680:
41:
55:
31:
209:
Though hoop crowns were characteristic for
Carolingian kings, there were several other types of crowns worn by the members of this dynasty. For example, Charlemagne also wore a crown shaped like a collar with an attachment on the front side. The features most Carolingian crowns had in common were
2354:
2348:
1012:
431:
Grierson, P. (1993). Catalogue of the
Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, 2: Phocas to Theodosius III, 602-717. Universidad de Harvard. Estados Unidos.
2130:
1484:
1017:
515:
1438:
936:
1386:
1613:
2232:
2227:
1354:
2468:
1647:
1635:
2496:
2342:
2257:
2247:
2237:
1344:
575:
Schramm, Percy Ernst (1959). "Die Bügelkrone, ein karolingisches
Herrschaftszeichen. Mit einem Anhang: die Lobwörter decus imperii und spes imperii". In Wegener, Wilhelm (ed.).
2252:
2242:
1370:
1562:
1653:
1625:
1472:
940:
2222:
1450:
1401:
2272:
1811:
1801:
1261:
1988:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1677:
1444:
1267:
2408:
527:
257:
amended their collar with two hoops. In both cases, the object of adopting a hoop crown was not to appear to occupy a position of inferiority to the
2267:
1181:
472:
1136:
630:
544:"Rezensionen. P. E. Schramm, Kaiser, Könige und Päpste. Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Geschichte des Mittelalters, Band 2, Stuttgart 1968"
1868:
483:
333:
2377:
1583:
206:, mean that this cannot be stated with certainty. Sometimes, the Carolingian hoop crowns were combined with a cap, worn beneath.
34:
1106:
1077:
276:
wore crowns of the lilly type, a collar decorated with four lilies. The hoop crown became the prevalent type of crown in the
679:
2053:
2014:
1409:
1142:
2009:
1348:
1118:
1672:
493:
884:
2082:
226:(483–565) had hoops attached to his crown to carry a cross above it, creating the prototype of later hoop crowns.
2136:
2124:
1629:
1478:
1432:
1238:
785:
1601:
564:
Herrschaftszeichen und
Staatssymbolik. Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte vom dritten bis zum sechzehnten Jahrhundert
543:
2383:
1500:
1379:
1083:
1059:
1041:
623:
567:
2142:
1821:
202:(742–814) possibly wore a hoop crown, although the obscurities of contemporary portraits, in particular on
17:
2389:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1641:
1273:
2288:
1805:
1291:
2578:
2065:
1954:
1363:
958:
262:
1851:
2299:
2294:
1595:
1159:
1035:
930:
66:
1493:
2305:
2262:
2037:
2020:
1744:
1112:
1006:
977:
616:
907:
1993:
1815:
1130:
1094:
1071:
2501:
2200:
1530:
946:
846:
1738:
1285:
1226:
250:
183:
1465:
1315:
1255:
1232:
1100:
1053:
877:
664:
179:
468:
8:
2171:
1827:
1619:
1456:
1124:
952:
469:
Beck, Heinrich; Jankuhn, Herbert; Ranke, Kurt; Wenskus, Reinhard, eds. (1984). "Diadem".
141:
133:
113:
62:
48:
2165:
2336:
2194:
2188:
1858:
1766:
1538:
1519:
1425:
1394:
1331:
1308:
735:
499:
330:
258:
254:
44:
585:
2400:
2371:
2217:
1971:
1573:
1279:
1209:
1047:
821:
489:
294:
273:
239:
40:
983:
2532:
2330:
2324:
2118:
1548:
1338:
1000:
699:
694:
277:
235:
215:
195:
191:
149:
117:
105:
2463:
2100:
2059:
1898:
1886:
1761:
1556:
870:
725:
577:
Festschrift für Karl
Gottfried Hugelmann zum 80. Geburtstag am 26. September 1959
337:
160:
153:
137:
77:
2148:
2427:
2106:
1683:
1322:
1188:
1089:
659:
272:
However, not all late medieval crowns had hoops. For example, the 15th-century
242:
89:
2572:
2547:
2527:
2112:
2094:
2088:
1946:
1892:
1778:
1416:
1027:
924:
841:
770:
750:
669:
203:
152:. The Carolingian hoop crown was most probably derived from the contemporary
265:
and similarly decorated with twelve types of gems. In addition, William had
2557:
2522:
2444:
782:
720:
145:
54:
112:
around the temples and one or two bands over the head". First used by the
2486:
1772:
1607:
1065:
836:
805:
800:
795:
765:
704:
654:
589:
223:
219:
199:
170:
156:
2517:
1795:
1589:
790:
755:
121:
116:, hoop crowns became increasingly popular among royal dynasties in the
59:
187:
2542:
2491:
1664:
1193:
211:
214:". Some of the Carolingian crowns were imitations of contemporary
2552:
2537:
969:
740:
730:
608:
289:
266:
246:
175:
109:
1863:
1846:
851:
745:
30:
2419:
1878:
1838:
1176:
893:
831:
775:
640:
482:
Hartmann, Peter W., ed. (1996). "Spangenkrone, Bügelkrone".
579:(in German). Vol. 2. Scienta Verlag. pp. 561–579.
862:
190:. Other Carolingians known to have worn hoop crowns are
144:
in 751. However their use dates back to the end of the
132:
Hoop crowns were introduced to
Germanic Europe by the
269:
and virga created, resembling the imperial insignia.
481:
261:. William's crown was modelled after the crown of
2570:
570:, Volume 13 (in German). Vol. 3. Hierseman.
548:Francia. Forschungen zur europäischen Geschichte
520:Francia. Forschungen zur europäischen Geschichte
325:
323:
253:wore a hoop crown, and in the 12th century, the
2355:Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo
2015:Imperial Crown of Mexico (2nd Mexican Empire)
2010:Imperial Crown of Mexico (1st Mexican Empire)
878:
624:
451:
449:
372:
370:
368:
366:
364:
354:
352:
350:
348:
346:
320:
218:crowns, which had the shape of a closed cap (
210:"cap or bands over the head, edge-bands, and
418:
416:
414:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
386:
384:
382:
2497:Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
2469:Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia)
473:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
198:(823–877) and Odo of Vermandois (910–946).
885:
871:
631:
617:
446:
361:
343:
1137:Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
513:
439:
437:
411:
393:
379:
2349:Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings
1869:Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi
1013:Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil
541:
120:, and the dominant type of crown in the
53:
39:
29:
1584:Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
1485:Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong
574:
561:
516:"The Seal of Lothar II. Model and Copy"
14:
2571:
583:
477:(in German). Vol. 5 (2 ed.).
434:
1922:Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus
1107:Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria
1078:Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales
1018:Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel
866:
612:
2331:Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown)
1439:Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
937:Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth
340:, entries "Spangenkrone, Bügelkrone"
47:hoop crown, which used to carry the
2085:(destroyed; replica: Stará Ľubovňa)
1614:Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist
1143:Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales
35:Hoop crown of the Holy Roman Empire
24:
1928:Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus
1119:Coronet of George, Prince of Wales
638:
25:
2590:
2502:Great Crown of Victory (Thailand)
2233:Cap of Monomakh of the second set
2228:Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich
1387:Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1355:Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria
2054:Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet
678:
167:). The oldest such crown is the
136:, who usurped the throne of the
1648:Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires
1636:Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde
1479:Crown of Augustus II the Strong
584:Schulz, Matthias (2010-01-25).
461:
2343:Crown of Isabella I of Castile
2258:Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna
2248:Altabas crown of the third set
2021:Funerary crown of Maximilian I
1916:Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong
1620:Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne
1602:Imperial Crowns of Charles VII
425:
311:
234:Hoop crowns became popular in
222:). In turn, Byzantine Emperor
13:
1:
2238:Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I
2083:Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
1345:Crown of the Queen of Bavaria
1084:Coronation Crown of George IV
1060:State Crown of Mary of Modena
568:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
562:Schramm, Percy Ernst (1956).
305:
2253:Crown of Empress Catherine I
2243:Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V
2131:Funeral Crown of Augustus II
2066:Crown of the Queen of Norway
1828:Crown of Constance of Sicily
1822:Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany
1690:Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846)
1371:Electoral Hat of Brandenburg
7:
1904:Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong
1642:Reliquary Crown of Henry II
984:Crown of the Środa Treasure
514:Kornbluth, Genevra (1990).
283:
10:
2595:
2390:Crown of the Heir Apparent
1955:Ducal hat of Liechtenstein
1910:Gold Crown of Cheonmachong
1654:Reliquary Crown of Otto II
1626:Crown of Empress Cunigunde
1501:Royal Crown of Württemberg
1323:Grand Ducal Crown of Baden
959:Archducal hat of Joseph II
892:
586:"Schleifstein der Schande"
300:
127:
2510:
2477:
2454:
2437:
2418:
2399:
2364:
2317:
2281:
2210:
2181:
2158:
2075:
2046:
2030:
2002:
1981:
1964:
1957:(missing; replica: Vaduz)
1945:
1877:
1837:
1788:
1754:
1731:
1663:
1572:
1563:Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani
1547:
1529:
1512:
1301:
1248:
1219:
1202:
1169:
1160:Diamond Crown of Bulgaria
1152:
1042:Crown of Margaret of York
1036:Crown of Princess Blanche
1026:
993:
968:
931:Imperial Crown of Austria
917:
900:
814:
713:
687:
676:
647:
229:
67:Aachen Cathedral Treasury
2384:Crown of Queen Christina
2306:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
2300:Crown of Stefan Uroš III
2038:Crown of the Netherlands
1745:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
1714:Tiara of Pope John XXIII
1292:Crown of Empress Eugénie
1113:Crown of Queen Alexandra
1007:Imperial Crown of Brazil
978:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
925:Archducal hat of Austria
1994:Crown of Ranavalona III
1473:Electoral Hat of Saxony
1131:Imperial Crown of India
1095:Crown of Queen Adelaide
1072:State Crown of George I
376:Kornbluth (1990), p. 61
358:Lohrmann (1973), p. 764
224:Justinian I "the Great"
58:Hoop crown on the late
2223:Crown of Kazan Tzardom
2201:Steel Crown of Romania
2143:Crown of Maria Josepha
1557:Crown of King Kalākaua
1451:Crown of Queen Augusta
1402:Royal Crown of Hanover
1339:Royal Crown of Bavaria
947:Archducal hat of Tyrol
455:Schramm (1956), p. 756
422:Schramm (1959), p. 561
408:Schramm (1959), p. 562
390:Schramm (1956), p. 888
164:
93:
81:
69:
51:
37:
2137:Crown of Augustus III
1852:Emperor Kōmei Variant
1739:Holy Crown of Hungary
1720:Tiara of Pope Paul VI
1704:(Notre Dame, Indiana)
1702:Tiara of Pope Pius IX
1459:(Hohenzollern Castle)
1286:Crown of Napoleon III
1227:Crown of Christian IV
542:Lohrmann, D. (1973).
488:(in German). Beyars.
251:William the Conqueror
196:Charles II "the Bald"
192:Louis II "the German"
57:
43:
33:
2487:Raven Crown (Bhutan)
2325:Royal Crown of Spain
2273:Small Imperial Crown
2263:Great Imperial Crown
2125:Crown of Augustus II
1812:Crown of Theodelinda
1802:Royal Crown of Savoy
1433:Crown of Frederick I
1262:Crown of Saint Louis
1256:Crown of Charlemagne
1233:Crown of Christian V
1101:Imperial State Crown
908:Helmet of Skanderbeg
786:military decorations
526:(17). Archived from
443:RGA V (1984), p. 371
2172:Diadem of the Stars
1989:Crown of Madagascar
1457:Crown of Wilhelm II
1280:Crown of Napoleon I
1125:Crown of Queen Mary
953:Ducal hat of Styria
142:Merovingian dynasty
134:Carolingian dynasty
114:Carolingian dynasty
63:Bust of Charlemagne
49:Wittelsbach Diamond
2378:Crown of the Queen
2337:Crown of Sancho IV
2289:Karađorđević Crown
2189:Crown of Elisabeta
1722:(Washington, D.C.)
1678:Papier-mâché Tiara
1596:Crown of Rudolf II
1539:Crown of Faustin I
1445:Crown of Wilhelm I
1380:Brunswick-Lüneburg
1309:German State Crown
1239:Crown of the Queen
336:2017-12-01 at the
259:Holy Roman Emperor
245:was a hoop crown.
216:Byzantine Imperial
184:Pepin II (823–864)
70:
52:
38:
2579:Crowns (headgear)
2566:
2565:
2372:Crown of Eric XIV
2218:"Cap of Monomakh"
1274:Crown of Louis XV
1268:Crown of Henry IV
1210:Crown of Zvonimir
1054:St Edward's Crown
1048:Crown of Scotland
860:
859:
295:Half-arch (crown)
180:Pepin I (797–838)
178:, worn either by
108:consisting of a "
16:(Redirected from
2586:
2533:Heir presumptive
2492:Shripech (Nepal)
2166:Crown of João VI
1001:Crown of Pedro I
927:(Klosterneuburg)
887:
880:
873:
864:
863:
682:
633:
626:
619:
610:
609:
601:
599:
597:
580:
571:
566:. Schriften der
558:
556:
555:
538:
536:
535:
510:
508:
507:
498:. Archived from
478:
456:
453:
444:
441:
432:
429:
423:
420:
409:
406:
391:
388:
377:
374:
359:
356:
341:
327:
318:
315:
278:Early Modern Age
255:kings of Hungary
150:Byzantine Empire
118:Late Middle Ages
21:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2506:
2473:
2464:Crowns of Egypt
2450:
2433:
2414:
2409:Crown of Tahiti
2395:
2360:
2313:
2295:Nemanjić Crowns
2277:
2206:
2177:
2154:
2101:Hungarian Crown
2071:
2060:Crown of Norway
2042:
2026:
1998:
1977:
1960:
1941:
1899:Crowns of Silla
1887:Crown of Baekje
1873:
1833:
1784:
1767:Empress's Crown
1762:Sasanian crowns
1750:
1727:
1659:
1656:(Halle (Saale))
1575:
1568:
1543:
1525:
1520:Crown of Greece
1508:
1297:
1244:
1215:
1198:
1165:
1148:
1022:
989:
964:
913:
896:
891:
861:
856:
810:
778:
709:
683:
674:
643:
637:
606:
604:
595:
593:
553:
551:
550:(in German) (1)
533:
531:
505:
503:
496:
464:
459:
454:
447:
442:
435:
430:
426:
421:
412:
407:
394:
389:
380:
375:
362:
357:
344:
338:Wayback Machine
328:
321:
316:
312:
308:
303:
286:
274:kings of France
232:
138:Frankish Empire
130:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2428:Crown of Tonga
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2292:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2195:Crown of Maria
2192:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2107:Homagial Crown
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1972:Gediminas' Cap
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1710:(Vatican City)
1708:Palatine Tiara
1705:
1699:
1698:(Vatican City)
1693:
1692:(Vatican City)
1687:
1686:(Vatican City)
1684:Napoleon Tiara
1681:
1680:(Vatican City)
1669:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1342:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1090:Diamond Diadem
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1032:
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1021:
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987:
986:(Środa Śląska)
981:
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962:
956:
950:
944:
934:
928:
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378:
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342:
319:
309:
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285:
282:
263:emperor Otto I
243:Imperial crown
231:
228:
129:
126:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2591:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
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2554:
2551:
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2536:
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2531:
2529:
2528:Heir apparent
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2268:Maltese Crown
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
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2239:
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2150:
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2141:
2138:
2135:
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2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:Queen's Crown
2117:
2114:
2113:Funeral Crown
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:Muscovy Crown
2093:
2090:
2089:Swedish Crown
2087:
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2074:
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2064:
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
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1990:
1987:
1986:
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1956:
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1947:Liechtenstein
1944:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
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1893:Crown of Gaya
1891:
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1696:Spanish Tiara
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1446:
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1417:Wendish Crown
1415:
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1028:British Isles
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1019:
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734:
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719:
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703:
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686:
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671:
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652:
650:
646:
642:
634:
629:
627:
622:
620:
615:
614:
611:
607:
591:
588:(in German).
587:
582:
578:
573:
569:
565:
560:
549:
545:
540:
530:on 2012-08-11
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
502:on 2017-12-01
501:
497:
495:3-9500612-0-7
491:
487:
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335:
332:
326:
324:
317:Schulz (2010)
314:
310:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
281:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
236:late medieval
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
166:
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111:
107:
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91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
68:
64:
61:
56:
50:
46:
42:
36:
32:
19:
2558:Royal family
2523:Crown jewels
2478:
2455:
2445:Crown of Rus
2430:(Nukuʻalofa)
2149:Płock Diadem
1934:Silver Crown
1673:Papal tiaras
1492:
1464:
1424:
1408:
1393:
1378:
1362:
1330:
1314:
1241:(Copenhagen)
1235:(Copenhagen)
1229:(Copenhagen)
1189:Tongtianguan
1009:(Petrópolis)
1003:(Petrópolis)
949:(Mariastein)
847:Cross pattée
826:
781:
760:
605:
594:. Retrieved
576:
563:
552:. Retrieved
547:
532:. Retrieved
528:the original
523:
519:
504:. Retrieved
500:the original
485:Kunstlexikon
484:
470:
462:Bibliography
427:
313:
271:
238:Europe. The
233:
208:
168:
146:Roman Empire
131:
102:closed crown
101:
98:arched crown
97:
86:Spangenkrone
85:
73:
71:
27:Arched crown
18:Closed crown
2392:(Stockholm)
2386:(Stockholm)
2380:(Stockholm)
2374:(Stockholm)
2203:(Bucharest)
2197:(Bucharest)
2191:(Bucharest)
2121:(destroyed)
2109:(destroyed)
2103:(destroyed)
2097:(destroyed)
2091:(destroyed)
2068:(Trondheim)
2062:(Trondheim)
2056:(Trondheim)
2031:Netherlands
2017:(destroyed)
1773:Kiani Crown
1608:Essen Crown
1503:(Stuttgart)
1494:Württemberg
1410:Mecklenburg
1364:Brandenburg
1325:(Karlsruhe)
1288:(destroyed)
1270:(destroyed)
1264:(destroyed)
1258:(destroyed)
1068:(destroyed)
1066:Tudor Crown
1050:(Edinburgh)
943:) (missing)
590:Der Spiegel
220:kamelaukion
200:Charlemagne
194:(806–876),
171:Saint Faith
165:Spangenhelm
157:hoop helmet
2518:Coronation
2411:(Punaauia)
2327:(heraldic)
2291:(Belgrade)
1982:Madagascar
1936:(Gyeongju)
1930:(Gyeongju)
1912:(Gyeongju)
1906:(Gyeongju)
1796:Iron Crown
1741:(Budapest)
1632:) (Munich)
1590:Iron Crown
1574:Holy Roman
1565:(Honolulu)
1559:(Honolulu)
1419:(heraldic)
1351:) (Munich)
1311:(heraldic)
1182:Yishanguan
756:Golden hat
695:Coronation
596:5 February
554:2010-02-05
534:2010-02-05
506:2010-02-05
306:References
240:Holy Roman
122:Modern Era
82:Bügelkrone
74:hoop crown
2447:(missing)
2351:(Seville)
2345:(Granada)
2302:(Cetinje)
2133:(Dresden)
2127:(Dresden)
2115:(missing)
1974:(missing)
1965:Lithuania
1830:(Palermo)
1824:(missing)
1818:) (Monza)
1808:) (Turin)
1716:(Bergamo)
1487:(Dresden)
1481:(Dresden)
1475:(Dresden)
1453:(missing)
1447:(missing)
1212:(missing)
1162:(missing)
822:Half-arch
726:Celestial
639:Types of
329:Hartmann
188:Aquitaine
169:Crown of
140:from the
2573:Category
2543:Monarchy
2511:See also
2357:(Toledo)
2339:(Toledo)
2333:(Madrid)
2308:(Vienna)
2174:(Lisbon)
2168:(Lisbon)
2159:Portugal
2145:(Warsaw)
2139:(Warsaw)
2023:(Vienna)
1895:(Yongin)
1889:(Gongju)
1781:(Tehran)
1775:(Tehran)
1769:(Tehran)
1747:(Vienna)
1665:Holy See
1650:(Speyer)
1644:(Munich)
1638:(Munich)
1622:(Aachen)
1616:(Aachen)
1604:(Munich)
1598:(Vienna)
1586:(Vienna)
1522:(Athens)
1441:(Berlin)
1435:(Berlin)
1373:(Berlin)
1357:(Munich)
1341:(Munich)
1194:Mianguan
1153:Bulgaria
1145:(London)
1139:(London)
1133:(London)
1127:(London)
1121:(London)
1115:(London)
1109:(London)
1103:(London)
1097:(London)
1086:(London)
1080:(London)
1074:(London)
1062:(London)
1056:(London)
1044:(Aachen)
1038:(Munich)
980:(Prague)
961:(Vienna)
933:(Vienna)
910:(Vienna)
700:Heraldic
660:Imperial
334:Archived
284:See also
212:pendilia
154:Germanic
148:and the
45:Bavarian
2553:Regalia
2438:Ukraine
2182:Romania
2151:(Płock)
1924:(Seoul)
1918:(Seoul)
1859:Kanmuri
1798:(Monza)
1732:Hungary
1610:(Essen)
1592:(Monza)
1426:Prussia
1395:Hanover
1332:Bavaria
1302:Germany
1294:(Paris)
1282:(Paris)
1276:(Paris)
1220:Denmark
1203:Croatia
970:Bohemia
918:Austria
901:Albania
771:Radiate
751:Eastern
741:Coronet
736:Corolla
731:Circlet
714:By form
670:Consort
648:By rank
301:Sources
290:Circlet
267:sceptre
176:Conques
128:Origins
104:, is a
94:faislum
2456:Africa
2401:Tahiti
2365:Sweden
2282:Serbia
2211:Russia
2076:Poland
2047:Norway
2003:Mexico
1864:Raikan
1847:Benkan
1576:Empire
1549:Hawaii
1513:Greece
1466:Saxony
1249:France
994:Brazil
955:(Graz)
894:Crowns
852:Lappet
746:Diadem
721:Astral
688:By use
592:Online
492:
331:online
247:Norman
230:Spread
161:German
78:German
60:Gothic
2548:Queen
2420:Tonga
2318:Spain
1879:Korea
1839:Japan
1789:Italy
1531:Haiti
1316:Baden
1177:Futou
1170:China
842:Cross
832:Monde
815:Parts
806:Naval
801:Grass
796:Civic
783:Roman
776:Tiara
766:Mural
705:State
665:Royal
655:Papal
641:crown
471:RGA (
249:king
204:seals
106:crown
100:, or
90:Latin
2538:King
2479:Asia
1755:Iran
827:Hoop
791:Camp
761:Hoop
598:2010
490:ISBN
110:band
837:Cap
186:of
182:or
174:in
96:),
84:or
2575::
1816:it
1806:it
1630:de
1497::
1469::
1429::
1413::
1398::
1383::
1367::
1349:de
1335::
1319::
941:de
546:.
522:.
518:.
448:^
436:^
413:^
395:^
381:^
363:^
345:^
322:^
280:.
163::
124:.
92::
88:,
80::
72:A
65:,
1814:(
1804:(
1628:(
1347:(
939:(
886:e
879:t
872:v
788::
632:e
625:t
618:v
600:.
557:.
537:.
524:1
509:.
475:)
159:(
76:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
