812:
832:
774:
45:
333:
31:
762:
789:
731:
94:
750:
263:
69:
325:
583:. Average egg size is a breadth of 42.6–44.0 mm (1.68–1.73 in), a length of 58.1–60.6 mm (2.29–2.39 in) and a weight of 61.2–66.6 g (2.16–2.35 oz). The incubation period ranges from 28 to 32 days. The female does all the incubating and is abandoned by the male about 1 to 2 weeks into incubation. The young remain in the nest for about 24–36 hours.
722:
during the 1970s, representing slightly less than 4% of the total waterfowl killed in Canada during that period, and less than 1% of the total waterfowl killed in the US. Both the breeding and winter habitats of these birds have been degraded by clearance and pollution. However, the common goldeneye
506:
Adult males range from 45–51 cm (18–20 in) and weigh approximately 1,000 g (2.2 lb), while females range from 40–50 cm (16–20 in) and weigh approximately 800 g (1.8 lb). The common goldeneye has a wingspan of 77–83 cm (30–33 in). The species is named for
587:
is quite common with other common goldeneyes, and occurs less frequently with other duck species. The broods commonly start to mix with other females' broods as they become more independent or are abandoned by their mothers. Goldeneye young have been known to be competitively killed by other
1452:
507:
its golden-yellow eyes. Adult males have a dark head with a greenish gloss and a circular white patch below the eye, a dark back and a white neck and belly. Adult females have a brown head and a mostly grey body. Their legs and feet are orange-yellow.
1428:
557:
and most winter in protected coastal waters or open inland waters at more temperate latitudes. Naturally, they nest in cavities in large trees, where they return year after year, though they will readily use
2010:
831:
1369:
Pöysä, Hannu; Rask, Martti; Nummi, Petri (1994). "Acidification and ecological interactions at higher trophic levels in small forest lakes: the perch and the common goldeneye".
811:
1442:
1171:"Nest-site limitation and density dependence of reproductive output in the common goldeneye Bucephala clangula: implications for the management of cavity-nesting birds"
1294:
Eadie, John McA.; Kehoe, F. Patrick; Nudds, Thomas D. (1988-08-01). "Pre-hatch and post-hatch brood amalgamation in North
American Anatidae: a review of hypotheses".
773:
2285:
1776:
845:
2163:
1755:
2228:
1061:
841:
1057:
2386:
1344:
1781:
961:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2114:
2176:
1219:
575:
Natural tree cavities chosen for nest sites include those made by broken limbs and those made by large woodpeckers, specifically
1492:
1439:
2267:
1786:
1069:
2181:
788:
2406:
2280:
2137:
2062:
1118:
1134:
Dow, Hilary; Fredga, Sven (1985). "Selection of nest sites by a hole-nesting duck, the
Goldeneye Bucephala clangula".
436:
as Europe but in 1761 restricted this to Sweden. The common goldeneye is now one of three species placed in the genus
2337:
1806:
1229:
2401:
2345:
2233:
2093:
2106:
2075:
416:
209:
2142:
2215:
1984:
1917:
1413:
1888:
1879:
2246:
1961:
1729:
1966:
497:, 1838) – subarctic from west Alaskan mainland to Labrador and New Brunswick, south through northern USA
1485:
1018:
899:
1400:
93:
2391:
2350:
1930:
761:
2396:
2241:
1405:
1004:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 495.
724:
604:
Common goldeneyes are diving birds that forage under water. Year-round, about 32% of their prey is
494:
245:
2207:
1470:
984:(in Latin) (2nd ed.). Stockholmiae: Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 43.
2324:
694:
443:
433:
749:
44:
2311:
2168:
1948:
1841:
1796:
1586:
399:
Common goldeneyes are aggressive and territorial ducks, and have elaborate courtship displays.
2194:
981:
Fauna svecica, sistens animalia sveciae regni mammalia, aves amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes
932:
Eadie, J. M.; Mallory, M. L.; Lumsden, H. G. (1995). "Common
Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)".
2306:
1478:
426:
367:
188:
2298:
2129:
964:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 125.
332:
2332:
2036:
1953:
1904:
1899:
1791:
1672:
1530:
1258:
1182:
780:
1085:
8:
1682:
1022:
876:
576:
515:
480:
408:
58:
1419:
1262:
1186:
30:
1581:
1378:
1247:"Nest parasitism and hatching success in a population of Goldeneyes Bucephala clangula"
1147:
286:
88:
1330:
2293:
1997:
1616:
1601:
1550:
1311:
1276:
1225:
1200:
1195:
1170:
1151:
1114:
1065:
818:
2363:
2015:
1989:
999:
979:
1801:
1760:
1621:
1458:
1303:
1266:
1190:
1143:
937:
894:
735:
685:
593:
584:
580:
438:
363:
165:
2002:
959:
2254:
2080:
1976:
1713:
1606:
1520:
1446:
421:
2220:
2101:
2088:
1641:
1631:
1540:
1525:
1026:
730:
554:
1271:
1246:
1086:"Common Goldeneye Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
2380:
2189:
1811:
1750:
1703:
1646:
1596:
1576:
1315:
1280:
1204:
1155:
975:
955:
885:
719:
546:
472:
447:
412:
371:
205:
78:
73:
1864:
1591:
1555:
1545:
1111:
Waterfowl of North
America, Europe, and Asia : an identification guide
795:
145:
2067:
1433:
2319:
2202:
2150:
1873:
1816:
1611:
1501:
1465:
715:
589:
542:
262:
1940:
1382:
2358:
2119:
1734:
1687:
1535:
995:
621:
605:
484:
461:
386:
2259:
708:
Agreement on the
Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
2049:
1677:
453:
meaning "bullheaded" or "large-headed". The specific epithet is from
105:
2155:
1835:
1333:(Report). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture.
1307:
941:
714:) applies. Around 188,300 common goldeneyes were killed annually by
2054:
2028:
1858:
1667:
1662:
1505:
1500:
559:
538:
476:
355:
155:
125:
533:. They are found in the lakes and rivers of boreal forests across
2041:
1925:
1708:
1626:
1571:
853:
803:
677:
613:
2272:
324:
1912:
799:
661:
624:
are the predominant prey during migration and winter. Locally,
617:
609:
550:
534:
115:
2023:
723:
in North
America is known to derive short-term benefits from
649:
629:
530:
454:
390:
868:
849:
711:
669:
653:
641:
625:
135:
652:, while females and their broods have been preyed upon by
645:
706:
The common goldeneye is one of the species to which the
596:. The young are capable of flight at 55–65 days of age.
385:, "head"), a reference to the bulbous head shape of the
442:
that was introduced in 1858 by the
American naturalist
874:
1245:
Eriksson, Mats O. G.; Andersson, Malte (1982-03-01).
475:, 1758) – subarctic from Scotland and Scandinavia to
1017:
931:
487:, north Mongolia and Heilongjiang (northeast China)
900:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680455A132529366.en
1777:British Association for Shooting and Conservation
1440:Feathers of Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
1345:"Common Goldeneye Minnesota Conservation Summary"
1244:
2378:
1293:
1756:Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002
1425:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1368:
1486:
1113:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
1054:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
994:
1217:
620:are the predominant prey while nesting and
524:
483:(southeast Russia), in south through north
1782:Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
1493:
1479:
1434:Common Goldeneye wildlife photos and voice
1331:Food Habits of North American Diving Ducks
1168:
261:
67:
43:
29:
1827:Rarely shot because of declining numbers.
1270:
1194:
1133:
898:
640:They themselves may fall prey to various
1221:Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America
974:
954:
729:
331:
323:
1051:
514:has a longer and thicker bill than the
389:. The species name is derived from the
2379:
1787:Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust
1328:
1108:
366:. Its closest relative is the similar
1840:
1839:
1474:
1102:
1056:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1033:. International Ornithologists' Union
1027:"Screamers, ducks, geese & swans"
1013:
1011:
998:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
370:. The genus name is derived from the
2107:eb12bb88-5908-4714-bd4a-e24a719547d4
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
2387:IUCN Red List least concern species
2143:common-goldeneye-bucephala-clangula
1169:Pöysä, H.; Pöysä, S. (2002-06-13).
886:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
599:
13:
1148:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1985.tb05034.x
1008:
779:Just after a dive - showing clear
411:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
14:
2418:
1807:Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom
1393:
934:The Birds of North America Online
914:
457:"clangere" meaning "to resound".
1414:Common Goldeneye Species Account
1196:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00726.x
1031:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
1001:Check-List of Birds of the World
830:
810:
787:
772:
760:
748:
537:and the northern United States,
92:
1362:
1337:
1329:Cottam, Clarence (April 1939).
1322:
1287:
1238:
1211:
1162:
1127:
875:BirdLife International (2018).
701:
1453:Common goldeneye photo gallery
1078:
1045:
988:
968:
948:
692:) and American red squirrels (
529:Their breeding habitat is the
501:
1:
1429:eNature.com: Common Goldeneye
861:
1455:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1416:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1218:Baldassarre, Guy A. (2014).
635:
565:
336:Female goldeneye with chicks
7:
2407:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1730:League Against Cruel Sports
1296:Canadian Journal of Zoology
570:
402:
10:
2423:
1175:Journal of Applied Ecology
1109:Reeber, Sébastien (2015).
1052:Jobling, James A. (2010).
741:
1848:
1825:
1769:
1743:
1722:
1696:
1655:
1564:
1513:
1459:Interactive range map of
1371:Annales Zoologici Fennici
1350:. Minnesota Audubon. 2014
1272:10.1080/00063658209476737
893:: e.T22680455A132529366.
446:. The genus name is from
432:. Linnaeus specified the
407:The common goldeneye was
292:
285:
269:
260:
222:
217:
194:
187:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1406:Internet Bird Collection
1401:"Common goldeneye media"
1025:, eds. (December 2023).
632:can be important foods.
525:Distribution and habitat
2402:Birds described in 1758
695:Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
328:Bucephala clangula Pair
1797:Driven grouse shooting
738:
337:
329:
2307:Paleobiology Database
1508:in the United Kingdom
1090:www.allaboutbirds.org
733:
335:
327:
315:(Linnaeus, 1758)
2102:Fauna Europaea (new)
1792:Countryside Alliance
1673:European fallow deer
1531:Red-legged partridge
1436:at nature-photos.org
781:nictitating membrane
577:pileated woodpeckers
377:("bullheaded", from
354:) is a medium-sized
254:(American goldeneye)
235:(Eurasian goldeneye)
1420:Common Goldeneye -
1263:1982BirdS..29...49E
1187:2002JApEc..39..502P
588:goldeneye mothers,
481:Kamchatka Peninsula
307:Linnaeus, 1758
299:Linnaeus, 1758
59:Conservation status
2364:Bucephala-clangula
2016:bucephala-clangula
1918:bucephala-clangula
1905:Bucephala_clangula
1880:Bucephala clangula
1850:Bucephala clangula
1466:IUCN Red List maps
1461:Bucephala clangula
1445:2018-03-04 at the
1422:Bucephala clangula
1021:; Donsker, David;
879:Bucephala clangula
838:Bucephala clangula
823:Orconectes virilis
739:
725:lake acidification
409:formally described
368:Barrow's goldeneye
351:Bucephala clangula
338:
330:
198:Bucephala clangula
2374:
2373:
2294:Open Tree of Life
1842:Taxon identifiers
1833:
1832:
1617:Northern shoveler
1602:Pink-footed goose
1551:Eurasian woodcock
1071:978-1-4081-2501-4
1023:Rasmussen, Pamela
819:northern crayfish
734:Eggs, Collection
686:northern flickers
628:eggs and aquatic
608:, 28% is aquatic
594:red-necked grebes
581:black woodpeckers
322:
321:
312:Clangula clangula
280: Nonbreeding
255:
249:
236:
230:
82:
24:Common goldeneye
2414:
2392:Bucephala (bird)
2367:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2327:
2315:
2314:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2288:
2286:common-goldeneye
2276:
2275:
2263:
2262:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2221:NBNSYS0000000191
2211:
2210:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2146:
2145:
2133:
2132:
2130:common-goldeneye
2123:
2122:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1957:
1956:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1931:68EA281AF74846D2
1921:
1920:
1908:
1907:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1837:
1836:
1802:Glorious Twelfth
1761:Hunting Act 2004
1683:Reeves's muntjac
1637:Common goldeneye
1622:Northern pintail
1495:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1410:
1387:
1386:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1302:(8): 1709–1721.
1291:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1015:
1006:
1005:
992:
986:
985:
972:
966:
965:
952:
946:
945:
929:
912:
911:
909:
907:
902:
872:
834:
814:
791:
776:
764:
752:
736:Museum Wiesbaden
690:Colaptes auratus
600:Food and feeding
585:Brood parasitism
464:are recognised:
396:("to resound").
342:common goldeneye
316:
308:
300:
279:
273:
265:
253:
243:
234:
229:(Linnaeus, 1758)
228:
200:
180:B. clangula
97:
96:
76:
71:
70:
47:
33:
21:
20:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2397:Holarctic birds
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2258:
2255:Observation.org
2253:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1765:
1739:
1718:
1714:European rabbit
1692:
1651:
1607:Eurasian wigeon
1560:
1521:Common pheasant
1509:
1499:
1447:Wayback Machine
1399:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1327:
1323:
1308:10.1139/z88-247
1292:
1288:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1167:
1163:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1016:
1009:
993:
989:
973:
969:
953:
949:
942:10.2173/bna.170
930:
915:
905:
903:
873:
869:
864:
857:
835:
826:
815:
806:
794:In flight over
792:
783:
777:
768:
767:Female portrait
765:
756:
753:
744:
704:
660:spp.), various
638:
602:
573:
568:
549:, and northern
527:
512:B. c. americana
510:The subspecies
504:
491:B. c. americana
422:Systema Naturae
405:
314:
306:
298:
281:
277:
275:
271:
241:B. c. americana
213:
202:
196:
183:
91:
83:
72:
68:
61:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2355:
2342:
2329:
2316:
2303:
2290:
2277:
2264:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2212:
2199:
2186:
2173:
2160:
2147:
2134:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2089:Fauna Europaea
2085:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2033:
2020:
2007:
1994:
1981:
1971:
1958:
1945:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1896:
1885:
1870:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1642:Common moorhen
1639:
1634:
1632:Common pochard
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1565:Quarry species
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Rock ptarmigan
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Grey partridge
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1456:
1450:
1449:at ornithos.de
1437:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1395:
1394:External links
1392:
1389:
1388:
1377:(4): 397–404.
1361:
1336:
1321:
1286:
1237:
1230:
1210:
1181:(3): 502–510.
1161:
1126:
1120:978-0691162669
1119:
1101:
1077:
1070:
1044:
1007:
987:
976:Linnaeus, Carl
967:
956:Linnaeus, Carl
947:
913:
866:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
836:
829:
827:
816:
809:
807:
793:
786:
784:
778:
771:
769:
766:
759:
757:
754:
747:
743:
740:
703:
700:
637:
634:
601:
598:
572:
569:
567:
564:
526:
523:
519:B. c. clangula
503:
500:
499:
498:
488:
469:B. c. clangula
404:
401:
381:, "bull " and
320:
319:
318:
317:
309:
301:
296:Anas bucephala
290:
289:
283:
282:
276:
274: Breeding
270:
267:
266:
258:
257:
251:
250:
232:
231:
226:B. c. clangula
220:
219:
215:
214:
203:
192:
191:
185:
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2419:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Deer stalking
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Game Act 1831
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:European hare
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1647:Eurasian coot
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:Greylag goose
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Golden plover
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1233:
1231:9781421407517
1227:
1224:. JHU Press.
1223:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1002:
997:
991:
983:
982:
977:
971:
963:
962:
957:
951:
943:
939:
935:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
901:
896:
892:
888:
887:
882:
880:
871:
867:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
833:
828:
824:
820:
813:
808:
805:
801:
797:
790:
785:
782:
775:
770:
763:
758:
755:Male portrait
751:
746:
745:
737:
732:
728:
726:
721:
720:North America
717:
713:
709:
699:
697:
696:
691:
687:
683:
682:Procyon lotor
679:
675:
674:Mustela vison
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
597:
595:
591:
586:
582:
578:
563:
561:
556:
552:
548:
547:Baltic States
544:
540:
536:
532:
522:
520:
517:
513:
508:
496:
492:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
466:
465:
463:
458:
456:
452:
449:
448:Ancient Greek
445:
444:Spencer Baird
441:
440:
435:
434:type location
431:
430:Anas clangula
428:
427:binomial name
424:
423:
418:
417:tenth edition
414:
413:Carl Linnaeus
410:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
372:Ancient Greek
369:
365:
361:
358:of the genus
357:
353:
352:
347:
343:
334:
326:
313:
310:
305:
304:Anas glaucion
302:
297:
294:
293:
291:
288:
284:
268:
264:
259:
256:
247:
242:
239:
238:
237:
227:
224:
223:
221:
216:
211:
207:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
52:Adult female
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1849:
1697:Other quarry
1636:
1592:Canada goose
1556:Common snipe
1546:Black grouse
1502:Game animals
1460:
1421:
1404:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1339:
1324:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1257:(1): 49–54.
1254:
1250:
1240:
1220:
1213:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1142:(1): 16–30.
1139:
1135:
1129:
1110:
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1080:
1053:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1030:
1000:
990:
980:
970:
960:
950:
933:
904:. Retrieved
890:
884:
878:
870:
837:
822:
796:Rideau River
716:duck hunters
707:
705:
702:Conservation
693:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
639:
603:
590:common loons
574:
528:
518:
511:
509:
505:
490:
468:
459:
450:
437:
429:
420:
406:
398:
393:
382:
378:
374:
359:
350:
349:
345:
341:
339:
311:
303:
295:
252:
240:
233:
225:
197:
195:
179:
178:
166:
146:Anseriformes
18:
2320:SeaLifeBase
2242:Neotropical
2203:NatureServe
2151:iNaturalist
1874:Wikispecies
1817:Deer forest
1612:Tufted duck
1582:Wood pigeon
1019:Gill, Frank
996:Mayr, Ernst
906:12 November
846:Kuivasjärvi
842:Kaijonlahti
684:) and even
622:crustaceans
612:and 10% is
606:crustaceans
553:. They are
543:Scandinavia
502:Description
375:boukephalos
218:Subspecies
38:Adult male
2381:Categories
2359:Xeno-canto
1735:Animal Aid
1688:Water deer
1536:Red grouse
1514:Game birds
1251:Bird Study
1095:2020-09-26
862:References
560:nest boxes
485:Kazakhstan
462:subspecies
451:oukephalos
425:under the
387:bufflehead
364:goldeneyes
344:or simply
1723:Opponents
1678:Sika deer
1316:0008-4301
1281:0006-3657
1205:1365-2664
1156:1474-919X
636:Predators
566:Behaviour
562:as well.
555:migratory
495:Bonaparte
439:Bucephala
360:Bucephala
346:goldeneye
246:Bonaparte
174:Species:
167:Bucephala
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
2208:2.101051
2195:22680455
2169:11008974
2042:45510601
1954:22680455
1949:BirdLife
1938:BioLib:
1859:Wikidata
1770:See also
1668:Roe deer
1663:Red deer
1506:shooting
1443:Archived
1383:23735678
978:(1761).
958:(1758).
678:raccoons
614:molluscs
571:Breeding
539:Scotland
516:nominate
477:Sakhalin
473:Linnaeus
403:Taxonomy
394:clangere
356:sea duck
287:Synonyms
206:Linnaeus
156:Anatidae
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
2120:2498326
1990:bob2180
1926:Avibase
1709:Red fox
1627:Gadwall
1572:Mallard
1354:23 July
1259:Bibcode
1183:Bibcode
1037:28 June
854:Finland
840:in icy
817:With a
804:Ontario
742:Gallery
668:spp.),
666:Mustela
662:weasels
618:Insects
610:insects
419:of his
415:in the
383:kephale
248:, 1838)
162:Genus:
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
2351:159197
2299:166683
2273:159197
2247:comgol
2234:107022
2182:175141
2127:GNAB:
2076:EURING
2055:BUCPCL
2029:comgol
1977:comgol
1913:ARKive
1893:comgol
1865:Q29865
1381:
1314:
1279:
1228:
1203:
1154:
1117:
1068:
800:Ottawa
650:eagles
630:plants
551:Russia
545:, the
535:Canada
362:, the
278:
272:
2346:WoRMS
2325:73599
2312:83459
2164:IRMNG
2094:96544
2063:EUNIS
2024:eBird
1974:BOW:
1967:10078
1379:JSTOR
1348:(PDF)
658:Ursus
654:bears
642:hawks
531:taiga
455:Latin
391:Latin
2338:2896
2281:ODNR
2268:OBIS
2229:NCBI
2190:IUCN
2177:ITIS
2156:6990
2115:GBIF
2081:2180
2050:EPPO
2003:NM25
1962:BOLD
1941:8488
1656:Deer
1577:Teal
1504:and
1356:2015
1312:ISSN
1277:ISSN
1226:ISBN
1201:ISSN
1152:ISSN
1136:Ibis
1115:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1039:2024
908:2021
891:2018
850:Oulu
712:AEWA
670:mink
648:and
646:owls
626:fish
592:and
479:and
460:Two
379:bous
340:The
210:1758
136:Aves
2333:TSA
2216:NBN
2138:IBC
2068:923
2037:EoL
2011:CMS
1998:CoL
1985:BTO
1900:ADW
1889:ABA
1744:Law
1464:at
1304:doi
1267:doi
1191:doi
1144:doi
1140:127
1062:110
938:doi
895:doi
844:in
718:in
698:).
676:),
579:or
2383::
2361::
2348::
2335::
2322::
2309::
2296::
2283::
2270::
2260:80
2257::
2244::
2231::
2218::
2205::
2192::
2179::
2166::
2153::
2140::
2117::
2104::
2091::
2078::
2065::
2052::
2039::
2026::
2013::
2000::
1987::
1964::
1951::
1928::
1915::
1902::
1891::
1876::
1861::
1403:.
1375:31
1373:.
1310:.
1300:66
1298:.
1275:.
1265:.
1255:29
1253:.
1249:.
1199:.
1189:.
1179:39
1177:.
1173:.
1150:.
1138:.
1088:.
1064:.
1060:,
1058:79
1029:.
1010:^
936:.
916:^
889:.
883:.
852:,
848:,
802:,
798:,
727:.
644:,
616:.
541:,
521:.
208:,
1494:e
1487:t
1480:v
1409:.
1385:.
1358:.
1318:.
1306::
1283:.
1269::
1261::
1234:.
1207:.
1193::
1185::
1158:.
1146::
1123:.
1098:.
1074:.
1041:.
944:.
940::
910:.
897::
881:"
877:"
856:.
825:)
821:(
710:(
688:(
680:(
672:(
664:(
656:(
493:(
471:(
348:(
244:(
212:)
204:(
81:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
-_female.jpg)
.jpg)