22:(people's diplomacy) is the political concept of average citizens engaging as representatives of a country or cause either inadvertently or by design. Citizen diplomacy may take place when official channels are not reliable or desirable; for instance, if two countries do not formally recognize each other's governments, citizen diplomacy may be an ideal tool of statecraft. Citizen diplomacy does not have to be direct negotiations between two parties, but can take the form of: scientific exchanges, cultural exchanges, and international athletic events.
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Citizen
Diplomacy is the concept that the individual has the right, even the responsibility, to help shape U.S. foreign relations, "one handshake at a time." Citizen diplomats can be students, teachers, athletes, artists, business people, humanitarians, adventurers or tourists. They are motivated by
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Citizen diplomacy can complement official diplomacy or subvert it. Some nations ban track-two efforts like this when they run counter to official foreign policy.
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46:. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Fuller continued this work in political hot spots around the world and developed the idea of reducing
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Gopin, Marc. To Make the Earth Whole: The Art of
Citizen Diplomacy in an Age of Religious Militancy. Rowman & Littlefield: June 2009.
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Mattern, Douglass. Looking for Square Two: Moving from War and
Organized Violence to Global Community. Millennial Mind Pub: June 2006.
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Patterson, David S. The Search for
Negotiated Peace: Women's Activism and Citizen Diplomacy in World War I. Routledge: Dec 2007.
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Phillips, David L. Unsilencing the Past: Track two
Diplomacy And Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation. Berghahn Books: Feb 2005.
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and ECOLOGIA have sought to thwart US policy through "grassroots" initiatives with Soviet and (later) former Soviet groups.
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a responsibility to engage with the rest of the world in a meaningful, mutually beneficial dialogue.
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Institute: Dec 2006.
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to promote peace. The phrase "citizen diplomacy" was first coined by
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Attias, Shay. (2013). Israel's new peer to peer diplomacy.
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