120:
31:
849:
216:) and art dealer since 1936, and that it was being exported by his heirs to Switzerland. This was done by a representative of Tawadrus' heirs who procured a translation of the export license provided in February 1977 by the German embassy in Cairo. Egypt allowed the export of some antiquities prior to the passage of the Antiquities Protection Law of 1983. The Met was led to believe that the coffin had remained in the possession of the family up until its purchase by the museum in 2017.
819:
707:
166:"), there are inscriptions outside of those from the Book of the Dead that talk about who the person was, their titles, the great deeds that they did while they were alive, et cetera. Nedjemankh's coffin lists his many titles, which all revolved around being a priest, suggesting that he devoted his life to being a priest for
174:
priest," "priest who adorns the divine image", and "priest of
Heryshef-who-resides-in-Herakleopolis." Ancient Egyptians viewed coffins/sarcophagi and tombs as a home for the dead, where they would spiritually live in the afterlife, hence all the decorations. Just as people make funeral arrangements
249:'s Office, which presented the museum with evidence provided by the Egyptian government that the dealer's 1971 export license had been forged. Further evidence showed the coffin had been stolen in 2011 and its ownership history was fraudulent. The museum then shuttered the then-ongoing exhibition
219:
Following the announcement that the provenance papers for the coffin had been forged, an investigation was launched. The Met stated that they would "pursue claims against all parties... involved in deceiving the museum." The French police had some suspicions that Roben Dib, a German-Lebanese art
204:
purchased this coffin in July 2017 from a
Parisian art dealer. The Met purchased Nedjemankh's coffin from Parisian art dealer and Mediterranean archaeology expert (particularly "Greek, Roman, Egyptian and Near East antiquities"), Christophe Kunicki, for 3.5 million Euros (roughly 3.9 - 4 million
179:
about silver and gold in relation to "the flesh of the gods", and that it would be decorated with these precious metals (gold on the outside and silver on the inside). In doing this, Nedjemankh ensured that his physical body and spirit would be as divine as the gods' in the afterlife.
159:, the Egyptian God of the afterlife. The Book of the Dead references the Djed symbol and states that the presence of the symbol on/around a mummy will not only help the spirit regain their backbone in the afterlife, but will ensure their resurrection, just as Osiris was resurrected.
408:
894:
228:
during the unrest caused by the
Egyptian Crisis/Arab Spring, including Nedjemankh's coffin. The results of the investigation led to Christophe Kunicki and his husband, Richard Semper, being charged with participation in gang
780:
724:
107:. The coffin was purchased by the New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art in July 2017 to be the centerpiece of an exhibition entitled "Nedjemankh and His Gilded Coffin." The Metropolitan Museum of Art
856:
636:
175:
today, (wealthier) Egyptians could commission the creation of their physical coffin and dictate what would be inscribed upon it. Nedjemankh ensured his coffin had the inscription of a
143:
and the embalming of the mummy are commonly seen in depictions in
Egyptian ritual ceremonies. There is an inscription invoking gold and silver. Inside is a figure of
253:, previously scheduled to run through April 21, 2019, and handed the coffin over to the Antiquities Repatriation Department of the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities.
212:
in 1971, authorized by the
Antiquities Organization, and that it once belonged to Habib Tawadrus, owner of Habib & Company in Cairo (across from the
759:
540:
127:
The coffin is 181 cm (72.25 in) long, 53 cm (20.875 in) wide, and 28 cm (11 in) deep. It is made of a combination of
662:
135:), paint, gold, silver, resin, glass, wood, and leaded bronze. The lid is covered with vignettes, or images, of funerary spells from the
1035:
725:"The Illicit Antiquities Trade as a Transnational Criminal Network: Characterizing and Anticipating Trafficking of Cultural Heritage"
909:
795:
691:
571:
769:
377:
1010:
974:
868:
119:
30:
1030:
1025:
1020:
246:
857:"Paris dealer who sold golden sarcophagus to New York's Metropolitan Museum charged with fraud and money laundering"
749:
637:"Paris dealer who sold golden sarcophagus to New York's Metropolitan Museum charged with fraud and money laundering"
189:
714:
285:
920:
837:
1015:
1005:
220:
dealer had conspired with
Kunicki to create forged documents and craft false provenance to launder artifacts
936:
760:"Paris Dealer Who Sold Golden Sarcophagus to the Met Charged with Money Laundering & Other Stories."
606:
541:"Paris Dealer Who Sold Golden Sarcophagus to the Met Charged with Money Laundering & Other Stories"
201:
848:
545:
826:
476:
458:
434:
311:
878:
Contested
Cultural Heritage: Religion, Nationalism, Erasure, and Exclusion in a Global World.
952:
779:
Korotayev, Andrey V.; Issaev, Leonid; Malkov, Sergey Yu.; Shishkina, Alisa R (Spring 2014).
433:
Korotayev, Andrey V.; Issaev, Leonid; Malkov, Sergey Yu.; Shishkina, Alisa R (Spring 2014).
111:
Nedjemankh and his coffin to Egypt in 2019, before the scheduled closure of the exhibition.
739:
262:
213:
8:
803:
699:
579:
504:
454:
339:
818:
706:
188:
The coffin is believed to have been looted from Egypt in 2011 at the beginning of the
956:
508:
496:
343:
331:
96:
450:
155:
pillar hieroglyph, which is used to represent stability, as well as the backbone of
948:
488:
446:
323:
234:
136:
978:
753:
Journal of
Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality (JAAUTH)
885:"Blind Spots in Museum Anthropology: Ancient Egypt in the Ethnographic Museum."
884:
740:"Egypt's Dispersed Heritage: Multi-Directional Storytelling through Comic Art."
999:
960:
500:
335:
144:
92:
869:
A Brief
History of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA): 1858 to present
715:"Looting and the World's Archaeological Heritage: The Inadequate Response."
492:
327:
151:, partially covered with silver foil. On the base of the coffin there is a
108:
937:"LOOTING AND THE WORLD'S ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: The Inadequate Response"
225:
193:
163:
197:
128:
44:
916:. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
827:"Making The Met, 1870-2020: A Universal Museum for the 21st Century."
663:"Director of the Louvre Arrested and a Dive into French Criminal Law"
148:
477:"Making The Met, 1870–2020: A Universal Museum for the 21st Century"
359:
357:
355:
353:
312:"Making The Met, 1870–2020: A Universal Museum for the 21st Century"
167:
104:
844:. Vol. CLXVIII, no. 58, 240. New York City. p. A22.
350:
221:
245:
In
February 2019, the Metropolitan Museum was approached by the
208:
The false provenance for Nedjemankh's coffin states that it was
910:"Base of a gilded coffin of the priest of Heryshef, Nedjemankh"
692:"Base of a gilded coffin of the priest of Heryshef, Nedjemankh"
572:"Base of a gilded coffin of the priest of Heryshef, Nedjemankh"
209:
156:
60:
569:
432:
230:
132:
100:
52:
48:
690:
661:
Wilson-Milne, Katie; Schindler, Steven (6 September 2022).
176:
152:
140:
56:
796:"Lid of the coffin of the priest of Heryshef, Nedjemankh"
607:"Metropolitan Museum Repatriates Gilded Coffin to Egypt"
162:
On many ancient Egyptian coffins (more commonly called "
613:. Archaeological Institute of America. 19 February 2019
794:
522:
520:
518:
363:
660:
908:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art (24 September 2017).
570:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art (24 September 2017).
880:
New York, United States: Springer Publishing, 2010.
515:
997:
935:Brodie, Neil; Renfrew, Colin (1 October 2005).
601:
599:
597:
474:
309:
934:
838:"Met to Return Artifact Plundered From Egypt"
594:
406:
975:"Supreme Council of Antiquities - History"
781:"The Arab Spring: A Quantitative Analysis"
729:International Journal of Cultural Property
475:Macaulay-Lewis, Elizabeth (1 April 2021).
435:"The Arab Spring: A Quantitative Analysis"
310:Macaulay-Lewis, Elizabeth (1 April 2021).
29:
758:Farmer, Jana S. (Monday, July 20, 2020).
835:
770:"Ancient Egyptian Amulets: Djed-pillars"
526:
378:"Ancient Egyptian Amulets: Djed-pillars"
139:. The weighing of the heart against the
118:
953:10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120551
738:El- Gawad, Heba Abd, and Sue Hamilton.
103:of Nedjemankh, a priest of the ram-god
998:
883:Stevenson, Alice, and Alice Williams.
832:Vol. 125, no. 2 (April 2021): 319-330.
745:21, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 121-45.
538:
899:The Department of Egyptian Art Annals
630:
628:
565:
563:
470:
468:
416:The Department of Egyptian Art Annals
375:
280:
278:
890:45, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 96 – 110.
836:Moynihan, Colin (16 February 2019).
765:Retrieved Wednesday, March 15, 2023.
634:
402:
400:
398:
977:. 22 September 2019. Archived from
774:Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum
768:Foley, Kierra (February 15, 2023).
382:Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum
63:, resin, glass, wood, leaded bronze
13:
921:"Nedjemank and His Gilded Coffin."
625:
560:
465:
376:Foley, Kierra (15 February 2023).
286:"Nedjemankh and His Gilded Coffin"
275:
240:
35:Detail of the coffin of Nedjemankh
14:
1047:
713:Brodie, Neil, and Colin Renfrew.
395:
369:
303:
247:New York County District Attorney
919:The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
866:Supreme Council of Antiquities.
847:
830:American Journal of Archaeology.
817:
705:
539:Farmer, Jana S. (20 July 2020).
251:Nedjemankh and His Gilded Coffin
967:
928:
873:n.d. (accessed February 2023).
755:. Vol. 18, No. 2 (2022): 27-40.
684:
654:
481:American Journal of Archaeology
459:10.13169/arabstudquar.36.2.0149
451:10.13169/arabstudquar.36.2.0149
316:American Journal of Archaeology
855:Noce, Vincent (27 June 2020).
776:. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
743:Journal of Social Archaeology,
735:: 113–114 – via ResearchGate.
635:Noce, Vincent (27 June 2020).
532:
426:
290:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
114:
1:
1036:Egypt–United States relations
941:Annual Review of Anthropology
718:Annual Review of Anthropology
268:
183:
196:") and was sold with forged
7:
1011:Ancient Egyptian sarcophagi
825:Macaulay-Lewis, Elizabeth.
723:Campbell, Peter B. (2013).
256:
10:
1052:
863:. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
800:Metropolitan Museum of Art
696:Metropolitan Museum of Art
364:Metropolitan Museum of Art
202:Metropolitan Museum of Art
75:
67:
40:
28:
23:
1031:Ancient Egyptian priests
1026:2nd-century BC artifacts
1021:1st-century BC artifacts
763:The National Law Review.
200:documents. The New York
546:The National Law Review
16:Ancient Egyptian coffin
791:(2): 150 – via JSTOR.
785:Arab Studies Quarterly
493:10.3764/aja.125.2.0319
439:Arab Studies Quarterly
328:10.3764/aja.125.2.0319
192:(also referred to as "
124:
99:. It once encased the
893:The MET (2017–2018).
702:on 24 September 2017.
407:The MET (2017–2018).
123:The lid of the coffin
122:
95:coffin from the late
1016:Archaeological theft
1006:Art of ancient Egypt
981:on 22 September 2019
876:Silverman, Helaine.
806:on 17 September 2017
582:on 24 September 2017
263:Art of ancient Egypt
89:coffin of Nedjemankh
24:Coffin of Nedjemankh
888:Museum Anthropology
667:The Art Law Podcast
895:"New Acquisitions"
842:The New York Times
461:– via JSTOR.
409:"New Acquisitions"
149:goddess of the sky
131:(linen, glue, and
125:
861:The Art Newspaper
641:The Art Newspaper
214:Shepheard's Hotel
85:
84:
55:), gesso, paint,
1043:
991:
990:
988:
986:
971:
965:
964:
932:
914:Internet Archive
852:
851:
845:
822:
821:
815:
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811:
802:. Archived from
710:
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698:. Archived from
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652:
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632:
623:
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578:. Archived from
576:Internet Archive
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235:money laundering
137:Book of the Dead
97:Ptolemaic Period
93:ancient Egyptian
33:
21:
20:
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750:"God Heryshef."
748:Ezz Ali, Mona.
720:, 2005: 343-361
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241:Return to Egypt
224:throughout the
190:Egyptian Crisis
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11:
5:
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947:(1): 343–361.
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487:(2): 319–330.
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322:(2): 319–330.
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923:The MET. N/A.
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527:Moynihan 2019
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170:: "priest", "
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983:. Retrieved
979:the original
969:
944:
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829:
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
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700:the original
695:
685:Bibliography
670:. Retrieved
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644:. Retrieved
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615:. Retrieved
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584:. Retrieved
580:the original
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550:. Retrieved
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385:. Retrieved
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293:. Retrieved
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126:
91:is a gilded
88:
86:
51:, glue, and
18:
985:14 February
810:16 February
611:Archaeology
387:15 February
295:18 February
226:Middle East
194:Arab Spring
115:Description
109:repatriated
1000:Categories
445:(2): 150.
269:References
198:provenance
184:Provenance
164:sarcophagi
129:cartonnage
76:Discovered
45:Cartonnage
961:0084-6570
509:234102567
501:0002-9114
344:234102567
336:0002-9114
71:150–50 BC
672:16 March
646:16 March
617:15 March
586:16 March
552:15 March
257:See also
210:exported
172:sameref-
168:Heryshef
105:Heryshaf
41:Material
905:: Pg. 1
901:. Vol.
897:(PDF).
68:Created
959:
507:
499:
457:
342:
334:
222:looted
205:USD).
157:Osiris
147:, the
61:silver
505:S2CID
455:JSTOR
412:(PDF)
340:S2CID
231:fraud
141:Ma'at
133:gesso
101:mummy
81:Egypt
53:gesso
49:linen
987:2023
957:ISSN
812:2019
674:2023
648:2023
619:2019
588:2023
554:2023
497:ISSN
422:: 1.
389:2023
332:ISSN
297:2023
233:and
177:hymn
153:djed
87:The
79:2011
57:gold
949:doi
489:doi
485:125
447:doi
324:doi
320:125
145:Nut
1002::
955:.
945:34
943:.
939:.
912:.
859:.
840:.
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789:36
787:.
783:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
