38:
237:
595:
583:
571:
253:
who had learned of the technology through an article in an insurance trade magazine. At the time of Bull's death of cancer in 1925 at the age of 43, a dozen of his machines had been sold to different companies throughout Europe. The commercial and technical development of the machines continued under
248:
filed a patent for a "combined sorter-recorder-tabulator of punch cards" machine that he had developed with financing from the
Norwegian insurance company Storebrand. Storebrand integrated his device into its operations in 1921. The following year Bull sold his second machine to the Danish insurer
309:
Groupe Bull bought Zenith
Electronics in late December 1989. It kept Zenith Data Systems' headquarters and plants in Chicago and St. Joseph, Michigan. In 1993 the French Government initialized the process of privatization which was completed in the period 1995-97, when the company was
257:
As the business grew several outside investors were brought in, leading to the incorporation of the company H.W. Egli Bull in 1931. In 1933, more investors joined and the company changed its name to
Compagnie des Machines Bull, a name it would keep until 1964.
321:
announced that it had acquired a controlling stake in Bull SA through a tender offer launched in May. Atos announced plans in
October, 2014 to buy out or squeeze out the remaining share and bondholders.
325:
Bull launched the Hoox m2, the first integrally secured
European smartphone, which in June 2014 was approved for use with data classified as 'Restricted Information' ('Diffusion Restreinte') by the
326:
524:
Amesys, a Groupe Bull subsidiary specializing in defense and aerospace-related systems and software, became embroiled in controversy in 2011 when it was revealed that it had sold an
223:). Bull has a worldwide presence in more than 100 countries and is particularly active in the defense, finance, health care, manufacturing, public, and telecommunication sectors.
552:(FIDH). In March 2012 Groupe Bull divested itself of the Eagle System, selling it for the sum of 4 million euros to Nexa Technologies, a company run by a former Amesys CEO.
1009:
1127:
1142:
875:
548:
and freedom of information. A judicial inquiry was opened by the French government in May 2012 following allegations of complicity in torture by the
749:
1167:
1122:
1157:
849:
17:
549:
1147:
824:
1162:
895:
329:(ANSSI). The Hoox range of secure mobiles and smartphones ensures confidentiality of voice, SMS, e-mail and data communication.
254:
the direction of Bull's childhood friend and long-time collaborator Reidar
Knutsen along with his brother Kurt Andréas Knutsen.
373:
1081:
1177:
1132:
934:
1152:
1137:
541:
66:
956:
544:" and "digital era mercenaries" for selling products that have been or are being used by governments to violate
1182:
291:
1071:
Pierre
Mounier-Kuhn, "From General Electric to Bull: A case of managerial knowledge transfer (1956-1970)",
992:
976:
753:
343:
1102:
1076:
561:
495:
393:
215:(1882–1925). After a reorganization in 1933, with new owners coming in, the name was changed to
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537:
430:
735:
267:
1107:
1172:
775:
1090:
683:
1034:
722:
646:
619:
536:
was used by the
Gaddafi regime to spy on citizens and foreign journalists. On 12 March 2013
525:
70:
1187:
176:
99:
805:
8:
295:
287:
245:
212:
1084:
Extracted and translated from
Science et Vie Micro magazine, No. 74, July–August, 1990:
399:
Information technology consulting and services, custom solutions development for clients
1054:
587:
357:
599:
365:
62:
58:
1058:
1010:"Advanced Middle East Systems et Nexa vont faire le voyage depuis Dubai Billancourt"
1046:
787:
575:
467:
408:
271:
960:
529:
303:
37:
669:
270:
since its formation. In particular, it has had various ownership relations with
121:
306:
in 1982 and was merged with most of the rest of the French computer industry.
1116:
939:
311:
169:
1050:
791:
545:
299:
236:
204:
172:
953:
850:"Privatisation de Bull : l'action sera vendue entre 34 et 39 francs"
471:
412:
750:"From General Electric to Bull: a case of managerial knowledge transfer"
48:
1077:
http://www.cairn.info/revue-entreprises-et-histoire-2014-2-page-42.htm
275:
250:
714:
582:
283:
166:
699:
Pierre
Mounier-Kuhn, "Bull - A Worldwide Company Born in Europe",
622:
National Capital in the Emergence of a Challenger to IBM in France
594:
664:
662:
806:"Groupe Bull Announces Plans for Zenith Acquisition, New Model"
501:
483:
Sirus (Social welfare management systems for the public sector)
379:
Data storage and backup systems, cloud computing infrastructure
208:
659:
361:
180:
798:
318:
240:
Share of the Compagnie des Machines Bull S. A., issued 1963
126:
965:
The Enemies of the Internet, Special Edition: Surveillance
327:
Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information
369:
279:
896:"Atos to launch buyout of last 5% of Bull shares, bonds"
1032:
183:. The company has also been known at various times as
137:
559:
776:"Le CNETet les débuts de l'informatique (1944-1964)"
672:. sur le Site personnel de François Holvoet-Vermaut.
405:
Human resource and social welfare management systems
515:
Elexo (networking and telecommunications equipment)
1108:Virtual Museum of Bull and French Computer Science
825:"COMPANY NEWS; The French To Overhaul Groupe Bull"
507:Amesys Consulting (including Amesys International)
491:Evidian (Security; identity and access management)
294:in the late 1980s, and later also had a share of
1114:
1086:The very international history of a French giant
695:
693:
780:Réseaux. Communication - Technologie - Société
444:Identity, authentication and access management
690:
773:
438:Encryption solutions (hardware and software)
244:On 31 July 1919, a Norwegian engineer named
1128:Companies formerly listed on Euronext Paris
1035:"Bull: A World-Wide Company Born in Europe"
926:
967:, Reporters Without Borders, 12 March 2013
36:
1143:Electronics companies established in 1931
993:"Life Under the Gaze of Gadhafi's Spies "
676:
550:International Federation for Human Rights
712:
386:
332:
235:
1039:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
935:"Bull launches NovaScale blade servers"
932:
447:High availability and disaster recovery
424:
14:
1168:Telecommunications companies of France
1115:
822:
454:
317:In August 2014, the French IT company
282:from the 1960s to the 1980s; and with
519:
376:(design, manufacturing, distribution)
1123:French companies established in 1931
1091:BULL computers chronological history
1103:The history of Bull Group companies
1075:, June 2014, n° 75, p. 42-56.
24:
1158:Privately held companies of France
1026:
876:"Atos succeeds in bid to buy Bull"
774:Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre-Eric (1995).
715:"From Kamatec to Bull Netherlands"
701:Annals of the History of Computing
25:
1199:
1096:
995:, Margaret Coker and Paul Sonne,
979:, Paul Sonne and Margaret Coker,
670:"Bull et le 20ème arrondissement"
542:Corporate Enemies of the Internet
823:Riding, Alan (19 October 1993).
593:
581:
569:
1148:Electronics companies of France
1033:Pierre E. Mounier-Kuhn (1998).
1002:
986:
970:
947:
908:
888:
868:
842:
816:
480:Bull PI (Engineering, research)
266:The company has undergone many
199:. Bull was founded in 1931, as
1163:Privatized companies of France
767:
742:
706:
639:
612:
532:regime of Libya in 2007. The
477:HRBC (Human Resources systems)
450:Systems and network monitoring
435:Electronic signature solutions
13:
1:
606:
540:named Amesys as one of five "
292:Honeywell Information Systems
27:French-owned computer company
1178:Software companies of France
510:Amesys RSS (including TRCOM)
344:List of Groupe Bull products
179:, in the western suburbs of
7:
1133:Computer hardware companies
977:"Firms Aided Libyan Spies "
954:"Corporate Enemies: Amesys"
555:
337:
290:more recently. It acquired
217:Compagnie des Machines Bull
82:; 93 years ago
18:Compagnie des Machines Bull
10:
1204:
1153:Mobile phone manufacturers
1138:Computer systems companies
856:(in French). 18 April 1997
496:high performance computing
382:Mobile/smart phones (Hoox)
341:
231:
226:
538:Reporters Without Borders
431:Public key infrastructure
261:
132:
120:
110:
94:
76:
54:
44:
35:
441:Digital payment security
159:Bull Information Systems
1073:Entreprises et Histoire
1051:10.1109/MAHC.1989.10045
203:, to capitalize on the
792:10.3406/reso.1995.2673
730:Cite journal requires
713:Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre.
488:Bull International SAS
241:
207:technology patents of
1183:Computer surveillance
387:Software and services
333:Products and services
268:takeovers and mergers
239:
185:Bull General Electric
620:"Heide, Lars (2002)
425:Information security
394:Novaforge.org portal
177:Les Clayes-sous-Bois
100:Les Clayes-sous-Bois
997:Wall Street Journal
981:Wall Street Journal
812:. January 17, 1990.
526:internet monitoring
455:Corporate structure
402:Systems integration
368:), Escala servers (
296:Zenith Data Systems
246:Fredrik Rosing Bull
213:Fredrik Rosing Bull
32:
999:, 14 December 2011
959:2014-03-26 at the
829:The New York Times
703:, 1989, vol. 11/4.
647:"Histoire de Bull"
520:Amesys controversy
242:
193:CII Honeywell Bull
30:
372:) and mainframes
148:
147:
63:Computer software
59:Computer hardware
16:(Redirected from
1195:
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1065:
1021:
1020:
1018:
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1012:. 20 August 2013
1006:
1000:
990:
984:
983:, 30 August 2011
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752:. Archived from
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468:Managed services
409:Managed services
356:
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272:General Electric
201:H.W. Egli - Bull
144:
141:
139:
90:
88:
83:
40:
33:
29:
21:
1203:
1202:
1198:
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1099:
1082:History of Bull
1063:
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1029:
1027:Further reading
1024:
1015:
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1007:
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991:
987:
975:
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961:Wayback Machine
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786:(70): 173–189.
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530:Muammar Gaddafi
522:
457:
427:
389:
353:
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346:
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286:, Debeka, and
264:
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153:(also known as
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28:
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1105:
1098:
1097:External links
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1094:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1069:
1045:(4): 279–297.
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1001:
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969:
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925:
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887:
867:
841:
815:
810:www.apnews.com
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732:|journal=
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689:
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528:system to the
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349:Supercomputers
342:Main article:
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288:France Télécom
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189:Honeywell Bull
165:) is a French
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1173:French brands
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916:"Home - Atos"
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756:on 2016-08-06
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832:. Retrieved
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779:
769:
758:. Retrieved
754:the original
744:
723:cite journal
708:
700:
678:
650:. Retrieved
641:
630:. Retrieved
621:
614:
546:human rights
534:Eagle System
533:
523:
458:
324:
316:
308:
304:nationalised
300:Packard Bell
265:
256:
243:
220:
216:
205:punched card
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
162:
161:, or simply
158:
154:
150:
149:
95:Headquarters
45:Company type
1188:Groupe Bull
684:"Événement"
588:Electronics
504:SAS :
494:Serviware (
472:web hosting
413:web hosting
302:. Bull was
155:Groupe Bull
112:Area served
71:IT Services
1117:Categories
1064:2009-07-08
1016:2014-10-08
901:2014-10-11
881:2014-10-11
760:2019-12-16
652:2014-10-11
632:2014-08-25
607:References
600:Technology
312:privatised
67:Consultant
49:Subsidiary
854:Les Echos
576:Companies
463:Bull SAS
354:NovaScale
276:Honeywell
211:engineer
209:Norwegian
116:Worldwide
1059:17163352
957:Archived
556:See also
466:Agarik (
420:Training
338:Hardware
284:Motorola
167:computer
151:Bull SAS
55:Industry
31:BULL SAS
860:16 June
834:16 June
562:Portals
417:Support
366:Windows
358:servers
232:Origins
227:History
197:Bull HN
170:company
133:Website
85: (
77:Founded
1057:
502:Amesys
278:, and
262:Growth
251:Hafnia
195:, and
122:Parent
105:France
1055:S2CID
627:(PDF)
362:Linux
181:Paris
140:.bull
920:Atos
862:2024
836:2024
736:help
411:and
374:GCOS
364:and
319:Atos
298:and
163:Bull
142:.com
127:Atos
87:1931
80:1931
1047:doi
788:doi
370:AIX
310:re-
280:NEC
221:CMB
175:in
138:www
1119::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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