43:
764:
543:. When more information resulted in knowing a bit about what a missile was used for, it would be given a designation like "SS-6", for the sixth surface-to-surface missile design reported. Finally, when either an aircraft or a missile was able to be photographed with a hand-held camera, instead of a reconnaissance aircraft, it was given a name like "
562:. Fighter names began with an "F", bombers with a "B", cargo aircraft with a "C". Training aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft were grouped under the word "miscellaneous", and received "M". The same convention applies to missiles, with air-launched ground attack missiles beginning with the letter "K" and surface-to-surface missiles (ranging from
193:. Random lists of names were issued to users in alphabetical blocks of ten words and were selected as required. Words became available for re-use after six months and unused allocations could be reassigned at discretion and according to need. Judicious selection from the available allocation could result in clever meanings and result in an
696:, use of a code name allows the eventual choice of product nomenclature (the name the product(s) are marketed and sold under) to be decoupled from the development effort. This is especially important when one project generates multiple products, or multiple projects are needed to produce a single product. This allows for
601:
Presently, British forces tend to use one-word names, presumably in keeping with their post-World War II policy of reserving single words for operations and two-word names for exercises. British operation code names are usually randomly generated by a computer and rarely reveal its components or any
606:
was called "Operation Telic" compared to
Americans' "Operation Iraqi Freedom", obviously chosen for propaganda rather than secrecy). Americans prefer two-word names, whereas the Canadians and Australians use either. The French military currently prefer names drawn from nature (such as colors or the
597:
Winston
Churchill was particular about the quality of code names. He insisted that code words, especially for dangerous operations, would be not overly grand nor petty nor common. One emotional goal he mentions is to never have to report to anyone that their son "was killed in an operation called
184:
referring to nations, cities, geographical features, military units, military operations, diplomatic meetings, places, and individual persons were agreed upon, adapting pre-war naming procedures in use by the governments concerned. In the
British case names were administered and controlled by the
449:
after their closest bomber base to the US (just across the Bering Strait from Nome, Alaska). The names of colors are generally avoided in
American practice to avoid confusion with meteorological reporting practices. Britain, in contrast, made deliberately non-meaningful use of them, through the
163:
to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals, or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined. Another reason for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative errors over a
630:
In the United States code names are commonly set entirely in upper case. This is not done in other countries, though for the UK in
British documents the code name is in upper case while operation is shortened to OP e.g., "Op. TELIC".
626:
for the stealth fighter development, are developmental programs, not meant to produce a production aircraft. Programs that start with Senior, such as Senior Trend for the F-117, are for aircraft in testing meant to enter production.
551:" – always an English word, as international pilots worldwide are required to learn English. The Soviet manufacturer or designation â which may be mistakenly inferred by NATO â has nothing to do with it.
504:, and Communist Chinese aircraft. Although this was started by the Air Standards Co-ordinating Committee (ASCC) formed by the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, it was extended throughout
726:) discuss code names publicly, and routinely use project code names on beta releases and such, but remove them from final product(s). In the case of Windows 95, the code name "CHICAGO" was left embedded in the
492:
of war. This type of naming scheme differs from the other use of code names in that it does not have to be kept secret, but is a means of identification where the official nomenclature is unknown or uncertain.
681:
To uniquely identify the project within the organization. Code names are frequently chosen to be outside the normal business/domain jargon that the organization uses, in order to not conflict with established
535:
airbase. The intelligence units would then assign it a code name consisting of the official abbreviation of the base, then a letter, for example, "Ram-A", signifying an aircraft sighted at
384:
Britain and the United States developed the security policy of assigning code names intended to give no such clues to the uninitiated. For example, the
British counter measures against the
1058:), was an assigned code name of India's first nuclear weapon explosion, which took place on 18 May 1974. The device was detonated by the Indian Army in the long-constructed army base,
512:
for aircraft, rockets and missiles. These names were considered by the
Soviets as being like a nickname given to one's unit by the opponents in a battle. The Soviets did not like the
159:
or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in
898:
3572:
718:). Other companies never use them in official or formal communications, but widely disseminate project code names through informal channels (often in an attempt to create a
1561:
1541:
was code-named "Incident of 57th Street" to disguise the production from its increasingly rabid fanbase, who would seek out filming locations and disrupt production.
1522:
was code-named "Blue
Harvest" while in production and principal photography. This was reportedly to prevent disruption by fans and the media as well as to avoid
320:
inferred that the device used a single beam and from that determined, correctly, how it must work. A counter-system was quickly created which made Wotan useless.
703:
To decouple an early phase of a development effort (which may have failed) from a subsequent phase (which may be given a "fresh start") as a political tool.
622:
In many cases with the United States, the first word of the name has to do with the intent of the program. Programs with "have" as the first word, such as
468:
Although German and
Italian aircraft were not given code names by their Allied opponents, in 1942, Captain Frank T. McCoy, an intelligence officer of the
1370:
433:
Although the word could stand for a menace to shipping (in this case, that of Japan), the
American code name for the attack on the subtropical island of
714:
discuss or disclose project code names outside of the company (other than with outside entities who have a need to know, and typically are bound with a
1927:
205:
had a partial naming sequence referring to devices or instruments which had a number as part of their meaning, e.g., the third meeting was "TRIDENT".
201:, although policy was to select words that had no obviously deducible connection with what they were supposed to be concealing. Those for the major
3021:
2689:
2612:
463:
2901:
2433:
1878:
1530:
1062:
Test Range. It was also the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.
2511:
1082:â originally a code name adopted in 1915 by the British government for the first tracked armoured vehicles, which were then under development
710:
Different organizations have different policies regarding the use and publication of project code names. Some companies take great pains to
928:
488:", the system was later extended to include girls' names and names of trees and birds, and became widely used by the Allies throughout the
3152:
1622:
Webster, Graham (2013). "History of the British Inter-Services Security Board and the Allocation of Code-Names in the Second World War".
2617:
778:
706:
To prevent casual observers from concluding that a pre-release version is a new release of the product, thus helping reduce confusion.
1964:
1456:
1720:
1385:(where most of Intel's CPU projects are designed). Examples include Willamette, Deschutes, Yamhill, Tualatin, and Clackamas. See
1665:
689:
of the project against rival concerns. Some corporations routinely change project names in order to further confuse competitors.
1107:
356:) was deliberately named to suggest the opposite of its purpose – a defensive "watch" as opposed to a massive
1849:
489:
774:
3438:
3285:
1779:
1687:
1597:
107:
2957:
2859:
423:
331:
79:
1753:
126:
3567:
3443:
3290:
202:
3359:
619:("Triggerfish"). The CIA uses alphabetical prefixes to designate the part of the agency supporting an operation.
190:
86:
531:
Code names were adopted by the following process. Aerial or space reconnaissance would note a new aircraft at a
1911:
64:
209:, whose last name means "man of steel", was given the name "GLYPTIC", meaning "an image carved out of stone".
3577:
3006:
2993:
2574:
2710:
2337:
2289:
1957:
1804:
1556:
935:
902:
156:
93:
3708:
2815:
2015:
1571:
1566:
860:
743:
407:
317:
3104:
2365:
2086:
1535:
1309:
874:
747:
639:
60:
17:
75:
3547:
3416:
1462:
1317:
969:
268:
code names as nicknames which often openly revealed or strongly hinted at their content or function.
3518:
3374:
2911:
2200:
1438:
1011:
Test Range in May 1998. It was initiated with the detonation of one fusion and three fission bombs.
906:
856:
715:
642:). Computers are now used to aid in the selection. And further, there is a distinction between the
415:
349:
472:, invented a system for the identification of Japanese military aircraft. Initially using short, "
3687:
3257:
1950:
1841:
1774:
1592:
1450:
1386:
916:
892:
830:
790:
555:
53:
2589:
361:
3275:
3184:
2951:
2822:
2679:
2308:
1117:
960:
942:
231:
31:
578:
Throughout the Second World War, the British allocation practice favored one-word code names (
3026:
2071:
1576:
1328:
1091:
1076:) â an early Pakistani secret code name for its nuclear weapons programme during the Cold War
603:
181:
1860:
738:
as part of the official name of the final product, a practice that was started in 2002 with
3314:
3046:
2781:
1879:
Code Names: A Look Behind Secret U.S. Military Plans in the Middle East, Africa and at Home
1373:
related to that usage, and lost both, reaching an out-of-court settlement with the company.
1362:
910:
842:
816:
635:
341:
337:
235:
160:
945:â The US code name of the airland conflict from 17 January 1991, through 11 April 1991 in
615:
323:
8:
3718:
3674:
3411:
3401:
3324:
3299:
2622:
2356:
2332:
1581:
1381:
often names CPU projects after rivers in the American West, particularly in the state of
919:â The operation, was carried out in a Central Intelligence Agency-led operation in which
866:
826:
509:
609:
570:
rockets) with the letter "S", air-to-air missiles "A", and surface-to-air missiles "G".
3537:
3480:
3244:
2924:
2717:
2599:
2279:
2253:
2129:
2020:
1915:
1892:
1639:
1518:
982:
956:
623:
587:
583:
536:
390:
100:
1712:
750:
operating system until 2013, where the code name was different from the release name.
3623:
3389:
2878:
2758:
2152:
2118:
2113:
1919:
1907:
1845:
1836:
Code Names: Deciphering US Military Plans, Programs, and Operations in the 9/11 World
1834:
1749:
1657:
1643:
1396:
1336:
1238:
1128:
micro-architecture after the name of cities around the world. For the CPUs under the
1020:
820:
591:
579:
439:
403:
1221:(previously known as Mac OS X) after major California landmarks, such as Mavericks (
662:
is a code name (usually a single word, short phrase or acronym) which is given to a
418:
spy plane project, producing the fastest, highest-flying aircraft in the world, was
227:
Abbreviations, Acronyms, Codewords, Terms Appearing in WW II Histories and Documents
3508:
3384:
3379:
3280:
3201:
3098:
2766:
2735:
2642:
2501:
2222:
1631:
1487:
1355:
1343:
1137:
992:
786:
667:
445:
427:
309:
1942:
1140:
were used. Mobile platforms are named after birds (except for Puma). For example:
638:), or for controversy over the naming choice (Operation Infinite Justice, renamed
3513:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3354:
3319:
3270:
3228:
3194:
3122:
2999:
2906:
2748:
2725:
2684:
2438:
2398:
2210:
1743:
1635:
1511:
1431:
1321:
1036:
1014:
920:
878:
870:
485:
177:
3713:
3406:
3369:
3248:
3240:
3179:
3171:
3147:
3137:
3069:
3013:
2978:
2854:
2836:
2786:
2526:
2461:
2405:
2081:
2006:
1883:
1503:
1404:
1351:
1254:
1246:
1186:
1170:
1051:
739:
719:
525:
521:
477:
434:
395:
1769:
1691:
3702:
3396:
3304:
3223:
3112:
3093:
3078:
2983:
2946:
2829:
2796:
2776:
2699:
2674:
2669:
2656:
2627:
2584:
2521:
2428:
2413:
2384:
2297:
2091:
1973:
1923:
1829:
1602:
1551:
1523:
1444:
1427:
1416:
1332:
1313:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1258:
1250:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1166:
1111:
977:
973:
886:
852:
727:
539:. Missiles were given designations like "TT-5", for the fifth rocket seen at
451:
411:
297:
206:
165:
859:(NSG) conducted Operation Black Tornado to flush out the attackers from the
730:
and remained required through Windows Me. At the other end of the spectrum,
238:) which hold the publicly available records of central government for the UK
3662:
3650:
3600:
3594:
3589:
3448:
3142:
3088:
3083:
3036:
2970:
2896:
2886:
2865:
2809:
2743:
2694:
2556:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2506:
2481:
2471:
2378:
2159:
1977:
1262:
1242:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1040:
1024:
986:
846:
559:
544:
517:
513:
313:
261:
257:
249:
218:
586:). That of the Americans favored longer compound words, although the name
3635:
3557:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3127:
3041:
3031:
2891:
2849:
2844:
2661:
2637:
2579:
2546:
2516:
2496:
2491:
2466:
2456:
2423:
2418:
2234:
2215:
2169:
2164:
2045:
1713:"HyperWar: Glossary of Abbreviations, Acronyms, Codewords, Terms of WWII"
1499:
1495:
1234:
1174:
1085:
1065:
1004:
999:) refers to the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by
837:
532:
501:
305:
3628:
3611:
3552:
3532:
3189:
3117:
3064:
3060:
2988:
2804:
2771:
2704:
2607:
2551:
2373:
2327:
2284:
2239:
2190:
2123:
2103:
2066:
2040:
1996:
1991:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1366:
1347:
1230:
1226:
1214:
1129:
1028:
996:
731:
481:
399:
385:
357:
294:(a god whose power was "to see for a hundred miles") â long-range radar
186:
1482:, which was code-named Revolution for over a year. Others include the
855:â began on 26 November 2008 and lasted until 29 November when India's
594:
himself. Many examples of both types can be cited, as can exceptions.
301:
3640:
3527:
3503:
3265:
3157:
2917:
2632:
2315:
2249:
2142:
2137:
2010:
1586:
1392:
1302:
1222:
1144:
1073:
1055:
1048:â CIA project (an attempt at mind control technology & technique)
723:
473:
282:
214:
198:
42:
3657:
3645:
3606:
3584:
3475:
3364:
3309:
3132:
2931:
2391:
2344:
2303:
2274:
2262:
2205:
2185:
2147:
2108:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1266:
1069:
964:
950:
924:
882:
735:
671:
567:
540:
520:". However, some names were appropriate, such as "Condor" for the
497:
327:
291:
194:
1478:
often uses code names for new consoles. The best-known is that of
692:
When the goal of the project is to develop one or more commercial
3498:
3470:
2938:
2566:
2321:
2227:
2076:
2050:
2001:
1423:
1133:
1059:
1045:
1032:
1008:
686:
663:
558:, while propeller aircraft were designated with short names like
496:
The policy of recognition reporting names was continued into the
373:
2268:
1800:
1399:
operating systems) after place names. Examples include Chicago (
443:. The Soviet Union's project to base missiles in Cuba was named
275:
Golfplatz (German for "golf course") â Britain, employed by the
189:. This procedure was coordinated with the United States when it
3667:
3542:
2652:
2098:
1382:
1125:
946:
369:
286:
276:
927:, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, by Navy SEALs of the
3617:
3346:
3332:
3328:
1507:
1378:
1218:
1178:
1121:
1000:
873:
operation which took place 3â8 June 1984, in order to remove
469:
365:
353:
634:
This presents an opportunity for a bit of public-relations (
602:
political implications unlike the American names (e.g., the
1095:
1079:
833:
677:
Project code names are typically used for several reasons:
563:
548:
505:
1589:, the term for a code name when applied to a single person
410:
which managed the program. The code name for the American
330:) â plans to invade Britain (lions being prominent in the
1562:
List of U.S. Department of Defense and partner code names
1479:
1859:
Gehrs-Pahl, Andreas; Parsch, Andreas (4 October 2006).
1801:"OS X Mountain Lion â Move your Mac even further ahead"
1132:
brand, the names of stars were used as code names. For
457:
422:. The American group that planned that country's first
1861:"Code Names for U.S. Military Projects and Operations"
1510:
code name Project Cafe, and Nintendo's latest console
1200:
Opteron CPUs: Barcelona, Shanghai, SĂŁo Paulo, Istanbul
1094:- Winston Churchill's plan to invade the Soviet Union
923:, the founder and head of the Islamist militant group
700:
to be given a separate identity from the main project.
573:
554:
Jet-powered aircraft received two-syllable names like
1395:
often names projects (in particular, versions of the
934:"Geronimo", the code name for Osama bin Laden during
528:, which had a "pivotal" role in Soviet air-strategy.
252:, a British Naval intelligence officer, discloses in
185:
Inter Services Security Board (ISSB) staffed by the
30:"Codenames" redirects here. For the board game, see
1972:
1365:while it was under development. In 1994 astronomer
1017:â British-American invasion of North Africa in 1942
972:â the sustained bombing campaign conducted against
221:â Washington Command Post: The Operations Division
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1833:
1762:
1136:server CPUs and platforms, cities related to the
3700:
1858:
368:-exercise), which signified the plans to invade
344:) â plans to go east and invade the Soviet Union
1203:Server platforms: Catalunya, Fiorano, Maranello
464:World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft
304:. Knowing that the god Wotan had only one eye,
1958:
1426:used code names which are mostly named after
1151: : Newcastle, Venice, San Diego and Lima
379:
929:U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group
1209:Mobile platforms: Kite, Puma, Shrike, Eagle
1965:
1951:
1162:: Manchester, Toledo, Windsor and Brisbane
1900:PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly
1890:
1741:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
789:by adding descriptive text and removing
722:for the project). Still others (such as
230:Information from original files held at
1745:Churchill, the Great Game and Total War
1621:
1572:Military Operations listed by code name
1430:to reference different versions of the
1120:have also been naming their CPUs since
524:, or, most famously, "Fulcrum" for the
14:
3701:
1265:). Previous releases were named after
1217:currently names the major releases of
1108:List of computer technology code names
1946:
1891:Sieminski, Gregory C. (Autumn 1995).
1828:
985:â the planned invasion of Britain by
753:
1668:from the original on 16 October 2007
1305:). Other former code names include:
757:
734:includes the project code names for
653:
458:Aircraft recognition reporting names
244:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1598:Sensitive Compartmented Information
1361:Carl Sagan, which was used for the
895:â failed invasion of Germany (1944)
574:Military operations since Churchill
564:intercontinental ballistic missiles
171:
24:
1624:Intelligence and National Security
674:, government, and other concerns.
332:coat of arms of the United Kingdom
308:, a British scientist working for
281:Samland â The United States (from
213:Reference: Glossary of Names from
25:
3730:
1822:
1206:Mobile CPUs: Griffin, Lion, Swift
877:and his armed followers from the
646:names during former wars and the
168:or radio link than actual names.
2613:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1930:from the original on 7 June 2010
1688:"WORLD WAR II ALLIED CODE NAMES"
762:
607:names of animals), for instance
302:aerial bombing navigation system
41:
1807:from the original on 2002-08-29
1782:from the original on 2023-02-07
1742:Jablonsky, David (2013-09-13).
1723:from the original on 1 May 2018
1526:by local merchants and vendors.
1342:Varieties of apples, including
52:needs additional citations for
1912:United States Army War College
1893:"The Art of Naming Operations"
1793:
1735:
1705:
1680:
1650:
1615:
224:World War II Allied Operations
13:
1:
1608:
1502:code name Project Nitro, the
1486:'s code name of Dolphin, the
1470:Firefox trunk builds: Nightly
1101:
1636:10.1080/02684527.2013.846731
1557:Code word (figure of speech)
903:South African Special Forces
836:bombing campaign during the
819:â assassination of top Nazi
161:industrial counter-espionage
7:
1865:www.designation-systems.net
1567:List of Microsoft codenames
1545:
989:which was never carried out
810:
685:To assist with maintaining
598:'Bunnyhug' or 'Ballyhoo'."
408:Manhattan Engineer District
10:
3735:
3276:Imperial, royal, and noble
1910:, Carlisle, Pennsylvania:
1371:two lawsuits against Apple
1105:
875:Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
640:Operation Enduring Freedom
461:
380:Code names of other powers
29:
3683:
3491:
3463:
3360:Imperial, royal and noble
3345:
3256:
3237:
3170:
3059:
2969:
2877:
2795:
2757:
2734:
2651:
2598:
2565:
2480:
2447:
2364:
2353:
2248:
2178:
2059:
2033:
1984:
1748:. Routledge. p. 95.
1088:â British nuclear program
976:by the United States and
970:Operation Rolling Thunder
936:Operation Neptune's Spear
845:â German invasion of the
746:also used this for their
742:"Jaguar". Google and the
590:was personally chosen by
2201:Maiden and married names
1658:"Glossary of Code Names"
1498:as Project Reality, the
1467:Firefox pre-beta: Aurora
1138:Ferrari Formula One team
907:Central African Republic
857:National Security Guards
716:non-disclosure agreement
350:Operation Wacht am Rhein
271:Some German code names:
236:The Public Record Office
3688:Category:Lists of names
1842:South Royalton, Vermont
1775:Mary Ferrell Foundation
1593:Secret Service codename
1387:List of Intel codenames
1181:(Alpha Cygni), Propus (
917:Operation Neptune Spear
893:Operation Market Garden
831:United States Air Force
791:less pertinent examples
516:getting the code name "
476:" boys' names such as "
360:operation, just as was
254:Beyond Top Secret Ultra
2618:Eritrean and Ethiopian
1531:The Chamber of Secrets
1506:code name Oxygen, the
1422:For a period of time,
1301:), and Mountain Lion (
1124:generations under the
943:Operation Desert Storm
650:names of recent ones.
180:, names common to the
32:Codenames (board game)
3548:GaltonâWatson process
3153:Ancient Tamil country
2575:Australian Aboriginal
1106:Further information:
1092:Operation Unthinkable
909:to protect president
604:2003 invasion of Iraq
232:The National Archives
3315:Post-nominal letters
2434:Indigenous Taiwanese
1844:: Steerforth Press.
1363:Power Macintosh 7100
1327:Women's names, e.g.
1165:Phenom CPUs: Agena (
843:Operation Barbarossa
817:Operation Anthropoid
636:Operation Just Cause
613:("brocket deer") or
437:in World War II was
398:project centered in
362:Operation WeserĂŒbung
342:Frederick Barbarossa
338:Operation Barbarossa
61:improve this article
3675:Surnames by country
3300:Pre-nominal letters
2357:Surnames by country
1582:NATO reporting name
1308:Composers, such as
867:Operation Blue Star
827:Operation Arc Light
787:improve the article
666:being developed by
510:NATO reporting name
406:, derived from the
285:), employed by the
203:conference meetings
3709:Project management
3538:Endonym and exonym
3481:Calendar of saints
3464:Related traditions
3238:Manners of address
2600:Sub-Saharan Africa
2021:Nobiliary particle
1519:Return of the Jedi
983:Operation Sea Lion
957:Operation Overlord
754:Notable code names
728:INF File structure
537:Ramenskoye Airport
500:for Soviet, other
391:Operation Crossbow
3696:
3695:
3624:Personal identity
3459:
3458:
3166:
3165:
3107:
3055:
3054:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2960:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2868:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2720:
2713:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2179:By life situation
2132:
1908:Carlisle Barracks
1887:January 27, 2005.
1851:978-1-58642-083-3
1830:Arkin, William M.
1397:Microsoft Windows
1331:(rumored for the
1312:, after composer
1293:), Snow Leopard (
1021:Manhattan Project
821:Reinhard Heydrich
808:
807:
660:project code name
654:Project code name
616:Opération Baliste
592:Winston Churchill
440:Operation Iceberg
404:Manhattan Project
324:Operation Seelöwe
245:German code names
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3726:
3509:Anthropomorphism
3254:
3253:
3202:Buddhist surname
3103:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2958:Hispanic America
2956:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2864:
2835:
2828:
2823:African-American
2821:
2814:
2732:
2731:
2716:
2709:
2680:Ashkenazi Jewish
2485:and Western Asia
2450:and Central Asia
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2362:
2361:
2223:Placeholder name
2128:
2072:Double-barrelled
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1897:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1855:
1839:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1770:"CIA Cryptonyms"
1766:
1760:
1759:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1690:. Archived from
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1619:
1490:'s code name of
1488:Game Boy Advance
1415:) and Longhorn (
1237:), High Sierra (
993:Operation Shakti
899:Operation Morero
803:
800:
794:
766:
765:
758:
610:Opération Daguet
446:Operation Anadyr
428:Teapot Committee
310:Air Intelligence
264:habitually used
172:Military origins
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
27:Clandestine term
21:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3679:
3514:Personification
3487:
3455:
3341:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3229:Theophoric name
3162:
3067:
3051:
2965:
2873:
2791:
2753:
2730:
2659:
2647:
2594:
2561:
2484:
2476:
2449:
2443:
2355:
2349:
2244:
2211:Posthumous name
2174:
2055:
2029:
1980:
1971:
1933:
1931:
1895:
1881:â Broadcast on
1869:
1867:
1852:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1717:www.ibiblio.org
1711:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1548:
1432:Mozilla Firefox
1322:George Gershwin
1261:), and Sonoma (
1229:), El Capitan (
1114:
1104:
1039:program during
1037:nuclear weapons
1015:Operation Torch
921:Osama bin Laden
911:François Bozizé
879:Harmandir Sahib
871:Indian military
861:Hotel Taj Mahal
813:
804:
798:
795:
784:
767:
763:
756:
656:
576:
490:Pacific theater
466:
460:
426:was called the
402:was called the
382:
376:in April 1940.
312:of the British
247:
191:entered the war
174:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3732:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3444:Ecclesiastical
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:Ecclesiastical
3283:
3278:
3273:
3262:
3260:
3251:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3180:Christian name
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3070:Southeast Asia
3057:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2994:Eastern Slavic
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2013:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1974:Personal names
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1888:
1884:Democracy Now!
1876:
1856:
1850:
1824:
1823:External links
1821:
1818:
1817:
1792:
1761:
1754:
1734:
1704:
1679:
1649:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:CIA cryptonyms
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1534:sequel of the
1527:
1515:
1504:Game Boy Micro
1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1428:national parks
1420:
1405:Windows NT 3.5
1390:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1359:
1340:
1325:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1187:Lambda Orionis
1171:Alpha Centauri
1163:
1152:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1063:
1052:Smiling Buddha
1049:
1043:
1018:
1012:
990:
980:
967:
954:
951:First Gulf War
940:
939:
938:
914:
896:
890:
864:
849:
840:
824:
812:
809:
806:
805:
770:
768:
761:
755:
752:
740:Mac OS X v10.2
720:marketing buzz
708:
707:
704:
701:
690:
683:
655:
652:
575:
572:
526:Mikoyan MiG-29
522:Antonov An-124
459:
456:
381:
378:
352:(Watch on the
346:
345:
335:
321:
295:
289:
279:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
228:
225:
173:
170:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3731:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Mandaean name
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Biblical name
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:Ancient Greek
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2657:North America
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:Northern Asia
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2298:Nom de guerre
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
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1693:
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1603:Working title
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1577:Rainbow Codes
1575:
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1558:
1555:
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1524:price gouging
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1445:Gran Paradiso
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1314:Aaron Copland
1311:
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1224:
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1195:Gamma Velorum
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1167:Beta Centauri
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452:rainbow codes
448:
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211:
210:
208:
207:Joseph Stalin
204:
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169:
167:
166:walkie-talkie
162:
158:
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128:
120:
117:November 2009
109:
106:
102:
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95:
92:
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85:
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77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
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48:
44:
39:
38:
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3663:Signum manus
3651:Royal cypher
3616:
3601:Nomen nescio
3599:
3595:Nomenclature
3590:Naming taboo
3402:Professional
3245:of authority
3195:Saint's name
2860:Scandinavian
2482:Muslim world
2320:
2296:
2267:
2195:
2119:Occupational
1978:anthroponymy
1932:. Retrieved
1903:
1899:
1882:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:
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1809:. Retrieved
1795:
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1773:
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1725:. Retrieved
1716:
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1696:. Retrieved
1692:the original
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1662:www.army.mil
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1627:
1623:
1617:
1537:Harry Potter
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1169:), Toliman (
1160:Athlon 64 FX
1156:Athlon 64 X2
1149:Athlon 64 FX
1143:Single-core
1041:World War II
987:Nazi Germany
963:invasion of
905:sent to the
847:Soviet Union
799:October 2023
796:
785:Please help
773:may contain
772:
711:
709:
697:
693:
682:terminology.
676:
659:
657:
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633:
629:
621:
614:
608:
600:
596:
577:
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530:
514:Sukhoi Su-25
495:
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438:
432:
419:
389:
383:
348:Conversely,
347:
314:Air Ministry
270:
265:
262:Nazi Germany
258:World War II
256:that during
253:
250:Ewen Montagu
248:
219:World War II
175:
152:
148:
144:
140:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3636:Proper name
3558:Name change
3412:Educational
3390:Substantive
3329:decorations
3212:Jewish name
3207:Dharma name
3172:By religion
2837:Hongkongese
2662:Australasia
2502:Azerbaijani
2235:Regnal name
2216:Temple name
2046:Middle name
2034:By sequence
2011:Matrilineal
2007:Patrilineal
1630:(5): 1â31.
1539:film series
1496:Nintendo 64
1463:Tumucumaque
1277:), Jaguar (
1269:: Cheetah (
1233:), Sierra (
1175:Nu Draconis
1086:Tube Alloys
1066:Project-706
1005:Indian Army
949:during the
838:Vietnam War
698:subprojects
533:Warsaw Pact
502:Warsaw Pact
396:atomic bomb
388:was called
306:R. V. Jones
178:World War I
76:"Code name"
3719:Code names
3703:Categories
3629:Identifier
3612:Onomastics
3553:Legal name
3533:Deadnaming
3429:Diplomatic
3385:Subsidiary
3380:Hereditary
3271:Diplomatic
3190:Papal name
3099:Indonesian
3065:South Asia
3061:Indosphere
3027:Macedonian
3000:Belarusian
2907:Portuguese
2749:Lithuanian
2643:Zimbabwean
2439:Vietnamese
2399:Generation
2366:East Asian
2354:By culture
2328:Stage name
2285:Hypocorism
2250:Pseudonyms
2240:Slave name
2191:Birth name
2143:Teknonymic
2124:Patronymic
2104:Matronymic
2067:Diminutive
2041:First name
1997:Given name
1992:Birth name
1811:2012-11-10
1786:2023-02-07
1698:2005-05-02
1609:References
1413:Windows XP
1409:Windows 98
1401:Windows 95
1367:Carl Sagan
1348:Apple IIGS
1285:), Tiger (
1241:) Mojave (
1193:), Regor (
1154:Dual-core
1102:Commercial
1029:Little Boy
997:Pokhran-II
851:Operation
779:irrelevant
462:See also:
450:system of
400:New Mexico
358:blitzkrieg
234:(formerly
187:War Office
87:newspapers
18:Code names
3641:Signature
3528:Call sign
3504:Anonymity
3439:Religious
3365:Chivalric
3286:Religious
3281:Judiciary
3266:Honorific
3249:of honour
3148:Sinhalese
3138:Pakistani
3123:Malaysian
3118:Cambodian
3022:Kashubian
3014:Ukrainian
2979:Bulgarian
2918:Praenomen
2855:Icelandic
2726:Hungarian
2527:Pakistani
2462:Mongolian
2316:Ring name
2309:Heteronym
2275:Nicknames
2196:Code name
2148:Toponymic
2138:Sobriquet
2114:Mononymic
2109:Metonymic
2051:Last name
1924:0031-1723
1803:. Apple.
1644:153643351
1587:Pseudonym
1451:Shiretoko
1434:browser:
1393:Microsoft
1352:Macintosh
1297:), Lion (
1273:), Puma (
1189:), Rana (
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1145:Athlon 64
1074:Chagai-II
1056:Pokhran-I
1035:) â U.S.
869:â was an
823:in Prague
775:excessive
724:Microsoft
648:published
624:Have Blue
541:Tyura-Tam
474:hillbilly
283:Uncle Sam
215:U.S. Army
199:backronym
157:code word
153:cryptonym
149:call sign
141:code name
3658:Khelrtva
3646:Monogram
3607:Misnomer
3585:Namesake
3519:National
3476:Name day
3434:Judicial
3424:Business
3417:Honorary
3407:Academic
3397:Military
3370:Courtesy
3355:Academic
3320:Academic
3310:Emeritus
3113:Javanese
3094:Filipino
3079:Balinese
3047:Suffixes
2984:Croatian
2947:Romanian
2932:Cognomen
2830:Canadian
2816:American
2797:Germanic
2782:Scottish
2700:Georgian
2690:Estonian
2675:Armenian
2670:Albanian
2628:Ghanaian
2585:Hawaiian
2522:Mandaean
2429:Okinawan
2414:Japanese
2385:Courtesy
2345:Username
2338:Mononyms
2304:Pen name
2290:Monarchs
2263:Art name
2206:Necronym
2186:Aptronym
2099:Eponymic
2060:By trait
1934:25 April
1928:Archived
1870:25 April
1832:(2005).
1805:Archived
1780:Archived
1727:27 March
1721:Archived
1672:27 March
1666:Archived
1546:See also
1492:Atlantis
1484:GameCube
1476:Nintendo
1457:Namoroka
1439:Bon Echo
1356:McIntosh
1346:for the
1344:Cortland
1329:Jennifer
1320:, after
1318:Gershwin
1267:big cats
1070:Chagai-I
965:Normandy
925:al-Qaeda
883:Amritsar
863:, Mumbai
811:Military
781:examples
736:Mac OS X
694:products
672:academia
668:industry
588:Overlord
584:Frankton
568:antitank
518:Frogfoot
498:Cold War
484:", and "
328:Sea-lion
292:Heimdall
195:aptronym
145:codename
3578:Surname
3499:Acronym
3492:Related
3471:Baptism
3105:Chinese
3089:Burmese
3084:Bengali
3037:Serbian
3007:Russian
2952:Spanish
2939:Agnomen
2902:Occitan
2897:Italian
2887:Catalan
2879:Romance
2866:Swedish
2810:English
2767:Cornish
2744:Latvian
2718:Cypriot
2695:Finnish
2608:Ashanti
2567:Oceania
2557:Turkish
2537:Persian
2532:Pashtun
2507:Bengali
2472:Tibetan
2379:Chinese
2322:Shikona
2228:Notname
2160:Patrial
2153:Surname
2130:Surname
2077:Epithet
2016:Affixes
2002:Surname
1424:Mozilla
1335:), and
1310:Copland
1134:Opteron
1060:Pokhran
1046:MKULTRA
1033:Fat Man
1025:Trinity
1009:Pokhran
1003:at the
748:Android
687:secrecy
664:project
580:Jubilee
545:Flanker
508:as the
435:Okinawa
374:Denmark
176:During
101:scholar
3668:Tughra
3573:Middle
3543:Family
3347:Titles
3333:medals
3331:, and
3325:Orders
3305:Suffix
3258:Styles
3217:Hebrew
3143:Sindhi
3128:Indian
3042:Slovak
3032:Polish
2971:Slavic
2892:French
2850:Gothic
2845:German
2759:Celtic
2736:Baltic
2685:Basque
2653:Europe
2638:Yoruba
2580:Fijian
2547:Somali
2542:Sindhi
2517:Coptic
2512:Berber
2497:Arabic
2492:Afghan
2457:Kalmyk
2424:Manchu
2419:Korean
2406:Titles
2170:Virtue
2165:Unisex
2087:Common
2082:Animal
1922:
1848:
1752:
1642:
1514:as NX.
1512:Switch
1494:, the
1383:Oregon
1369:filed
1354:(from
1350:, and
1316:; and
1130:Phenom
1068:(with
1031:, and
1023:(with
961:Allied
947:Kuwait
644:secret
556:Foxbat
547:" or "
420:Oxcart
394:. The
370:Norway
287:Abwehr
277:Abwehr
266:ad hoc
182:Allies
103:
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3714:Names
3618:-onym
3568:Given
3564:List
3449:Papal
3375:False
2989:Czech
2925:Nomen
2912:Roman
2805:Dutch
2787:Welsh
2772:Irish
2705:Greek
2590:MÄori
2552:Tatar
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2374:Amami
2092:Plant
1918:-98.
1906:(3).
1896:(PDF)
1640:S2CID
1508:Wii U
1379:Intel
1247:10.15
1243:10.14
1239:10.13
1235:10.12
1231:10.11
1227:10.10
1219:macOS
1215:Apple
1179:Deneb
1122:90 nm
1001:India
732:Apple
712:never
470:USAAF
416:SR-71
366:Weser
354:Rhine
300:â an
298:Wotan
155:is a
151:, or
108:JSTOR
94:books
3241:List
3158:Thai
3068:and
2777:Manx
2660:and
2633:Igbo
2333:List
2280:list
2269:BugĆ
2254:list
1976:and
1936:2020
1920:ISSN
1872:2020
1846:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1729:2018
1674:2018
1337:Lisa
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1299:10.7
1295:10.6
1291:10.5
1287:10.4
1283:10.3
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1271:10.0
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1259:13.0
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1251:11.0
1223:10.9
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1147:and
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1072:and
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744:AOSP
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482:Jake
480:", "
478:Pete
424:ICBM
412:A-12
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316:and
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