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data, corrupt an entire computer system or to keep spreading the malware. One of the previous most used ways to spread malware was fake AV pages and with the rise of codec technology, both have been used in combination to take advantage of online users. This combination allows fake codecs to be automatically downloaded to a device through a website linked in a pop-up ad, virus/codec alerts or articles as well.
349:(AVI) is sometimes erroneously described as a codec, but AVI is actually a container format, while a codec is a software or hardware tool that encodes or decodes audio or video into or from some audio or video format. Audio and video encoded with many codecs might be put into an AVI container, although AVI is not an
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codecs allow more users, but they also have more distortion. Beyond the initial increase in distortion, lower bit rate codecs also achieve their lower bit rates by using more complex algorithms that make certain assumptions, such as those about the media and the packet loss rate. Other codecs may not
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into whatever data is being compressed and uses it as a disguise. This disguise appears as a codec download through a pop-up alert or ad. When a user goes to click or download that codec, the malware is then installed on the computer. Once a fake codec is installed it is often used to access private
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Many popular codecs are lossy. They reduce quality in order to maximize compression. Often, this type of compression is virtually indistinguishable from the original uncompressed sound or images, depending on the codec and the settings used. The most widely used lossy data compression technique in
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There are thousands of audio and video codecs, ranging in cost from free to hundreds of dollars or more. This variety of codecs can create compatibility and obsolescence issues. The impact is lessened for older formats, for which free or nearly-free codecs have existed for a long time. The older
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Lossless codecs are often used for archiving data in compressed form while retaining all information present in the original stream. If preserving the original quality of the stream is more important than eliminating the correspondingly larger data sizes, lossless codecs are preferred. This is
327:, and often some metadata that permits synchronization of audio and video. Each of these three streams may be handled by different programs, processes, or hardware; but for the multimedia data streams to be useful in stored or transmitted form, they must be encapsulated together in a
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converts analog audio signals into digital signals for transmission or encodes them for storage. A receiving device converts the digital signals back to analog form using an audio decoder for playback. An example of this is the codecs used in the sound cards of personal computers. A
308:(44.1 kHz, 16-bit stereo, as represented on an audio CD or in a .wav or .aiff file) has long been a standard across multiple platforms, but its transmission over networks is slow and expensive compared with more modern compressed formats, such as
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In addition to encoding a signal, a codec may also compress the data to reduce transmission bandwidth or storage space. Compression codecs are classified primarily into
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codec) of a sports event needs to encode motion well but not necessarily exact colors, while a video of an art exhibit needs to encode color and surface texture well.
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make those same assumptions. When a user with a low bitrate codec talks to a user with another codec, additional distortion is introduced by each
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formats are often ill-suited to modern applications, however, such as playback on small portable devices. For example, raw uncompressed
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between source encoding and playback. In contrast, audio codecs for recording or broadcasting can use high-latency
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above 5.0 – all sound artifacts will be beyond threshold of human perception with corresponding perception margin
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is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec.
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form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in
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In the mid-20th century, a codec was a device that coded analog signals into digital form using
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A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in
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audio. Smaller data sets ease the strain on relatively expensive storage sub-systems such as
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This article is about encoding and decoding a digital data stream. For other uses, see
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are used when an online user takes a type of codec and installs viruses and other
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especially true if the data is to undergo further processing (for example,
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Two principal techniques are used in codecs, pulse-code modulation and
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Device or software for encoding or decoding a digital data stream
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are examples of container formats that are ISO standardized.
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techniques to achieve higher fidelity at a lower bit rate.
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673:"Audio quality of aac vs. mp3 vs. wma vs. ogg encoders"
292:Audio codecs for cell phones need to have very low
161:(IrDA) protocol, an endec may be used between the
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609:"Codec – Definition of Codec by Merriam-Webster"
154:accomplishes the same task for video signals.
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219:(DCT), used in compression standards such as
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586:. Ubuntu Documentation Team. Archived from
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584:"Ubuntu Documentation - What is a codec?"
443:Learn how and when to remove this message
659:"IrDA SIR ENDEC functional description"
14:
1932:
697:"Fake Video Codecs Still Going Strong"
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539:from the original on September 6, 2010
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493:Comparison of video container formats
414:This section may contain information
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632:Rouse, Margaret (24 October 2016).
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483:Comparison of audio coding formats
125:Audio coding format § History
121:Video coding format § History
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72:In electronic communications, an
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117:Image compression § History
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561:. About.com. Archived from
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1790:Compressed data structures
1112:RLE + BWT + MTF + Huffman
780:Asymmetric numeral systems
508:List of open-source codecs
488:Comparison of video codecs
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391:ISO base media file format
319:data streams contain both
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1079:LZ77 + Huffman + context
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498:Digital signal processing
420:to the article's subject.
217:discrete cosine transform
159:Infrared Data Association
1854:Smallest grammar problem
1795:Compressed suffix array
1344:Nyquist–Shannon theorem
478:Audio signal processing
557:Siegchrist, Gretchen.
347:Audio Video Interleave
157:When implementing the
32:Codec (disambiguation)
1824:Kolmogorov complexity
1692:Video characteristics
1069:LZ77 + Huffman + ANS
418:important or relevant
379:MPEG transport stream
271:Further information:
177:Further information:
131:pulse-code modulation
115:Further information:
1914:Compression software
1508:Compression artifact
1464:Psychoacoustic model
590:on February 19, 2012
425:improve this section
249:write-once-read-many
1904:Compression formats
1543:Texture compression
1538:Standard test image
1354:Silence compression
559:"About.com - Codec"
383:MPEG program stream
241:non-volatile memory
187:Audio coding format
183:Video coding format
1812:Information theory
1667:Display resolution
1493:Chroma subsampling
882:Byte pair encoding
827:Shannon–Fano–Elias
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634:"Encoder/Decoder"
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375:DivX Media Format
298:audio compression
179:Image compression
97:videoconferencing
16:(Redirected from
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565:on April 5, 2015
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529:"Using codecs"
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503:List of codecs
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1682:Frame types
1503:Color space
1329:Convolution
1059:LZ77 + ANS
970:Incremental
943:Other types
862:Levenshtein
643:27 December
458:Fake codecs
341:transcoding
277:Audio codec
273:Video codec
231:video, and
195:codecs and
173:Compression
152:video codec
147:audio codec
137:functions.
82:portmanteau
63:portmanteau
51:data stream
1934:Categories
1886:Mark Adler
1844:Redundancy
1761:Daubechies
1744:Estimation
1677:Frame rate
1599:Daubechies
1559:Chain code
1518:Macroblock
1324:Companding
1261:Estimation
1181:Daubechies
887:Lempel–Ziv
847:Exp-Golomb
775:Arithmetic
702:2022-01-09
679:2010-07-25
638:Techopedia
618:2019-01-15
594:2009-12-21
569:2009-12-21
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515:References
317:multimedia
135:companding
1863:Community
1687:Interlace
1073:Zstandard
852:Fibonacci
842:Universal
800:Canonical
533:Microsoft
367:RealMedia
363:QuickTime
312:and MP3.
306:PCM audio
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169:systems.
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1849:Symmetry
1817:Timeline
1800:FM-index
1645:Bit rate
1638:Concepts
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1349:Sampling
1302:Bit rate
1295:Concepts
997:Sequitur
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537:Archived
471:See also
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165:and the
141:Examples
1807:Entropy
1756:Wavelet
1735:Motion
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1574:Fractal
1569:Deflate
1552:Methods
1339:Latency
1252:Motion
1176:Wavelet
1093:LHA/LZH
1043:Deflate
992:Re-Pair
987:Grammar
817:Shannon
790:Huffman
746:methods
464:malware
397:Malware
336:bitrate
294:latency
205:editing
111:History
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1945:Codecs
1918:codecs
1879:People
1782:Theory
1749:Vector
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785:Golomb
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1393:ÎĽ-law
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1132:Lossy
1116:bzip2
1107:LZHAM
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1459:MDCT
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1159:MDCT
1103:LZMA
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323:and
310:Opus
275:and
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163:UART
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1716:DCT
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1609:EZW
1604:DWT
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1447:LSP
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