152:
anaphase and remain attached to the spindle fibers by their centromeres. Animal cell cleavage furrow formation is caused by a ring of actin microfilaments called the contractile ring, which forms during early anaphase. Myosin is present in the region of the contractile ring as concentrated microfilaments and actin filaments are predominant in this region. The actin filaments here are both pre-existing and new. Cleavage is driven by these
20:
32:
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has been shown to be present during this time, which indicates that it may play a role in movement between the plasma membrane and contractile ring. The bridge is then broken and resealed to form two identical daughter cells during cytokinesis. The breakage is formed by microtubules and the resealing
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toward opposite poles. This spindle apparatus consists of microtubules, microfilaments and a complex network of various proteins. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up using the spindle apparatus in the middle of the cell along the equatorial plate. The chromosomes move to opposite poles during
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using Golgi vesicles. In comparison, the plant cell septum and the animal cell mid-zone are analogous. Both require vesicular secretions by the Golgi apparatus for resealing and formation of the cytoskeletal network, in addition to microtubules and microfilaments for division and movement. The
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cleavage furrow mechanism in animal cells is a complex network of actin and myosin filaments, Golgi vesicles and calcium dependent channels enabling the cell to break apart, reseal and form new daughter cells with complete membranes.
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of the cell until the cytoplasm is pinched into two daughter cells. During the final phase of mitosis, telophase, the furrow forms an intercellular bridge using mitotic spindle fibers.
413:
189:"Mechanism of the formation of contractile ring in dividing cultured animal cells. I. Recruitment of preexisting actin filaments into the cleavage furrow"
156:, actin and myosin, which are the same proteins involved with muscle contraction. During cellular cleavage, the contractile ring tightens around the
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Plant cells do not perform cytokinesis through this exact method but the two procedures are not totally different. Animal cells form an actin-myosin
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47:
is the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo
99:. The cleavage furrow in animal cells and the phragmoplast in plant cells are complex structures made up of microtubules and
431:"The contractile ring. II. Determining its brief existence, volumetric changes, and vital role in cleaving Arbacia eggs"
403:
421:
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Cilliate undergoing the last processes of binary fission, with the cleavage furrow being clearly visible.
296:"Redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis"
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secretions form a cell plate or septum on the equatorial plane of the cell wall by the action of
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requires a brefeldin A-sensitive membrane accumulation at the cleavage furrow apex"
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when the DNA replicates, the cell grows and prepares to enter mitosis.
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of a cell, the cleavage furrow has nearly completely divided the cell.
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proteins and actin binding proteins are involved in the procedure.
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that aide in the final separation of the cells into two identical
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63:, begin the process of forming the cleavage furrow, creating an
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31:
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Emoto K, Kobayashi T, Yamaji A, et al. (November 1996).
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that constricts to form the cleavage furrow. In plant cells,
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51:, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of
414:"The Cleavage Furrow (contractile ring) and Cytokinesis"
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Togo T, Alderton JM, Bi GQ, Steinhardt RA (March 1999).
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55:. The same proteins responsible for muscle contraction,
420:. University of Edinburgh. January 2003. Archived from
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347:"The mechanism of facilitated cell membrane resealing"
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Plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site
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Skop AR, Bergmann D, Mohler WA, White JG (May 2001).
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390:Raven, P.H.; Evert, R.F.; Eichhorn, S.E. (2005).
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398:(7th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman.
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143:. Prophase is the initial phase when
83:within the equatorial region of the
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147:appear that function to move the
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243:"Completion of cytokinesis in
187:Cao LG, Wang YL (April 1990).
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1:
263:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00231-7
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300:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
167:calcium dependent exocytosis
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7:
10:
499:
429:Schroeder TE (May 1972).
377:The Company of Biologists
418:Maciver Lab Cytoskeleton
313:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12867
162:Phosphatidylethanolamine
205:10.1083/jcb.110.4.1089
127:includes four phases:
36:
28:
364:10.1242/jcs.112.5.719
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22:
447:10.1083/jcb.53.2.419
25:electron micrograph
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394:Biology of Plants
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306:(23): 12867–72.
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81:contractile ring
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424:on Dec 4, 2018.
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65:actomyosin ring
45:cleavage furrow
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257:(10): 735–46.
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199:(4): 1089–95.
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165:is negated by
154:motor proteins
145:spindle fibers
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105:daughter cells
101:microfilaments
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441:(2): 419–34.
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405:0-7167-1007-2
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357:(5): 719–31.
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89:Golgi vesicle
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85:cell membrane
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53:cell division
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483:Cell biology
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435:J. Cell Biol
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422:the original
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375:– via
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196:
193:J. Cell Biol
192:
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119:begins with
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97:phragmoplast
93:microtubules
78:
69:cytoskeletal
44:
41:cell biology
38:
351:J. Cell Sci
149:chromosomes
49:cytokinesis
251:Curr. Biol
245:C. elegans
174:References
121:interphase
117:cell cycle
111:Cell cycle
158:cytoplasm
141:telophase
133:metaphase
75:Mechanism
67:. Other
477:Category
281:11378383
137:anaphase
129:prophase
23:In this
465:5063470
456:2108733
373:9973606
332:8917511
272:3733387
223:2324193
214:2116085
125:Mitosis
95:of the
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139:, and
61:myosin
43:, the
323:24012
57:actin
461:PMID
400:ISBN
369:PMID
328:PMID
277:PMID
219:PMID
115:The
59:and
451:PMC
443:doi
359:doi
355:112
318:PMC
308:doi
267:PMC
259:doi
209:PMC
201:doi
197:110
39:In
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