31:
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Class S relationships were typically regarded as not a genuine expression of same-sex attraction. So long as these relationships remained confined to adolescence they were regarded as normal, even spiritual. This attitude would later inform
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in that it is used specifically to describe platonic relationships based on strong emotional bonds and very close friendship, rather than sex or sexual attraction.
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Class S has had a significant impact on the
Japanese literary tradition of depicting friendship between girls, as well as the development of Japanese
3018:
2990:
2730:
293:
The rapid creation of all-girls' schools during this period is also regarded as having contributed to Class S: by 1913, there were 213 such schools.
286:
and persist in homosexual relationships long after it was acceptable. Jennifer
Robertson argues that "many females are attracted to the Takarazuka
47:
305:, along with restrictions on depictions of male-female romance in girls' magazines. This, combined with the closure of girls' schools in favor of
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1970:
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relationships wherein one girl is senior in age or position to the other. The "S" is an abbreviation that can stand for "sister", "
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3259:
3122:
3086:
3045:
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935:
Suzuki, Michiko (August 2006). "Writing Same-Sex Love: Sexology and
Literary Representation in Yoshiya Nobuko's Early Fiction".
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because she represents an exemplary female who can negotiate successfully both genders and their attendant roles and domains."
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363:
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366:: a tolerance towards non-sexual intimacy between girls, and the widespread belief that female homosexuality is a "phase".
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1783:
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2107:
1731:
856:
559:
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988:
242:, an all-women theater troupe established in 1914. The revue featured women actors playing male roles referred to as
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1428:
3167:
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1568:
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693:
Dollase, Hiromi (2003). "Early
Twentieth Century Japanese Girls' Magazine Stories: Examining Shōjo Voice in
5155:
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2425:
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1751:
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52:
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were translated into
Japanese in 1906 and 1910, respectively, in order to educate the girls to become "
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999:
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1995:
1906:
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937:
208:
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Although Class S can broadly be described as a form of love between girls, it is distinct from a
5034:
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4363:
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3384:
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1855:
1692:
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1985:
1951:
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1024:
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claimed that between seven and eight women out of ten had experienced Class S relationships.
175:
1282:
331:
is credited with reviving the Class S genre, and is considered to be a modern equivalent to
301:
In 1936, Class S literature was banned by the
Japanese government. The ban was lifted after
4498:
3892:
3794:
3332:
3317:
3103:
2644:
2574:
2358:
2353:
2238:
1980:
1719:
1680:
1588:
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1165:
980:
425:
327:
3732:
881:
8:
4754:
4652:
4122:
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2634:
2368:
2228:
2160:
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2033:
1911:
1793:
1763:
1460:
909:
877:
660:
627:
440:
306:
114:
838:
560:"The Politics of Androgyny in Japan: Sexuality and Subversion in the Theater and Beyond"
134:
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4829:
4741:
4523:
3713:
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2170:
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2005:
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1931:
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1354:
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954:
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375:
274:
relationships, as well as relationships between two femmes, with femmes referred to as
30:
3274:
766:
Robertson, Jennifer (1999). "Dying to tell: Sexuality and suicide in
Imperial Japan".
5009:
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4849:
4358:
4255:
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3681:
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777:
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584:
576:
316:
Class S literature experienced a revival of popularity in the late 1990s. The 1998
313:
movement, led Class S to decline as both a literary genre and a social phenomenon.
239:
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1200:
580:
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2015:
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950:
624:"Proto-Yuri Novel: Otome no Minato (乙女の港) – Part 1, Introduction and Synopsis"
354:
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3995:
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712:
535:
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2186:
2052:
1880:
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1224:
1212:
1207:
1185:
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1175:
789:
720:
380:
318:
302:
197:
117:
between girls. The term is also used to designate a genre of girl's fiction
1435:
1262:
589:
528:
Dictionary of New Words and
Colloquialisms in the Meiji and Taishō Periods
4908:
4844:
4790:
4662:
4624:
4596:
4573:
4518:
4440:
4127:
4063:
4015:
3990:
3290:
2318:
1455:
1219:
322:
4941:
4887:
1289:
5100:
5049:
4749:
4731:
4434:
4406:
4348:
4343:
4263:
4204:
4166:
3496:
2506:
2389:
2112:
1477:
1379:
1327:
1240:
109:
4513:
4493:
598:
5110:
5014:
4948:
4777:
4768:
4723:
4708:
4430:
4401:
4310:
4292:
4287:
4158:
4154:
4132:
4079:
4058:
4030:
4005:
3950:
3833:
3804:
3759:
3752:
3653:
2202:
1505:
1349:
1339:
310:
278:. It was suggested in popular media of the time that the Takarazuka
5095:
5085:
5070:
4859:
4606:
4558:
4478:
4045:
4000:
3903:
3884:
3777:
3768:
3646:
3417:
3397:
3286:
2564:
781:
411:
feminist movement, is regarded as a pioneer of Class S literature.
3390:
2196:
144:
4968:
4918:
4785:
4690:
4528:
4426:
4330:
4246:
4170:
4162:
4025:
3745:
3411:
3278:
2208:
2135:
2130:
1016:
1003:
517:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Jitsugyō no Nihonsha. pp. 83–84.
404:
212:
255:
who would romance female characters. Around this time, the term
4634:
4396:
4373:
3404:
2523:
2218:
2140:
2117:
2102:
2057:
1391:
977:
Takarazuka: Sexual
Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan
232:
5019:
4834:
4563:
4421:
4150:
3799:
2319:
2192:
2042:
2038:
1047:
874:
Bishōjo gaippai! Wakamono ga hamaru
Marimite world no himitsu
522:
Kabashima, Tadao; Hida, Yoshifumi; Yonekawa, Akihiko (1984).
389:
385:
3975:
3865:
3738:
2518:
4550:
3282:
530:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Tōkyōdō Shuppan. p. 41.
133:
which tells stories about the same, typically focused on
521:
211:". These works also helped introduce the concepts of
27:
Japanese term for romantic friendships between girls
824:
822:
5137:
364:contemporary perspectives on lesbianism in Japan
282:caused women in Class S relationships to become
231:in particular becoming a prominent example of a
845:
657:"Why Is It Always Catholic Schoolgirls in Yuri"
457:
455:
256:
227:to young female audiences in Japan, with Jo of
126:
72:
4946:
819:
688:
686:
684:
682:
263:
248:
150:
120:
97:
66:
39:
3919:
3253:
2320:Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer
2304:
1032:
508:
493:
491:
489:
452:
162:
679:
553:
551:
549:
547:
3964:
3926:
3912:
3260:
3246:
2311:
2297:
1039:
1025:
900:
898:
651:
649:
3152:History of homosexuality in American film
997:
974:
765:
588:
557:
486:
347:
544:
29:
3699:Aomori International LGBT Film Festival
2923:
1312:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
928:
895:
828:
733:
692:
646:
509:Hattori, Kakō; Uehara, Michikō (1925).
474:from the original on September 24, 2014
461:
342:
14:
5138:
934:
862:
634:from the original on December 17, 2018
296:
4998:
4467:
4466:
3963:
3907:
3241:
2292:
1020:
916:from the original on December 6, 2011
810:
667:from the original on January 15, 2019
497:
309:schools and the mainstreaming of the
3933:
1000:"Women-loving Women in Modern Japan"
906:"Women-loving Women in Modern Japan"
727:
462:Shamoon, Deborah (January 1, 2009).
369:
558:Robertson, Jennifer (August 1992).
238:Class S was also influenced by the
24:
1488:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
1046:
983:: University of California Press.
395:
25:
5197:
1355:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)
998:Subramian, Erin (29 March 2011).
3345:LGBT Understanding Promotion Act
3273:
3268:
3222:
3221:
3210:
3178:Non-binary characters in fiction
2609:List of transgender publications
2273:
2272:
2261:
851:藤本由香里 『私の居場所はどこにあるの？』学陽書房、1998年。
524:Meiji Taishō Shingo Zokugo Jiten
407:Japanese novelist active in the
104:, is an early twentieth-century
4443:(self styled captain, braggart)
3737:Nana-chome & Higashi-Ueno (
3173:Media portrayal of pansexuality
2650:Media portrayals of bisexuality
829:McHarry, Mark (November 2003).
605:from the original on 2020-06-20
3855:LGBT themes in anime and manga
3350:Recognition of same-sex unions
3183:Intersex characters in fiction
1841:Agriculture, forestry, fishing
804:
759:
734:Randall, Bill (May 15, 2003).
700:The Journal of Popular Culture
616:
13:
1:
3168:Media portrayal of asexuality
968:
581:10.1525/ae.1992.19.3.02a00010
3579:The Life of an Amorous Woman
2364:Blue Metropolis Violet Prize
975:Robertson, Jennifer (1998).
938:The Journal of Asian Studies
464:"The Second Coming of Shôjo"
171:: beautiful), and "escape".
7:
5146:Anime and manga terminology
4947:
4814:Elderly martial arts master
4509:Hooker with a heart of gold
3623:Genderless fashion in Japan
1429:1923 Great Kantō earthquake
1375:Abolition of the han system
831:"Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love"
436:Situational sexual behavior
414:
257:
127:
73:
10:
5202:
4999:
3541:The Lady who Loved Insects
3303:Sexual minorities in Japan
2628:Other literature and media
511:Atarashii Kotoba no Jibiki
190:
185:
5005:
4994:
4959:
4932:
4901:
4878:
4822:
4799:
4776:
4767:
4740:
4722:
4699:
4676:
4643:
4615:
4587:
4549:
4486:
4477:
4473:
4462:
4389:
4329:
4301:
4272:
4254:
4245:
4220:
4180:
4141:
4113:
4104:
4072:
4044:
3983:
3974:
3970:
3959:
3941:
3847:
3722:
3704:Asian Queer Film Festival
3691:
3631:
3603:
3596:
3570:
3550:
3486:
3479:
3426:
3377:
3370:
3310:
3298:
3205:
3193:cross-dressing characters
3188:Gay characters in fiction
3160:
3112:
3069:
3038:
2986:
2941:Children's TV programming
2914:
2833:
2723:
2716:
2658:
2627:
2598:
2544:
2471:
2464:
2418:
2382:
2374:Gaylactic Spectrum Awards
2336:
2327:
2256:
2024:
1902:
1893:
1836:
1827:
1762:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1539:
1530:
1498:
1441:Japan during World War II
1411:
1320:
1258:Mongol invasions of Japan
1233:
1158:
1085:
1076:
1058:
951:10.1017/S0021911806001148
264:
249:
151:
121:
98:
67:
40:
2390:Gaylaxicon SF convention
1715:House of Representatives
1511:2019 imperial transition
1483:Great Hanshin earthquake
1451:Second Sino-Japanese War
1424:Japan during World War I
446:
209:good wives, wise mothers
83:, abbreviated either as
2570:List of lesbian fiction
1398:First Sino-Japanese War
713:10.1111/1540-5931.00043
575:(3) (3 ed.): 427.
515:Dictionary of New Words
270:was coined to describe
4541:Manic Pixie Dream Girl
3965:By ethics and morality
3518:Torikaebaya Monogatari
3385:Homosexuality in Japan
2731:Modern written fiction
2600:Transgender literature
1866:Science and technology
1305:Council of Five Elders
1300:Azuchi–Momoyama period
912:. September 22, 2014.
421:Homosexuality in Japan
348:As a social phenomenon
163:
113:term used to refer to
58:
2349:Lambda Literary Award
1811:Deputy Prime Minister
1196:Asuka Kiyomihara Code
811:Robertson, Jennifer.
744:(252). Archived from
736:"Three by Moto Hagio"
663:. December 18, 2018.
498:Robertson, Jennifer.
431:LGBT culture in Japan
176:romantic relationship
33:
3893:OCCUR (organization)
2645:Bisexual pornography
2359:Bisexual Book Awards
2354:Stonewall Book Award
1720:House of Councillors
1614:World Heritage Sites
981:Berkeley, California
568:American Ethnologist
426:Lesbian teen fiction
343:Influence and legacy
328:Maria-sama ga Miteru
115:romantic friendships
44:, "Firefly Hunting")
5156:Japanese literature
4755:Princess and dragon
4653:Princesse lointaine
4153:(servants, clowns:
4123:Gentleman detective
3462:transgender shamans
2708:Single-gender world
2686:Speculative fiction
2369:Dayne Ogilvie Prize
1737:Self-Defense Forces
441:Romantic friendship
297:Decline and revival
253:, lit. "male role")
195:The Western novels
5161:Japanese sex terms
5040:Identity formation
4830:American mappillai
4742:Damsel in distress
4524:Magical girlfriend
4429:(wealthy old men,
3714:Rainbow Reel Tokyo
2546:Lesbian literature
2405:Saints and Sinners
1871:Telecommunications
1403:Russo-Japanese War
1333:Tokugawa shogunate
1283:Nanboku-chō period
1278:Ashikaga shogunate
1251:Kamakura shogunate
841:on April 17, 2008.
741:The Comics Journal
376:lesbian literature
352:A 1911 article in
268:, "same sex love")
59:
46:, illustration by
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5010:Adolescent clique
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4763:
4762:
4499:Farmer's daughter
4468:By sex and gender
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4241:
4240:
4100:
4099:
4021:Mythological king
3901:
3900:
3843:
3842:
3733:Shinjuku Ni-chōme
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3504:The Tale of Genji
3235:
3234:
3201:
3200:
3123:Western animation
3082:directed by women
3034:
3033:
2946:Radio and podcast
2910:
2909:
2410:Violet Metropolis
2286:
2285:
2252:
2251:
2001:Sexual minorities
1889:
1888:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1732:Political parties
1671:Foreign relations
1622:
1621:
1526:
1525:
1516:COVID-19 pandemic
1385:Satsuma Rebellion
1370:Meiji Restoration
1268:Kenmu Restoration
1128:Foreign relations
870:"Esu toiu kankei"
748:on April 25, 2011
697:(Flower Tales)".
370:As literary genre
204:A Little Princess
16:(Redirected from
5193:
5151:Culture of Japan
5056:Little green men
5045:Imaginary friend
4996:
4995:
4952:
4774:
4773:
4714:Mammy stereotype
4668:Yamato nadeshiko
4484:
4483:
4475:
4474:
4464:
4463:
4339:Bug-eyed monster
4303:Social Darwinist
4252:
4251:
4228:Good cop/bad cop
4111:
4110:
3981:
3980:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3935:Stock characters
3928:
3921:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3601:
3600:
3561:Chigo Monogatari
3532:Ariake no Wakare
3484:
3483:
3470:Oyamakui no Kami
3375:
3374:
3355:Partnership oath
3277:
3272:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3225:
3224:
3217:LGBTQ portal
3215:
3214:
3213:
3119:Animated series
2921:
2920:
2721:
2720:
2717:LGBTQ characters
2614:Media portrayals
2590:Media portrayals
2536:Media portrayals
2492:Early gay novels
2469:
2468:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2268:Japan portal
2266:
2265:
2264:
2181:National symbols
1900:
1899:
1834:
1833:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1537:
1536:
1471:Economic miracle
1273:Muromachi period
1083:
1082:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
994:
963:
962:
932:
926:
925:
923:
921:
902:
893:
892:
890:
889:
880:. Archived from
866:
860:
849:
843:
842:
837:. Archived from
826:
817:
816:
808:
802:
801:
763:
757:
756:
754:
753:
731:
725:
724:
690:
677:
676:
674:
672:
653:
644:
643:
641:
639:
630:. 2 March 2014.
620:
614:
613:
611:
610:
592:
564:
555:
542:
539:
518:
503:
495:
484:
483:
481:
479:
459:
269:
267:
266:
260:
254:
252:
251:
240:Takarazuka Revue
166:
160:
154:
153:
132:
130:
124:
123:
103:
101:
100:
78:
76:
70:
69:
56:
45:
43:
42:
21:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5176:Literary genres
5166:Lesbian fiction
5136:
5135:
5134:
5125:
5001:
4978:
4955:
4928:
4897:
4880:Prince Charming
4874:
4870:Superfluous man
4865:Nice Jewish boy
4818:
4795:
4759:
4736:
4718:
4701:Lady-in-waiting
4695:
4672:
4639:
4611:
4583:
4569:Fairy godmother
4545:
4469:
4446:
4385:
4325:
4297:
4268:
4237:
4216:
4195:Gentleman thief
4176:
4169: and
4137:
4096:
4068:
4040:
3966:
3955:
3937:
3932:
3902:
3897:
3839:
3718:
3687:
3675:Otoko-machi Map
3627:
3584:
3566:
3546:
3525:Ima Torikaebaya
3511:The Pillow Book
3475:
3422:
3366:
3306:
3294:
3293:topics in Japan
3266:
3236:
3231:
3211:
3209:
3197:
3156:
3108:
3099:LGBT characters
3065:
3046:Cartoon Network
3030:
2982:
2916:
2906:
2829:
2712:
2703:Anime and manga
2654:
2623:
2594:
2540:
2460:
2414:
2378:
2344:Triangle Awards
2332:
2323:
2317:
2287:
2282:
2262:
2260:
2248:
2068:Class S (genre)
2020:
1996:Sex trafficking
1971:Life expectancy
1907:Anti-monarchism
1885:
1815:
1758:
1725:List of members
1705:Law enforcement
1618:
1522:
1494:
1446:Mukden Incident
1407:
1365:Meiji oligarchy
1345:Empire of Japan
1316:
1246:Kamakura period
1229:
1154:
1072:
1054:
1045:
1008:
1006:
991:
971:
966:
933:
929:
919:
917:
904:
903:
896:
887:
885:
876:(in Japanese).
868:
867:
863:
850:
846:
827:
820:
809:
805:
764:
760:
751:
749:
732:
728:
691:
680:
670:
668:
655:
654:
647:
637:
635:
622:
621:
617:
608:
606:
562:
556:
545:
505:
496:
487:
477:
475:
460:
453:
449:
417:
398:
396:Notable figures
372:
350:
345:
337:Hana Monogatari
299:
272:butch and femme
261:
246:
193:
188:
180:romance fiction
148:
118:
95:
64:
50:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Class S (genre)
15:
12:
11:
5:
5199:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Tragic mulatto
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5081:Shoulder angel
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5052:("The Lovers")
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4658:Southern belle
4655:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4589:Hawksian woman
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4504:Girl next door
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4438:
4424:
4419:
4417:Masked villain
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3978:
3968:
3967:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3817:
3814:Hiroshima City
3807:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3771:
3763:
3758:Toshima Ward (
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3661:Gay Japan News
3657:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3607:
3605:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3490:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3452:
3438:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3362:Blue boy trial
3359:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3301:Main article:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2738:
2736:Animated films
2733:
2727:
2725:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2473:Gay literature
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2395:Film festivals
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2123:Henohenomoheji
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1799:Prime Minister
1796:
1791:
1789:Foreign policy
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1668:
1666:Imperial House
1663:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Extreme points
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1295:Sengoku period
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1234:Post-Classical
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1015:
1014:
995:
989:
970:
967:
965:
964:
927:
894:
861:
857:978-4313870116
844:
818:
803:
782:10.1086/495412
758:
726:
707:(4): 724–755.
695:Hanamonogatari
678:
645:
615:
590:2027.42/136411
543:
541:
540:
519:
485:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
416:
413:
401:Nobuko Yoshiya
397:
394:
371:
368:
349:
346:
344:
341:
333:Nobuko Yoshiya
307:co-educational
298:
295:
221:sentimentalism
192:
189:
187:
184:
128:shōjo shōsetsu
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5198:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Village idiot
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:Magical Negro
5059:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5004:
4997:
4993:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4893:Knight-errant
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4855:Little Johnny
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Ivan the Fool
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4801:Father figure
4798:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4617:Woman warrior
4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
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4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:Love interest
4485:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4461:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4425:
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4408:
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4400:
4398:
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4394:
4392:
4388:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Swamp monster
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:Mad scientist
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
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4265:
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4208:
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4149:
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4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4115:Lovable rogue
4112:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4085:Super soldier
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
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4037:
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4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:Knight-errant
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:Christ figure
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
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3969:
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3815:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Sakae, Nagoya
3785:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3751:Minato Ward (
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Rainbow March
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
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3489:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:Yamato Takeru
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:Empress Jingū
3446:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
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3141:
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2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Homoeroticism
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
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2633:
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2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:Slash fiction
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
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2357:
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2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:LGBTQ writers
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2279:
2271:
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2240:
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2023:
2017:
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2012:
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1856:Manufacturing
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1784:Fiscal policy
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1711:
1710:National Diet
1708:
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1701:
1698:
1694:
1693:Supreme Court
1691:
1690:
1689:
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1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1201:Hakuhō period
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1148:Imperial Navy
1146:
1144:
1143:Imperial Army
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
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1099:
1097:
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1093:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
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1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
990:0-520-21150-2
986:
982:
978:
973:
972:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:
931:
915:
911:
907:
901:
899:
884:on 2008-02-21
883:
879:
875:
871:
865:
858:
854:
848:
840:
836:
832:
825:
823:
815:. p. 82.
814:
807:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
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771:
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762:
747:
743:
742:
737:
730:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
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689:
687:
685:
683:
666:
662:
658:
652:
650:
633:
629:
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600:
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586:
582:
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569:
561:
554:
552:
550:
548:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
516:
512:
507:
506:
502:. p. 68.
501:
494:
492:
490:
473:
469:
468:Heso Magazine
465:
458:
456:
451:
442:
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437:
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259:
245:
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210:
206:
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183:
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177:
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158:
146:
142:
141:
137:
129:
116:
112:
111:
107:
94:
93:
88:
87:
82:
75:
63:
54:
49:
36:
32:
19:
5181:Yuri (genre)
5171:LGBT fiction
5121:White savior
5091:Straight man
5025:Dragonslayer
4974:Black knight
4942:Seme and uke
4924:Mountain man
4914:Noble savage
4809:Wise old man
4630:Magical girl
4602:Femme fatale
4579:Loathly lady
4534:Monster girl
4379:Nazi zombies
4354:Monster girl
4321:Supervillain
4283:Double agent
4256:Antivillains
4210:Space pirate
4143:Tricky slave
4090:Space marine
4054:Byronic hero
4036:Youngest son
3984:Classic hero
3883:
3871:
3864:
3832:Sakurazaka (
3829:
3824:Fukuoka City
3819:
3812:Nagarekawa (
3809:
3791:
3783:
3773:
3765:
3744:Taito Ward (
3729:
3723:Gay villages
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3611:LGBT culture
3577:
3559:
3539:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3468:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3300:
3087:by storyline
3039:Animation on
2885:in animation
2868:in animation
2856:in animation
2789:2020–present
2659:LGBTQ themes
2575:Pulp fiction
2514:Teen fiction
2497:Pulp fiction
2224:Tea ceremony
2201:
2195: /
2187:No-pan kissa
2185:
2156:Martial arts
2146:LGBT culture
2048:Architecture
2041: /
1986:Prostitution
1952:Homelessness
1922:Demographics
1846:Central bank
1676:Human rights
1644:Constitution
1499:Contemporary
1321:Early Modern
1225:Heian period
1213:Monmu period
1208:Taika Reform
1186:Asuka period
1181:Kofun period
1176:Yayoi period
1171:Jōmon period
1007:. Retrieved
976:
942:
936:
930:
918:. Retrieved
886:. Retrieved
882:the original
873:
864:
847:
839:the original
834:
812:
806:
773:
767:
761:
750:. Retrieved
746:the original
739:
729:
704:
698:
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636:. Retrieved
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467:
409:Bluestocking
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48:Shigeru Sudō
34:
5066:Mole people
4909:Feral child
4791:Scaramouche
4663:Valley girl
4625:Jungle girl
4597:Dragon Lady
4574:La Ruffiana
4519:Loosu ponnu
4441:Il Capitano
4064:Tragic hero
4016:Legacy hero
3991:Action hero
3822:Haruyoshi (
3810:Hiroshima –
3442:Sōsei Genri
3318:LGBT rights
3291:transgender
3077:LGBTQ films
3061:Nickelodeon
3019:transgender
3000:Characters
2956:1960s–2000s
2902:Transgender
2834:By identity
2813:Video games
2803:Soap operas
2798:Graphic art
2746:1960s–1980s
2698:Video games
2619:Pornography
2580:Pornography
2531:Pornography
2441:El Salvador
2400:Naked Heart
2239:Video games
1981:Pornography
1589:Prefectures
1569:Environment
1564:Earthquakes
1549:Archipelago
1456:Pacific War
1412:Late Modern
1220:Nara period
1166:Paleolithic
920:January 15,
776:(1): 1–35.
671:January 15,
638:January 15,
355:Fujin Kōron
323:light novel
235:character.
51: [
35:Hotaru Kari
5140:Categories
5101:Town drunk
5050:Innamorati
4750:Final girl
4732:Gamer girl
4435:Il Dottore
4407:Folk devil
4349:Killer toy
4344:Evil clown
4264:False hero
4205:Air pirate
4167:Pulcinella
3774:Kanagawa –
3766:Hokkaido –
3497:Tosa Nikki
3480:Literature
2915:Television
2892:Non-binary
2507:Omegaverse
2419:By country
2229:Television
2151:Literature
2113:Hikikomori
2034:Aesthetics
1912:Censorship
1794:Ministries
1764:Government
1478:Heisei era
1461:Occupation
1419:Taishō era
1380:Boshin War
1360:Government
1328:Edo period
1241:Genpei War
1191:Taihō Code
1009:2014-09-22
969:References
945:(3): 575.
888:2008-03-05
813:Takarazuka
752:2008-01-23
609:2019-09-01
500:Takarazuka
217:sisterhood
161:, "sex", "
157:young girl
110:wasei-eigo
74:Kurasu Esu
5111:Truck-kun
5015:Barbarian
4949:Otokonoko
4902:Primitive
4778:Harlequin
4769:Masculine
4724:Geek girl
4709:Columbina
4645:Queen bee
4431:Pantalone
4402:Archenemy
4311:Dark lord
4293:Terrorist
4288:Evil twin
4159:Brighella
4155:Harlequin
4133:Trickster
4080:Cyberhero
4059:Man alone
4031:Superhero
4006:Folk hero
3951:Archetype
3860:Gay manga
3834:Naha City
3830:Okinawa –
3820:Fukuoka –
3805:Shinsekai
3776:Nogecho (
3760:Ikebukuro
3753:Shinbashi
3435:Amaterasu
3427:Mythology
2966:2016–2019
2961:2010–2015
2917:and radio
2897:Pansexual
2846:Aromantic
2808:Webcomics
2741:Animation
2724:By medium
2681:Mythology
2602:and media
2548:and media
2487:BL dramas
2475:and media
2426:Argentina
2383:Festivals
2203:Otokonoko
2171:Mythology
2083:Festivals
2006:Sexuality
1959:Languages
1932:Etiquette
1927:Education
1876:Transport
1688:Judiciary
1649:Elections
1559:Districts
1544:Addresses
1532:Geography
1506:Reiwa era
1436:Shōwa era
1350:Meiji era
1340:Bakumatsu
1263:Genkō War
1123:Education
1086:Overviews
959:162524708
835:The Guide
384:genre of
311:free love
288:otokoyaku
280:otokoyaku
244:otokoyaku
5096:Tokenism
5086:Sidekick
5076:Redshirt
5071:Pop icon
4888:Bishōnen
4860:Nice guy
4607:Tsundere
4559:Cat lady
4479:Feminine
4369:Vampires
4359:Skeleton
4331:Monsters
4247:Villains
4046:Antihero
4001:Everyman
3885:Futanari
3778:Yokohama
3769:Susukino
3647:Barazoku
3552:Medieval
3418:X-gender
3398:Onnagata
3287:bisexual
3227:Category
3104:Intersex
3024:intersex
3014:bisexual
2996:Episodes
2924:By genre
2875:Intersex
2851:Bisexual
2640:Intersex
2635:Bisexual
2565:Femslash
2465:By media
2431:Colombia
2278:Category
2093:Folklore
1991:Religion
1964:Japanese
1937:Gambling
1747:Maritime
1628:Politics
1609:Villages
1290:Ōnin War
1133:Military
1118:Economic
1052:articles
914:Archived
798:29956565
790:22315729
665:Archived
632:Archived
603:Archived
536:14078498
472:Archived
415:See also
378:and the
106:Japanese
81:S kankei
4969:Pachuco
4961:Bad boy
4919:Caveman
4786:Pierrot
4691:Laotong
4686:Class S
4529:Catgirl
4514:Ingénue
4494:Bishōjo
4427:Vecchio
4374:Zombies
4190:Bad boy
4171:Pierrot
4165:,
4163:Scapino
4161:,
4157:,
4026:Paladin
3879:Class S
3848:Related
3792:Osaka –
3784:Aichi –
3746:Asakusa
3730:Tokyo –
3604:General
3597:Culture
3412:Wakashu
3378:General
3371:History
3338:Tottori
3328:Ibaraki
3279:Lesbian
3113:History
3092:by year
3056:Netflix
3004:lesbian
2936:TV film
2880:Lesbian
2841:Asexual
2779:2015–19
2774:2010–14
2764:2005–09
2759:2000–04
2560:Erotica
2555:Class S
2446:Iceland
2436:Ecuador
2322:fiction
2234:Theatre
2209:Origami
2136:Irezumi
2131:Ikebana
2098:Gardens
2073:Cuisine
2026:Culture
2011:Smoking
1947:Housing
1895:Society
1829:Economy
1772:Cabinet
1654:Emperor
1594:Regions
1579:Islands
1466:Postwar
1394:(noble)
1159:Ancient
1106:Shoguns
1078:History
1068:Outline
1004:Yuricon
721:1754751
504:Citing:
478:May 22,
405:lesbian
325:series
258:dōseiai
225:romance
213:laotong
191:Origins
186:History
155:, lit.
62:Class S
5000:Others
4635:Virago
4397:Alazon
4200:Pirate
4182:Outlaw
4106:Rogues
3976:Heroes
3795:Doyama
3692:Events
3682:Samson
3405:Kagema
3289:, and
3051:Disney
2978:Horror
2931:Comedy
2785:2020s
2770:2010s
2755:2000s
2676:Horror
2671:Comics
2524:Danmei
2451:Mexico
2337:Awards
2219:Shinto
2141:Kawaii
2118:Hanami
2103:Geisha
2063:Cinema
2058:Bonsai
1976:People
1942:Health
1861:Energy
1742:Ground
1599:Rivers
1554:Cities
1392:Kazoku
1092:Lists
1050:
987:
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855:
796:
788:
719:
599:645194
597:
534:
233:tomboy
223:, and
169:German
136:senpai
57:, 1926
5186:Girls
5030:Donor
5020:Clown
4835:Himbo
4823:Young
4564:Crone
4422:Miser
4390:Other
4221:Other
4151:Zanni
4073:Other
3800:Namba
3668:G-men
3640:Badi
3632:Media
3616:Tokyo
3488:Heian
3391:Shudō
3333:Tokyo
3323:Akita
3161:Other
3143:2020s
3138:2010s
3133:2000s
3128:1990s
2991:Shows
2971:2020s
2951:Drama
2823:2020s
2818:2010s
2751:1990s
2456:Spain
2214:Sport
2197:Sentō
2193:Onsen
2176:Names
2166:Music
2161:Media
2127:Icons
2108:Games
2043:Manga
2039:Anime
2016:Women
1917:Crime
1851:Labor
1604:Towns
1584:Lakes
1138:Naval
1101:Clans
1063:Index
1048:Japan
955:S2CID
910:Okazu
794:S2CID
769:Signs
661:Okazu
628:Okazu
595:JSTOR
563:(PDF)
526:[
513:[
447:Notes
390:manga
386:anime
164:schön
145:shōjo
140:kōhai
79:, or
55:]
41:ほたる狩り
5035:Fool
4934:LGBT
4850:Jock
4845:Jack
4678:LGBT
4433:and
4412:Igor
4275:mole
4273:The
4233:Rake
4128:Jack
3946:List
3873:Yuri
3866:Yaoi
3739:Ueno
3654:Dōkō
3070:Film
2691:list
2585:Yuri
2519:Yaoi
2482:Bara
2088:Flag
2077:wine
1804:list
1777:list
1681:LGBT
1659:list
1111:Wars
1096:Eras
985:ISBN
922:2019
853:ISBN
786:PMID
717:OCLC
673:2019
640:2019
532:OCLC
480:2009
403:, a
388:and
381:yuri
319:yuri
201:and
138:and
122:少女小説
68:クラスS
4551:Hag
3571:Edo
3311:Law
3283:gay
3009:gay
2863:Gay
2244:Zen
2053:Art
1881:Yen
1752:Air
1700:Law
947:doi
778:doi
709:doi
585:hdl
577:doi
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265:同性愛
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