346:
213:
330:
2253:
29:
317:
in 2004 were compared with that gathered by optical telescopes. One of the X-ray components (A) in the
Cloverleaf is brighter than the others in both optical and X-ray light but was found to be relatively brighter in X-ray than in optical light. The X-rays from iron atoms were also enhanced relative
241:
in our galaxy. Microlensing occurs when a star or a multiple star system passes in front of light from a background object. If a single star or a multiple star system in one of the foreground galaxies passed in front of the light path for the brightest image, then that image would be selectively
182:
Molecular gas (notably CO) detected in the host galaxy associated with the quasar is the oldest molecular material known and provides evidence of large-scale star formation in the early universe. Thanks to the strong magnification provided by the foreground
224:
from iron atoms were also enhanced relative to X-rays at lower energies. Since the amount of brightening due to gravitational lensing doesn't vary with the wavelength, this means that an additional object has magnified the X-rays. The increased
585:
Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Zhi-Yu; Nightingale, James W.; Zou, Ze-Cheng; Cao, Xiaoyue; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Yang, Chentao; Shi, Yong; Wang, Junzhi; Xu, Dandan; Lin, Ling-Rui; Zhou, Jing; Li, Ran (2023-09-01).
345:
220:
The 4 quasar images were originally discovered in 1984; in 1988, they were determined to be a single quasar split into four images, instead of 4 separate quasars. The
793:
R. Barvainis; L. Tacconi; R. Antonucci; D. Alloin; P. Coleman (2002). "Extremely strong carbon monoxide emission from the
Cloverleaf quasar at a redshift of 2.5".
273:, around the central black hole. The visible light is coming from a region ten or more times larger. The angular size of these regions at a distance of 11 billion
329:
294:
281:. This provides a way to test models for the flow of gas around a supermassive black hole. Additionally, inner regions of the quasar's
216:
CCD image of the
Cloverleaf quasar taken in March 1988 by the ESO/MPI 2.2m telescope. The four separated images are part of the quasar.
732:"Deconvolution of HST images of the Cloverleaf gravitational lens : detection of the lensing galaxy and a partial Einstein ring"
269:
would be due to this same effect. The analysis indicates that the X-rays are coming from a very small region, about the size of the
2275:
467:
P. Solomon; P. Vanden Bout; C. Carilli; M. Guelin (2003). "The
Essential Signature of a Massive Starburst in a Distant Quasar".
382:
916:
650:"Chandra :: Photo Album :: Cloverleaf Quasar (a.k.a. H1413+117) :: More Images of the Cloverleaf Quasar"
187:, the Cloverleaf is the brightest known source of CO emission at high redshift and was also the first source at a
936:
532:
197:
to be detected with HCN or HCO emission. This suggests the quasar is currently undergoing an intense wave of
93:
33:
2203:
258:
of the lensing galaxy that was smaller than the origin region of the visible light. The enhancement of the
946:
212:
2119:
1604:
1599:
1273:
314:
277:
is tens of thousands times smaller than the smallest region that can be resolved by the Hubble Space
925:
1619:
1584:
675:"Discovery of Probable Relativistic Fe Emission and Absorption in the Cloverleaf Quasar H 1413+117"
674:
255:
909:
1390:
336:
1724:
1115:
834:
411:
164:
757:
853:
832:
C. M. Bradford; et al. (2009). "The Warm
Molecular Gas Around the Cloverleaf Quasar".
804:
753:
696:
608:
551:
488:
430:
8:
649:
857:
808:
700:
612:
555:
530:
D. A. Riechers; et al. (2006). "First
Detection of HCO Emission at High Redshift".
492:
434:
2185:
2089:
869:
843:
820:
743:
686:
598:
567:
541:
512:
478:
446:
420:
385:
184:
171:
133:
QSO J1415+1129, QSO B1413+1143, H 1413+117, Clover Leaf Quasar
106:
2280:
2256:
902:
865:
313:
The
Cloverleaf quasar was discovered in 1988. Data on the Cloverleaf collected by the
965:
771:
712:
626:
504:
206:
45:
1085:
1060:
996:
873:
571:
2154:
2124:
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2029:
1569:
861:
824:
812:
795:
761:
704:
616:
559:
516:
496:
469:
438:
409:
S. Venturini; P. M. Solomon (2003). "The
Molecular Disk in the Cloverleaf Quasar".
1035:
450:
351:
Graphic illustration of four images of the quasar caused by gravitational lensing.
209:
has also been found on the side of quasar according to a study published in 2023.
2084:
1594:
766:
731:
362:
143:
57:
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1983:
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673:
Chartas, G.; Eracleous, M.; Dai, X.; Agol, E.; Gallagher, S. (2007-06-01).
508:
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1978:
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894:
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2024:
1665:
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691:
546:
483:
425:
274:
71:
1973:
1291:
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1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
500:
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2180:
2019:
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99:
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1468:
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1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1331:
1326:
1316:
816:
305:. The Einstein ring represents the host galaxy of the lensed quasar.
298:
278:
28:
2221:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
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1757:
1752:
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1742:
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1650:
1589:
973:
708:
603:
563:
442:
188:
83:
848:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2039:
1999:
1614:
1579:
1365:
889:"Cloverleaf Quasar: Chandra Looks Over a Cosmic Four-Leaf Clover"
285:
around the black hole has been detected suggesting outflow wind.
238:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1715:
1351:
587:"Discovery of a radio jet in the Cloverleaf quasar at z = 2.56"
259:
221:
167:
139:
234:
48:
956:
288:
266:
263:
408:
584:
672:
233:, an effect which has been used to search for compact
229:
of the X-ray light can be explained by gravitational
2202:
730:Chantry, Virginie; Magain, Pierre (August 2007).
591:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
250:The X-rays would be magnified much more than the
2267:
381:
2171:
831:
529:
254:if they came from a region around the central
910:
729:
174:spitting the single quasar into four images.
77:+11° 29 ′ 43.4 ″
1692:
924:
917:
903:
301:resolved the lensing galaxy and a partial
27:
1636:
847:
765:
747:
690:
620:
602:
545:
482:
424:
335:Quadruple image of the quasar taken with
16:Rare example of a quadruply-lensed quasar
289:Lensing galaxy and partial Einstein ring
211:
110:
2268:
898:
644:
642:
640:
462:
460:
22:Cloverleaf, H1413+117, QSO 1415+1129
123:Four-image lens, bright CO emission
13:
786:
170:. It receives its name because of
14:
2292:
881:
637:
457:
2252:
2251:
344:
328:
2276:Gravitationally lensed quasars
723:
666:
578:
523:
402:
375:
36:image of the Cloverleaf quasar
1:
533:Astrophysical Journal Letters
368:
318:to X-rays at lower energies.
245:
736:Astronomy & Astrophysics
7:
937:Boötes in Chinese astronomy
866:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/112
356:
10:
2297:
767:10.1051/0004-6361:20066839
321:
308:
2249:
2198:
2167:
1992:
1966:
1723:
1714:
1688:
1632:
1562:
1389:
1272:
1114:
964:
955:
932:
679:The Astrophysical Journal
315:Chandra X-ray Observatory
177:
137:
132:
127:
119:
105:
92:
82:
70:
56:
41:
26:
21:
2120:SDSS J135646.10+102609.0
1620:ZTF J153932.16+502738.8
1585:2MASS J15031961+2525196
947:List of stars in Boötes
926:Constellation of Boötes
887:Chandra at Havard CfA,
758:2007A&A...470..467C
386:"The Cloverleaf quasar"
256:supermassive black hole
622:10.1093/mnras/stad2069
337:Hubble Space Telescope
217:
165:gravitationally lensed
835:Astrophysical Journal
412:Astrophysical Journal
215:
172:gravitational lensing
1646:HD 136418 b (Awasis)
201:thus increasing its
2204:Astronomical events
858:2009ApJ...705..112B
809:1994Natur.371..586B
701:2007ApJ...661..678C
654:chandra.harvard.edu
613:2023MNRAS.524.3671Z
556:2006ApJ...645L..13R
501:10.1038/nature02149
493:2003Natur.426..636S
435:2003ApJ...590..740V
1022:(Asellus Secundus)
891:, 20 February 2009
218:
128:Other designations
107:Apparent magnitude
2263:
2262:
2245:
2244:
2194:
2193:
2186:IDCS J1426.5+3508
2163:
2162:
2035:Cloverleaf quasar
1710:
1709:
1684:
1683:
1628:
1627:
1030:(Asellus Tertius)
803:(6498): 586–588.
477:(6967): 636–638.
153:Cloverleaf quasar
149:
148:
112:
52:
42:Observation data
2288:
2255:
2254:
2200:
2199:
2169:
2168:
1721:
1720:
1690:
1689:
1634:
1633:
1549:136418 (Nikawiy)
1504:131496 (Arcalís)
1014:(Asellus Primus)
962:
961:
919:
912:
905:
896:
895:
877:
851:
828:
817:10.1038/371586a0
780:
779:
769:
751:
749:astro-ph/0612094
727:
721:
720:
694:
692:astro-ph/0702742
670:
664:
663:
661:
660:
646:
635:
634:
624:
606:
597:(3): 3671–3682.
582:
576:
575:
549:
547:astro-ph/0605437
527:
521:
520:
486:
484:astro-ph/0312436
464:
455:
454:
428:
426:astro-ph/0210529
406:
400:
399:
397:
396:
379:
348:
332:
196:
120:Notable features
78:
66:
65:
43:
31:
19:
18:
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2291:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2241:
2190:
2173:Galaxy clusters
2159:
2155:ULAS J1342+0928
2125:SDSS J1430+2303
2090:Maisie's Galaxy
2085:MACS 1423-z7p64
2075:IRAS 13349+2438
2030:CLASS B1359+154
1988:
1962:
1706:
1680:
1624:
1605:SDSS J1433+1011
1600:SDSS J1416+1348
1570:CFBDSIR 1458+10
1558:
1385:
1268:
1110:
951:
928:
923:
884:
789:
787:Further reading
784:
783:
728:
724:
671:
667:
658:
656:
648:
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638:
583:
579:
528:
524:
465:
458:
407:
403:
394:
392:
380:
376:
371:
363:List of quasars
359:
352:
349:
340:
333:
324:
311:
291:
248:
199:star formations
191:
180:
163:) is a bright,
144:List of quasars
76:
63:
62:
58:Right ascension
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2183:
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2147:
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2122:
2117:
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2092:
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2067:
2062:
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2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
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1648:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1610:TVLM 513-46546
1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:PSR J1544+4937
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
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1557:
1556:
1551:
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1156:
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1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1041:μ (Alkalurops)
1038:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
986:
981:
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968:
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882:External links
880:
879:
878:
829:
788:
785:
782:
781:
742:(2): 467–473.
722:
709:10.1086/516816
685:(2): 678–692.
665:
636:
577:
564:10.1086/505908
540:(1): L13–L16.
522:
456:
443:10.1086/375050
419:(2): 740–745.
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323:
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297:and a special
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287:
283:accretion disk
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161:QSO J1415+1129
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2133:
2131:
2130:Teacup galaxy
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2123:
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2113:
2111:
2108:
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2101:
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2095:Markarian 463
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1695:
1694:Star clusters
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1669:
1667:
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2115:PKS 1345+125
2100:MS 1512-cB58
2080:LEDA 2108986
2034:
1358:
1029:
1021:
1013:
990:
974:α (Arcturus)
839:
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657:. Retrieved
653:
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393:. Retrieved
389:
377:
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271:Solar System
249:
231:microlensing
219:
192:
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160:
156:
152:
150:
2217:GRB 080319B
2110:PGC 1470080
2105:PG 1543+489
2025:CEERS-93316
1666:HD 132406 b
1656:HD 128311 b
1007:η (Muphrid)
984:γ (Seginus)
942:Boötes Void
390:www.eso.org
275:light years
242:magnified.
72:Declination
2270:Categories
2237:SN 2020tlf
2212:GRB 990123
2181:Abell 1795
2020:CEERS-2112
1671:τ Boötis b
1638:Exoplanets
1575:Gliese 526
1419:125351 (A)
1036:λ (Xuange)
991:(Princeps)
979:β (Nekkar)
842:(1): 112.
659:2024-08-28
604:2212.07027
395:2024-08-28
369:References
293:Data from
246:Black hole
203:luminosity
138:See also:
2232:SN 2005bc
2227:SN 2003fg
2045:EGS-zs8-1
1116:Flamsteed
849:0908.1818
776:0004-6361
717:0004-637X
631:0035-8711
299:algorithm
279:Telescope
207:radio jet
157:H1413+117
2257:Category
2222:SCP 06F6
2150:UGC 9796
2145:UGC 9684
2140:UGC 9425
2135:UGC 9128
1967:Numbered
1716:Galaxies
1702:NGC 5466
1676:WASP-14b
1651:HAT-P-4b
1590:LHS 2924
1274:Variable
997:ε (Izar)
874:13889803
572:17504751
509:14668856
357:See also
189:redshift
94:Distance
84:Redshift
2070:IC 4516
2065:IC 4481
2060:IC 4462
2055:IC 4461
2050:EGSY8p7
2040:DDO 190
2000:Arp 302
1615:WASP-14
1580:HAT-P-4
1359:101 Vir
854:Bibcode
825:4246365
805:Bibcode
754:Bibcode
697:Bibcode
609:Bibcode
552:Bibcode
517:4414417
489:Bibcode
431:Bibcode
322:Gallery
309:History
239:planets
2281:Boötes
2015:3C 303
2010:3C 299
2005:3C 295
1554:141399
1544:135944
1539:135530
1534:135438
1529:134335
1524:134064
1519:132563
1514:132406
1509:132029
1499:131473
1494:131040
1489:130917
1484:130603
1479:130084
1474:129357
1469:129132
1464:128198
1459:128093
1454:127726
1449:127304
1444:126271
1439:126200
1434:126141
1429:126128
1424:125658
1414:125040
1409:122563
1404:118889
1399:118508
1259:47 (k)
1254:46 (b)
1249:45 (c)
1244:44 (i)
1199:24 (g)
1194:22 (f)
1164:12 (d)
872:
823:
796:Nature
774:
715:
629:
570:
515:
507:
470:Nature
451:761080
449:
295:NICMOS
260:X-rays
222:X-rays
195:= 2.56
178:Quasar
168:quasar
140:Quasar
109:
1993:Other
1563:Other
1139:6 (e)
966:Bayer
957:Stars
870:S2CID
844:arXiv
821:S2CID
744:arXiv
687:arXiv
599:arXiv
568:S2CID
542:arXiv
513:S2CID
479:arXiv
447:S2CID
421:arXiv
262:from
235:stars
49:J2000
46:Epoch
1958:5966
1953:5930
1948:5929
1943:5896
1938:5886
1933:5837
1928:5829
1923:5821
1918:5820
1913:5755
1908:5754
1903:5753
1898:5752
1893:5714
1888:5683
1883:5682
1878:5676
1873:5665
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1863:5641
1858:5630
1853:5624
1848:5615
1843:5614
1838:5613
1833:5609
1828:5582
1823:5579
1818:5562
1813:5559
1808:5557
1803:5548
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1768:5523
1763:5514
1758:5508
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1748:5490
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1738:5248
1733:5008
1357:CY (
772:ISSN
713:ISSN
627:ISSN
505:PMID
267:ions
264:iron
237:and
205:. A
185:lens
151:The
88:2.56
1984:III
1725:NGC
862:doi
840:705
813:doi
801:371
762:doi
740:470
705:doi
683:661
617:doi
595:524
560:doi
538:645
497:doi
475:426
439:doi
417:590
111:(V)
100:Gly
98:11
34:ESO
2272::
1979:II
1391:HD
1381:HP
1376:HN
1371:EK
1366:DE
1352:CX
1347:CR
1342:CP
1337:CN
1332:CI
1327:CH
1322:CE
1317:BY
1312:BX
1307:BP
1302:BL
1297:ZZ
1264:50
1239:40
1234:39
1224:34
1219:33
1214:32
1209:31
1204:26
1189:20
1184:18
1179:15
1174:14
1169:13
1159:11
1154:10
1028:κ
1020:ι
1012:θ
989:δ
868:.
860:.
852:.
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819:.
811:.
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760:.
752:.
738:.
734:.
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703:.
695:.
681:.
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652:.
639:^
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459:^
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388:.
384:.
159:,
142:,
115:17
1974:I
1661:c
1361:)
1292:T
1287:S
1282:R
1149:9
1144:7
1134:3
1129:2
1124:1
1106:ω
1101:ψ
1096:χ
1091:φ
1086:υ
1081:τ
1076:σ
1071:ρ
1066:π
1061:ο
1056:ξ
1051:ν
1046:ν
1002:ζ
918:e
911:t
904:v
876:.
864::
856::
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815::
807::
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756::
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699::
689::
662:.
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619::
611::
601::
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519:.
499::
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441::
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339:.
193:z
155:(
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44:(
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