594:. It is further distinguished from the ring-billed gull by its shorter, more tapered bill, which is a more greenish shade of yellow and is unmarked during the breeding season. The body is grey above and white below. The legs are yellow in breeding season, becoming duller in the winter. In winter, the head is streaked grey and the bill often has a poorly defined blackish band near the tip, which is sometimes sufficiently obvious to cause confusion with ring-billed gull. They have black wingtips with large white "mirrors" on the outer primaries p9 and p10, which are smaller than those in the short-billed gull. Young birds have scaly black-brown upperparts and a neat wing pattern, and pink legs which become greyish in the second year before tuning yellow. By the first winter, the head and belly are white, with fine streaks and greyish feathers grow on the saddle. They take three years (up to four in the Kamchatka subspecies) to reach maturity. The call is a high-pitched "laughing" cry.
561:
38:
1428:
1355:
658:
87:
400:
622:
62:
572:
211:
650:
Like most gulls, they are omnivores and will scavenge as well as hunt small prey. The global population is estimated to be about one million pairs; they are most numerous in Europe, with over half (possibly as much as 80-90%) of the world population. By contrast, the short-billed gull population in
440:, found in Europe and western Asia. Small; mantle medium grey (palest subspecies); wingtips with extensive black; iris dark. First-year birds develop white feathers on the head and belly with fine dark markings. Wingspan 110–125 cm (43–49 in); mass 290–480 g (10–17 oz).
637:
The common gull usually breeds colonially, but can be solitary. Both sexes make a lined nest on the ground or in a small tree near water or in marshes. Usually three eggs are laid (sometimes just one or two). They are incubated by both parents and hatch after 24–26 days. The chicks are
498:. Found in northeastern Asia. The largest subspecies, its size is intermediate between common and ring-billed gulls with the largest males approaching the size of black-tailed gull. Head is squarer with a flatter forehead and the bill is thicker and longer than
1374:
551:
when it was treated as a distinct species in the first through third editions of the AOU (now AOS) checklist (in which the name mew gull, contrary to more recent usage, was specifically reserved for the Old World forms).
502:
with paler eyes and deeper yellow bill and legs. Mantle medium-dark grey; wingtips with extensive black, with markings on p5-p8 forming a "string of pearls". Plumage development is generally slower than
257:
further south in winter, reaching the
Mediterranean Sea, the southern Caspian Sea, and the seas around China and Japan; northwest European populations are at least partly resident. The closely related
1100:
Chesser, R.T.; Billerman, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Hernández-Baños, B.E.; Kratter, A.W.; Lovette, I.J.; Mason, N.A.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Stotz, D.F.; Winker, K. (2021).
602:
The common gull breeds in the northern
Palearctic from Iceland eastwards to northeast Siberia. It is mainly migratory and winters in Europe, the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas, Persian Gulf;
477:
at the same age, with an unmarked rump and more defined black tail band. Intergrades are common in west Russia. Mass 315–550 g (11.1–19.4 oz).
2223:
507:; first-year immatures retain juvenile feathers through the winter, appearing darker and browner overall, and the tail has more extensive black
2275:
850:
854:
2433:
613:. The Kamchatka gull is occasionally seen in northwestern North America mainly in spring, and there is one autumn record in Newfoundland.
437:
586:
Adult common gulls are 40–46 cm (16–18 in) long and a wingspan of 100–115 cm (39–45 in), noticeably smaller than the
1250:
811:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
461:
with a more sloping forehead which gives the appearance of a smaller bill. Eyes are usually paler, bill and legs deeper yellow than
2174:
2236:
2314:
1318:
1296:
1065:
991:
862:
789:
664:
2241:
2453:
360:
1135:
2197:
2122:
952:
2371:
1259:
1220:
1144:
751:
657:
2448:
2379:
2153:
2280:
2166:
2135:
1455:
1344:
642:
but remain in the vicinity of the nest. They are cared for by both parents and fledge when aged around 35 days.
536:
428:
278:
201:
531:
in North
America, and was not commonly used outside North America, the name "short-billed gull" was chosen for
2410:
2262:
2070:
465:
with weaker dark bill markings in winter. The wings are proportionally longer with more black on p5-p8 than
560:
527:, based on differences in genetics, morphology and calls. Though "mew gull" was formerly used as a name for
511:
Brown covert wing feathers are still retained in the second winter. Mass 394–586 g (13.9–20.7 oz).
2000:
2293:
469:
with narrow white spots forming a conspicuous "string of pearls". p4 has black markings which are rare in
776:
448:
986:. Dialect Matters. Respecting Vernacular Language (in German). Cambridge University Press. p. 118.
261:
was formerly often included in this species, which was then sometimes known collectively as "mew gull".
1013:
713:
2384:
2029:
1289:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
1102:"Sixty-second Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds"
609:
It occurs as a scarce winter visitor to coastal eastern Canada and as a vagrant to the northeastern
2443:
2288:
1630:
1366:
485:
86:
37:
2358:
1667:
1553:
1306:
295:
2345:
1402:
1212:
1205:
2228:
2202:
2047:
1953:
1936:
1859:
2254:
981:
2340:
1991:
1600:
1595:
288:
181:
2332:
814:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 136.
2366:
2052:
2011:
1864:
1563:
1335:
8:
1918:
1798:
1793:
1448:
1017:
690:
270:
51:
387:
root, with the first recorded usage in
English from the 1400s; the modern Welsh form is
1803:
1758:
1712:
1677:
1605:
1573:
1528:
1427:
1361:
1354:
1200:
81:
543:
complex. The revival of the name short-billed gull in some of the same literature for
2327:
2083:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1763:
1672:
1635:
1625:
1538:
1523:
1513:
1314:
1292:
1291:. Vol. III: Waders to Gulls. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 790–801.
1255:
1216:
1140:
1061:
987:
948:
913:
858:
785:
747:
516:
258:
2189:
2075:
2016:
929:
925:
897:
829:
784:. Vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 572–623 .
325:
There are many old
British regional names for this species, typically variations on
2088:
1900:
1768:
1588:
1543:
1468:
1380:
1175:
1113:
902:. Vol. 2. Warrington, United Kingdom: Printed for Benjamin White. p. 424.
708:
626:
591:
539:(AOS) due to the usage of mew gull in recent literature to denote all forms of the
1118:
1101:
809:
2301:
2140:
2062:
1747:
1733:
1657:
1548:
1518:
825:
372:
342:
283:
138:
2267:
1419:
1392:
2438:
2161:
2148:
1839:
1441:
893:
834:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 315.
603:
384:
349:
307:
254:
20:
2427:
2397:
2249:
1707:
1620:
1578:
1280:
805:
699:
610:
424:
399:
274:
197:
71:
66:
1179:
1021:
2127:
1976:
1752:
1702:
1610:
1583:
1568:
1508:
587:
576:
356:
1433:
1409:
1162:
1160:
Moskoff, W.; Bevier, L.R.; Rasmussen, P.C. (2020). Billerman, S.M. (ed.).
922:
The
Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick
2353:
2210:
1985:
1821:
1773:
1742:
1693:
1682:
1648:
1387:
2039:
621:
2392:
2306:
2179:
1882:
1662:
1396:
408:
234:
571:
2109:
1850:
1722:
1717:
1615:
1558:
639:
473:. First-year immatures have a whiter head, belly and underwings than
306:
is also Latin and means "grey". The name "common gull" was coined by
246:
98:
2215:
1947:
298:
as Europe but this is now restricted to Sweden. The genus name is a
2114:
2101:
1970:
1931:
917:
315:
242:
118:
210:
2405:
2024:
1486:
519:
was formerly widely considered conspecific with this species (as
238:
148:
2319:
547:, and the fact that short-billed gull was historically used for
1423:
1414:
580:
565:
250:
108:
2096:
1499:
1477:
973:
311:
299:
158:
523:), but most authorities now accept it as a distinct species
415:) being considered a distinct species by some authorities.
1464:
1099:
230:
128:
310:
in 1768 because he considered it the most numerous of its
302:
word for a seabird, probably a gull. The specific epithet
1081:
Rasmussen, Pamela C. (10 November 2020). "Split Mew Gull
1229:
876:
874:
1616:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
1087:
AOS Classification
Committee – North and Middle America
961:
688:
1159:
1060:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
871:
780:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
1012:
1204:
1161:
775:
714:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694308A155576460.en
363:influenced regions of Britain, variations include
1313:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2425:
979:
575:Breeding adults have red rings around dark eyes
1490:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
1247:
1174:. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
983:Dialect Matters: Respecting Vernacular Language
773:
1248:Hagemeijer, W.J.M.; Blair, M.J., eds. (1997).
1058:Gulls of the World : a Photographic Guide
1022:"Noddies, gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks"
606:, Japan, Korean Peninsula to southeast China.
457:. Found in central northern Asia. Larger than
1449:
1139:(Concise ed.). Oxford University Press.
233:that breeds in cool temperate regions of the
847:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
741:
1463:
1311:The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names
1132:
1668:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
1456:
1442:
1426:
1353:
1193:
209:
60:
36:
1251:The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds
1117:
1080:
912:
712:
1305:
967:
880:
804:
744:Gulls of Europe, Asia, and North America
620:
616:
570:
559:
398:
942:
892:
844:
737:
735:
733:
731:
2426:
1769:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
1199:
824:
1952:
1951:
1437:
1279:
1235:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1028:. International Ornithologists' Union
849:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
769:
767:
765:
763:
2411:A678665A-56EF-4961-9010-BC9AE7765FD3
2167:9707ce90-6f74-4fa6-a8e1-e6930dc26864
1241:
728:
2434:IUCN Red List least concern species
1153:
1136:The Birds of the Western Palearctic
1126:
1006:
980:Trudgill, P.; Trudgill, J. (2016).
936:
700:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
682:
651:Alaska is only about 10,000 pairs.
645:
19:For the common gull butterfly, see
13:
1133:Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. (1998).
1085:and rename as Short-billed Gull".
1040:
782:Handbook of the Birds of the World
774:Burger, J.; Golchfeld, M. (1996).
760:
273:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
45:Adult in breeding plumage, Norway
14:
2465:
1329:
742:Olsen, K.M.; Larsson, H. (2004).
689:BirdLife International. (2019) .
1026:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
924:. London: John Martyn. pp.
831:Check-List of Birds of the World
656:
85:
1410:Field Guide: Birds of the World
1336:BirdLife species factsheet for
1093:
1089:. Proposal Set 2021-A: 187–188.
1074:
597:
537:American Ornithological Society
943:Jackson, Christine E. (1968).
906:
886:
838:
818:
798:
590:and slightly smaller than the
555:
1:
1056:Olsen, Klaus Malling (2018).
675:
394:
1393:Audio recordings of Mew gull
1377:at VIREO (Drexel University)
337:. The original English word
253:Far East. Most common gulls
7:
2454:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1211:. New York: Knopf. p.
1119:10.1093/ornithology/ukab037
632:
411:, with the Kamchatka gull (
264:
10:
2470:
1272:
1083:Larus canus brachyrhynchus
845:Jobling, James A. (2010).
521:Larus canus brachyrhynchus
18:
1960:
1927:
1909:
1891:
1873:
1848:
1830:
1812:
1731:
1691:
1646:
1497:
1476:
1381:Interactive range map of
1207:The Sibley Guide to Birds
707:: e.T22694308A155576460.
413:L. (c.) kamtschatschensis
294:. Linnaeus specified the
208:
187:
180:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
44:
35:
30:
1631:Lesser black-backed gull
1559:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
1367:Internet Bird Collection
1307:Lockwood, William Burley
1020:, eds. (December 2023).
564:Adult breeding plumage,
2449:Birds described in 1758
1554:Great black-backed gull
1180:10.2173/bow.mewgul.01.1
481:L. c. kamtschatschensis
1937:Hybridisation in gulls
1860:Black-legged kittiwake
1375:Mew Gull photo gallery
945:British Names of Birds
629:
583:
568:
529:Larus canus sensu lato
404:
318:earlier used the name
2341:Paleobiology Database
1601:American herring gull
1596:European herring gull
624:
617:Behaviour and ecology
574:
563:
402:
2203:mew-gull-larus-canus
2162:Fauna Europaea (new)
1865:Red-legged kittiwake
1564:Glaucous-winged gull
492:L. kamtschatschensis
355:, and is ultimately
269:The common gull was
229:) is a medium-sized
1919:Swallow-tailed gull
1794:Slender-billed gull
1238:, pp. 799–800.
1201:Sibley, David Allen
515:The North American
455:Russian common gull
52:Conservation status
1678:Mediterranean gull
1606:Yellow-legged gull
1574:Yellow-footed gull
1388:IUCN Red List maps
1254:. London: Poyser.
1172:Birds of the World
1016:; Donsker, David;
914:Willughby, Francis
630:
584:
569:
405:
287:under the current
271:formally described
2421:
2420:
2328:Open Tree of Life
1954:Taxon identifiers
1945:
1944:
1932:Gull eggs as food
1789:Black-headed gull
1784:Brown-headed gull
1779:Black-billed gull
1764:Brown-hooded gull
1626:Slaty-backed gull
1539:Short-billed gull
1524:Black-tailed gull
1320:978-0-19-866196-2
1298:978-0-19-857506-1
1067:978-0-691-18059-5
1018:Rasmussen, Pamela
993:978-1-107-13047-0
864:978-1-4081-2501-4
826:Peters, James Lee
791:978-84-87334-20-7
625:Eggs, Collection
533:L. brachyrhynchus
525:L. brachyrhynchus
517:short-billed gull
489:
452:
431:
259:short-billed gull
217:
216:
75:
2461:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2349:
2348:
2336:
2335:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2270:
2268:NBNSYS0000000354
2258:
2257:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2169:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2117:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2030:00DA9D9151189271
2020:
2019:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1949:
1948:
1799:Bonaparte's gull
1544:Ring-billed gull
1458:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1371:
1362:"Mew Gull media"
1357:
1352:
1324:
1302:
1266:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1210:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1169:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1053:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
977:
971:
965:
959:
958:
940:
934:
933:
910:
904:
903:
890:
884:
878:
869:
868:
842:
836:
835:
822:
816:
815:
802:
796:
795:
779:
777:"Family Laridae"
771:
758:
757:
739:
726:
725:
723:
721:
716:
686:
670:fishing sequence
660:
646:Food and feeding
627:Museum Wiesbaden
592:ring-billed gull
484:
447:
423:
407:There are three
213:
193:
90:
89:
69:
64:
63:
40:
28:
27:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2444:Holarctic birds
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2305:
2302:Observation.org
2300:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2100:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1956:
1946:
1941:
1923:
1905:
1887:
1869:
1844:
1826:
1808:
1804:Saunders's gull
1759:Hartlaub's gull
1748:Red-billed gull
1734:Chroicocephalus
1727:
1713:Franklin's gull
1687:
1658:White-eyed gull
1642:
1549:California gull
1529:Heermann's gull
1493:
1472:
1462:
1360:
1343:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1299:
1283:, ed. (1983). "
1275:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1167:), version 1.1"
1158:
1154:
1147:
1131:
1127:
1098:
1094:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1054:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1011:
1007:
998:
996:
994:
978:
974:
966:
962:
955:
941:
937:
911:
907:
899:British Zoology
894:Pennant, Thomas
891:
887:
879:
872:
865:
843:
839:
823:
819:
803:
799:
792:
772:
761:
754:
740:
729:
719:
717:
687:
683:
678:
673:
672:
671:
666:
661:
648:
635:
619:
600:
558:
397:
320:common sea-mall
284:Systema Naturae
267:
204:
195:
189:
176:
139:Charadriiformes
84:
76:
65:
61:
54:
24:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2467:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2402:
2389:
2376:
2363:
2350:
2337:
2324:
2311:
2298:
2285:
2272:
2259:
2246:
2233:
2220:
2207:
2194:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2149:Fauna Europaea
2145:
2132:
2119:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2057:
2044:
2034:
2021:
2008:
1997:
1982:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
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1673:Audouin's gull
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1330:External links
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1287:Common gull".
1281:Cramp, Stanley
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1163:"Common Gull (
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549:brachyrhynchus
545:brachyrhynchus
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496:Kamchatka gull
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403:Winter plumage
396:
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341:is related to
308:Thomas Pennant
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1708:Laughing gull
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1579:Glaucous gull
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275:Carl Linnaeus
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1832:Rhodostethia
1831:
1814:Hydrocoloeus
1813:
1753:Huahine gull
1732:
1703:Dolphin gull
1692:
1647:
1611:Caspian gull
1584:Iceland gull
1569:Western gull
1533:
1519:Olrog's gull
1509:Pacific gull
1498:
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1183:. Retrieved
1171:
1164:
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1109:
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1030:. Retrieved
1025:
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997:. Retrieved
982:
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947:. Witherby.
944:
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743:
718:. Retrieved
704:
698:
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684:
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608:
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598:Distribution
588:herring gull
585:
577:Kizhi Island
548:
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444:L. c. heinei
443:
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357:onomatopoeic
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172:
171:
159:
31:Common gull
25:
2398:Larus-canus
2354:SeaLifeBase
2289:Neotropical
2211:iNaturalist
2017:Larus_canus
1992:Larus canus
1986:Wikispecies
1962:Larus canus
1840:Ross's gull
1822:Little gull
1774:Andean gull
1743:Silver gull
1694:Leucophaeus
1683:Relict gull
1649:Ichthyaetus
1534:Common gull
1422:media from
1420:Common gull
1404:Larus canus
1383:Larus canus
1338:Larus canus
1285:Larus canus
1165:Larus canus
1112:(ukab037).
1106:Ornithology
1014:Gill, Frank
693:Larus canus
668:Larus canus
556:Description
434:common gull
420:L. c. canus
379:. The word
375:form being
292:Larus canus
226:Larus canus
221:common gull
191:Larus canus
2428:Categories
2393:Xeno-canto
1883:Ivory gull
1663:Sooty gull
1471:: Laridae)
1397:Xeno-canto
1236:Cramp 1983
999:2021-04-14
676:References
409:subspecies
395:Subspecies
371:, the old
235:Palearctic
1875:Pagophila
1723:Grey gull
1718:Lava gull
1309:(1993) .
918:Ray, John
640:precocial
486:Bonaparte
247:Kamchatka
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
2255:22694308
2229:10452599
2190:mew-gull
2053:22694308
2048:BirdLife
2037:BioLib:
1971:Wikidata
1911:Creagrus
1203:(2000).
916:(1678).
896:(1768).
808:(1758).
746:. Helm.
720:13 April
633:Breeding
541:L. canus
438:nominate
425:Linnaeus
316:John Ray
265:Taxonomy
245:east to
243:Scotland
198:Linnaeus
145:Family:
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
2406:ZooBank
2180:7982160
2076:bob5900
2025:Avibase
1487:Species
1349:Avibase
1273:Sources
1185:20 July
1032:19 July
930:345-346
920:(ed.).
535:by the
490:; syn.
449:Homeyer
373:Norfolk
369:sea-maw
281:of his
277:in the
255:migrate
251:Russian
249:in the
239:Iceland
155:Genus:
149:Laridae
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
2385:137141
2346:372763
2333:855472
2320:137141
2294:mewgul
2242:176832
2187:GNAB:
2136:EURING
2115:LARUCA
2102:mewgul
2063:mewgul
2005:mewgul
1977:Q26427
1469:family
1424:ARKive
1415:Flickr
1317:
1295:
1258:
1219:
1143:
1064:
990:
951:
861:
788:
750:
581:Russia
566:Norway
500:canus,
488:, 1857
451:, 1853
389:gwylan
385:Celtic
343:German
333:, and
2439:Larus
2380:WoRMS
2359:75067
2281:28681
2224:IRMNG
2154:96935
2123:EUNIS
2097:eBird
2089:3SBPZ
2060:BOW:
1851:Rissa
1500:Larus
1478:Genus
1465:Gulls
505:canus
475:canus
471:canus
467:canus
463:canus
459:canus
361:Norse
359:. In
353:meeuw
350:Dutch
312:genus
304:canus
300:Latin
237:from
160:Larus
2372:9040
2315:OBIS
2276:NCBI
2250:IUCN
2237:ITIS
2216:4356
2175:GBIF
2141:5900
2128:1107
2110:EPPO
2040:8696
1893:Xema
1315:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1187:2024
1141:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1034:2024
988:ISBN
949:ISBN
859:ISBN
786:ISBN
748:ISBN
722:2021
705:2019
429:1758
381:gull
348:and
346:möwe
241:and
231:gull
219:The
202:1758
129:Aves
2367:TSA
2307:183
2263:NBN
2198:IBC
2084:CoL
2071:BTO
2012:ADW
2001:ABA
1413:on
1407:in
1395:on
1386:at
1213:483
1176:doi
1114:doi
1110:138
851:219
709:doi
611:USA
377:mow
367:or
365:maw
339:mew
335:mew
331:mar
327:maa
2430::
2408::
2395::
2382::
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2164::
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2138::
2125::
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2099::
2086::
2073::
2050::
2027::
2014::
2003::
1988::
1973::
1364:.
1347:.
1215:.
1170:.
1108:.
1104:.
1042:^
1024:.
928:,
926:27
873:^
857:.
855:89
853:,
762:^
730:^
703:.
697:.
579:,
494:–
483:–
453:–
446:–
436:.
432:–
427:,
422:–
391:.
329:,
322:.
314:.
200:,
1755:†
1467:(
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1450:t
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1399:.
1370:.
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1323:.
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1225:.
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1178::
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1116::
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1036:.
1002:.
957:.
932:.
867:.
794:.
756:.
724:.
711::
695:"
691:"
509:.
223:(
74:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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