31:
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248:(p9 and p10) have conspicuous white spots or "mirrors". Between p5 and p8, the primaries have white "tongue tips" which form a 'string of pearls' transitioning to the broad white trailing edge. p4 usually has a black markings in many birds. In comparison, common gulls have a larger bill and shorter wings. The wingtips of common gulls have more extensive black wingtips with smaller mirrors on p9-10, a narrower trailing edge, and typically lack black markings on p4 as well as the white tongue tip on p8.
49:
170:
243:
The short-billed gull is a small gull with a length 40–45 cm (16–18 in) and a wingspan 100–120 cm (39–47 in). It is smaller than other gulls in the Common gull complex, with a shorter bill and longer wings. Its wings appear long and narrow in flight relative to its short body. In
226:
to be a subspecies of the common gull, others have recognized the two as distinct species. In 2021, the
American Ornithological Society agreed to split the short-billed gull as a distinct species based on differences in genetics, plumage, morphology and vocalizations. Though 'mew gull' has been used
264:
at this stage. Many first-year birds retain juvenile plumage through the winter, but some grow grayish saddle feathers intermixed with juvenile feathers. The bill becomes pink at the base with a black tip by the first winter. Second-year birds resemble adults but may have brown wing covert feathers
244:
breeding plumage, adults have a white head, pale eyes surrounded by a red orbital skin, yellow legs and bill with no markings. In winter, the head is marked with brown mottling, the eye orbital skin becomes grayish and the bill becomes duller with a faint dark marking. In flight, the two outermost
265:
and black markings on the tertials, lacking white spots on the wingtips except the p10 mirror. Third-year birds are similar to adults but may have dark markings on primary coverts, secondaries, underwing and tail, with more extensive black on the wingtips.
259:
Short-billed gulls take 3 years to attain breeding plumage. Juveniles are brownish overall with dark brown wingtips. They appear darker and more smudged on the head and neck, compared to the paler and finely-marked common gull, which more closely resembles
285:, and less frequently to Baja California, the Northern Rockies and Ontario. It is a very rare visitor to eastern North America and a vagrant to east Asia. There is one recent record of a short-billed gull in Europe, on the
309:
Chesser, R Terry; Billerman, Shawn M; Burns, Kevin J; Cicero, Carla; Dunn, Jon L; Hernández-Baños, Blanca E; Kratter, Andrew W; Lovette, Irby J; Mason, Nicholas A; Rasmussen, Pamela C; Remsen, J V (2021-06-29).
281:
The short-billed gull breeds in colonies along coastal areas and inland wetlands, mainly in Alaska and
Northwest Canada. Most birds winter along the Pacific coast down to the
1153:
460:
1084:
474:
Alfrey, P.; Ahmad, M. (2007). "Short-billed Gull on
Terceira, Azores, in February–March 2003 and identification of the 'Mew Gull complex'".
272:
Subadult (third-year) short-billed gull in flight. Note the white tongue tips forming a "string of pearls" between primaries 5 and 8.
1058:
207:). Most authorities, including the American Ornithological Society in 2021, have split the two populations as distinct species.
436:
311:
403:
Rasmussen, Pamela C. (10 November 2020). "Split Mew Gull Larus canus brachyrhynchus and rename as Short-billed Gull".
379:
1148:
1089:
1138:
513:
1049:
215:
The species was first described by
Scottish naturalist John Richardson in 1831 as the 'short-billed mew gull',
222:
Though some authorities, including the
American Ornithologist's Union from 1931 onwards, have long considered
30:
159:
312:"Sixty-second Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds"
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688:
48:
725:
611:
1115:
1011:
994:
917:
1110:
658:
653:
143:
1102:
268:
235:
and the fact that short-billed gull was previously used in older AOS checklists since 1886.
192:
that breeds in northwestern North
America. In North America, it was previously known as the
922:
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251:
8:
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856:
851:
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was chosen due to the usage of "mew gull" in recent literature to denote all forms of
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908:
780:
775:
673:
616:
60:
1005:
1028:
989:
80:
38:
Adult short-billed gull, Anchorage
Coastal Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
544:
110:
286:
70:
557:
535:
120:
522:
308:
189:
90:
674:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
405:
AOS Classification
Committee – North and Middle America
227:as name for the species in North America, the name
350:
1130:
351:Swainson, William; Richardson, Sir John (1831).
548:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
428:Gulls of the world : a photographic guide
196:, when it was considered conspecific with the
507:
16:Gull species native to western North America
521:
473:
1154:Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)
726:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
514:
500:
459:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
374:. Hans Larsson. London: Christopher Helm.
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29:
467:
402:
327:
267:
250:
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371:Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America
1131:
827:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
1010:
1009:
495:
424:
367:
411:
304:
302:
13:
14:
1165:
299:
47:
407:. Proposal Set 2021-A: 187–188.
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188:) is a medium-sized species of
396:
361:
344:
255:First-winter short-billed gull
238:
1:
425:Olsen, Klaus Malling (2018).
368:Olsen, Klaus Malling (2004).
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7:
329:10.1093/ornithology/ukab037
210:
10:
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1018:
985:
967:
949:
931:
906:
888:
870:
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749:
704:
555:
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431:. Princeton, New Jersey.
167:
149:
142:
44:Scientific classification
42:
37:
28:
23:
689:Lesser black-backed gull
617:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
1149:Birds described in 1831
612:Great black-backed gull
1139:Birds of North America
995:Hybridisation in gulls
918:Black-legged kittiwake
273:
256:
135:L. brachyrhynchus
1111:Paleobiology Database
659:American herring gull
654:European herring gull
271:
254:
1050:Larus brachyrhynchus
1020:Larus brachyrhynchus
923:Red-legged kittiwake
622:Glaucous-winged gull
217:Larus brachyrhynchus
185:Larus brachyrhynchus
153:Larus brachyrhynchus
977:Swallow-tailed gull
852:Slender-billed gull
736:Mediterranean gull
664:Yellow-legged gull
632:Yellow-footed gull
274:
257:
24:Short-billed gull
1126:
1125:
1098:Open Tree of Life
1012:Taxon identifiers
1003:
1002:
990:Gull eggs as food
847:Black-headed gull
842:Brown-headed gull
837:Black-billed gull
822:Brown-hooded gull
684:Slaty-backed gull
597:Short-billed gull
582:Black-tailed gull
438:978-0-691-18059-5
283:Sacramento Valley
229:short-billed gull
180:short-billed gull
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857:Bonaparte's gull
602:Ring-billed gull
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262:Ring-billed gull
246:primary feathers
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21:
20:
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963:
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902:
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862:Saunders's gull
817:Hartlaub's gull
806:Red-billed gull
792:Chroicocephalus
785:
771:Franklin's gull
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716:White-eyed gull
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607:California gull
587:Heermann's gull
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101:Charadriiformes
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731:Audouin's gull
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694:Heuglin's gull
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572:Belcher's gull
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357:. John Murray.
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322:(3): ukab037.
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224:brachyrhynchus
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959:Sabine's gull
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766:Laughing gull
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679:Armenian gull
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647:Thayer's gull
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637:Glaucous gull
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484:(4): 201–212.
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477:Dutch Birding
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381:0-7136-7087-8
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144:Binomial name
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890:Rhodostethia
889:
872:Hydrocoloeus
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811:Huahine gull
790:
761:Dolphin gull
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705:
669:Caspian gull
642:Iceland gull
627:Western gull
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577:Olrog's gull
567:Pacific gull
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277:Distribution
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1072:NatureServe
1044:Wikispecies
898:Ross's gull
880:Little gull
832:Andean gull
801:Silver gull
752:Leucophaeus
741:Relict gull
707:Ichthyaetus
592:Common gull
316:Ornithology
239:Description
205:Larus canus
201:common gull
1133:Categories
1035:Q107426140
941:Ivory gull
721:Sooty gull
529:: Laridae)
447:1005861102
293:References
198:palearctic
160:Richardson
1077:2.1215777
933:Pagophila
781:Grey gull
776:Lava gull
455:cite book
354:The Birds
338:0004-8038
289:in 2003.
129:Species:
67:Kingdom:
61:Eukaryota
1064:11205778
1029:Wikidata
969:Creagrus
390:57006518
233:L. canus
211:Taxonomy
194:mew gull
107:Family:
81:Chordata
77:Phylum:
71:Animalia
57:Domain:
545:Species
117:Genus:
111:Laridae
97:Order:
87:Class:
1116:428889
1103:910287
1090:666865
527:family
445:
435:
388:
378:
336:
287:Azores
162:, 1831
1144:Gulls
909:Rissa
558:Larus
536:Genus
523:Gulls
122:Larus
1085:NCBI
1059:GBIF
951:Xema
461:link
443:OCLC
433:ISBN
386:OCLC
376:ISBN
334:ISSN
190:gull
178:The
91:Aves
324:doi
320:138
219:.
1135::
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1087::
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1046::
1031::
482:29
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457:}}
453:{{
441:.
413:^
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318:.
314:.
301:^
813:†
525:(
515:e
508:t
501:v
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449:.
392:.
340:.
326::
203:(
182:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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