269:
1241:
1177:
1165:
1156:
1102:
1086:
1048:
1039:Senegal Company
991:
965:Spanish Company
900:Muscovy Company
815:Barbary Company
796:
791:
745:
743:Further reading
740:
739:
726:
722:
717:
713:
708:
704:
689:
685:
673:
671:
662:
661:
654:
652:
645:
644:
640:
628:
624:
619:
615:
606:
602:
590:
586:
577:
573:
564:
560:
555:
519:
483:
475:Hamburg Company
463:
461:Hamburg Company
366:
326:Queen Elizabeth
234:
182:Duke of Brabant
166:
136:founded in the
134:trading company
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:Ostend Company
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1171:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1147:Niassa Company
1144:
1139:
1134:
1132:House of India
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1001:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
988:
987:
982:
972:
970:Venice Company
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
885:Levant Company
882:
877:
875:Guinea Company
872:
867:
865:French Company
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
830:Canada Company
827:
822:
817:
812:
806:
804:
798:
797:
790:
789:
782:
775:
767:
761:
760:
753:
752:(Verso, 2003).
744:
741:
738:
737:
720:
711:
702:
683:
638:
622:
613:
600:
584:
571:
569:(Verso, 2003).
557:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
542:
536:
530:
518:
515:
491:London Company
482:
479:
462:
459:
365:
362:
313:East Friesland
246:City of London
233:
230:
165:
162:
138:City of London
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1464:
1453:
1450:
1448:
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1435:
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1359:
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1327:
1322:
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1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
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1276:
1272:
1266:
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1258:
1256:
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1248:
1244:
1238:
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1230:
1228:
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1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1167:Low Countries
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Emden Company
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
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973:
971:
968:
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948:
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928:
926:
923:
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918:
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913:
911:
908:
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903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
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883:
881:
878:
876:
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871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
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813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
803:
799:
795:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
768:
765:
758:
754:
751:
747:
746:
735:
733:
729:
724:
715:
706:
700:
697:
693:
687:
679:
666:
651:
648:
642:
635:
631:
626:
617:
610:
604:
597:
593:
588:
581:
575:
568:
562:
558:
547:
543:
541:
537:
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531:
528:
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179:
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170:King Henry IV
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112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
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73:
69:
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62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
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834:
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694:, Volume 1,
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674:|title=
653:. Retrieved
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587:
579:
578:E. Lipson,
574:
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561:
545:
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533:
526:
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367:
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334:Duke of Alva
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40:Please help
35:verification
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755:Lipson, E.
424:staple port
338:Netherlands
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1401:Categories
1092:Portuguese
730:See image
655:25 October
553:References
428:Middelburg
397:Middelburg
348:, and the
220:, and the
150:broadcloth
68:newspapers
495:Jamestown
493:settling
455:Rotterdam
442:in 1655.
440:Dordrecht
436:Rotterdam
284:in 1552.
282:Edward VI
266:Newcastle
238:Henry VII
218:the Sound
178:liberties
142:merchants
98:June 2024
1385:Category
1162:Austrian
665:cite web
517:Heraldry
364:Conflict
298:Flanders
206:Flanders
190:Staplers
1358:Russian
1275:Swedish
1247:Spanish
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471:Hamburg
417:Hamburg
409:Zeeland
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382:Emperor
374:Hamburg
358:James I
330:Spanish
322:Antwerp
317:Hamburg
278:Bristol
262:Ipswich
254:Norwich
244:of the
242:mercers
210:Prussia
202:Brabant
198:Zeeland
194:Holland
186:Antwerp
158:Hamburg
82:scholar
1313:Danish
1054:German
997:French
507:Quebec
413:staple
294:Calais
258:Exeter
236:Under
214:Scania
204:, and
164:Origin
132:was a
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678:help
657:2022
407:and
315:and
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