274:
140:
and typically comprises only those geographical areas that are part of a legally defined, and often historically-established administrative unit. However, many urban areas have grown far beyond the limits of the city proper, necessitating other measures. An urban agglomeration is the de facto population contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban density levels without regard to administrative boundaries’. Urban agglomerations are thus determined by density: the agglomeration ends where the density of settlement drops below some critical threshold. A still more comprehensive concept is the metropolitan area."
218:"a locality defined according to legal/political boundaries and an administratively recognized urban status that is usually characterized by some form of local government". In its data however, the United Nations Demographic Yearbook affords the individual countries considerable leeway over the definition of "city proper". The table titled "Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants" provides several country-specific definitions for "city proper" that diverge from the provided definition:
105:. Under the title "World Urbanization Prospects", the United Nations issues every two years estimates and projections of the urban and rural populations of all countries of the world. The book defines the population of a city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city." The book continues to say that "city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives."
355:
allow local city governments to control the surrounding areas". The authors state that "the
Chinese city of Chongqing is another case in point. Even though the municipal district of Chongqing has a total population of more than 30 million inhabitants, fewer than 6 million actually live in Chongqing city proper. Depending on which classification is used, Chongqing is sometimes listed as the world's largest city and, in other cases, does not even appear in the top rung of urban population rankings".
20:
75:
152:
1631:
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203:
362:. This city has a population of nearly 8 million according to the latest census, which is debated. Official data by the Lagos State estimate the population of Metropolitan Lagos at more than 14 million. However, there is no Metropolitan Government. The Municipality of Lagos was disbanded in 1976 and divided into several
139:
A United
Nations University working paper titled "Urban Settlement" reviews the most commonly used data sources, and highlights the difficulties inherent in defining and measuring the size of urban versus rural populations. It says: "The city proper is determined by legal and administrative criteria,
109:
217:
The United
Nations Demographic Yearbook is compiled using questionnaires dispatched annually to more than 230 national statistical offices. These questionnaires ask for the country-specific definition of urban areas, rural areas and city proper. In its glossary, the Yearbook defines "city proper" as
354:
in Inner
Mongolia was recognized as the largest city in the world by area until 2018 (see image caption above). According to the "Urban Settlement" working paper, in 1986, to cope with growing administrative demands at the local level, China essentially reclassified counties as cities in order to
425:
could arguably be considered the "city proper" of London but has a population of only about 8600 (though the areas immediately surrounding the City of London boundaries have the same urban character as those within, and such urban character continues for some distance beyond the "Square Mile"
366:. As a result, the most populous city in Africa, and one of the most populous and fastest growing cities in the world can be missing from lists of cities proper. A similar situation exists in Australia, where large cities are divided into much smaller
404:
often included. While all of these areas are contiguous and are considered to be integral parts of
Wellington as a whole, they are legally distinct, thus giving Wellington a statistical population of 215,000 rather than the
225:"Except for Tokyo, all data refer to shi, a minor division which may include some scattered or rural population as well as an urban centre". In Tokyo, "data for city proper refer to 23 wards (ku) of the old city".
163:
The term is a combination of "city" in the sense of "an incorporated administrative district", and "proper" in the sense of "strictly limited to a specified thing, place, or idea" or "strictly accurate". In
265:
These definitions are those given for the purpose of the United
Nations Demographic Yearbook. One should not assume that these necessarily are the prevailing definitions in their respective countries.
951:(Nearly two-thirds of the world's urban population, more than one and a half billion people, live in the cities of the South. Within little more than a generation their number will triple)
925:
214:
Especially when translated from the
English or back, "city proper" sometimes takes on different meanings in different parts of the world. Some languages have no equivalent.
832:
66:. In some countries, city limits that act as the demarcation for the city proper are drawn very wide, in some very narrow. This can be cause for recurring controversy.
475:
133:
231:"For all regions it is not possible to distinguish between 'city proper' and 'urban agglomeration' areas, therefore data has been included under 'city proper'".
1220:
584:
882:
599:
645:
938:
628:
535:
249:
provides city proper data for most cities, while for others, such as
Guadalajara, Mexico City, or Monterey, only agglomeration data are given.
308:, the most populous city in Africa, and one of the most populous and fastest growing cities in the world, does not count as a city proper.
1442:
460:
430:
which is about 9 million. It is disputable whether
Greater London is a city or a region, and also why similar treatment is not given to
168:, the term "city proper" is often used as an example to illustrate the meaning of the word "proper" in the sense of "tightly defined".
1665:
1435:
316:
that act as the demarcation for the city proper are drawn very wide, or very narrow. This can be a recurring cause for controversy.
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929:
1447:
836:
470:
243:
provides city proper data for most cities; for some large cities, such as
Istanbul or Ankara, only agglomeration data are given.
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740:
175:"narrowly identified, strictly identified and distinguished from something else" – stayed in the suburbs, not the city proper
765:
1315:
187:"in the strict sense of the word (usually used postpositively)":- Is the school within Boston proper or in the suburbs?
159:, the term "city proper" is often used as an example to illustrate a meaning of the word "proper" as "tightly defined".
193:"Being within the strictly limited sense, as of a term designating something: the town proper, excluding the suburbs".
697:
504:
363:
319:"List of cities by surface area" lists little known cities that are larger than many countries. By area, the city of
301:
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439,200 (measured as its metro area) or 497,200 (including the Kāpiti Coast). This makes Wellington technically the
976:
289:
793:
1566:
384:, which is governed by a single city council, Wellington is subdivided and governed by at least four. These are
1165:
886:
124:, city proper is one of the three basic concepts used to define urban areas and populations. The other two are
856:
412:
367:
58:
City proper is one of the three basic concepts used to define urban areas and populations. The other two are
652:
936:
Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China’s Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications
935:
1310:
542:
328:
143:
In short, there is no "right" manner to define a city or municipality; city proper is just one manner.
55:
defines the term as "... the single political jurisdiction which contains the historical city centre."
273:
1531:
1305:
1215:
575:
455:
347:. While these examples cause limited debate, cities in China are a source of continuing contention.
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871:[Nagqu Prefecture Abolished to Establish City] (in Chinese (China)). 人民网－人民日报. 2018-04-26.
401:
1556:
1225:
868:
385:
281:
1541:
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1402:
1287:
603:
465:
443:
687:
1670:
1581:
1372:
1362:
1347:
1205:
1147:
207:
926:
WHICH ARE THE LARGEST? WHY PUBLISHED POPULATIONS FOR MAJOR WORLD URBAN AREAS VARY SO GREATLY
116:, city proper is one of the three basic concepts used to define urban areas and populations.
1571:
1546:
969:
906:
8:
1611:
1230:
125:
79:
59:
51:; it can describe the geographical area within the boundaries of any given locality. The
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A city can be "an administratively separated area entitled to civil (municipal) rights".
1510:
435:
83:
28:
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1325:
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261:"Data for cities proper refer to communes which are centres for urban agglomeration".
129:
95:
63:
945:(An attempt to clarify China's population statistics, with special emphasis on the )
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494:
1616:
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1172:
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284:, a city established in 2018, became the largest city in China by area, overtaking
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427:
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206:"City proper" can take on different meanings in different parts of the world. (
52:
234:
UK, Thailand, Qatar, Cyprus, Bangladesh, Suriname, Colombia, Nicaragua, Canada
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1649:
1635:
1606:
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1500:
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boundary). Some lists instead state that the population of London is that of
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1132:
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181:"strictly limited to a specified thing, place, or idea 'the city proper;"
102:
40:
24:
19:
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646:"Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants"
1601:
1536:
1387:
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741:"Proper - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
522:
Urban development in the world dryland regions: Inventory and prospects
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16:
Geographical area contained within the defined boundary of a city
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World's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020
202:
90:
In its strict sense, city proper is used as a technical term in
1342:
1240:
1018:
519:
418:
324:
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1023:
833:"Questionnaire on Metadata for Population and Housing Census"
495:
United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs (2002).
359:
305:
277:
99:
1260:
985:
48:
954:
476:
List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants
86:
could not be a city proper, but it can be part of one.
743:. Mw2.merriam-webster.com. 2007-04-25. Archived from
237:
do not report City Proper data; agglomerations only.
928:(Slightly outdated study that became the basis for
600:World Institute for Development Economics Research
821:Free Dictionary example for the usage of "proper"
499:. United Nations Publications, 2002. p. 23.
1647:
949:The urban transformation in the developing world
850:
810:Dictionary.com example for the usage of "proper"
421:may also be considered as a confusing case. The
791:Merriam-Webster example for the usage of proper
689:World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision
536:"Global Urban Indicators - Selected Statistics"
583:, Günther Fink, Tarun Khanna, Patrick Salyer.
970:
380:is also regarded as a confusing case; unlike
627:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
766:"Encarta example for the usage of "proper""
640:
638:
541:. UN habitat. November 2009. Archived from
461:List of cities proper by population density
977:
963:
520:Robert B. Potter; Virginia Potter (1978).
331:(population 32,000) covers more area than
39:is the geographical area contained within
930:List of metropolitan areas by population
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272:
201:
150:
107:
73:
18:
857:The United Nations Demographic Yearbook
571:
569:
567:
565:
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471:List of national capitals by population
197:
23:The city proper starts and ends at the
1648:
669:
958:
692:. United Nations. 2004. p. 104.
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358:On the other side of the extreme is
1316:Technical aspects of urban planning
323:(population 84,000) is bigger than
13:
14:
1687:
919:
413:third-largest city in New Zealand
1666:Types of administrative division
1629:
1091:Cities with the most skyscrapers
1567:Sustainable Development Goal 11
1448:Most populous national capitals
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814:
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783:
758:
1453:Most populous satellite cities
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712:
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528:
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268:
1:
1443:Most densely populated cities
524:. Geoforum. pp. 349–379.
481:
27:, as seen with this sign for
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7:
449:
10:
1692:
1311:Theories of urban planning
984:
722:. Wordnetweb.princeton.edu
497:Demographic yearbook, 2000
415:, rather than the second.
329:City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder
136:and permutations thereof.
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1524:
1461:
1421:
1306:History of urban planning
1296:
1216:Central business district
1196:
1146:
992:
592:Working Paper No. 2010/12
456:List of cities by country
132:. In addition, there are
370:, with the exception of
134:Census Statistical Areas
69:
1557:Million Tree Initiative
1542:Ecological engineering
1431:World's largest cities
1403:Cycling infrastructure
1288:Peri-urban agriculture
720:"WordNet Search - 3.0"
466:List of largest cities
368:Local Government Areas
364:Local Government Areas
309:
302:Local Government Areas
293:
211:
160:
117:
87:
32:
1582:Urban forest inequity
1373:Multiple nuclei model
1363:Concentric zone model
1348:Mixed-use development
1221:Most expensive cities
1206:World's cities by GDP
442:as distinct from the
300:Divided into several
299:
276:
205:
154:
111:
77:
22:
1572:Sustainable urbanism
1547:Green infrastructure
883:"Population (Lagos)"
350:The Chinese city of
198:Internationalization
47:is not exclusive to
1612:Urban reforestation
1231:Most livable cities
446:metropolitan area.
312:In some countries,
190:The Free Dictionary
126:urban agglomeration
80:unincorporated town
60:urban agglomeration
1511:Urban homesteading
1436:throughout history
941:2013-01-15 at the
796:2010-07-11 at the
676:City of Saint John
585:"Urban Settlement"
548:on 11 January 2011
436:Greater Manchester
360:Metropolitan Lagos
310:
294:
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161:
118:
88:
33:
29:Schulenburg, Texas
1643:
1642:
1636:Cities portal
1597:Urban heat island
1506:Urban exploration
1378:Linear settlement
1326:Public open space
1166:direct-controlled
1116:Abandoned village
1071:Metropolitan area
434:as distinct from
130:metropolitan area
96:statistical study
64:metropolitan area
1683:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1617:Zero-carbon city
1562:Sustainable city
1516:Unitary urbanism
1486:Urban morphology
1423:Urban population
1393:Bicycle-friendly
1173:Independent city
1148:Urban government
1106:Shrinking cities
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885:. Archived from
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835:. Archived from
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321:Altamira, Brazil
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1496:Urban sociology
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1408:Pedestrian zone
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1226:Cheapest cities
1198:Urban economics
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1183:Autonomous city
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1101:Suburbanization
994:Urban geography
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178:Merriam-Webster
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1298:Urban planning
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423:City of London
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1587:Urban forest
1471:New Urbanism
1368:Sector model
1353:Urban design
1246:Modern ruins
1188:Capital city
1161:Municipality
1138:College town
1096:Urbanization
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1525:Environment
1413:Walkability
1398:Cyclability
1331:Green space
1283:Habitat III
1251:Shanty town
1236:Urban decay
1211:Global city
1156:City status
1133:Closed city
1086:Megalopolis
1066:Conurbation
1054:City proper
1034:Twin cities
1007:City centre
400:, with the
314:city limits
269:Controversy
103:populations
43:. The term
41:city limits
37:city proper
25:city limits
1650:Categories
1602:Urban park
1537:Eco-cities
1388:Smart city
1338:Urban wild
1178:City-state
1111:Ghost town
1076:Metropolis
1002:Urban area
893:2010-07-28
869:"那曲地区撤地设市"
843:2010-07-20
776:2010-07-20
751:2010-07-26
726:2010-07-26
705:2010-07-19
662:2010-07-25
482:References
440:Birmingham
432:Manchester
398:Upper Hutt
394:Lower Hutt
378:Wellington
372:Queensland
280:(yellow),
128:, and the
122:demography
114:demography
92:demography
62:, and the
1358:Grid plan
1266:Squatting
1128:Tent city
1123:Lost city
1044:Edge city
1029:Core city
352:Hulunbuir
286:Hulunbuir
228:Australia
210:, Egypt).
147:Etymology
1676:Censuses
1463:Urbanism
1383:Land use
1256:Skid row
1081:Megacity
1012:Downtown
939:Archived
794:Archived
623:cite web
596:Helsinki
450:See also
408:de facto
382:Auckland
337:Portugal
82:such as
390:Porirua
345:Ireland
341:Austria
333:Hungary
172:Encarta
84:Nutbush
1343:Zoning
1241:Ghetto
1059:limits
1019:Suburb
986:Cities
696:
613:20 Jul
552:20 Jul
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419:London
327:. The
325:Greece
258:France
252:Poland
246:Mexico
240:Turkey
94:, the
49:cities
45:proper
1024:Exurb
909:, by
656:(PDF)
649:(PDF)
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343:, or
306:Lagos
282:Tibet
278:Nagqu
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100:human
70:Usage
1656:City
1261:Slum
694:ISBN
629:link
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