266:
the size of present-day districts; thanks partially to the control of imports and technology. These petty states established diplomatic contacts with China by the 1st century and the resulting increased influx of goods and technology or recognition of some local chieftains by China led to a further consolidation of political power.
210:
In the reign of Huandi and Lingdi that country that was in great disorder, whose inhabitants had gradually gone to war against each other; so that, over the years, it came to be without a ruler. There was a woman there who was named Himiko; who, by the use of spirits, was able to confuse many people,
265:
The Yayoi period is characterised by the introduction of rice cultivation and metallurgy from China or Korea, the development towards an agrarian society and the establishment of a social class structure. In the mid Yayoi period, community leaders managed to extend their authority over small regions
113:
are an important written source for
Japanese history before the 6th century and contain the only written account of this 2nd century war. Japanese history is recounted in sections on the "barbarian" neighbours of China at the end of each dynastic history in the form of a footnote rather than a major
195:
the country of Wa was in a state of great confusion, war and conflict raging on all sides. For a number of years, there was no ruler. Then a woman named Pimiko appeared. Remaining unmarried, she occupied herself with magic and sorcery and bewitched the populace. Thereupon they placed her on the
302:
All of the historical sources agree that the conflict happened in the latter part of the 2nd century and ended in the 180s. However it is variously quoted as having lasted from between five and eighty years. The distinction of
278:, the chiefdom which Himiko came to rule. However the exact location of Yamatai in Japan is not known and a major source of discussion in ancient Japanese history with most scholars favouring a location in either northern
261:
Even though the basic course of events is the same in all of the histories, they differ in details and language. Due to the limited information provided in the sources various theories have been put forth by historians.
307:(disturbances) in the Book of Liang suggests that earlier fightings that are included in the longer time frames of other sources were comparably minor and not worth mentioning for the authors of the Liang shu.
173:
The country formerly had a man as ruler. For some seventy or eighty years after that there were disturbances and warfare. Thereupon the people agreed upon a woman for their ruler. Her name was Pimiko.
323:
The number of chiefdoms known to the
Chinese had been reduced from over a hundred before the war to around thirty at the time of Himiko. The rebellion also led to the formation of an early
225:
In the reign of Lingdi that country that was in great disorder, whose inhabitants had gradually gone to war against each other; so that, over the years, it came to be without a ruler.
373:, Yamatai would be situated in the Pacific. Kyushu and Kinai are obtained as possible candidates for Yamatai if either the travel distance or direction is modified in the old record.
245:
There is no direct archaeological evidence for the civil war. However archaeological findings of stone or metal weapons and of defensive villages, particularly from the eastern
315:
The cause of the war is not known. A smoldering political situation around the mid 2nd century or a power struggle between the Wa kingdoms have been named as possible origins.
1185:
114:
chapter. Consequently, information on the conflict is very limited. The earliest mention is in the passages referred to as the
764:
737:
710:
65:(2nd century AD). It is the oldest war in Japan that has been documented in writing. Peace was restored around 180, when the
850:
819:
791:
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17:
1165:
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126:
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843:
132:
110:
350:
8:
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413:, Himiko was buried in a large mound tomb, which are characteristic for the Kofun period.
192:
188:
534:[History of Northern Dynasties, volume 94] (in Chinese). Wikisource. 2007-05-18
1144:
815:
787:
760:
733:
706:
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1117:
879:
836:
756:
Himiko and Japan's elusive chiefdom of
Yamatai: archaeology, history, and mythology
340:
327:
under Himiko's rule and as such is considered as a turning point between Yayoi and
978:
963:
809:
781:
754:
727:
700:
291:
287:
246:
102:
729:
Sources of
Japanese Tradition: From earliest times through the sixteenth century
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Japan in the
Chinese dynastic histories: Later Han through Ming dynasties
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58:
237:
The Book of Liang speaks of "great disturbances" between 178 and 183.
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510:[Book of Sui, volume 81] (in Chinese). Wikisource. 2007-05-18
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is reliable as a history only after about the late 6th century. The
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105:, they are largely mythological in nature, and the account in the
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91:
70:
283:
250:
54:
382:
Except for the Wei Zhi which only specifies a time interval.
157:
The following are the complete passages of the Wei Zhi, the
253:
support the occurrence of battles during the Yayoi period.
130:. Subsequent histories mentioning the conflict such as the
89:
period. While the earliest
Japanese national chronicles
211:
so that her countrymen together made her their monarch.
53:
was a period of disturbances and warfare in ancient
1186:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia
400:Thirty is the number of chiefdoms ruled by Himiko.
1157:
643:
641:
154:(mid 7th century) draw much from earlier works.
786:. Mythological Essays. Vol. 2. iUniverse.
46:
40:
844:
702:The Cambridge History of Japan: Ancient Japan
699:Brown, Delmer M.; Hall, John Whitney (1993).
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592:
590:
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391:"Over a hundred" could mean uncountably many.
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274:The war is thought to have occurred around
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753:Kidder, Jonathan Edward (March 2007).
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294:, with which it might share its name.
286:, the latter being close to the later
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808:Goodrich, Luther Carrington (1951).
219:, Accounts of the Eastern Barbarians
204:, Accounts of the Eastern Barbarians
181:, Accounts of the Eastern Barbarians
24:
801:
25:
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726:Dykstra, Yoshiko Kurata (2001).
369:Following the directions in the
124:(ca. 297), which is part of the
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759:. University of Hawaii Press.
705:. Cambridge University Press.
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101:begin their accounts from the
13:
1:
732:. Columbia University Press.
420:
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231:History of Northern Dynasties
167:History of Northern Dynasties
151:History of Northern Dynasties
127:Records of the Three Kingdoms
780:Metevelis, Peter J. (2002).
169:dealing with the civil war:
77:took control of the region.
7:
334:
269:
85:The war falls into Japan's
47:
10:
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318:
111:Chinese dynastic histories
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872:
41:
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356:
346:List of Japanese battles
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27:2nd-century war in Japan
1176:Battles involving Japan
1019:Sites mentioned in the
814:. P.D. and I. Perkins.
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241:Archaeological evidence
81:Chinese written sources
984:Furuichi Kofun Cluster
290:, the former close to
235:
222:
207:
184:
1166:2nd-century conflicts
1008:Yamatai Kyushu Theory
1003:Yamatai Honshu Theory
609:Brown & Hall 1993
597:Brown & Hall 1993
582:Brown & Hall 1993
570:Brown & Hall 1993
445:Brown & Hall 1993
433:Brown & Hall 1993
223:
208:
202:Book of the Later Han
187:During the reigns of
185:
171:
159:Book of the Later Han
133:Book of the Later Han
36:Great Rebellion of Wa
1171:2nd century in Japan
1191:Rebellions in Japan
1181:Civil wars in Japan
1029:Black tooth country
999:Yamatai locations
435:, pp. 287–288
61:) during the late
1153:
1152:
766:978-0-8248-3035-9
739:978-0-231-12139-2
712:978-0-521-22352-2
584:, pp. 80–107
409:According to the
351:Tōdaijiyama Sword
16:(Redirected from
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1118:Legend of Himiko
880:Five kings of Wa
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136:(ca. 445), the
103:Age of the Gods
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87:protohistoric
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48:wakoku tairan
37:
33:
19:
1201:Yayoi period
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1109:
1034:Chikushikoku
1020:
947:
863:
810:
782:
770:. Retrieved
755:
743:. Retrieved
728:
716:. Retrieved
701:
693:Bibliography
686:, p. 12
679:
667:
662:, p. 23
655:
650:, p. 19
635:, p. 48
628:
623:, p. 21
616:
604:
577:
565:
560:, p. 19
536:. Retrieved
524:
512:. Retrieved
500:
493:Dykstra 2001
488:
481:Dykstra 2001
476:
469:Dykstra 2001
464:
457:Dykstra 2001
452:
440:
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329:Kofun period
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96:
90:
84:
75:Yamatai-koku
73:(Pimiko) of
63:Yayoi period
35:
31:
29:
1064:Matsurokoku
927:Kukochihiko
684:Kidder 2007
674:, p. 9
672:Kidder 2007
660:Kidder 2007
621:Kidder 2007
558:Kidder 2007
483:, p. 7
471:, p. 5
459:, p. 3
217:Book of Sui
163:Book of Sui
145:Book of Sui
142:(635), the
107:Nihon Shoki
98:Nihon Shoki
1160:Categories
1145:Sea People
1089:Tsukaikoku
1074:Shin'okoku
1059:Kununokuni
772:2011-06-17
745:2011-06-17
718:2011-03-24
421:References
257:Discussion
247:Inland Sea
1084:Toumakoku
1079:Shujukoku
974:Ukikunden
1128:See also
1039:Fumikoku
1021:Wajinden
993:Theories
932:Himikoko
865:Wajinden
862:and the
538:June 19,
514:June 19,
335:See also
270:Location
228:—
214:—
199:—
176:—
165:and the
117:Wajinden
1196:Yamatai
1054:Itokoku
1049:Ikikoku
860:Yamatai
531:北史/卷094
411:Wei Zhi
371:Wei Zhi
319:Outcome
276:Yamatai
196:throne.
179:Wei Zhi
122:Wei Zhi
120:of the
1111:Himiko
1094:Wakoku
1069:Nakoku
941:Events
922:Himiko
873:People
818:
790:
763:
736:
709:
507:隋書/卷81
325:polity
280:Kyushu
193:Lingdi
189:Huandi
161:, the
92:Kojiki
71:Himiko
69:queen
67:shaman
1140:Wajin
1103:Media
957:Sites
357:Notes
311:Cause
305:great
284:Kinai
251:Kinki
55:Japan
917:Toyo
910:Dei?
890:Chin
816:ISBN
788:ISBN
761:ISBN
734:ISBN
707:ISBN
540:2011
516:2011
298:Time
191:and
95:and
42:倭国大乱
30:The
895:Sai
885:San
282:or
249:to
34:or
1162::
1135:Wa
905:Bu
900:Ko
640:^
589:^
548:^
331:.
59:Wa
45:,
852:e
845:t
838:v
824:.
796:.
775:.
748:.
721:.
542:.
518:.
57:(
51:)
39:(
20:)
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