Cilicia - Knowledge

2176: 985: 4062: 2071: 2055: 5619: 5130:, is a huge park of around 55,000 hectares, the summit of Demirkazik at 3756 m is the highest point in the middle Taurus mountain range. There is a huge range of flora and fauna, and visitors may fish in the streams full of trout. Wildlife includes wild goats, bears, lynx and sable. The most common species of plant life is black pine and cluster pine trees, with some cedar dotted between, and fir trees in the northern areas with higher humidity. The Alpine region, from the upper borders of the forest, has pastures with rocky areas and little variety of plant life because of the high altitude and slope. 1627: 84: 4125: 1643: 2916: 2778: 4871: 2234: 10267: 1415: 3784: 3730: 5913: 3644: 3866: 2676: 3049: 11897: 2547: 1017: 1236: 1986: 6071:, two mountainous areas where autonomy was maintained until the 19th century. In ports and cities of the Adana plain, commerce and industry were almost entirely in the hands of the Armenians and they remained so thanks to a constant influx of Armenians from the highlands. Their population was continuously increasing in numbers in Cilicia in contrast to other parts of the Ottoman Empire, where it was, since 1878, decreasing due to repression. 4969: 3105: 7030: 6085: 5801: 788: 4072: 4115: 749:), each of which brings down much silt from the deforested interior and which fed extensive wetlands. The Sarus now enters the sea almost due south of Tarsus, but there are clear indications that at one period it joined the Pyramus, and that the united rivers ran to the sea west of Kara-tash. Through the rich plain of Issus ran the great highway that linked east and west, on which stood the cities of 4728: 2789:, two major cities of the plain, leaving few castles to Armenians. In 1375, Mamluks gained the control of the remaining areas of Cilicia, thus ending the three centuries rule of Armenians. Cilicia Pedias became part of the Mamluk Sultanate in 1375. Mamluk Sultanate authorized Ramazan Beg led Türkmen Emirate to administer Cilicia, but took direct control of the towns, Tarsus, 5034:, built in the 3rd century, served as the centre of the ancient metropolis of Anavarza. The city was built on a hill and had strategic importance, controlling the Cilician plain. The main castle and the city walls represent remains of the city. The city wall is 1500m. long and 8-10m. high, with 4 entrances to the city. The castle is located 80 km. northeast of 2121:, and how the Cilician Gates had been "impassable if obstructed by the enemy". Alexander reasoned that by force alone he could frighten the defenders and break through, and he gathered his men to do so. In the cover of night, they attacked, startling the guards and sending them and their satrap into full flight, setting their crops aflame as they made for 3036:, Ottoman telegraph was received by the Governor to deport the more than 70,000 Armenians of the Adana Vilayet to Syria. Armenians of Zeitun had organized a successful resistance against the Ottoman onslaught. In order to finally subjugate Zeitun, the Ottomans had to resort to treachery by forcing an Armenian delegation from Marash to ask the 5158:, is known for having an ecosystem different from the Mediterranean. The main species of trees around Kengerliduz are beech, oak and fir, and around Tekkoz are hornbeam, ash, beach, black pine and silver birch. The main animal species in the area are wild goat, roe deer, bear, hyena, wild cat, wagtail, wolf, jackal and fox. 3216:, who built their wealth on owning confiscated or cheaply purchased properties. Forcible change in means of production led to abuse of wealth and harsh treatment of labor later in the 20th century, as the new possessors did not have the necessary management attributes that the previous owners had for centuries. 3479:

During the Achaemenid period, the administration of Cilicia was stable and efficient, thanks to which it was agriculturally very productive and was capable of holding large military concentrations. The fact that the king of kings Darius I expected 500 talents of silver as tribute from Cilicia attests

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There are numerous private primary and high schools besides the state schools in the region. Most popular high school in the region is Tarsus American College, founded as a missionary school in 1888 to serve Armenian community and then became a secular school in 1923. Adana Anatolian High School and

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covers an area of 16,430 hectares within the Seyhan-Ceyhan delta, with its lakes, lagoons and wide collection of plant and animal species. The area is an important location for many species of migrating birds, the number gets higher during the winters when the lakes become a shelter when other lakes

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The duties of the satrap including maintaining peace within his satrapy to ensure agriculture could be conducted and tribute could be produced, as well as to keep the locations at higher altitudes and the mountain passes under control loyal to the Achaemenid crown, to which it contributed 360 horses

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Heaven & Hell consists of the grabens result from assoil of furrings in the thousands of years. Natural fenomen of this grabens is called as Heaven & Hell because of the exotic effects on people.You can go Heaven hole from an ancient path which has 452 steps and you can reach 260 meter long

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Like the other western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire, the satrap of Cilicia owned an estate with a palace at Tarsus, which was a large and thriving city during the Achaemenid period. Subordinate to the satrap in the local administration were lower rank officials, with some of them being landed

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brought to Cilicia from Syria to work at the flourishing agricultural lands. İbrahim Paşa, the son of Muhammed Ali Paşa, demolished the Adana Castle and the city walls in 1836. He built the canals for irrigation and transportation and also built water systems for the residential areas of the towns.

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Nevertheless, the western pert of Cilicia, corresponding to the later Graeco-Roman Rough Cilicia, probably remained independent of Persian rule and of the administration of the satrap of Tarsus except for the narrow strip of flat land along its coast, due to which the imperial authorities often led

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extended the use of the name of the state of Ḫilakku to the territory of both Ḫilakku and its neighbour Ḫiyawa. It is however uncertain how this naming convention arose, and whether it was the result of political expansion by Ḫilakku or of Greeks first coming into contact with Ḫilakku and using its

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is famous for its cultural as well as natural value, especially for St Pierre Church, which was carved into the rocks. The Charon monument, 200 m north of the church, is huge sculpture of Haron, known as Boatman of Hell in mythology, carved into the rocks. The main species of tree are cluster

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The Cilicia plain has some of the most fertile soil in the world in which 3 harvests can be taken each year. The region has the second richest flora in the world and it is the producer of all agricultural products of Turkey except hazelnut and tobacco. Cilicia leads Turkey in soy, peanuts and corn

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This Luwian population persisted in Cilicia in the 1st millennium BC until the later Hellenistic and Roman periods, hence why the onomastics of this region, especially in its western part (Rough Cilicia), were Luwian in character, implying that it was inhabited by a large number of Luwian speakers

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style; summers are hot while winters are mild, making the land, particularly, the eastern plains, fertile. In the coldest month (January), the average temperature is 9 °C, and in the warmest month (August), the average temperature is 28 °C. The mountains of Cilicia have an inland climate

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a great Mameluk army moved in and began to plunder but Ibrahim Bey's army achieved a great victory against the Mameluks in Belen. Also in this battle Temur Bey, the general of the Mameluks, had been captured. Yilboga, the amir of Aleppo moved on to the Turkmens after this defeat and he conquered

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is a large wildlife refuge which acts as a stopover for migratory birds voyaging from Africa to Europe. The wildlife refuge has a 14,700 ha (36,000-acre) area made up of forests, lagoon, marsh, sandy and reedy lands. Akyatan lake is a natural wonder with endemic plants and endangered bird

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Like in the rest of the western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire, Persians had moved in Cilicia, and archaeological evidence such as reliefs from Silifke, Adana and Korykos suggest that a Persian nobility as well as a Persianised nobility existed in Cilicia during the Achaemenid period.

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that broke out in 1861 disturbed the cotton flow to Europe and directed European cotton traders to fertile Cilicia. The region became the centre of cotton trade and one of the most economically strong regions of the Empire within decades. In 1869, Adana Eyalet was re-established as

1584:, Cilicia contributed both troops and ships for the Achaemenid conquest of the Aegean Sea: the Cilician ruler Syennesis II led these ships, but was killed in battle. At this time, the ruling dynasty of Cilicia had been linked by marriage bonds with Carian notables. 4616:

Cilicia is one of the first industrialized regions of Turkey. With the improvements in agriculture and the spike of agricultural yield, agriculture-based industries are built in large numbers. Today, the manufacturing industry is mainly concentrated around

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Cilicia during the Achaemenid period was inhabited by tribal populations who were led by native chieftains, and it contained fortified strongholds protecting its agricultural land and its inhabitants, as well as various native and Persian cities and towns.

8013:, p. 74. "King Het'um of Lesser Armenia, who had reflected profoundly upon the deliverance afforded by the Mongols from his neighbors and enemies in Rum, sent his brother, the Constable Smbat (Sempad) to Guyug's court to offer his submission." 3112:

With the changing political environment and interests, the French further reversed their policy: The repatriation was halted, and the French ultimately abandoned all pretensions to Cilicia, which they had originally hoped to attach to their

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Parallel to the highway network in Cilicia, there is an extensive railway network. Adana-Mersin train runs as a commuter train between Mersin, Tarsus and Adana. There are also regional trains from Adana to Ceyhan, Osmaniye and İskenderun.

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to Cilicia who were granted the ownership of large farms, factories, stores and mansions. Within a decade, Cilicia had a sharp change demographically, socially and economically and lost its diversity by turning into solely Muslim/Turkish.

2391:(1:21). After Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, Cilicia was included in the territories of the patriarchate of Antioch. The region was divided into two civil and ecclesiastical provinces: 3195:

were relocated in the old Armenian and Greek neighbourhoods and villages of the region. All types of properties, lands, houses and workshops were distributed to them. Also during this period, there was a property rush of Muslims from

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Once the revolt of Cyrus the Younger had been suppressed, Cilicia was again used as an assembly point for Achaemenid forces in preparation for military action in the Aegean Sea during 396 to 395 BC, and against Cyprus in the 380s BC.

3187:, the Turkish government enacted the "Law of Abandoned Properties" which confiscated properties of Armenians and Greeks who were not present on their property. Cilicia were one of the regions with the most confiscated property, thus 5231:

is a state university founded in 1992, and currently serving with 11 faculties, 6 colleges and 9 vocational schools. The university employs more than 2100 academicians and enrolls 26,980 students. Main campus is in the city of

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The population of the eastern part of ancient Cilicia was urbanised and participated in commercial and industrial activities, while the inhabitants of its western regions were tribally organised and led simpler lifestyles.

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is a recently founded state university that is planned to have ten faculties, two institutions and a college. It will accommodate 1,700 academic, 470 administrative staff, and it is expected to enroll students by 2012.

5021:, an 11th-century Crusader castle built on a historical road connecting the Taurus mountains with the city of Antakya. The castle has 8 round towers, a military guardhouse and a church. It is located 5 km. west of 2578:. This Christian state, surrounded by Muslim states hostile to its existence, had a stormy history of about 300 years, giving valuable support to the Crusaders, and trading with the great commercial cities of Italy. 9818: 4518:

are some of the towns in the region where fishing is the major source of income. Gray mullet, red mullet, sea bass, lagos, calamari and gilt-head bream are some of the most popular fish in the region. There are

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Hatay is the most rural province of Cilicia and also Hatay is the only province that the rural population is rising and the urban population is declining. The major reason is the mountainous geography of Hatay.

5093:, a 6th-century giant structure built on a desolate hill 18 km south of Antakya. The most striking features of this monastery are its cisterns, its storage compartment, and the walls. It is believed that 605:) is a rugged mountain district formed by the spurs of Taurus, which often terminate in rocky headlands with small sheltered harbours, features which, in classical times, made the coast a string of havens for 3492:

the high priests of Zeus at Olbe were able to expand their authority after the fall of the Achaemend Empire, and they became culturally Hellenised, with their dynasts shifting their names from Tarkuaris

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developments in the east): c. 5400–4500 BC; Late Chalcolithic: 4500 – c. 3400 BC; and Early Bronze Age IA: 3400–3000 BC; EBA IB: 3000–2700 BC; EBA II: 2700–2400 BC; EBA III A-B: 2400–2000 BC.

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because it managed very well to preserve Armenian character throughout the years. In fact, the Cilician highlands were densely populated by Armenians in small but prosperous towns and villages such as

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Temple estates had existed in Cilicia since the pre-Achaemenid period, although the best documentation regarding them is from the Hellenestic period. Known temple esates include the temple of Zeus at

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Cilicia was settled from the Neolithic period onwards. Dating of the ancient settlements of the region from Neolithic to Bronze Age is as follows: Aceramic/Neolithic: 8th and 7th millennia BC; Early

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and the Ceyhan-Red Sea pipelines. Ceyhan will also be a natural gas terminal for a planned pipeline to be constructed parallel to the Kirkuk-Ceyhan oil pipeline, and for a planned extension of the

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Little is known of the large cities in the Achaemenid period, although Tarsus and Soli are known to have minted coins which were used in the Achaemenid military campaigns against Cyprus and Egypt.

8853:"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." — "Antioch," 3101:, eventually reversed their policies in the region. A truce arranged on May 28 between the French and the Kemalists, led to the retreat of the French forces south of the Mersin-Osmaniye railroad. 852:, marlstone, and similar materials. The Taurus Mountains are composed of karstic limestone, while its soil is also limestone-derived, with pockets of volcanic soil. The lower plain is the largest 2494:

In the 7th century Cilicia was invaded by the Muslim Arabs. The area was for some time an embattled no-man's land. The Arabs succeeded in conquering the area in the early 8th century. Under the

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Angus Donal Stewart, "Logic of Conquest", p. 8. "The Armenian king saw an alliance with the Mongols – or, more accurately, swift and peaceful subjection to them – as the best course of action."

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that arrived from Egypt. Türkmen Emirate which began to be known as Ramadanids, set the city of Adana as their center of power, and many Türkmen families of Yüreğir origin moved to the city.

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for thousands of years. The natural phenomenon of the grabens is named 'Hell & Heaven' because of the exotic effects on people. Visitors can access the cave of the mythological giant

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considers it plausible that populations from the Troad might have migrated to the southeast into the region which later became Cilicia during the drastic changes which formed part of the

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Although no later Persian empire ever regained control of Cilicia, one Seleucid officer named Aribazus and attested as administrator of Cilicia in 246 BC was possibly of Persian descent.

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tariqa expansionism of the 13th century. Yüreğir Turks moved to Cilicia in the late 14th century, and had a distinct culture that influenced from Bektashi traditions which accompanied

2593:. Through their complex alliances with the Crusader states, the Armenian barons and kings often invited Crusaders to maintain castles in and along the borders of the Kingdom, including 2515:

in 965. From this period onward, the area increasingly came to be settled by Armenians, especially as Imperial rule pushed deeper into the Caucasus over the course of the 11th century.

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species living in it together with other species of plants and animals. 250 species of birds are observed during a study in 1990. The conservation area is located 30 km south of

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that arrived in 1348, led nomadic Türkmens to turn their eyes towards unstable Cilicia. In 1352, Ramazan Beg led Turkmens settled south of Çaldağı and founded their first settlement,

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Adana Science High School most important high schools in the Cilicia. In other cities, Anatolian High School and School for Science are the most popular high schools of the city.

1513:. However, it is unknown whether this means that the Cilicians and Lycians were able to resist the Lydian conquest, or whether Croesus did not find any interest in annexing them. 4663:

are also home to regional offices of public institutions. Many industry fairs and congresses are held in the region at venues such as the TÜYAP Congress and Exhibition Centre in

1138:, which led to a power struggle among rival claimants to the throne, eventually leading to the collapse of Hittite supremacy, Cilicia appeared to have regained its independence. 8829: 1587:

Syennesis II was succeeded by one Xeinagoras of Halicarnassus, who had no previous ties to Cilicia and was appointed as satrap of Cilicia by Xerxes I as reward for his service.

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Cilicia has a well-developed transportation system with two airports, two major seaports, motorways and railway lines on the historical route connecting Europe to Middle East.

5739: 1122:, to try and reduce Cilicia's power in the region. It was soon apparent, however, that increased Hittite power would soon prove Niqmepa's efforts to be futile, as the city of 8970: 6856: 3459:

aristocrats owning estates and villages, and others being priests in the sanctuaries of Cilicia who administered the temple estates, as well as other even lesser officials.

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in December to take over and oversee the repatriation of more than 170,000 Armenians to Cilicia. Returning Armenians negotiated with France to establish an autonomous

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of 1908, empowered the Armenian community and envisioned an autonomous Cilicia. Enraged supporters of Abdulhamid that organized under Cemiyet-i Muhammediye amidst the

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frontier zone. Cilicia were one of the last regions of Anatolia to fall under Turkish rule, and were part of the Seljuqs for a short time, thus were not effected from

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and Simon Payaslian. UCLA Armenian History and Culture Series: Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, 7. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 2008, pp. 351–353.

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The temple estates persisted through the Achaemenid period, implying that their existence was not perceived as detrimental to the authority of the satrap of Cilicia.

2714:(r. 1316–1335), and thus could not support the Armenian Kingdom in guarding Cilicia. Internal conflicts within the Armenian Kingdom and the devastation caused by the 3076: 3313:

who had settled in this region in the 2nd millennium BC, and Cilicia itself had become an important centre of Luwian settlement in Anatolia in the aftermath of the

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Reflecting the diversity of Cilicia in the Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid periods, various deities of different origins have been attested there in antiquity:

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through an appointed Provincial governor. Provinces are then divided into districts governed by the District Governors who are under the provincial governors.

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ended the Ramadanid administration of Adana sanjak in 1608, ruling it directly from Constantinople then after. The autonomous sanjak was then split from the

2460: 6160:. The connection (if any) between this Cilicia and the better-known and well-defined region mentioned above is unclear. This Trojan Cilicia is mentioned in 5954:, the project's cost will be 357 million Euro. When finished, it will serve to 15 million people, and the capacity will be doubled in the future. 5223:. The university is one of the well-developed universities of Turkey with many cultural, social and athletic facilities, currently enrolls 40,000 students. 3473:

Cilicia also provided troops to the land and maritime military forces of the Achaemenid Empire, and the satrapy itself acted as an assembly point for them.

2175: 11442: 9720: 7516: 7489: 4838:, has a very high sulphur ratio, making it the second in the world after a thermal spring in India. It is the largest spa in the region and attracts many 6704: 3998: 3945:

Cilicia is heavily populated due to its abundant resources, climate and plain geography. The population of Cilicia as of December 31, 2022 is 6,435,986.

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It prospered for three centuries due to the vast network of fortifications which secured all the major roads as well as the three principal harbours at

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and surrounding areas have the highest average temperature in Cilicia. Mersin also has high annual precipitation (1096mm) and 85 rainy days in a year.

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1 Kings 10:28 - "Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and from Cilicia, where the king's merchants purchased them", noted by Fox 2008:75 note 15.

1013:). The region was divided into two parts, "plain" Cilicia (Uru Adaniya), a well-watered plain, and "rough" Cilicia (Tarza), in the mountainous west. 765:

The climate of Cilicia shows significant differences between the mountains and the lower plains. At the lower plains, the climate reflects a typical

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was a cave on the slopes of Habibi Neccar mountain converted into a church. The church is known as the first Christians' traditional meeting place.

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Plateaus on the Taurus mountains are cooler escapes for the locals who wants to chill out from hot and humid summers of the lower plains. Gözne and

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which acted as an unofficial Cilician Armenian government composed of the four major political parties and three Armenian religious denominations.

100: 9828: 9638:). And: 2., erweiterte Auflage, mit einem Nachwort von Philipp Pilhofer (Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt 60) Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag ( 9185: 9070: 6743: 4681:. There are 45 piers in the port. The total area of the port is 785 square kilometres (194,000 acres), and the capacity is 6,000 ships per year. 2504:). Tarsus, re-built in 787/788, quickly became the largest settlement in the region and the Arabs' most important base in their raids across the 2157:

era, numerous cities were established in Cilicia, which minted coins showing the badges (gods, animals, and objects) associated with each polis.

1466:) by the ancient Greeks, was established in southeastern Anatolia under the rule of a native dynasty, with its capital of Cilicia at the city of 4818:

are the popular high plain resorts of Cilicia which are often crowded in summer. There are a few hotels and camping sites in the Tekir plateau.

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Cilicia remained under efficient administration, and it would continue to provide troops for the Achaemenid wars in Anatolia, Egypt and Cyprus.

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lakes and at Seyhan Reservoir. While not as common as other forms of agriculture, dairy and livestock are also produced throughout the region.

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The earliest known ruler, and possibly the founder, of the kingdom of Cilicia was Syennesis I, who, according to the Ancient Greek historian

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is rapidly developing in the region with the investments around the Ceyhan Oil Terminal. Petroleum refineries are being built in the area.

2643:(r. c. 1100 – 1129), in alliance with the Christian princes of Syria, waged successful wars against the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks. 11841: 10295: 9823: 9741: 9471: 8438: 8407: 5165:

pine, oaks and sandalwood. The mountain is also home to foxes, rabbits, partridges and stock doves. Nature reserve is 10 km east of

2294:, whose army included Cilician soldiers. After Valerian's defeat, the Sasanian forces burnt and sacked several cities in Syria, Cilicia ( 984: 9750: 8906: 8877: 8175: 7050: 9830: 9816: 9815: 9792: 9791: 9617: 8974: 9824: 9787: 9759: 9746: 9163: 9049: 9024: 8999: 8833: 7045: 12477: 9765: 9323:

The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire

9088: 7144:(Volume 102 of Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse.Denkschriften) Böhlau in Komm., Vienna, 3093:

The French forces were spread too thinly in the region and, as they came under withering attacks by Muslim elements both opposed and

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WRIGHT, N.L. 2012: "The house of Tarkondimotos: a late Hellenistic dynasty between Rome and the East." Anatolian Studies 62: 69-88.

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coasts are home to cottages with a bird conservatory between the two areas. Arsuz is a seaside resort that is mostly frequented by

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is a state university founded in 1973 with the union of the faculties of Agriculture and Medicine.. Main campus is in the city of

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with snowy winters. The average annual precipitation in the region is 647mm and the average number of rainy days in a year is 76.

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is mostly farmland. This area is zoned for resort tourism and is expected to have a rapid development within the next 20 years.

2866:. Living together and having cultural exchange with the large Armenian community, Yüreğir Turks flourished a laid back culture. 12472: 8695: 8282:

Moumjian, Garabet K. "Cilicia Under French Administration: Armenian Aspirations, Turkish Resistance, and French Stratagems" in

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Prof. Dr. Yılmaz KURT, "Ramazanoğulları’nın Sonu: Adana’da Çemşid Bey İsyȃnı (1606-1607)", Tarihin İçinden, Ankara Üniversitesi

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Adana had the infrastructure it needed by the second half of the 19th century to become major center of Southeastern Anatolia.

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In the Hellenistic period, the Cilician temple estates adopted Greek culture under the influence of Seleucid administration:

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Das frühe Christentum im kilikisch-isaurischen Bergland. Die Christen der Kalykadnos-Region in den ersten fünf Jahrhunderten

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town and has a serene environment. Thermal springs are a hot spot for people with rheumatism. Kurttepe, Alihocalı and Ilıca

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established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the

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to the west was a mountainous region characterised by rough terrain, corresponding to the Neo-Assyrian period territory of

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The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century

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The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.

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The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.

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The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.

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s to put down their arms. Both the Armenian delegation, and later, the inhabitants of Zeitun, were left with no choice.

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and began enrollment in 2009. The university has 3 faculties and a vocational school at the main campus in the city of

5080: 4979:, a fort on a small island across Kızkalesi township, was built during the early 12th century by Armenian kings of the 3984: 2566:

invasions of Armenia were followed by an exodus of Armenians migrating westward into the Byzantine Empire, and in 1080

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who had fled to Cilicia from the northwest to organise new resistance there defended it against the Macedonian forces.

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abolished the autonomy of Cilicia in reaction to the local Cilician ruler Syennesis III's support for the rebellion of

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Oil Terminal is a marine transport terminal for Batman-Dörtyol oil pipeline which started operating in 1967 to market

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is the commercial centre of the region where many of the public and private institutions have their regional offices.

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Cilicia is well known for the vast fertile land and highly productive agriculture. The region is also industrialized;

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that attracts tourists. Cilicia tourism is mostly cottage tourism serving the Cilicia locals as well as residents of

3144: 3122: 3114: 2327: 2323: 835: 17: 9745: 6716: 6114: 5830: 5276:. University was founded in 1992, currently has 9 faculties, 4 colleges and 7 vocational schools. Main campus is in 4491:

is the only sub-tropical area of Turkey where bananas, mango, kiwi and other sub-tropical produce can be harvested.

3143:

by the French Administration. Later in 1922, roughly 10,000 Greeks were erforced to move to Greece by the policy of

3133:, and French troops together with the remaining Armenian volunteers withdrew from the region in early January 1922. 2026: 922:. It is 509 km long and it forms the Akyayan, Akyatan, and Kakarat lakes before flowing into the Mediterranean. 817: 519:

to the east was a fertile region defined by a smooth terrain, corresponding to the Neo-Assyrian period territory of

12492: 11885: 9462: 2624: 1574: 715: 688: 587: 10287: 9796: 8229: 3517:

the chief priest of the temple of Artemis Perasia at Castabala was also a dynast who became culturally Hellenised.

405:), which was the name used by the Neo-Assyrian Empire to designate the western part of what would become Cilicia. 12266: 12182: 11834: 11389: 10640: 9992: 9751: 9270: 5991: 5596: 9780: 1542:

Under early Achaemenid rule, Cilicia maintained a significant degree of autonomy and the native rulers acted as

12032: 11869: 11862: 10708: 10632: 10621: 9806: 9790: 8720: 6110: 5826: 5365: 5288: 5084: 4897:, the region is home to numerous landmarks that are important for people of faith. Tarsus is the birthplace of 4698: 4629:. Textile, leather tanning and food processing plants are plentiful. İsdemir is a large steel plant located in 1566: 813: 669: 568: 414:

is the same as the Latin, as it was transliterated directly from the Greek form Κιλικία. The palatalization of

9775: 9764: 9747: 9598:(Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur, vol. 184). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter ( 5486: 12467: 10775: 10409: 9779: 9749: 9683: 6763: 6561: 6515: 6463: 6408: 6363: 4013: 3889: 2070: 1456: 874:

are the lakes of the region. The reservoirs in the region are Seyhan, Çatalan, Yedigöze, Kozan and Mehmetli.

650: 549: 9802: 9074: 5873:

is an international airport that have flights to European destinations. There are daily domestic flights to

2054: 12276: 12231: 12226: 11896: 11212: 10318: 10211: 9820: 5894: 5870: 10015: 9781: 9755: 8068:

Nomads, Migrants and Cotton in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Making of the Adana-Mersin Region, 1850-1908

5947: 5728: 4487:

harvest and is a major producer of fruits and vegetables. Half of Turkey's citrus export is from Cilicia.

3480:

that its administration was of the necessary competence to generate a revenue that was more than trivial.

3129:

that was signed on 20 October 1921. Based on the terms of the agreement, France recognized the end of the

1235: 1067:

wrested control from the Hitties, and Cilicia was free for two centuries. The first king of free Cilicia,

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Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia: The Armenian Contribution to Military Architecture in the Middle Ages

7334:

Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia: The Armenian Contribution to Military Architecture in the Middle Ages

5094: 3367: 2941: 2733:

Yüreğir Türkmens lived as a small community for 7 years in southeast of Adana, and named their new land,

2575: 2559: 2535: 2129: 9821: 9776: 9760: 9748: 9742: 7786:

Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, eds., G.W. Bowersock, Peter Brown, & Oleg Grabar

2125:. This good fortune allowed Alexander and his army to pass unharmed through the Gates and into Cilicia. 11827: 11729: 11711: 10196: 9782: 9457: 9189: 7834: 6674:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" 4911:

is another destination for the spiritual world, where, according to the New Testament the followers of

3029: 2816:. Alaeddin Bey and Ibrahim Bey together tried to break the Mameluks' might in the province. After this 9814: 9807: 9788: 8258: 5497: 1110:, in which Idrimi mentions that he had assaulted several military targets throughout Eastern Cilicia. 12049: 11808: 10892: 10834: 10645: 10119: 9773: 9772: 9768: 9763: 9754: 4739:

While the region has a long coastline, international tourism is not at the level of the neighbouring

3224:

Ancient Cilicia features in Greek mythology as a place whose name is derived from a people named the

3094: 2753:; but he and his successors alienated the native Armenians by attempting to make them conform to the 2750: 2711: 2644: 2574:, founded in the heart of the Cilician Taurus a small principality which gradually expanded into the 2219: 9783: 4767:, high-rise and low-rise cottages line the coast, leaving almost no vacant land. The coastline from 2836:, though they were an entity under Mamluks. The Ramadanids played an important role in 15th century 12517: 12457: 12345: 12261: 11232: 11217: 11041: 10770: 10717: 10713: 10675: 10607: 10428: 10256: 10246: 10129: 10094: 10074: 10054: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9593: 6106: 6095: 6011: 5822: 5811: 5268: 3314: 3245: 3212:

in 1942, which caused them to leave Cilicia, selling their properties for peanuts to families like

3183:

in 1921 with the signing of the Treaty of Ankara. On 15 April 1923, just before the signing of the

2987: 2841: 2388: 2166: 1546:(governors) for the Achaemenid administration, with their authority extending until as far west as 1145:

overran Cilicia. The Hurrians that resided there deserted the area and moved northeast towards the

809: 798: 498: 255: 132: 9762: 9761: 9753: 8471: 8373: 7094: 6944: 4124: 3411:), itself derived from the name of their founding king Syennesis I, which was derived from Luwian 2952: 12426: 12350: 11979: 11928: 11913: 11036: 10983: 10920: 10760: 10750: 10579: 10549: 10201: 10186: 10124: 10039: 10029: 9786: 9357: 6099: 5815: 4944: 3126: 3053: 2974: 2476: 2295: 2098:, who was also given authority over Syria as reward for his service in a campaign against Egypt. 1804: 1473:

Cilicia and Cilicians do not appear in any extant list of people ruled by the Achaemenid Empire.

802: 9794: 9537: 8531: 6941:

The Cities of St. Paul Their Influence on His Life and Thought: The cities of Eastern Asia Minor

6876: 4469:

seaports provide transportation of goods manufactured in Central, South and Southeast Anatolia.

1114:, who succeeded Idrimi as king of Alalakh, went so far as to ask for help from a Hurrian rival, 12389: 12365: 12037: 11242: 10569: 10174: 10034: 9984: 9778: 9767: 8159: 6552: 6506: 6454: 6399: 6354: 6293: 5341:. University holds around 2500 students, most of them commuting from Adana, Tarsus and Mersin. 5292:

was founded in 2007 as a state university with the union of colleges and vocational schools in

4702: 4637: 3090:

On May 4, 1920, Armenian people declared the independence of Cilicia under the French mandate.

3068: 2761:, until at last the kingdom, falling prey to internal dissensions, ceded Cilicia Pedias to the 2349:. After the division of the Roman Empire, Cilicia became part of the eastern Roman Empire, the 2215: 2211: 1447: 918:

emerges from the confluence of the Aksu and Hurman rivers and flows towards Cape Hürmüz at the

849: 641: 540: 265: 10276:

Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until

9785: 8499:

A Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography based on the Larger Dictionaries

8435: 8404: 7790: 7784: 5191: 2694:

to the Mongol court in person. The Mongols then assisted with the defence of Cilicia from the

12405: 12384: 12371: 12172: 12006: 11939: 11257: 11026: 10839: 10765: 10358: 10069: 9813: 9801: 9369: 8910: 8881: 8855: 8204: 8198: 8092: 5769: 5744: 5718: 5692: 5666: 5253: 4916: 4874: 3595: 3006: 2944: 2482:

After the division of the Roman Empire, Cilicia became part of the eastern Roman Empire, the

2275:, AD 72. Containing 47 known cities, it had been deemed important enough to be governed by a 2044:, who eventually became the satrap of both Cilicia and Cappadocia until his assassination in 766: 9381: 8502: 7708: 7035:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

5240:, there is Faculty of Technical Education and Applied Technology and Management College. In 4947:" as a result of its longevity and the pivotal role that it played in the emergence of both 3018: 919: 856:

in Turkey. Expansion of limestone formations and fourth-era alluvials brought by the rivers

12421: 12379: 12314: 12241: 12211: 12192: 12167: 12162: 12073: 12054: 12044: 12013: 12000: 11616: 11395: 10912: 10564: 10396: 10366: 10206: 10099: 9679:

Photographs and Plans of the Churches and Fortifications in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

9615:

Engels, David. 2008. "Cicéron comme proconsul en Cilicie et la guerre contre les Parthes",

9578:

Siedlungskammer Kilikien. Studien zur Kultur- und Landschaftsgeschichte des Ebenen Kilikien

9433:

Houwink ten Cate, Ph. H. J. (1961). "The Compound Luwian Names of the Hellenistic Period".

8296: 5573: 5552: 5526: 5502: 5476: 5450: 5427: 5401: 5333:

is a not-for-profit tuition based university founded in 1997. It is located on midway from

4719:

oil. The pipeline is 511 km long and has an annual capacity of 3.5 million tons.

3758: 3467: 3118: 2997:

A thriving regional economy, the doubling of Cilician Armenian population due to flee from

2758: 2719: 2691: 2602: 2369: 2195: 9092: 6712: 5591: 3619: 8: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12256: 12246: 12236: 12197: 12187: 12146: 12103: 12079: 12059: 11933: 11401: 11356: 11174: 11164: 10826: 10655: 10602: 10597: 10370: 10104: 10079: 9729: 9625: 8860: 7732: 7283: 7231: 7205: 6816: 6210: 5329: 5178: 4948: 3443: 3098: 3060: 2683: 2656: 2640: 2452: 2354: 2106: 1647:

Cilicia was located in the western part of the Achaemenid Empire, in south-east Anatolia.

1171:

During the early and middle of the Iron Age, Cilicia was dominated by two main polities:

1080: 1036: 154: 8949: 8645: 7880:

The Eerdmans Encyclopedia of Early Christian Art and Archaeology, ed., Paul Corby Finney

7406:

Hellenistic & Roman Settlement Patterns in the Plain of Issus & the Amanus Range

6673: 4601:

reserves are very rich in Cilicia. The region is home to four lime manufacturing plants.

3918:

As a result of the strong impact of 200 years of rule by the Persian Achaemenid Empire,

3067:, ceded the control of Cilicia to France. French Government sent four battalions of the 1642: 12360: 12355: 12324: 12319: 12284: 12251: 12221: 12216: 12118: 12108: 12098: 11503: 11252: 11227: 11134: 11109: 10998: 10882: 10732: 10544: 10341: 10191: 10149: 10144: 9808: 9434: 8524: 7967: 7959: 7897: 7808: 7470: 7409: 6768: 5702: 5248:, university has colleges and vocational schools. There are also vocational schools in 4952: 3184: 3164: 2998: 2978: 2567: 2448: 2318:; with Isauria and the Syrian, Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Libyan provinces, formed the 2291: 989: 9532: 9436:

The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera During the Hellenistic Period

5364:

is the most popular sport in Cilicia, professionally represented at all levels of the

5305: 3774: 3668: 2912:

in a hereditary manner until 1608, with the area serving as a vassal of the Ottomans.

12462: 12294: 12289: 12177: 12113: 11985: 11850: 11802: 11664: 11379: 11086: 11076: 11071: 10975: 10945: 10742: 10592: 10483: 10473: 10448: 10443: 10236: 10231: 10159: 10154: 9639: 9631: 9599: 9581: 9419: 9385: 9373: 9338: 9278: 9253: 8575: 8535: 8506: 8482: 8446: 8415: 8384: 8208: 8098: 8071: 8037: 7990: 7989:. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 3–288. 7971: 7951: 7883: 7794: 7763: 7712: 7522: 7495: 7462: 7377: 7337: 7191: 7145: 7125: 7105: 6968: 6948: 6622: 6060: 5906: 5531: 5507: 5481: 5460: 5411: 5293: 5227: 4932: 4811: 4330: 4246: 4160: 3737: 3535: 3033: 3010: 2881: 2877: 2833: 2817: 2664: 2495: 2404: 2338: 2319: 2250: 2170: 2140: 2022: 1979: 1605: 1525: 1521:

In the mid-6th century BC, the kingdom of Cilicia supported the founding king of the

1408: 1088: 1010: 458: 438: 370: 346: 298: 169: 9688: 9661: 8699: 7163:

Rife, Joseph L. (2002) "Officials of the Roman Provinces in Xenophon's "Ephesiaca""

6879:. Imperial Administrative Records, Part II: Provincial and Military Administration. 6859:. Imperial Administrative Records, Part II: Provincial and Military Administration. 4870: 3345:

coins minted at Soli and Tarsus of Persian, modified Persian, and non-Persian types;

3338:

Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid Cilicia was culturally very diverse, as attested by:

3213: 3209: 2805:

and a Garrison for each. Tarsus, the former capital of Cilicia, were settled by the

2249:

was able to take advantage of the weakness of the Roman Republic to invade Cilicia (

12452: 11953: 11917: 11585: 11452: 11315: 11310: 11267: 11222: 11129: 10874: 10864: 10854: 10802: 10539: 10531: 10317: 10164: 10134: 9554: 9483: 9448: 8931: 8090: 7943: 7829: 7701: 6983: 6642: 6201: 5754: 5676: 5578: 5557: 5455: 5345: 4898: 4740: 3968: 3955:

is the most urbanized province, with most of the population centred in the city of

3447: 3022: 2915: 2829: 2777: 2746: 2648: 2505: 2483: 2412: 2350: 2233: 2226:, 64 BC, into a province which, for a short time, extended to and included part of 2187: 1562: 1146: 943: 929: 905: 606: 454: 354: 312: 286: 5471: 4427: 3856: 3704: 1134:

under the Hittites, becoming the last king of ancient Cilicia. After the death of

12482: 11960: 11717: 11640: 11485: 11473: 11295: 11285: 11192: 11144: 11099: 11018: 10940: 10925: 10844: 10587: 10491: 10463: 10438: 10420: 10049: 9968: 9908: 9840: 9668: 9403: 9318: 9207: 9142: 8816: 8809: 8478: 8442: 8411: 8380: 7739: 7257: 7101: 7076:

Sayce, A. H. (October 1922) "The Decipherment of the Hittite Hieroglyphic Texts"

6836: 6738: 6572: 6526: 6502: 6319: 6268: 6236: 6145: 6068: 5971: 5936: 5898: 5628: 5396: 4851: 4827: 4799: 4795: 4716: 4398: 4364: 4212: 4105: 3960: 3630: 3626: 3574: 3527: 3500: 3080: 2813: 2444: 2334: 2283: 2268: 2246: 1633: 1529: 1491: 494: 362: 161: 8673: 6796: 4732: 3783: 3729: 2781:

During the Ramadanid era, Cilicia was a buffer state between two Islamic powers.

2040:

was appointed as satrap of Cilicia. Camisares was himself succeeded by his son,

1509:

were the only peoples of Anatolia who had not been conquered by the Lydian king

349:. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the 11784: 11420: 11305: 11300: 11290: 11237: 11182: 10993: 10887: 10859: 10849: 10727: 10516: 10511: 10468: 10458: 10381:

and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.

10139: 10059: 9580:. Schriften zur Vorderasiatischen Archäologie Bd. 16. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. 9389: 9377: 9330: 9252:. Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 283-290. 8144:(in Armenian), Beirut: Union of Armenian Compatriots of Adana, pp. 211–272 7413: 6630: 6177: 6003: 5940: 5912: 5902: 5338: 5273: 5237: 5105: 4902: 4855: 4815: 4803: 4618: 4592: 4432: 4416: 4382: 4314: 4296: 4280: 4262: 4228: 4207: 4194: 4178: 4129: 4089: 4071: 3964: 3952: 3910:

wearing Persian clothes, possibly resulting from an identification of him with

3852: 3791: 3651: 3539: 3531: 3014: 3002: 2991: 2926: 2837: 2786: 2754: 2610: 2400: 2373: 2203: 2122: 2079: 1891: 1712: 1655: 1467: 1249: 933: 909: 867: 853: 750: 661: 560: 486: 470: 462: 374: 366: 237: 173: 165: 9487: 9228: 8322: 5044:, an ancient city located in northernmost Cilicia, some 200 km. north of 4858:, are popular for toxic cleansing. Ottoman Palace Thermal Resort & Spa in 4607:

resources are the richest in Turkey. 14% of country's reserves are in Cilicia.

3643: 3032:

were opened in 1912, connecting the region to Middle East. Over the course of

951: 12441: 12138: 11790: 11628: 11187: 11139: 11104: 11094: 11003: 10703: 10506: 10501: 10453: 10433: 10362: 10346: 10084: 10064: 10044: 9546: 9542: 9479: 9411: 9407: 9361: 7955: 7466: 7041: 7036: 6315: 5920: 5313: 4831: 4450: 4223: 3892:

to the north-east of Tarsus was accompanied by depictions of Semitic deities;

3865: 3828: 3812: 3804: 3700: 3634: 3152: 2983: 2930: 2919: 2850: 2628: 2571: 2555: 2512: 2428: 2383:

Cilicia had numerous Christian communities and is mentioned six times in the

2377: 2264: 2018: 1700: 1681: 1052: 973: 904:

emerges from the confluence of Zamantı and Göksu rivers which originate from

890: 730:

and olives and pasturage for the horses imported into ancient Israel by King

478: 446: 115: 102: 9673: 7882:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 106–108. 7054:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 365–366. 6474: 6423: 6031: 6007: 5281: 5220: 4788: 4780: 4630: 4524: 4507: 4466: 4275: 4114: 3816: 3692: 3379: 3048: 2790: 2785:

In 1359, Mamluk Sultanate Army marched into Cilicia and took over Adana and

2675: 2582: 2475:. Bishops from the various dioceses of Cilicia were well represented at the 2368:, which was used to make tents. Tarsus was also the birthplace of the early 11992: 11796: 11622: 11385: 11202: 11197: 11149: 10935: 10902: 10897: 10722: 10496: 10374: 10109: 9630:(Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt 46). Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag ( 9458:"Ethnic Groups and Language Contact in Lycia (I): the 'Maritime Interface'" 9117: 8774: 8749: 8094:

A Question of Genocide:Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire

8034:

Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91

7731:

For a full list of ancient cities and their coins see asiaminorcoins.com -

7177: 6019: 5512: 5208: 5137: 5076: 5057: 4928: 4912: 4890: 4843: 4544: 4377: 3824: 3708: 3676: 3672: 3241: 3168: 2960: 2938: 2934: 2845: 2812:

After the death of Ramazan Bey, his son Ibrahim Bey made alliance with the

2798: 2766: 2734: 2652: 2408: 2384: 2358: 2346: 1025: 1006: 977: 969: 925: 915: 901: 886: 882: 878: 861: 857: 746: 742: 738: 419: 89: 5432: 5406: 5316:. University employs 107 academicians and enrolled 4000 students in 2009. 5284:. The university employs 708 academicians and 14,439 students as of 2007. 5212: 4554: 3684: 3399:

The rulers of the kingdom of Cilicia styled themselves using the title of

3342:

Aramaic funerary inscriptions and an Aramaic foundation text at Meydancık;

3125:. The treaty did not achieve the intended goals and was replaced with the 1194:

in the west, corresponding to Rough Cilicia, was the state referred to as

1059:), proving they exerted strong control over Cilicia in their battles with 871: 870:, Akyayan, Salt Lake, Seven lakes at Aladağ, and Karstik Dipsiz lake near 12065: 11658: 11408: 11280: 11247: 11159: 11114: 10988: 10930: 10251: 10180: 10114: 9953: 9444: 6419: 6157: 5309: 5083:

for Christians in 1963, and since then a special ceremony takes place on

4936: 4847: 4842:

due to proximity. Haruniye Thermal Spring is located on the banks of the

4706: 4520: 4473:

hosts oil, natural gas terminals as well as refineries and shipbuilders.

4325: 3919: 3762: 3130: 3064: 2855: 2794: 2715: 2618: 2606: 2563: 2271:, was left in the east; but these were finally united to the province by 2154: 2136: 2110: 1381: 1166: 1142: 1115: 1072: 1044: 511: 8510: 7856: 7129: 5951: 4835: 4503: 4257: 4189: 3844: 3832: 2498:, Cilicia was resettled and transformed into a fortified frontier zone ( 1539:, and the Cilician rulers became part of the Achaemenid administration. 1126:

soon fell to the Hittites, threatening all of Cilicia. Soon after, King

707: 350: 11610: 11592: 11275: 11119: 10521: 10350: 10277: 9893: 9415: 7963: 7931: 7474: 6972: 6952: 6193: 5056:. Remaining structures today include the amphitheatre built during the 5049: 3900: 3770: 3720: 3272: 3021:

and caused heavy destruction of Christian neighbourhoods in the entire

2874: 2870: 2590: 2464: 2314: 1736: 1395: 1176: 1162: 1150: 1123: 1099: 1029: 1002: 737:

The plain is watered by the three great rivers, the Cydnus (Tarsus Çay

522: 9698: 6027: 5923:, opened in 2007, is a domestic airport, and currently has flights to 5216: 5200: 5155: 4776: 4772: 4712: 4515: 4511: 4411: 3808: 3688: 3680: 3591: 2990:

was opened in 1886, connecting Cilicia to international ports through

2546: 1565:, Cilicia was used as an assembly point for the military forces which 1016: 11670: 11061: 10950: 10559: 10554: 10169: 9948: 9334: 8795: 8230:"Cilicia Under French Mandate, 1918-1921 - Social and Political Life" 7140:

In general see: Bean, George Ewart and Mitford, Terence Bruce (1970)

7078:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

6680: 6350: 6206: 6181: 5979: 5445: 5422: 5061: 5029: 4968: 4756: 4687:

is used mostly for transfers to Middle East and Southeastern Turkey.

4598: 4582: 3716: 3400: 3371: 3225: 3160: 3136: 3104: 2937:. A governor was appointed to administer the province. In late 1832, 2859: 2762: 2707: 2598: 2440: 2432: 2309: 2276: 2272: 2238: 2144: 2037: 1829: 1487: 1477: 1223: 1201: 1186: 1135: 1076: 1068: 1048: 701: 622: 600: 442: 228: 11819: 9503: 8724: 7987:

The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII

7947: 6084: 5963: 5800: 5257: 3599: 3013:, led to a series of anti-Armenian pogroms in 14–27 April 1909. The 2511:

The Muslims held the country until it was reoccupied by the Emperor

1558:

repressive measures against these inhabitants of the hilly regions.

1490:, mediated in 585 BC the peace treaty which followed the end of the 1483:

name for all the Luwian populations of eastern Anatolia is unknown.

1083:. Another record of Hittite origins, a treaty between Išputahšu and 787: 621:

and was covered in ancient times by forests that supplied timber to

12203: 11748: 11723: 11646: 11604: 11407: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by 11154: 11124: 11046: 10755: 10670: 10378: 9928: 9888: 9872: 9296: 9294: 6217:

dwelt before he withstood the gods and was stricken and charred by

6189: 5924: 5874: 5297: 5145: 5141: 5053: 4980: 4674: 4588: 4550: 4241: 3967:, owing to its long and narrow stretch of flat land in between the 3896: 3766: 3742: 3622: 3288: 3159:. From 1920s, around 60 percent of the Cilician Armenians moved to 2966: 2825: 2660: 2342: 2287: 2147:, who, however, never held effectually more than the eastern half. 2118: 1674: 1581: 1547: 1522: 1505:

Herodotus of Halicarnassus also claimed that the Cilicians and the

1195: 1180: 1084: 1064: 711: 682: 581: 520: 509: 392: 342: 294: 8154:

See Raymond H. Kévorkian, "The Cilician Massacres, April 1909" in

7518:

Travelling Heroes: Greeks and their myths in the epic age of Homer

7491:

Sustainable Land Management: Learning from the Past for the Future

6188:

and Chryseis). These three cities were all attacked and sacked by

5995: 5882: 5187:

The region is home to five state and two foundation universities.

4678: 4499: 4495: 3208:

Remaining Jews and Christians were hit by the heavy burden of the

3163:. An informal census of 1941 revealed that, 70 percent of all the 2179:

The Roman provinces of Asia Minor under Trajan, including Cilicia.

939: 894: 618: 461:, and which are pierced by a narrow gorge called in antiquity the 11766: 11705: 11699: 11693: 11676: 11652: 11575: 11569: 11533: 11527: 11467: 11351: 11207: 11066: 11008: 10771:

Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)

10665: 10660: 10650: 10226: 9963: 9958: 9923: 9913: 8698:. Republic of Turkey Privatization Administration. Archived from 6576: 6530: 6450: 6395: 6323: 6272: 6240: 6185: 6035: 5999: 5967: 5962:

There are daily seabus and vehicle-passenger ferry services from

5932: 5890: 5886: 5301: 5277: 5245: 5241: 5166: 5072: 4994: 4990: 4940: 4924: 4920: 4908: 4886: 4878: 4859: 4784: 4760: 4752: 4744: 4660: 4494:

Cilicia is the second largest honey producer in Turkey after the

4343: 4173: 4155: 4119: 4100: 3836: 3796: 3754: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3503: 3418: 3412: 3310: 3201: 3197: 3188: 3148: 3140: 2893: 2687: 2636: 2632: 2586: 2500: 2456: 2420: 2227: 2114: 2113:

in the summer of 333 BC, ending up on the border of southeastern

2095: 2083: 2075: 2059: 2041: 1873: 1854: 1601: 1510: 1506: 1256: 1119: 1111: 1107: 1095: 1021: 947: 731: 214: 31: 10014: 9612:, No. 282/283, Symposium: Chalcolithic Cyprus. pp. 167–175. 9291: 8091:

Ronald Grigor Suny; Fatma Muge Gocek; Norman M. Naimark (2011).

7488:

Kapur, Selim; Eswaran, Hari; Blum, Winfried E. H. (2010-10-27).

2322:(in the late 4th century the African component was split off as 2135:

After Alexander's death it was long a battleground of the rival

1141:

In the 13th century BC a major population shift occurred as the

757:(Adanija) on the Sarus, and Mopsuestia (Missis) on the Pyramus. 11778: 11634: 11598: 11563: 11521: 11491: 11479: 11361: 10241: 10221: 10216: 9883: 9440: 9326: 8626: 6214: 6169: 6064: 6039: 5975: 5928: 5878: 5361: 5350: 5249: 5233: 5204: 5022: 5012: 4998: 4989:, situated on a large hill north of Narlıkuyu, consists of the 4983:

dynasty to defend the city of Korykos (present-day Kızkalesi).

4807: 4768: 4764: 4748: 4656: 4641: 4626: 4604: 4564: 4560: 4488: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4359: 4348: 4309: 4144: 4139: 4076: 3934: 3926:

were still present at Tarsus and in the rest of Cilicia in the

3911: 3907: 3750: 3696: 3664: 3587: 3579: 3543: 3383: 3264: 3252: 3180: 3156: 2905: 2695: 2679:

Ethnic map of Cilicia and vicinity at the thirteenth century AD

2614: 2594: 2519: 2223: 2199: 2191: 2087: 2063: 2004: 1747: 1543: 1433: 1131: 1103: 1056: 771: 727: 723: 614: 290: 233: 137: 9739: 9506:[Syennesis: Personal Name, not a Luwian Royal Title]. 9395:

Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie

8572:

Diasporas of the Modern Middle East: Contextualising Community

8470:(3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 8372:(3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 7789:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 7093:(3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 4905:, holy to Christians and Muslims, is located north of Tarsus. 11760: 11754: 11742: 11736: 11581: 11557: 11515: 11509: 11497: 11056: 11051: 11031: 9973: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9918: 9898: 6161: 6153: 6023: 6015: 5334: 5196: 5127: 5110: 5045: 5035: 5006: 4894: 4839: 4664: 4652: 4622: 4568: 4454: 4291: 4084: 4066: 3956: 3848: 3840: 3820: 3656: 3509: 3494: 3406: 3375: 3284: 3276: 3256: 3237: 3231: 3192: 3083:, the chief negotiator for Armenians, signed the provisional 3017:

resulted in the deaths of roughly 25,000 Armenians, orphaned

2948: 2909: 2863: 2806: 2726:

and was licensed by the Sultan to establish the new frontier

2723: 2472: 2424: 1724: 1577:

used to campaign against both the Asian and European Greeks.

1570: 1499: 1495: 1446:

In the 6th century BC, an independent state, called Cilicia (

1217: 1060: 848:

The mountains of Cilicia are formed from ancient limestones,

754: 626: 610: 450: 386: 147: 59: 9678: 4727: 3526:

Modern Cilicia is split into four administrative provinces:

2647:(Leo the Great (r. 1187–1219)), extended the kingdom beyond 1043:

There exists evidence that circa 1650 BC both Hittite kings

497:, the city on the east coast of Cyprus, was included in the 12448:

States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC

7310:

The modern plain has added cotton fields and orange groves.

6566: 6520: 6468: 6413: 6368: 6218: 5994:

motorways crosses Cilicia. Motorways of Cilicia extends to

4578: 4574: 4540: 4536: 3923: 3712: 2802: 2698:

of Egypt, until the Mongols themselves converted to Islam.

1461: 655: 554: 398: 333: 10365:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of 8948:. Çukurova Touristic Hoteliers Association. Archived from 8119:"106. yıldönümünde Adana Katliamı'nın ardındaki gerçekler" 6152:, as a small region situated immediately southeast of the 2986:, after the re-structuring in the Ottoman Administration. 2896:

incorporated the beylik into the Ottoman Empire after his

988:

Probable captives from Cilicia, on the Nasiriyah stele of

706:), to the east, included the rugged spurs of Taurus and a 330: 11772: 9656: 8646:"District Populations of Adana,Mersin,Hatay and Osmaniye" 7609: 7607: 5261: 4393: 3603: 3542:. Each province is governed by the Central Government in 2901: 946:

and flows into the Mediterranean 16 km southeast of

864:

formed the plains of the region over the course of time.

327: 318: 9657:

Ancient Cilicia - texts, photographs, maps, inscriptions

9504:"Syennesis: Personenname, kein luwischer Herrschertitel" 8616: 8614: 8612: 8610: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7592: 7580: 7568: 7546:. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 111–112. 7453:

McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele".

5349:

is a not-for-profit tuition based university located in

5097:

resided here atop a 20-meter stone column for 45 years.

2128:

During Alexander III's invasion, a lesser officer named

1087:, king of the Hittites, is recorded in both Hittite and 8597: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8553: 8551: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7622: 6923: 6921: 4885:

Lying at a crossroads of three major religions, namely

3417:, which was itself the genitival adjective of the term 2353:. Cilicia was one of the most important regions of the 345:, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the 9627:

Romanisierung in Kilikien? Das Zeugnis der Inschriften

7604: 7189:

Wainwright, G. A. (April 1956) "Caphtor - Cappadocia"

7120:

Toynbee, Arnold Joseph and Myers, Edward DeLos (1961)

7058: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6059:

Cilicia was one of the most important regions for the

2801:

at the four corners of Cilicia plain and appointed an

2376:, likely writer of 13 of the 27 books included in the 1516: 10801: 9610:

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

8607: 8200:

Judgment Unto Truth: Witnessing the Armenian Genocide

7878:

Edwards, Robert W., "Architecture: Cilician" (2016).

7361:. Philadelphia, PA: E.H. Butler & Co. p. 36. 5353:. The university started enrolling students in 2010. 3259:, but the historic founder of the dynasty that ruled 2955:

that was signed on 14 May 1833, ceded Cilicia to the

2904:

of Ramadanids held the administration of the Ottoman

2655:. He assisted the Crusaders, was crowned King by the 2218:

acting as its first governor, foiling an invasion of

1179:, corresponding to Plain Cilicia, and referred to as 415: 409: 315: 8588: 8548: 7619: 7124:

Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, page 668,

4644:

is also expected to host the shipbuilding industry.

2933:

and established as a new province under the name of

2529: 2210:

became Roman territory in 103 BC first conquered by

1918:• Macedonian conquest of the Achaemenid Empire 714:(who passed through with his mercenary group of the 429:) accounts for its modern pronunciation in English. 324: 6898: 4862:is one of Turkey's top resorts for revitalization. 2542:

List of monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

504:Cilicia consisted of two main contrasting regions: 321: 10395: 9870: 8523: 7932:"Initial Byzantine Reactions to the Arab Conquest" 7700: 5199:, and the College of Tourism Administration is in 2749:died (1342), John of Lusignan was crowned king as 1569:used to campaign in Europe as well as those which 9048:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 9023:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 8998:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 8973:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 8832:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 4830:. Hamamat Thermal Spring, located on midway from 2139:monarchs and kingdoms, and for a time fell under 1561:During the reign of the Achaemenid king of kings 12439: 11450: 9432: 9300: 9275:The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 9248:Bournoutian, Ani Atamian. "Cilician Armenia" in 9204:"Toros Üniversitesi'ne rektör atandı. (Turkish)" 8632: 7487: 6213:), where the earth-born, hundred-headed monster 2143:dominion (i.e., Egypt), but finally came to the 972:: 5800 BC; Middle Chalcolithic (correlated with 710:, with rich loamy soil, known to Greeks such as 9694:Armenian Genocide Map's - Map of Kilikia (1909) 9508:Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires 8203:. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. pp. 5100: 3906:another Cilician coin depicted the Semitic god 9277:. Frankfurt: Textor Verlag. pp. 465–467. 8810:A guide to biblical sites in Greece and Turkey 7371: 7331: 6967:World Publishing Company, New York, page 148, 6788: 6786: 4673:is the third largest seaport in Turkey, after 3121:was signed on 9 March 1921 between France and 3063:that was signed on 30 October 1918 to end the 2345:in the Balkans), the rich bulk of the eastern 2160: 1063:. After the death of Murshili around 1595 BC, 53: 11835: 11436: 11388:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate 10303: 10000: 9856: 9714: 9400:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies 9356:. Texts from Cuneiform Sources. Vol. 5. 8530:. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. p. 8253: 8251: 8249: 8084: 6156:in northwestern Anatolia, facing the Gulf of 4743:. There are a small number of hotels between 3992: 3279:mentions the people of Mopsus, identified as 2479:in 325 and at the later ecumenical councils. 2364:Roman Cilicia exported the goats-hair cloth, 527:and the Graeco-Roman region of Plain Cilicia. 516:and the Graeco-Roman region of Rough Cilicia; 465:. Ancient Cilicia was naturally divided into 453:. North and east of Cilicia stand the rugged 188:38,585.16 km (14,897.81 sq mi) 65: 12488:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey 9242: 8721:"Batman-Dörtyol Petrol Boru Hattı (Turkish)" 8345:"Adana'dan Buenos Aires'e uzun bir yolculuk" 7902:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7849: 7813:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6744:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 4935:. It is the home of Saint Peter, one of the 2333:('the East', also including the dioceses of 2241:, later converted into the city's south gate 954:, including Akgöl Lake and Paradeniz Lagoon. 47: 11411:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536 9684:Pilgrimages to Historic Armenia and Cilicia 9472:Russian State University for the Humanities 9439:. Documenta et Monumenta Orientis Antiqui. 8819:(Oxford University Press US, 2003), pg. 149 8763: 8432:Travelling Heroes: In the Epic Age of Homer 8401:Travelling Heroes: In the Epic Age of Homer 7441:Anatolian Contacts with Chalcolithic Cyprus 6783: 6113:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5829:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5169:and can be accessible by public transport. 3424: 3389: 2550:The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia, 1199–1375. 2357:and can be considered as the birthplace of 1341:• Annexation by the Achaemenid Empire 1326:• Submission to the Achaemenid Empire 816:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 11842: 11828: 11443: 11429: 10310: 10296: 10007: 9993: 9863: 9849: 9721: 9707: 9263: 9116:. Mustafa Kemal University. Archived from 8773:. Kaplıca ve Termal Turizm. Archived from 8748:. Kaplıca ve Termal Turizm. Archived from 8574:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 32. 8246: 7778: 7776: 7435: 7433: 7359:An Ancient Geography, Classical and Sacred 7299:Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer 7262:Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities 7236:The Royal Inscriptions of Babylonia online 7165:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7011: 6705:"81 ilin 2018 yılı GSYH ve büyüme karnesi" 6699: 6697: 6261: 3999: 3985: 3933:, as recorded by the Sasanian high priest 3087:in 1919 to bring new order to the region. 2772: 2202:), and Tarsus was made the capital of the 2117:and Cilicia. He knew well the writings of 2094:In the 340s BC, the satrap of Cilicia was 1641: 1234: 1051:enjoyed the freedom of movement along the 932:and flows into the Mediterranean south of 734:. Many of its high places were fortified. 457:, which separate it from the high central 10345:. Provincial administration reformed and 8738: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8364: 8362: 8196: 8139: 7978: 7494:. Springer Science & Business Media. 7327: 7325: 7198: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6963:Baly, Denis and Tushingham, A. D. (1971) 6767:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 6133:Learn how and when to remove this message 6014:connects Cilicia to Antalya on the west. 5849:Learn how and when to remove this message 5144:Province. The park includes the Karatepe 2884:, took over the rule of Cilicia Thracea. 2686:(r. 1226–1270) made an alliance with the 2312:(c. 297), Cilicia was governed by a 1075:, was recorded as a "great king" in both 836:Learn how and when to remove this message 10319:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces 9530: 8662: 8170: 8168: 7871: 7686: 7356: 7210:The Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online 7040: 6074: 5911: 4967: 4869: 4826:The region is a popular destination for 4726: 3309:The inhabitants of Ancient Cilicia were 3267:, identifiable in Phoenician sources as 3103: 3047: 2914: 2776: 2674: 2545: 2232: 2174: 2069: 2053: 2017:In 401 BC, the Achaemenid king of kings 1020:Fugitive slave treaty between Idrimi of 1015: 983: 617:traders. The district is watered by the 361:). The region includes the provinces of 9728: 9618:Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 9455: 9368: 9351: 9141:. Korkut Ata University. Archived from 8808:Clyde E. Fant, Mitchell Glenn Reddish, 8620: 8097:. Oxford University Press. p. 67. 7984: 7877: 7821: 7782: 7773: 7613: 7430: 7396: 7159: 7157: 7064: 6694: 6042:double roads are other regional roads. 5321:Adana Science and Technology University 4693:is a marine transport terminal for the 3275:who gave his name to an oracle nearby. 3255:Hellene founder in the purely mythical 2757:, and by giving all posts of honour to 2722:. Later that year, Ramazan Beg visited 2489: 2443:and suffragan dioceses for Mopsuestia, 1966: 1094:In the next century, the Cilician king 341:) is a geographical region in southern 14: 12440: 9164:"Adana'ya bilim üniversitesi(Turkish)" 8569: 8455: 8424: 8393: 8359: 8065: 8036:. Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill. 8031: 7783:Edwards, Robert W., "Isauria" (1999). 7452: 7322: 7270:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 7266:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 7244:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 7240:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 7218:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 7214:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6988: 6889:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6885:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6869:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6865:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6849:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6845:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6829:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6825:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6809:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6805:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6801:Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire 6668: 6666: 6209:mentions the Cilician caves (probably 5946:Another under construction airport is 4735:, Erdemli district of Mersin Province) 3890:funerary inscription from Kesecek Köyü 3352: 3294: 2627:(r. 1095 – c. 1100) assisted the 2214:in his campaign against pirates, with 1903:• Cyrus II's conquest of Babylon 609:and, in the Middle Ages, outposts for 11849: 11823: 11424: 11341: 11340: 10800: 10394: 10330: 10291: 9988: 9844: 9702: 9501: 9317: 9269: 8822: 8601: 8557: 8521: 8515: 8227: 8176:"Adana araştırması ve saha çalışması" 8165: 7929: 7598: 7586: 7574: 7541: 6927: 6841:Archival Texts of the Assyrian Empire 6821:Archival Texts of the Assyrian Empire 6496: 5203:. There is an engineering faculty in 5052:. It was an historical centre of the 4958: 3446:and the temple of Artemis Perasia at 3333: 3248:at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. 3174: 2832:. They are often misclassified as an 2101: 2012: 1441: 418:occurring in Western Europe in later 10016:Provinces of the early Roman Empire 9512:Brief and Useful Assyriological News 8111: 8025: 7288:1.2.22, noted the sesame and millet. 7154: 7142:Journeys in Rough Cilicia, 1964–1968 6604: 6229: 6111:adding citations to reliable sources 6078: 5827:adding citations to reliable sources 5794: 5631:are the most popular club of Cilicia 4865: 4709:Gas Pipeline from Samsun to Ceyhan. 4476: 3324: 2824:Ramadanids were the only emirate in 2299: 1240:Kingdom of Cilicia in 6th century BC 1149:, where they settled in the area of 814:adding citations to reliable sources 781: 37:Geographical region in Adana, Turkey 9091:. Mersin University. Archived from 9071:"ÇÜ'de Öğrenci Kayıtları (Turkish)" 9046:"Habibi Neccar Dagi Nature Reserve" 9021:"Tekkoz-Kengerlidüz Nature Reserve" 8867:Takes several minutes to download). 8859:, Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 in 8746:"Hatay Hamamat Kaplıcası (Turkish)" 8259:"Ermeni Kültür Varlıklarıyla Adana" 7698: 7514: 7399:"The Natural Landscape - Hydrology" 6663: 6176:, and contained localities such as 5869:Cilicia is served by two airports. 5060:period, ruins of a church from the 4821: 3963:has a larger rural population than 3366:Significant Christian communities ( 3321:until the early 1st millennium AD. 3251:The Greeks invented for Cilicia an 2086:. Satrap of Cilicia, 361/0-334 BC. 2062:. Satrap of Cilicia, 361/0-334 BC. 1517:Submission to the Achaemenid Empire 48: 24: 9570: 9474:; Institute of Linguistics of the 9354:Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles 8466:Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) 8368:Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) 8321:. bourjhammoud.com. Archived from 7089:Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) 6715:. 25 December 2019. Archived from 5978:port, there are ferry services to 4915:were first called Christians. the 4008:Largest populated areas in Cilicia 3191:(en: immigrants) from Balkans and 2880:emerged after the collapse of the 1098:finalized treaties with both King 1055:(now the Ceyhan River in southern 25: 12529: 11536:(returns to beginning of journey) 9662:Jona Lendering, "Ancient Cilicia" 9650: 8501:(21st edition) J. Murry, London, 7408:(Master of Arts Thesis). Ankara: 6224: 5790: 5280:and Faculty of Engineering is in 5272:is a state university located in 5162:Habibi Neccar Dağı Nature Reserve 5152:Tekköz-Kengerlidüz Nature Reserve 5148:fortress and an open-air museum. 5019:Yılanlı Kale (Castle of Serpents) 4802:, Tekir, Bürücek and Kızıldağ in 4547:-Horzum seam is the major source. 3790: 3736: 3650: 3573: 3287:in the northwestern-most part of 3145:Greco-Turkish population exchange 2887: 2828:that were not a successor of the 2710:lost cohesion after the death of 2570:, a relative of the last king of 2558:, the area was controlled by the 2530:Armenian Cilicia and the Crusades 2439:, with a metropolitan diocese at 2328:pretorian prefecture also called 2237:A Roman-period triumphal arch at 2222:, and the whole was organized by 12478:6th-century BC disestablishments 11895: 10751:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana) 10377:in c. 640–660, although in 10265: 9463:Journal of Language Relationship 9221: 9196: 9178: 9156: 9131: 9106: 9081: 8771:"Haruniye Kaplıcaları (Turkish)" 8347:. Agos Gazetesi. 25 October 2016 8297:"Cilicia in the years 1918–1923" 7827: 7760:A Dictionary of the Roman Empire 7544:The Ancient Near East: A History 7397:Akpinar, Ezgi (September 2004). 7372:Vandekerckhove, Dweezil (2019). 7332:Vandekerckhove, Dweezil (2019). 7195:6(2): pp. 199–210, pages 205–206 7028: 6939:Ramsay, William Mitchell (1908) 6881:State Archives of Assyria Online 6877:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6861:State Archives of Assyria Online 6857:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6837:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6817:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6797:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6083: 5799: 5617: 4963: 4667:and the Mersin Congress Centre. 4611: 4123: 4113: 4070: 4060: 3864: 3782: 3728: 3642: 3151:, at the newly founded Armenian 1984: 1959: 1625: 1413: 1388: 1374: 912:. The river is 560 km long. 877:The major rivers in Cilicia are 786: 632: 531: 311: 82: 10361:established after the death of 9551:Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation 9063: 9038: 9013: 8988: 8963: 8938: 8924: 8899: 8894:mythological giant Typhon cave. 8870: 8847: 8802: 8788: 8713: 8688: 8638: 8563: 8491: 8337: 8311: 8289: 8276: 8221: 8190: 8148: 8133: 8121:. Agos Gazetesi. 4 October 2015 8059: 8050: 8016: 8003: 7923: 7910: 7753: 7744: 7725: 7692: 7559: 7550: 7535: 7508: 7481: 7446: 7390: 7365: 7350: 7313: 7304: 7291: 7276: 7250: 7224: 7183: 7170: 7134: 7114: 7083: 7070: 6583: 6537: 6481: 6430: 6375: 6330: 6302: 6279: 6247: 5134:Karatepe-Aslantaş National Park 4759:and surrounding areas. Between 3940: 3348:Greek and Aramaic inscriptions. 3147:. Cilicia Armenians settled in 3123:Turkish Grand National Assembly 2651:and established the capital at 2526:meaning "Levantine outskirts". 1200:in Neo-Assyrian sources and as 1185:in Neo-Assyrian sources and as 693: 674: 629:. Cilicia lacked large cities. 592: 573: 400: 12503:Historical regions of Anatolia 10709:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium 10633:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy 9206:. Mersin Ajans. Archived from 9139:"Information about University" 9114:"University History (Turkish)" 8932:"Adana Governorship (Turkish)" 8197:Jernazian, Ephraim K. (1990). 7515:Fox, Robin Lane (2008-09-04). 7357:Mitchell, S. Augustus (1860). 6977: 6957: 6933: 6731: 6611: 5939:. Hatay Airport mostly serves 5916:Railway connections of Cilicia 5154:, located 30 km north of 4481: 3483: 3179:The region become part of the 3108:Cilicie palais de gouvernement 3052:French taking over Cilicia as 2508:into Byzantine-held Anatolia. 13: 1: 12473:Former countries in West Asia 10776:Tripolitania (Roman province) 10354: 9231:. Turkish Football Federation 7376:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 17. 7336:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 15. 7301:, 2008:73 and following pages 6656: 6594: 6587: 6541: 6485: 6441: 6434: 6386: 6379: 6334: 6306: 6292:Xeinagoras of Halicarnassus ( 6283: 6251: 5950:, According to the newspaper 4014:Turkish Statistical Institute 3927: 3453: 3139:community were re-settled in 3043: 2635:, and was created knight and 2045: 1907: 1863: 1845: 1838: 1820: 1813: 1795: 1779: 1763: 1612: 1533: 1330: 1315: 1280: 996: 423: 27:Geographical region in Turkey 9576:Rutishauser, Susanne. 2020. 8796:"Acts of the Apostles 11:26" 8526:A Guide to the Ancient World 7859:. World History Encyclopedia 7412:. p. 12. Archived from 7297:Remarked by Robin Lane Fox, 7122:A Study of History, Volume 7 6577: 6567: 6531: 6521: 6475: 6469: 6424: 6414: 6369: 6324: 6273: 6241: 5783: 5759: 5733: 5707: 5681: 5608: 5585: 5564: 5541: 5517: 5491: 5465: 5439: 5416: 5207:, and vocational schools in 5172: 5136:located on the west bank of 5101:Parks and conservation areas 5064:era and Hittite rock-works. 4695:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline 3879: 3860: 3800: 3795: 3778: 3746: 3741: 3724: 3660: 3655: 3638: 3583: 3578: 3504: 3419: 3413: 3401: 3394: 3304: 3226: 3001:, and the end of autocratic 2898:conquest of the Mamluk state 2027:end of the Achaemenid Empire 1580:Under Darius I's successor, 1478: 1462: 1224: 1202: 1196: 1187: 1181: 963: 702: 683: 656: 601: 582: 555: 521: 510: 432: 393: 7: 12498:Geography of Adana Province 11384: Re-established after 10696:Diocese of Annonarian Italy 10331: 9476:Russian Academy of Sciences 9456:Oreshko, Rostyslav (2020). 9364:: J. J. Augustin Publisher. 8971:"Yumurtalık Nature Reserve" 8696:"İskenderun Port Authority" 8434:Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 8403:Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 7985:Edwards, Robert W. (1987). 7930:Kaegi, Walter Emil (1969). 7707:. The Dial Press. pp. 6965:Atlas of the Biblical world 5637:Basketball Clubs in Cilicia 4647: 4523:farms in Akyatan, Akyağan, 3895:one Cilician coin depicted 3874: 3548: 3521: 3368:Antiochian Greek Christians 3075:. The Armenians formed the 2951:, and reached Cilicia. The 2740: 2701: 2576:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 2560:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 2536:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 2308:Under Emperor Diocletian's 2290:defeated the Roman Emperor 2282:In 259 or 250, the Persian 2161:Roman and Byzantine periods 1788:Xeinagoras of Halicarnassus 1634:Standard of Cyrus the Great 1156: 1001:The area had been known as 410: 10: 12534: 11893: 9531:Weiskopf, Michael (1991). 9310: 9186:"Çağ University (Turkish)" 9073:. Haber FX. Archived from 8140:Yeghiayan, Puzant (1970), 7835:World History Encyclopedia 7542:Hallo, William W. (1971). 6943:A.C. Armstrong, New York, 6556: 6510: 6458: 6403: 6358: 6344: 6297: 6054: 6045: 5437:New Hatay Stadium (25000) 5300:and vocational schools in 5176: 5004:The ancient Roman town of 4943:was called "the cradle of 4722: 4699:Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline 4444: 4112: 4059: 3977: 3803: 3749: 3663: 3586: 3510: 3495: 3407: 3299: 3232: 2830:Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate 2670: 2539: 2533: 2254: 2164: 1492:conflict which had opposed 1488:Herodotus of Halicarnassus 1451: 1218: 1206:in Neo-Babylonian sources. 1191:in Neo-Babylonian sources; 1160: 958: 942:river originates from the 777: 760: 692: 673: 645: 591: 572: 544: 501:from 58 BCE until 27 BCE. 437:Cilicia extends along the 399: 387: 249:33xxx, 01xxx, 80xxx, 31xxx 60: 29: 12508:History of Adana Province 12414: 12398: 12338: 12275: 12155: 12091: 12025: 11972: 11904: 11857: 11685: 11543: 11459: 11374: 11357:Quaestura exercitus (536) 11347: 11336: 11266: 11173: 11085: 11017: 10974: 10963: 10911: 10873: 10825: 10814: 10810: 10796: 10741: 10694: 10631: 10620: 10578: 10530: 10482: 10419: 10408: 10404: 10390: 10337: 10326: 10274: 10263: 10025: 9879: 9736: 9624:Pilhofer, Susanne. 2006. 9591:Pilhofer, Philipp. 2018. 9488:10.31826/jlr-2020-181-205 8996:"Aladağlar National Park" 8142:Ատանայի Հայոց Պատմութիւն 7167:138: pp. 93–108 , page 96 6634: 6626: 5948:Çukurova Regional Airport 5729:Adana Atatürk Sports Hall 5372:Football Clubs in Cilicia 5356: 5117:Yumurtalık Nature Reserve 4993:resulting from assoil of 4977:Kizkalesi (Maiden Castle) 4530: 3563:Districts (West to East) 3361: 3219: 3155:town, just north-east of 2988:Adana–Mersin railway line 2767:Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt 2659:, and married one of the 2300: 2000: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1860: 1835: 1810: 1792: 1776: 1760: 1756: 1746: 1742: 1730: 1718: 1706: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1668: 1661: 1651: 1640: 1622: 1611: 1600: 1595: 1476:The Greek designation of 1429: 1353: 1349: 1339: 1324: 1309: 1305: 1297: 1293: 1277: 1273: 1265: 1255: 1245: 1233: 1212: 499:Roman province of Cilicia 449:, which separate it from 282: 274: 264: 254: 244: 227: 213: 205: 197: 192: 184: 179: 153: 143: 131: 96: 81: 74: 54: 42: 11879:Population by urban area 11233:Palaestina III Salutaris 10429:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae 10055:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae 8946:"Akyatan Bird Sanctuary" 8909:. ÇUKTOB. Archived from 8880:. ÇUKTOB. Archived from 8672:. Assale. Archived from 8570:Gorman, Anthony (2015). 7733:ancient coins of Cilicia 7699:Fox, Robin Lane (1974). 7176:See also the history of 7080:4: pp. 537–572, page 554 5897:serves the provinces of 5269:Mustafa Kemal University 3390:Administrative structure 3315:Late Bronze Age collapse 3246:Late Bronze Age collapse 2389:Epistle to the Galatians 2341:, both in Anatolia, and 2167:Cilicia (Roman province) 493:, east of the Limonlu). 30:Not to be confused with 12493:Ancient Greek geography 11400: Placed under the 10761:Mauretania Caesariensis 10580:Diocese of the Britains 10202:Mauretania Caesariensis 8723:. BOTAŞ. Archived from 8522:Grant, Michael (1997). 8430:Fox, Robin Lane (2009) 8399:Fox, Robin Lane (2009) 8178:. Hrant Dink Foundation 8066:Toksöz, Meltem (2010). 7258:"Hume [1] (GN)" 7232:"Hume [1] (GN)" 7051:Encyclopædia Britannica 6262:Achaemenid vassal kings 5985: 5895:Adana Şakirpaşa Airport 5871:Adana Şakirpaşa Airport 5740:Mersin Basketbol Kulübü 5498:Yeni Mersin İdman Yurdu 5124:Aladağlar National Park 3971:and the Mediterranean. 3470:of silver for defence. 3283:(Κίλικες), as from the 3085:Constitution of Cilicia 3077:Armenian National Union 3028:Cilicia section of the 2773:Mamluk and Turkmen rule 2554:During the time of the 2477:First Council of Nicaea 753:(Tarsa) on the Cydnus, 689:Neo-Babylonian Akkadian 588:Neo-Babylonian Akkadian 380: 209:170/km (430/sq mi) 11243:Phoenice II Libanensis 10946:Macedonia II Salutaris 10359:praetorian prefectures 10321:(4th–7th centuries AD) 10175:Hispania Tarraconensis 9871:Historical regions of 9689:WorldStatesmen- Turkey 9372:(1975). "Ḫilakku". In 9352:Grayson, A.K. (1975). 8497:Smith, William (1891) 8228:Moumdjian, Garabed K. 8160:Richard G. Hovannisian 7455:Boston Museum Bulletin 7206:"Que [1] (GN)" 6646: 5957: 5917: 5864: 5714:Adana Basketbol Kulubü 5120:further north freeze. 5079:declared the church a 4973: 4882: 4736: 4638:petrochemical industry 4461:host numerous plants. 3109: 3057: 3030:Berlin–Baghdad railway 2923: 2871:Karamanid Principality 2848:located in the Mamluk 2782: 2690:, sending his brother 2680: 2551: 2524:Ath-Thugur As-Shamiyya 2263:It was reorganized by 2242: 2212:Marcus Antonius Orator 2190:, who were subdued by 2180: 2091: 2067: 1040: 1035:(c. 1480 BC) Ref: 993: 718:,) for its abundance ( 665: 564: 490: 474: 358: 270:$ 43.14 billion (2018) 66: 11863:Population by country 10965:Praetorian prefecture 10840:Noricum mediterraneum 10816:Praetorian prefecture 10766:Mauretania Sitifensis 10661:Picenum Suburbicarium 10622:Praetorian prefecture 10410:Praetorian prefecture 10357: 293. Permanent 9502:Simon, Zsolt (2019). 9301:Houwink ten Cate 1961 8856:Encyclopaedia Biblica 8670:"Türkiye'de Arıcılık" 8633:Houwink ten Cate 1961 8032:Har-El, Shai (1995). 7762:. By Matthew Bunson. 6075:Mythological namesake 5915: 5765:Tosyalı Toyo Osmaniye 5583:Silifke Şehir (4000) 5570:Silifke Belediyespor 5289:Korkut Ata University 5081:"Place of Pilgrimage" 4971: 4917:Church of Saint Peter 4875:Church of Saint Peter 4873: 4730: 4563:resources are around 3107: 3051: 2953:Convention of Kütahya 2918: 2780: 2678: 2549: 2522:Cilicia was known as 2236: 2194:in 67 BC following a 2178: 2073: 2057: 1319: 6th century BC 1130:was forced to accept 1019: 987: 670:Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 569:Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 408:The English spelling 385:The name of Cilicia ( 219:Cilician(s) (English) 12468:Achaemenid satrapies 12330:United Arab Emirates 11396:Diocese of Illyricum 11390:Prefecture of Africa 11145:Galatia II Salutaris 10913:Diocese of Macedonia 10803:Eastern Roman Empire 10565:Mauretania Tingitana 10397:Western Roman Empire 10207:Mauretania Tingitana 10100:Corsica and Sardinia 10040:Africa proconsularis 9538:Encyclopædia Iranica 9418:. pp. 402–403. 9402:]. Vol. 4. 9089:"Student Statistics" 8234:armenian-history.com 8011:Mongols and the West 7857:"History of Cilicia" 7830:"Cilicia Campestris" 6617:Known less often as 6184:and Chryse (home to 6107:improve this section 5823:improve this section 5775:Women's Super League 5750:Women's Super League 5724:Women's Super League 5698:Women's Super League 5672:Women's Super League 5602:Women's Super League 5091:St. Simeon Monastery 4591:mines are mostly in 3240:. The Hittitologist 3119:Cilicia Peace Treaty 2490:Early Islamic period 2397:metropolitan diocese 2370:Christian missionary 2196:Battle of Korakesion 2186:became the haunt of 2036:During the 390s BC, 1102:of the Hittites and 928:originates from the 810:improve this section 745:), and the Pyramus ( 245:Postal code prefixes 206: • Density 12026:Former Soviet Union 11907:Armenian settlement 11402:Quaestura exercitus 11175:Diocese of the East 11165:Pontus Polemoniacus 10827:Diocese of Pannonia 10656:Lucania et Bruttium 10603:Maxima Caesariensis 10598:Flavia Caesariensis 10105:Crete and Cyrenaica 10080:Bithynia and Pontus 9730:History of Anatolia 9621:86, pp. 23–45. 9596:(PDF; 27,4 MB) 8878:"Heaven & Hell" 7703:Alexander the Great 7565:Hallo, pp. 119–120. 7439:Mellink, M.J. 1991. 6764:Oxford Dictionaries 6491: – 333 BC 6211:Cennet and Cehennem 5780:Tosyalı Sports Hall 5537:Burhanettin Kocamaz 5192:Çukurova University 5179:Education in Turkey 5126:, located north of 5069:Church of St. Peter 5011:, near the city of 4972:Kızkalesi (Korykos) 4949:Hellenistic Judaism 4691:Ceyhan Oil Terminal 3899:with an Achaemenid 3550: 3353:Social organisation 3295:Society and culture 3236:) who lived in the 3171:had Adana origins. 3165:Armenian Argentines 3099:Mustafa Kemal Pasha 3061:Armistice of Mudros 2844:relations, being a 2657:Archbishop of Mainz 1311:• Established 1081:Hittite hieroglyphs 908:and flows into the 708:large coastal plain 459:plateau of Anatolia 391:) was derived from 223:Կիլիկյան (Armenian) 221:Kilikyalı (Turkish) 112: / 76:Geographical region 12513:Historical regions 11905:Historic areas of 11504:Antioch of Pisidia 11253:Syria II Salutaris 11110:Armenian Satrapies 10883:Dacia Mediterranea 10805:(395–c. 640) 10733:Venetia et Histria 10641:Apulia et Calabria 10342:Notitia Dignitatum 10192:Lycia et Pamphylia 10170:Hispania Lusitania 10150:Gallia Narbonensis 10145:Gallia Lugdunensis 9667:2014-07-28 at the 9374:Edzard, Dietz-Otto 8815:2022-10-30 at the 8477:2022-10-30 at the 8441:2022-10-30 at the 8410:2022-10-30 at the 8379:2022-10-30 at the 7918:Oriens Christianus 7738:2013-10-31 at the 7601:, p. 309-310. 7589:, p. 583-584. 7577:, p. 165-166. 7410:Bilkent University 7100:2022-10-30 at the 6984:Cilicia Campestris 6719:on 5 February 2020 6578:*Tarḫuntamu(wa)tas 6551:Tarcondimotus II ( 6547: – 31 BC 6532:*Tarḫuntamu(wa)tas 6497:Roman client kings 5918: 5770:Basketball (women) 5745:Basketball (women) 5719:Basketball (women) 5703:Antakya Sport Hall 5693:Basketball (women) 5667:Basketball (women) 5606:Muharrem Gülergin 5366:Football in Turkey 4974: 4959:Places of interest 4953:early Christianity 4883: 4737: 4685:İskenderun Seaport 3549: 3334:Cultural diversity 3185:Treaty of Lausanne 3181:Republic of Turkey 3175:Republic of Turkey 3115:mandate over Syria 3110: 3058: 2999:Hamidian massacres 2979:American Civil War 2945:Muhammad Ali Pasha 2924: 2783: 2681: 2631:on their march to 2552: 2405:suffragan dioceses 2305:) and Cappadocia. 2243: 2181: 2102:Hellenistic period 2092: 2068: 2013:Satrapy of Cilicia 1967:Kingdom of Cilicia 1732:• 336–330 BC 1720:• 338–336 BC 1708:• 358–338 BC 1696:• 405–358 BC 1596:Achaemenid Cilicia 1442:Kingdom of Cilicia 1041: 994: 920:Gulf of İskenderun 666:Cilicia Campestris 491:Cilicia Campestris 260:324, 322, 328, 326 198: • Total 185: • Total 12435: 12434: 12374: 12206: 12141: 12134: 12127: 12082: 12068: 12016: 12009: 11995: 11988: 11963: 11956: 11949: 11942: 11851:Armenian diaspora 11817: 11816: 11418: 11417: 11380:Septem Provinciae 11370: 11369: 11342:Other territories 11332: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11115:Armenia III (536) 11087:Diocese of Pontus 11077:Phrygia Salutaris 11072:Phrygia Pacatiana 10976:Diocese of Thrace 10959: 10958: 10792: 10791: 10788: 10787: 10784: 10783: 10743:Diocese of Africa 10616: 10615: 10484:Diocese of Vienne 10474:Maxima Sequanorum 10386: 10385: 10285: 10284: 10237:Pannonia Superior 10232:Pannonia Inferior 10160:Germania Superior 10155:Germania Inferior 10019: 9982: 9981: 9838: 9837: 9644:978-3-8316-7184-7 9604:978-3-11-057381-7 9586:978-3-447-11397-7 9425:978-3-110-06772-9 9416:Walter de Gruyter 9344:978-0-415-39485-7 9284:978-3-938402-15-3 9052:on August 5, 2012 9027:on August 5, 2012 9002:on August 5, 2012 8451:978-0-679-44431-2 8420:978-0-679-44431-2 8104:978-0-19-979276-4 7889:978-0-8028-9016-0 7528:978-0-14-188986-3 7501:978-3-642-14782-1 7383:978-90-04-41741-0 7343:978-90-04-41741-0 7192:Vetus Testamentum 6605:Explanatory notes 6565: 6519: 6467: 6412: 6367: 6230:Independent kings 6148:mentions another 6143: 6142: 6135: 6061:Ottoman Armenians 6006:on the east, and 5859: 5858: 5851: 5788: 5787: 5653:Venue (capacity) 5613: 5612: 5592:Adana İdman Yurdu 5532:TFF Second League 5508:TFF Second League 5482:TFF Second League 5461:New Adana Stadium 5412:New Adana Stadium 5388:Venue (capacity) 5294:Osmaniye Province 5228:Mersin University 4987:Heaven & Hell 4866:Religious tourism 4854:, all located in 4814:and Soğukoluk in 4812:Osmaniye Province 4731:Yemiskumu Beach ( 4697:(the "BTC"), the 4477:Natural resources 4441: 4440: 3872: 3871: 3811:(Chork Marzban), 3325:Persian influence 3271:, the founder of 3034:Armenian genocide 2882:Anatolian Seljuks 2878:Anatolian beyliks 2665:Kingdom of Cyprus 2496:Abbasid Caliphate 2320:Diocesis Orientis 2171:Cibyrrhaeot Theme 2023:Cyrus the Younger 2010: 2009: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1980:Macedonian Empire 1972: 1971: 1670: • Type 1606:Achaemenid Empire 1526:Achaemenid Empire 1460: 1439: 1438: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1409:Cilicia (satrapy) 1401: 1400: 1011:2nd millennium BC 846: 845: 838: 700: 681: 654: 599: 580: 553: 347:Mediterranean Sea 304: 303: 116:36.985°N 35.120°E 18:Cilicia (satrapy) 16:(Redirected from 12525: 12370: 12202: 12137: 12130: 12123: 12078: 12064: 12012: 12005: 11991: 11984: 11959: 11954:Hidden Armenians 11952: 11945: 11938: 11918:Nagorno-Karabakh 11899: 11844: 11837: 11830: 11821: 11820: 11586:Alexandria Troas 11453:Paul the Apostle 11445: 11438: 11431: 11422: 11421: 11394: Later the 11378: Later the 11338: 11337: 11316:Thebais Inferior 11311:Thebais Superior 11268:Diocese of Egypt 11258:Theodorias (528) 11120:Armenia IV (536) 10972: 10971: 10875:Diocese of Dacia 10865:Valeria ripensis 10823: 10822: 10812: 10811: 10798: 10797: 10681:Tuscia et Umbria 10629: 10628: 10532:Diocese of Spain 10417: 10416: 10406: 10405: 10392: 10391: 10356: 10339:As found in the 10328: 10327: 10312: 10305: 10298: 10289: 10288: 10269: 10165:Hispania Baetica 10135:Gallia Aquitania 10017: 10009: 10002: 9995: 9986: 9985: 9865: 9858: 9851: 9842: 9841: 9723: 9716: 9709: 9700: 9699: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9555:Brill Publishers 9527: 9525: 9523: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9452: 9429: 9382:Röllig, Wolfgang 9376:; Calmeyer, P.; 9365: 9348: 9304: 9298: 9289: 9288: 9267: 9261: 9246: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9188:. Archived from 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9150: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9125: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9032: 9017: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9007: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8928: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8903: 8897: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8874: 8868: 8861:online .pdf file 8851: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8841: 8826: 8820: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8742: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8732: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8676:on April 8, 2022 8666: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8642: 8636: 8630: 8624: 8618: 8605: 8599: 8586: 8585: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8546: 8545: 8529: 8519: 8513: 8495: 8489: 8464: 8453: 8428: 8422: 8397: 8391: 8366: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8319:"Bourj Hammmoud" 8315: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8293: 8287: 8284:Armenian Cilicia 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8263: 8255: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8172: 8163: 8156:Armenian Cilicia 8152: 8146: 8145: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8063: 8057: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8029: 8023: 8020: 8014: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7927: 7921: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7901: 7893: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7828:Mark, Joshua J. 7825: 7819: 7818: 7812: 7804: 7780: 7771: 7757: 7751: 7748: 7742: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7706: 7696: 7690: 7684: 7617: 7611: 7602: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7563: 7557: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7450: 7444: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7418: 7403: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7329: 7320: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7302: 7295: 7289: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7202: 7196: 7187: 7181: 7174: 7168: 7161: 7152: 7138: 7132: 7118: 7112: 7087: 7081: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7025: 6986: 6981: 6975: 6961: 6955: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6896: 6892: 6872: 6852: 6832: 6812: 6790: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6701: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6678: 6670: 6650: 6636: 6628: 6615: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6534: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6427: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6392: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6362: 6360: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6327: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6299: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6244: 6221:'s thunderbolt. 6202:Prometheus Bound 6138: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6118: 6087: 6079: 6012:State road D-400 6002:on the west and 5854: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5834: 5803: 5795: 5755:Edip Buran Arena 5677:Edip Buran Arena 5641: 5640: 5621: 5597:Football (women) 5579:TFF Third League 5558:TFF Third League 5456:TFF First League 5376: 5375: 5346:Toros University 4899:Paul the Apostle 4822:Balneary tourism 4741:Antalya Province 4577:is found around 4553:is found around 4127: 4117: 4074: 4064: 4009: 4001: 3994: 3987: 3975: 3974: 3969:Taurus Mountains 3932: 3929: 3868: 3786: 3732: 3646: 3551: 3513: 3512: 3507: 3498: 3497: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3127:Treaty of Ankara 3073:State of Cilicia 2860:Shamanic rituals 2834:Anatolian beylik 2663:of the Crusader 2506:Taurus Mountains 2484:Byzantine Empire 2387:and once in the 2351:Byzantine Empire 2324:Diocese of Egypt 2304: 2302: 2259: 2257: 2050: 2047: 1988: 1987: 1976: 1975: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1940: 1939: 1912: 1909: 1868: 1865: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1800: 1797: 1784: 1781: 1768: 1765: 1671: 1645: 1629: 1617: 1614: 1593: 1592: 1538: 1535: 1481: 1465: 1455: 1453: 1417: 1416: 1405: 1404: 1392: 1391: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1355: 1354: 1335: 1332: 1320: 1317: 1285: 1282: 1238: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1190: 1184: 1175:in the east was 1147:Taurus Mountains 1028:) and Pillia of 992:, circa 2200 BC. 944:Taurus Mountains 930:Taurus Mountains 906:Kayseri Province 841: 834: 830: 827: 821: 790: 782: 705: 699:romanized: 698: 696: 695: 686: 680:romanized: 679: 677: 676: 659: 649: 647: 604: 598:romanized: 597: 595: 594: 585: 579:romanized: 578: 576: 575: 558: 556:Kilikia Trakheia 548: 546: 526: 515: 455:Taurus Mountains 441:coast east from 428: 425: 413: 404: 403: 402: 396: 390: 389: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 329: 326: 323: 320: 317: 127: 126: 124: 123: 122: 117: 113: 110: 109: 108: 105: 86: 69: 63: 62: 57: 56: 51: 50: 40: 39: 21: 12533: 12532: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12524: 12523: 12522: 12518:Regions of Asia 12458:Ancient Cilicia 12438: 12437: 12436: 12431: 12410: 12394: 12334: 12271: 12232:North Macedonia 12227:The Netherlands 12151: 12087: 12021: 11968: 11961:Western Armenia 11906: 11900: 11891: 11886:Ethnic enclaves 11853: 11848: 11818: 11813: 11681: 11539: 11455: 11449: 11419: 11414: 11366: 11343: 11320: 11296:Augustamnica II 11262: 11169: 11081: 11019:Diocese of Asia 11013: 10966: 10955: 10941:Macedonia Prima 10907: 10869: 10845:Noricum ripense 10817: 10806: 10780: 10737: 10690: 10623: 10612: 10574: 10526: 10492:Alpes Maritimae 10478: 10464:Lugdunensis III 10421:Diocese of Gaul 10411: 10400: 10399:(395–476) 10382: 10349:established by 10333: 10322: 10316: 10286: 10281: 10270: 10261: 10222:Moesia Superior 10217:Moesia Inferior 10050:Alpes Maritimae 10021: 10013: 9983: 9978: 9875: 9869: 9839: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9732: 9727: 9669:Wayback Machine 9653: 9573: 9571:Further reading 9568: 9559: 9557: 9521: 9519: 9492: 9490: 9426: 9404:Berlin, Germany 9345: 9313: 9308: 9307: 9299: 9292: 9285: 9268: 9264: 9247: 9243: 9234: 9232: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9213: 9211: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9184: 9183: 9179: 9169: 9167: 9162: 9161: 9157: 9148: 9146: 9137: 9136: 9132: 9123: 9121: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9098: 9096: 9087: 9086: 9082: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9055: 9053: 9044: 9043: 9039: 9030: 9028: 9019: 9018: 9014: 9005: 9003: 8994: 8993: 8989: 8980: 8978: 8969: 8968: 8964: 8955: 8953: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8930: 8929: 8925: 8916: 8914: 8905: 8904: 8900: 8887: 8885: 8876: 8875: 8871: 8852: 8848: 8839: 8837: 8828: 8827: 8823: 8817:Wayback Machine 8807: 8803: 8794: 8793: 8789: 8780: 8778: 8769: 8768: 8764: 8755: 8753: 8744: 8743: 8739: 8730: 8728: 8719: 8718: 8714: 8705: 8703: 8694: 8693: 8689: 8679: 8677: 8668: 8667: 8663: 8654: 8652: 8644: 8643: 8639: 8631: 8627: 8619: 8608: 8600: 8589: 8582: 8568: 8564: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8520: 8516: 8496: 8492: 8479:Wayback Machine 8465: 8456: 8443:Wayback Machine 8429: 8425: 8412:Wayback Machine 8398: 8394: 8381:Wayback Machine 8367: 8360: 8350: 8348: 8343: 8342: 8338: 8328: 8326: 8317: 8316: 8312: 8302: 8300: 8295: 8294: 8290: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8264:. HDV Yayınları 8261: 8257: 8256: 8247: 8238: 8236: 8226: 8222: 8215: 8195: 8191: 8181: 8179: 8174: 8173: 8166: 8153: 8149: 8138: 8134: 8124: 8122: 8117: 8116: 8112: 8105: 8089: 8085: 8078: 8064: 8060: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8030: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8009:Peter Jackson, 8008: 8004: 7997: 7983: 7979: 7948:10.2307/3162702 7928: 7924: 7915: 7911: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7860: 7855: 7854: 7850: 7840: 7838: 7826: 7822: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7781: 7774: 7758: 7754: 7749: 7745: 7740:Wayback Machine 7730: 7726: 7719: 7697: 7693: 7685: 7620: 7612: 7605: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7573: 7569: 7564: 7560: 7555: 7551: 7540: 7536: 7529: 7513: 7509: 7502: 7486: 7482: 7451: 7447: 7438: 7431: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7401: 7395: 7391: 7384: 7370: 7366: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7330: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7309: 7305: 7296: 7292: 7281: 7277: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7188: 7184: 7175: 7171: 7162: 7155: 7139: 7135: 7119: 7115: 7102:Wayback Machine 7088: 7084: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7044:, ed. (1911). " 7029: 7027: 7026: 6989: 6982: 6978: 6962: 6958: 6938: 6934: 6926: 6899: 6895: 6875: 6855: 6835: 6815: 6795: 6791: 6784: 6774: 6772: 6757: 6749: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6722: 6720: 6703: 6702: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6676: 6672: 6671: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6616: 6612: 6607: 6597: 6590: 6582: 6544: 6536: 6503:Tarcondimotus I 6499: 6488: 6480: 6444: 6437: 6429: 6389: 6382: 6374: 6347: 6337: 6329: 6309: 6301: 6286: 6278: 6264: 6254: 6246: 6232: 6227: 6146:Greek mythology 6139: 6128: 6122: 6119: 6104: 6088: 6077: 6057: 6048: 5988: 5972:Northern Cyprus 5960: 5867: 5855: 5844: 5838: 5835: 5820: 5804: 5793: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5629:Adana Demirspor 5627: 5622: 5397:Adana Demirspor 5374: 5359: 5181: 5175: 5103: 4966: 4961: 4868: 4852:mineral springs 4828:thermal springs 4824: 4800:Mersin Province 4725: 4650: 4614: 4533: 4484: 4479: 4447: 4442: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4017: 4016: 4012:2021 data from 4010: 4007: 4005: 3980: 3961:Mersin Province 3943: 3930: 3882: 3877: 3761:(Tall Hamdūn), 3524: 3486: 3456: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3397: 3392: 3364: 3355: 3336: 3327: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3222: 3177: 3081:Mihran Damadian 3069:Armenian Legion 3054:General Gouraud 3046: 2975:Oriental crisis 2939:Eyalet of Egypt 2890: 2814:Karaman Emirate 2775: 2743: 2728:Turkmen Emirate 2704: 2673: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2492: 2437:Cilicia Secunda 2355:classical world 2326:), part of the 2269:Tarcondimotus I 2255: 2247:Parthian Empire 2184:Cilicia Trachea 2173: 2165:Main articles: 2163: 2104: 2048: 2015: 1985: 1960: 1919: 1910: 1904: 1870: 1866: 1851: 1848: 1841: 1826: 1823: 1816: 1801: 1798: 1785: 1782: 1769: 1766: 1733: 1721: 1709: 1697: 1669: 1646: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1615: 1536: 1519: 1444: 1414: 1389: 1375: 1342: 1333: 1327: 1318: 1312: 1286: 1283: 1241: 1229: 1215: 1169: 1161:Main articles: 1159: 1005:in the earlier 999: 966: 961: 950:. It forms the 887:Berdan (Tarsus) 842: 831: 825: 822: 807: 791: 780: 763: 722:), filled with 635: 545:Κιλικια Τραχεια 534: 467:Cilicia Trachea 435: 426: 383: 314: 310: 250: 222: 220: 120: 118: 114: 111: 106: 103: 101: 99: 98: 92: 88:Cilicia in the 77: 70: 64: 58: 52: 45: 38: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12531: 12521: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12429: 12424: 12418: 12416: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12408: 12402: 12400: 12396: 12395: 12393: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12376: 12375: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12342: 12340: 12336: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12281: 12279: 12273: 12272: 12270: 12269: 12267:United Kingdom 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12208: 12207: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12183:Czech Republic 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12159: 12157: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12149: 12144: 12143: 12142: 12135: 12128: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12095: 12093: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12085: 12084: 12083: 12071: 12070: 12069: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12041: 12040: 12029: 12027: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12019: 12018: 12017: 12010: 11998: 11997: 11996: 11989: 11976: 11974: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11966: 11965: 11964: 11957: 11950: 11943: 11940:Bolis/Istanbul 11931: 11926: 11921: 11910: 11908: 11902: 11901: 11894: 11892: 11890: 11889: 11882: 11875: 11874: 11873: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11847: 11846: 11839: 11832: 11824: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11811: 11805: 11799: 11793: 11787: 11781: 11775: 11769: 11763: 11757: 11751: 11745: 11739: 11733: 11726: 11720: 11714: 11708: 11702: 11696: 11689: 11687: 11683: 11682: 11680: 11679: 11673: 11667: 11661: 11655: 11649: 11643: 11637: 11631: 11625: 11619: 11613: 11607: 11601: 11595: 11589: 11578: 11572: 11566: 11560: 11554: 11547: 11545: 11544:Second journey 11541: 11540: 11538: 11537: 11530: 11524: 11518: 11512: 11506: 11500: 11494: 11488: 11482: 11476: 11470: 11463: 11461: 11457: 11456: 11448: 11447: 11440: 11433: 11425: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11412: 11405: 11398: 11392: 11382: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11348: 11345: 11344: 11334: 11333: 11330: 11329: 11326: 11325: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11306:Libya Inferior 11303: 11301:Libya Superior 11298: 11293: 11291:Augustamnica I 11288: 11283: 11278: 11272: 11270: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11179: 11177: 11171: 11170: 11168: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11091: 11089: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11047:Lycaonia (370) 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11023: 11021: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10980: 10978: 10969: 10961: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10917: 10915: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10888:Dacia Ripensis 10885: 10879: 10877: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10831: 10829: 10820: 10808: 10807: 10794: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10747: 10745: 10739: 10738: 10736: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10711: 10706: 10700: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10637: 10635: 10626: 10618: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10584: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10550:Carthaginensis 10547: 10542: 10536: 10534: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10524: 10519: 10517:Novempopulania 10514: 10512:Narbonensis II 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10488: 10486: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10476: 10471: 10469:Lugdunensis IV 10466: 10461: 10459:Lugdunensis II 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10425: 10423: 10414: 10402: 10401: 10388: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10338: 10335: 10334: 10324: 10323: 10315: 10314: 10307: 10300: 10292: 10283: 10282: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10140:Gallia Belgica 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10060:Arabia Petraea 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10012: 10011: 10004: 9997: 9989: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9868: 9867: 9860: 9853: 9845: 9836: 9835: 9738: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9726: 9725: 9718: 9711: 9703: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9659: 9652: 9651:External links 9649: 9648: 9647: 9622: 9613: 9607: 9589: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9566: 9528: 9499: 9453: 9430: 9424: 9390:Wiseman, D. J. 9366: 9349: 9343: 9331:United Kingdom 9314: 9312: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9303:, p. 128. 9290: 9283: 9262: 9241: 9229:"TFF Databank" 9220: 9195: 9192:on 2009-06-21. 9177: 9155: 9130: 9105: 9080: 9077:on 2012-08-02. 9062: 9037: 9012: 8987: 8962: 8937: 8923: 8907:"Yılanlı Kale" 8898: 8869: 8846: 8821: 8801: 8787: 8762: 8737: 8712: 8687: 8661: 8637: 8635:, p. 127. 8625: 8606: 8604:, p. 122. 8587: 8580: 8562: 8560:, p. 166. 8547: 8540: 8514: 8490: 8454: 8423: 8392: 8358: 8336: 8310: 8288: 8286:, pp. 457–489. 8275: 8245: 8220: 8213: 8189: 8164: 8147: 8132: 8110: 8103: 8083: 8077:978-9004191051 8076: 8058: 8049: 8043:978-9004101807 8042: 8024: 8015: 8002: 7995: 7977: 7942:(2): 139–149. 7936:Church History 7922: 7909: 7888: 7870: 7848: 7820: 7799: 7772: 7770:. See page 90. 7752: 7743: 7724: 7717: 7691: 7618: 7616:, p. 403. 7603: 7591: 7579: 7567: 7558: 7556:Hallo, p. 112. 7549: 7534: 7527: 7521:. Penguin UK. 7507: 7500: 7480: 7445: 7429: 7389: 7382: 7364: 7349: 7342: 7321: 7312: 7303: 7290: 7275: 7249: 7223: 7197: 7182: 7169: 7153: 7133: 7113: 7082: 7069: 7067:, p. 103. 7057: 7042:Chisholm, Hugh 6987: 6976: 6956: 6932: 6930:, p. 165. 6897: 6894: 6893: 6873: 6853: 6833: 6813: 6792: 6782: 6771:on 25 May 2019 6730: 6693: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6549: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6448: 6393: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6313: 6310: 470s BC 6290: 6267:Syennesis II ( 6263: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6225:List of rulers 6223: 6141: 6140: 6091: 6089: 6082: 6076: 6073: 6056: 6053: 6047: 6044: 6010:on the south. 5998:on the north, 5987: 5984: 5959: 5956: 5941:Hatay Province 5866: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5807: 5805: 5798: 5792: 5791:Transportation 5789: 5786: 5785: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5706: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5635: 5624: 5623: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5576: 5574:Football (men) 5571: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5562:7 Ocak (6635) 5560: 5555: 5553:Football (men) 5550: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5534: 5529: 5527:Football (men) 5524: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5510: 5505: 5503:Football (men) 5500: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5484: 5479: 5477:Football (men) 5474: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5458: 5453: 5451:Football (men) 5448: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5430: 5428:Football (men) 5425: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5409: 5404: 5402:Football (men) 5399: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5370: 5358: 5355: 5330:Çağ University 5274:Hatay Province 5174: 5171: 5113:, near Tuzla. 5106:Akyatan Lagoon 5102: 5099: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4903:Seven Sleepers 4867: 4864: 4856:Adana Province 4823: 4820: 4816:Hatay Province 4804:Adana Province 4724: 4721: 4701:, the planned 4671:Mersin Seaport 4649: 4646: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4593:Hatay Province 4586: 4572: 4558: 4548: 4532: 4529: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4111: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4079: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4011: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3981: 3978: 3973: 3965:Adana Province 3953:Adana Province 3942: 3939: 3931: 260s AD 3916: 3915: 3904: 3897:Baal of Tarsus 3893: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3862: 3859: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3780: 3777: 3748: 3745: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3726: 3723: 3662: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3598:(Kelenderis), 3585: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3508:) to Teukros ( 3485: 3482: 3455: 3452: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3335: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3261:Cilicia Pedias 3221: 3218: 3176: 3173: 3056:arrives Mersin 3045: 3042: 3015:Adana massacre 3005:rule with the 2992:Port of Mersin 2889: 2888:Ottoman period 2886: 2821:Misis Castle. 2774: 2771: 2742: 2739: 2703: 2700: 2672: 2669: 2564:Seljuk Turkish 2534:Main article: 2531: 2528: 2491: 2488: 2296:Middle Persian 2286:king of kings 2245:In 51 BC, the 2208:Cilicia Pedias 2204:Roman province 2162: 2159: 2103: 2100: 2080:Artaxerxes III 2014: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1982: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1936: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1892:Achaemenid era 1889: 1888:Historical era 1885: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 470s BC 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1713:Artaxerxes III 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1609: 1608: 1598: 1597: 1518: 1515: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1411: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1231: 1230: 1216: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1192: 1158: 1155: 1033:(now Cilicia), 998: 995: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 937: 923: 913: 910:Gulf of Mersin 854:alluvial plain 844: 843: 794: 792: 785: 779: 776: 762: 759: 741:), the Sarus ( 657:Kilikia Pedias 646:Κιλικια Πεδιας 634: 631: 565:Cilicia Aspera 533: 530: 529: 528: 517: 483:Cilicia Pedias 477:, west of the 475:Cilicia Aspera 463:Cilician Gates 434: 431: 427: 500–700 382: 379: 351:Cilician plain 302: 301: 284: 280: 279: 278:$ 6,982 (2018) 276: 275:GRP per capita 272: 271: 268: 262: 261: 258: 252: 251: 248: 246: 242: 241: 231: 225: 224: 217: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 177: 176: 157: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 135: 129: 128: 121:36.985; 35.120 94: 93: 87: 79: 78: 75: 72: 71: 46: 43: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12530: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12445: 12443: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12419: 12417: 12413: 12407: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12397: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12373: 12369: 12368: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12343: 12341: 12337: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12278: 12274: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12205: 12201: 12200: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12154: 12148: 12145: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12132:San Francisco 12129: 12126: 12122: 12121: 12120: 12119:United States 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12096: 12094: 12090: 12081: 12077: 12076: 12075: 12072: 12067: 12063: 12062: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12034: 12033:Baltic states 12031: 12030: 12028: 12024: 12015: 12011: 12008: 12004: 12003: 12002: 11999: 11994: 11990: 11987: 11983: 11982: 11981: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11971: 11962: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11944: 11941: 11937: 11936: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11919: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11903: 11898: 11888: 11887: 11883: 11881: 11880: 11876: 11872: 11871: 11867: 11866: 11865: 11864: 11860: 11859: 11856: 11852: 11845: 11840: 11838: 11833: 11831: 11826: 11825: 11822: 11810: 11806: 11804: 11800: 11798: 11794: 11792: 11788: 11786: 11782: 11780: 11776: 11774: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11762: 11758: 11756: 11752: 11750: 11746: 11744: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11731: 11727: 11725: 11721: 11719: 11715: 11713: 11709: 11707: 11703: 11701: 11697: 11695: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11686:Third journey 11684: 11678: 11674: 11672: 11668: 11666: 11662: 11660: 11656: 11654: 11650: 11648: 11644: 11642: 11638: 11636: 11632: 11630: 11626: 11624: 11620: 11618: 11614: 11612: 11608: 11606: 11602: 11600: 11596: 11594: 11590: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11577: 11573: 11571: 11567: 11565: 11561: 11559: 11555: 11553: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11542: 11535: 11531: 11529: 11525: 11523: 11519: 11517: 11513: 11511: 11507: 11505: 11501: 11499: 11495: 11493: 11489: 11487: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11475: 11471: 11469: 11465: 11464: 11462: 11460:First journey 11458: 11454: 11446: 11441: 11439: 11434: 11432: 11427: 11426: 11423: 11410: 11406: 11403: 11399: 11397: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11381: 11377: 11376: 11373: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11349: 11346: 11339: 11335: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11265: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11228:Palaestina II 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11176: 11172: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11135:Cappadocia II 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11105:Armenia Maior 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11092: 11090: 11088: 11084: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11016: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10962: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10910: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10880: 10878: 10876: 10872: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10813: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10795: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10740: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10704:Alpes Cottiae 10702: 10701: 10699: 10697: 10693: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10619: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10570:Tarraconensis 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10529: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10507:Narbonensis I 10505: 10503: 10502:Aquitanica II 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10454:Lugdunensis I 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10407: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10389: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10363:Constantine I 10360: 10352: 10348: 10344: 10343: 10336: 10329: 10325: 10320: 10313: 10308: 10306: 10301: 10299: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10279: 10273: 10268: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10182: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10045:Alpes Cottiae 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10027: 10024: 10020: 10010: 10005: 10003: 9998: 9996: 9991: 9990: 9987: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9878: 9874: 9866: 9861: 9859: 9854: 9852: 9847: 9846: 9843: 9735: 9731: 9724: 9719: 9717: 9712: 9710: 9705: 9704: 9701: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9666: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9645: 9641: 9637: 9636:3-8316-0538-6 9633: 9629: 9628: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9595: 9590: 9587: 9583: 9579: 9575: 9574: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9547:United States 9544: 9543:New York City 9540: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9500: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9480:Gorgias Press 9477: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9437: 9431: 9427: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9412:United States 9409: 9408:New York City 9405: 9401: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9380:; Otten, H.; 9379: 9375: 9371: 9370:Hawkins, J.D. 9367: 9363: 9362:United States 9359: 9358:Locust Valley 9355: 9350: 9346: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9319:Bryce, Trevor 9316: 9315: 9302: 9297: 9295: 9286: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9266: 9259: 9258:1-4039-6421-1 9255: 9251: 9245: 9230: 9224: 9210:on 2012-03-01 9209: 9205: 9199: 9191: 9187: 9181: 9165: 9159: 9145:on 2010-01-23 9144: 9140: 9134: 9120:on 2018-10-28 9119: 9115: 9109: 9095:on 2010-08-25 9094: 9090: 9084: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9026: 9022: 9016: 9001: 8997: 8991: 8977:on 2016-03-05 8976: 8972: 8966: 8952:on 2011-10-09 8951: 8947: 8941: 8933: 8927: 8913:on 2016-03-03 8912: 8908: 8902: 8895: 8884:on 2012-02-27 8883: 8879: 8873: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8857: 8850: 8836:on 2014-10-23 8835: 8831: 8825: 8818: 8814: 8811: 8805: 8797: 8791: 8777:on 2016-08-06 8776: 8772: 8766: 8752:on 2016-10-21 8751: 8747: 8741: 8727:on 2011-08-27 8726: 8722: 8716: 8702:on 2016-12-27 8701: 8697: 8691: 8675: 8671: 8665: 8651: 8647: 8641: 8634: 8629: 8623:, p. 28. 8622: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8603: 8598: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8583: 8581:9780748686131 8577: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8554: 8552: 8543: 8541:0-7607-4134-4 8537: 8533: 8528: 8527: 8518: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8487:0-521-08691-4 8484: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8437: 8433: 8427: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8406: 8405:pages 211-224 8402: 8396: 8390: 8389:0-521-08691-4 8386: 8382: 8378: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8363: 8346: 8340: 8325:on 9 May 2019 8324: 8320: 8314: 8298: 8292: 8285: 8279: 8260: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8235: 8231: 8224: 8216: 8214:0-88738-823-X 8210: 8206: 8202: 8201: 8193: 8177: 8171: 8169: 8161: 8157: 8151: 8143: 8136: 8120: 8114: 8106: 8100: 8096: 8095: 8087: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8062: 8053: 8045: 8039: 8035: 8028: 8019: 8012: 8006: 7998: 7996:0-88402-163-7 7992: 7988: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7920:, ii. 869–908 7919: 7913: 7905: 7899: 7891: 7885: 7881: 7874: 7858: 7852: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7824: 7816: 7810: 7802: 7800:0-674-51173-5 7796: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7779: 7777: 7769: 7768:0-19-510233-9 7765: 7761: 7756: 7747: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7728: 7720: 7718:9780803709454 7714: 7710: 7705: 7704: 7695: 7688: 7687:Weiskopf 1991 7683: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7615: 7610: 7608: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7583: 7576: 7571: 7562: 7553: 7545: 7538: 7530: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7511: 7503: 7497: 7493: 7492: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7449: 7442: 7436: 7434: 7419:on 2020-09-26 7415: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7393: 7385: 7379: 7375: 7368: 7360: 7353: 7345: 7339: 7335: 7328: 7326: 7316: 7307: 7300: 7294: 7287: 7286: 7279: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7253: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7227: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7194: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7173: 7166: 7160: 7158: 7151: 7150:3-205-04279-4 7147: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7110:0-521-08691-4 7107: 7103: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7079: 7073: 7066: 7061: 7053: 7052: 7047: 7043: 7038: 7037:public domain 7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6985: 6980: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6960: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6929: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6734: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6682: 6675: 6669: 6667: 6662: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6614: 6610: 6593: – 6579: 6574: 6569: 6568:Tarkondimotos 6563: 6557:Ταρκονδιμοτος 6554: 6553:Ancient Greek 6550: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6522:Tarkondimotos 6517: 6511:Ταρκονδιμοτος 6508: 6507:Ancient Greek 6504: 6501: 6500: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6456: 6455:Ancient Greek 6452: 6449: 6445: 362 BC 6440: – 6426: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6401: 6400:Ancient Greek 6397: 6394: 6390: 385 BC 6385: – 6371: 6365: 6356: 6355:Ancient Greek 6352: 6349: 6348: 6338: 401 BC 6326: 6321: 6317: 6316:Syennesis III 6314: 6295: 6294:Ancient Greek 6291: 6287: 480 BC 6275: 6270: 6266: 6265: 6255: 585 BC 6243: 6238: 6235:Syennesis I ( 6234: 6233: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6134: 6126: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6097: 6092:This section 6090: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6052: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5921:Hatay Airport 5914: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5853: 5850: 5842: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5808:This section 5806: 5802: 5797: 5796: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5472:İskenderun FK 5470: 5469: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5185: 5180: 5170: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5031: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5009:-Pompeiopolis 5008: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4970: 4964:Ancient sites 4956: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4734: 4729: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4703:Samsun-Ceyhan 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4612:Manufacturing 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4002: 3997: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3936: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3835:(Süveydiye), 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3516: 3506: 3502: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3421: 3415: 3403: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3331: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3228: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3153:Bourj Hammoud 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3050: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3019:3500 children 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984:Adana Vilayet 2980: 2976: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931:Aleppo Eyalet 2928: 2921: 2920:Adana Vilayet 2917: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2873:, one of the 2872: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2779: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2556:First Crusade 2548: 2543: 2537: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2513:Nicephorus II 2509: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2393:Cilicia Prima 2390: 2386: 2381: 2379: 2378:New Testament 2375: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2265:Julius Caesar 2261: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2049: 362 BC 2043: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019:Artaxerxes II 2006: 2003: 2001:Today part of 1999: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1911: 542 BC 1906: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1849: 362 BC 1834: 1831: 1828: 1824: 385 BC 1809: 1806: 1805:Syennesis III 1803: 1799: 401 BC 1791: 1787: 1775: 1771: 1767: 480 BC 1759: 1755: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1701:Artaxerxes II 1699: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1682:King of Kings 1679: 1676: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1616: 542 BC 1610: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1537: 542 BC 1531: 1527: 1524: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1449: 1448:Ancient Greek 1435: 1432: 1430:Today part of 1428: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1397: 1394: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1334: 542 BC 1329: 1323: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 585 BC 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1211: 1204: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1132:vassalization 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1053:Pyramus River 1050: 1046: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 991: 986: 982: 979: 975: 971: 953: 949: 945: 941: 938: 935: 931: 927: 924: 921: 917: 914: 911: 907: 903: 900: 899: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 875: 873: 869: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 840: 837: 829: 819: 815: 811: 805: 804: 800: 795:This section 793: 789: 784: 783: 775: 773: 768: 767:Mediterranean 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 704: 690: 685: 671: 667: 663: 658: 652: 643: 642:Ancient Greek 639: 638:Plain Cilicia 633:Plain Cilicia 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 603: 589: 584: 570: 566: 562: 557: 551: 542: 541:Ancient Greek 538: 537:Rough Cilicia 532:Rough Cilicia 525: 524: 518: 514: 513: 507: 506: 505: 502: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:Limonlu River 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 447:Nur Mountains 444: 440: 439:Mediterranean 430: 421: 417: 412: 406: 395: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 338: 308: 300: 296: 292: 288: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 267: 266:GRP (nominal) 263: 259: 257: 253: 247: 243: 239: 235: 232: 230: 226: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 191: 187: 183: 178: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160: 158: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 139: 136: 134: 130: 125: 97:Coordinates: 95: 91: 85: 80: 73: 68: 41: 33: 19: 12050:Central Asia 11946: 11884: 11877: 11868: 11861: 11623:Thessalonica 11551: 11451:Journeys of 11362:Spania (552) 11223:Palaestina I 11203:Euphratensis 11150:Helenopontus 11130:Cappadocia I 11037:Hellespontus 10936:Epirus Vetus 10903:Praevalitana 10818:of Illyricum 10608:Valentia (?) 10593:Britannia II 10497:Aquitanica I 10375:theme system 10340: 10179: 9903: 9626: 9616: 9609: 9592: 9577: 9558:. Retrieved 9536: 9520:. Retrieved 9518:(3): 122–123 9515: 9511: 9507: 9491:. Retrieved 9467: 9461: 9435: 9399: 9393: 9386:v. Soden, W. 9378:Moortgat, A. 9353: 9322: 9274: 9271:Bryce, James 9265: 9249: 9244: 9233:. Retrieved 9223: 9212:. Retrieved 9208:the original 9198: 9190:the original 9180: 9168:. Retrieved 9158: 9147:. Retrieved 9143:the original 9133: 9122:. Retrieved 9118:the original 9108: 9097:. Retrieved 9093:the original 9083: 9075:the original 9065: 9054:. Retrieved 9050:the original 9040: 9029:. Retrieved 9025:the original 9015: 9004:. Retrieved 9000:the original 8990: 8979:. Retrieved 8975:the original 8965: 8954:. Retrieved 8950:the original 8940: 8926: 8915:. Retrieved 8911:the original 8901: 8892: 8886:. Retrieved 8882:the original 8872: 8864: 8854: 8849: 8838:. Retrieved 8834:the original 8824: 8804: 8790: 8779:. Retrieved 8775:the original 8765: 8754:. Retrieved 8750:the original 8740: 8729:. Retrieved 8725:the original 8715: 8704:. 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Retrieved 7414:the original 7405: 7392: 7373: 7367: 7358: 7352: 7333: 7315: 7306: 7298: 7293: 7284: 7278: 7261: 7252: 7235: 7226: 7209: 7200: 7190: 7185: 7172: 7164: 7141: 7136: 7121: 7116: 7090: 7085: 7077: 7072: 7065:Grayson 1975 7060: 7049: 6979: 6964: 6959: 6940: 6935: 6880: 6860: 6840: 6820: 6800: 6773:. Retrieved 6769:the original 6762: 6748:. Retrieved 6742: 6733: 6721:. Retrieved 6717:the original 6708: 6686:19 September 6684:. Retrieved 6638: 6618: 6613: 6598: 17 BC 6325:*Zuwannissas 6274:*Zuwannissas 6242:*Zuwannissas 6200: 6198: 6173: 6165: 6149: 6144: 6129: 6120: 6105:Please help 6093: 6058: 6049: 5989: 5961: 5945: 5919: 5868: 5860: 5845: 5836: 5821:Please help 5809: 5636: 5548:Osmaniyespor 5523:01 Adana FK 5513:Mersin Arena 5371: 5360: 5344: 5343: 5328: 5327: 5319: 5318: 5287: 5286: 5267: 5266: 5226: 5225: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5161: 5160: 5151: 5150: 5138:Ceyhan River 5132: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5104: 5090: 5089: 5077:Pope Paul VI 5068: 5066: 5042:Şar (Comona) 5041: 5040: 5028: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5005: 5003: 4986: 4985: 4976: 4975: 4945:Christianity 4929:Christianity 4927:) is one of 4913:Jesus Christ 4907: 4891:Christianity 4884: 4844:Ceyhan River 4825: 4798:(Namrun) in 4793: 4738: 4711: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4670: 4669: 4651: 4635: 4615: 4493: 4485: 4448: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3941:Demographics 3917: 3883: 3707:(Karsantı), 3525: 3487: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3441: 3414:*zuwannissas 3398: 3365: 3356: 3337: 3328: 3319: 3308: 3280: 3268: 3260: 3250: 3242:Trevor Bryce 3223: 3207: 3178: 3169:Buenos Aires 3135: 3111: 3092: 3089: 3084: 3072: 3059: 3037: 3027: 2996: 2972: 2965: 2959:independent 2956: 2935:Adana Eyalet 2925: 2891: 2868: 2849: 2846:buffer state 2823: 2811: 2784: 2755:Roman Church 2751:Gosdantin IV 2744: 2732: 2730:in Cilicia. 2727: 2705: 2682: 2649:Mount Taurus 2623: 2580: 2553: 2523: 2518:In medieval 2517: 2510: 2499: 2493: 2481: 2469:Citidiopolis 2436: 2409:Pompeiopolis 2392: 2385:Book of Acts 2382: 2365: 2363: 2359:Christianity 2347:Roman Empire 2329: 2313: 2307: 2301:𐭪𐭫𐭪𐭩𐭠𐭩 2281: 2262: 2256:𐭊𐭉𐭋𐭊𐭉𐭀 2244: 2207: 2206:of Cilicia. 2183: 2182: 2152: 2149: 2134: 2127: 2105: 2093: 2035: 2031: 2016: 1949:Succeeded by 1948: 1943: 1772:Syennesis II 1589: 1586: 1579: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1541: 1520: 1504: 1485: 1475: 1472: 1445: 1364:Succeeded by 1363: 1358: 1170: 1140: 1128:Sunassura II 1093: 1042: 1032: 1026:Tell Atchana 1000: 970:Chalcolithic 967: 926:Berdan River 916:Ceyhan River 902:Seyhan River 876: 866: 850:conglomerate 847: 832: 823: 808:Please help 796: 764: 747:Ceyhan River 739:Berdan River 736: 719: 716:Ten Thousand 637: 636: 536: 535: 503: 482: 466: 436: 420:Vulgar Latin 407: 384: 306: 305: 256:Area code(s) 159: 144:Largest city 90:Roman Empire 12427:New Zealand 12346:Afghanistan 12277:Middle East 12262:Switzerland 12125:Los Angeles 11929:Nakhichevan 11409:Justinian I 11281:Aegyptus II 11213:Mesopotamia 11160:Paphlagonia 10989:Haemimontus 10967:of the East 10931:Epirus Nova 10855:Pannonia II 10588:Britannia I 10449:Germania II 10280:'s reforms. 10212:Mesopotamia 9954:Paphlagonia 9445:Netherlands 8650:tuik.gov.tr 7841:21 February 7178:Side (Σίδη) 6489: 340s 6420:Old Persian 6383: 390s 6192:during the 6158:Adramyttium 5087:each year. 4937:12 apostles 4791:residents. 4707:Blue Stream 4521:aquaculture 4482:Agriculture 3920:fire altars 3901:winged disk 3888:an Aramaic 3566:Population 3505:Tarḫuwarris 3484:Hellenistic 3374:) found in 3131:Cilicia War 3065:World War I 3011:countercoup 2795:Sarvandikar 2765:-supported 2716:Black Death 2619:Sarvandikar 2603:T‛il Hamtun 2372:and author 2220:Mithridates 2155:Hellenistic 2153:During the 2137:Hellenistic 2111:Halys River 2109:forded the 2029:in 333 BC. 1944:Preceded by 1867: 340s 1817: 390s 1575:Artaphernes 1359:Preceded by 1289:Syennesis I 1143:Sea Peoples 1116:Shaushtatar 1073:Pariyawatri 1045:Hattusili I 952:Göksu Delta 119: / 12442:Categories 12351:Bangladesh 11980:Azerbaijan 11914:Azerbaijan 11870:historical 11611:Amphipolis 11593:Samothrace 11386:reconquest 11276:Aegyptus I 11238:Phoenice I 11193:Cilicia II 11100:Armenia II 10850:Pannonia I 10522:Viennensis 10444:Germania I 10439:Belgica II 10379:Asia Minor 10351:Diocletian 10278:Diocletian 10090:Cappadocia 9894:Cappadocia 9235:2023-07-25 9214:2020-02-21 9149:2020-02-21 9124:2020-02-21 9099:2020-02-21 9056:2020-02-21 9031:2020-02-21 9006:2020-02-21 8981:2020-02-21 8956:2020-02-21 8917:2020-02-21 8888:2020-02-21 8840:2020-02-21 8781:2020-02-21 8756:2020-02-21 8731:2020-02-21 8706:2020-02-21 8655:2022-05-05 8602:Simon 2019 8558:Bryce 2009 8351:29 January 8329:29 January 8239:2010-03-04 7916:Le Quien, 7863:20 January 7599:Bryce 2009 7587:Bryce 2009 7575:Bryce 2009 7423:2019-07-19 7282:Xenophon, 6928:Bryce 2009 6723:16 October 6657:References 6591: 30s 6545: 40s 6438: 385 6370:Kamissarēs 6359:Καμισσαρης 6298:Ξειναγορας 6194:Trojan War 6032:İskenderun 6008:İskenderun 5662:Mersin BŞB 5282:İskenderun 5221:Yumurtalık 5177:See also: 5095:St. Simeon 5050:Tufanbeyli 4939:of Jesus. 4931:'s oldest 4796:Çamlıyayla 4789:İskenderun 4781:Yumurtalık 4631:İskenderun 4525:Yumurtalık 4508:Yumurtalık 4467:İskenderun 4276:İskenderun 3861:1,670,712 3817:İskenderun 3771:Hasanbeyli 3759:Toprakkale 3725:2,263,373 3721:Tufanbeyli 3719:(Hadjin), 3693:Yumurtalık 3639:1,891,145 3633:(Namrun), 3631:Çamlıyayla 3560:Area (km) 3454:Achaemenid 3423:, meaning 3380:İskenderun 3273:Mopsuestia 3210:Wealth Tax 3044:Modern era 3007:revolution 3003:Abdulhamid 2973:After the 2851:al-'Awasim 2591:Mopsuestia 2540:See also: 2465:Alexandria 2453:Irenopolis 2315:consularis 2090:, Cilicia. 2066:, Cilicia. 1842: 385 1737:Darius III 1662:Government 1257:Demonym(s) 1151:Cappadocia 1124:Kizzuwatna 1100:Zidanta II 1030:Kizzuwatna 1003:Kizzuwatna 997:Bronze Age 675:𒆳𒋡𒀀𒌑𒂊 619:Calycadnus 593:𒆳𒉿𒊑𒅔𒁺 215:Demonym(s) 193:Population 107:35°07′12″E 104:36°59′06″N 12422:Australia 12390:Singapore 12366:Indonesia 12099:Argentina 12066:Circassia 12038:Lithuania 11809:Jerusalem 11797:Ptolemais 11730:Macedonia 11724:Cenchreae 11712:Macedonia 11671:Jerusalem 11647:Cenchreae 11617:Apollonia 11188:Cilicia I 11140:Galatia I 11095:Armenia I 11062:Pamphylia 10994:Moesia II 10951:Thessalia 10728:Raetia II 10560:Lusitania 10555:Gallaecia 10545:Balearica 10434:Belgica I 10197:Macedonia 10085:Britannia 9949:Pamphylia 9533:"Cilicia" 9482:: 13–40. 9335:Routledge 9170:March 31, 9166:. Radikal 8303:2 October 8070:. Brill. 7972:162340890 7956:0009-6407 7898:cite book 7809:cite book 7467:0006-7997 6759:"Cilicia" 6739:"Cilicia" 6709:dunya.com 6562:romanized 6516:romanized 6476:*Mazdāyah 6464:romanized 6409:romanized 6364:romanized 6351:Camisares 6207:Aeschylus 6205:(v 353), 6182:Lyrnessus 6174:Geography 6094:does not 6004:Şanlıurfa 5980:Famagusta 5810:does not 5688:Hatay BŞB 5463:(33,543) 5446:Adanaspor 5433:Süper Lig 5423:Hatayspor 5414:(33,543) 5407:Süper Lig 5213:Karaisalı 5173:Education 5062:Byzantine 5030:Anazarbus 4981:Rubeniyan 4757:Gaziantep 4599:Limestone 4583:Saimbeyli 4555:Aladağlar 4149:1,064,750 4094:1,797,136 4031:Province 3853:Yayladağı 3717:Saimbeyli 3715:(Vahka), 3685:Karaisalı 3620:Yenişehir 3554:Province 3496:Ταρκυαρις 3448:Kastabala 3408:Συέννεσις 3402:Suennesis 3372:Armenians 3305:Ethnicity 3253:eponymous 3161:Argentina 3038:Zeituntsi 2892:In 1516, 2769:in 1375. 2763:Ramadanid 2712:Abu Sa'id 2708:Ilkhanate 2661:Lusignans 2629:Crusaders 2625:Gosdantin 2599:Trapessac 2461:Castabala 2449:Epiphania 2441:Anazarbus 2433:Zephyrium 2395:, with a 2310:Tetrarchy 2277:proconsul 2273:Vespasian 2239:Anazarbus 2145:Seleucids 2141:Ptolemaic 2107:Alexander 2038:Camisares 1869:- 333 BC 1830:Camisares 1567:Mardonius 1502:empires. 1457:romanized 1261:Cilicians 1136:Mursili I 1077:cuneiform 1071:, son of 1069:Išputahšu 1049:Mursili I 990:Naram-Sin 964:Neolithic 872:Karaisalı 797:does not 651:romanized 623:Phoenicia 550:romanized 443:Pamphylia 433:Geography 283:Languages 229:Time zone 201:6,435,986 155:Provinces 12463:Anatolia 12406:Ethiopia 12385:Pakistan 12372:Surabaya 12204:Hayhurum 12173:Bulgaria 12092:Americas 12007:Abkhazia 11973:Caucasus 11803:Caesarea 11749:Mytilene 11665:Caesarea 11605:Philippi 11599:Neapolis 11474:Seleucia 11155:Honorias 11125:Bithynia 10898:Moesia I 10893:Dardania 10835:Dalmatia 10756:Byzacena 10723:Raetia I 10671:Sardinia 10646:Campania 10624:of Italy 10347:dioceses 10120:Dalmatia 10035:Aegyptus 10018:(117 AD) 9929:Lycaonia 9889:Bithynia 9873:Anatolia 9665:Archived 9392:(eds.). 9321:(2009). 9273:(2008). 8865:Warning: 8813:Archived 8503:page 456 8475:Archived 8472:page 364 8439:Archived 8436:page 216 8408:Archived 8377:Archived 8374:page 680 8299:. Zum.de 8268:12 March 8182:12 March 8125:12 March 7736:Archived 7285:Anabasis 7098:Archived 7095:page 422 6945:page 112 6623:Armenian 6425:*Dātamah 6190:Achilles 6123:May 2021 5952:Hürriyet 5925:Istanbul 5907:Osmaniye 5875:Istanbul 5839:May 2021 5656:Founded 5515:(25000) 5487:5 Temmuz 5391:Founded 5362:Football 5298:Osmaniye 5254:Aydıncık 5142:Osmaniye 5054:Hittites 4995:furrings 4933:churches 4836:Reyhanlı 4832:Kırıkhan 4675:Istanbul 4648:Commerce 4589:Asbestos 4504:Samandağ 4502:region. 4428:Altınözü 4331:Osmaniye 4267:105,309 4258:Reyhanlı 4247:Osmaniye 4242:Osmaniye 4233:119,854 4224:Kırıkhan 4199:123,999 4190:Samandağ 4165:126,941 4161:Osmaniye 4110:127,849 4047:Province 3875:Religion 3857:Altınözü 3845:Reyhanlı 3833:Samandağ 3829:Kırıkhan 3779:553,012 3767:Osmaniye 3743:Osmaniye 3738:Osmaniye 3701:İmamoğlu 3695:(Ayas), 3669:Çukurova 3623:Toroslar 3596:Aydıncık 3536:Osmaniye 3466:and 140 3420:zuwannis 3289:Anatolia 3189:muhacirs 3137:Maronite 2967:Alawites 2957:de facto 2947:invaded 2927:Ottomans 2826:Anatolia 2818:alliance 2741:Collapse 2702:Turkmens 2684:Hetoum I 2645:Levon II 2641:Thoros I 2611:Selefkia 2374:St. Paul 2366:Cilicium 2343:Thraciae 2292:Valerian 2288:Shapur I 2284:Sasanian 2251:Parthian 2198:(modern 2119:Xenophon 2074:Coin of 2058:Coin of 1675:Monarchy 1582:Xerxes I 1563:Darius I 1548:Aspendus 1530:Cyrus II 1157:Iron Age 1089:Akkadian 1085:Telipinu 1065:Hurrians 826:May 2021 720:euthemia 712:Xenophon 694:𒆳𒄷𒈨𒂊 615:Venetian 574:𒆳𒄭𒋃𒆪 401:𒆳𒄭𒋃𒆪 371:Osmaniye 359:Çukurova 343:Anatolia 299:Armenian 295:Kurmanji 170:Osmaniye 12453:Cilicia 12415:Oceania 12380:Myanmar 12315:Lebanon 12242:Romania 12212:Hungary 12193:Germany 12168:Belgium 12163:Austria 12147:Uruguay 12074:Ukraine 12055:Moldova 12045:Belarus 12014:Tbilisi 12001:Georgia 11947:Cilicia 11924:Javakhk 11767:Miletus 11732:(again) 11718:Corinth 11706:Ephesus 11700:Phrygia 11694:Galatia 11677:Antioch 11653:Ephesus 11641:Corinth 11576:Galatia 11570:Phrygia 11552:Cilicia 11534:Antioch 11528:Attalea 11510:Iconium 11486:Salamis 11468:Antioch 11352:Taurica 11286:Arcadia 11248:Syria I 11218:Osroene 11208:Isauria 11067:Pisidia 11042:Islands 11009:Thracia 11004:Scythia 10999:Rhodope 10718:Aemilia 10714:Liguria 10686:Valeria 10676:Sicilia 10666:Samnium 10651:Corsica 10540:Baetica 10412:of Gaul 10367:Ravenna 10332:History 10257:Thracia 10247:Sicilia 10227:Noricum 10130:Galatia 10095:Cilicia 10075:Assyria 10065:Armenia 9964:Pisidia 9959:Phrygia 9924:Isauria 9914:Galatia 9904:Cilicia 9674:Cilicia 9560:26 June 9522:26 June 9514:]. 9493:26 June 9311:Sources 8830:"Hatay" 8680:June 1, 8511:7105620 8158:, eds. 7964:3162702 7475:4171539 7130:6561573 7046:Cilicia 7039:: 6750:6 April 6647:Kilikya 6643:Turkish 6639:Kilikía 6635:Κιλικία 6627:Կիլիկիա 6619:Kilikia 6586: 6564:: 6540: 6518:: 6484: 6470:Mazaios 6466:: 6459:Μαζαιος 6451:Mazaeus 6433: 6415:Datamēs 6411:: 6404:Δαταμης 6396:Datames 6378: 6366:: 6345:Satraps 6333: 6305: 6282: 6250: 6186:Chryses 6150:Cilicia 6115:removed 6100:sources 6055:Society 6046:Railway 6036:Antakya 6028:Karataş 6000:Erdemli 5992:O50–O59 5974:. From 5968:Kyrenia 5933:Nicosia 5891:Trabzon 5887:Antalya 5831:removed 5816:sources 5757:(1750) 5731:(2000) 5705:(2500) 5679:(1750) 5650:League 5539:(6000) 5489:(8217) 5385:League 5302:Kadirli 5278:Antakya 5246:Erdemli 5242:Silifke 5217:Pozantı 5201:Karataş 5167:Antakya 5156:Dörtyol 5146:Hittite 5085:29 June 5073:Antakya 5048:, near 4991:grabens 4941:Antioch 4925:Antioch 4921:Antakya 4909:Antakya 4887:Judaism 4879:Antakya 4860:Antakya 4840:Syrians 4785:Antakya 4777:Karataş 4773:Karataş 4761:Silifke 4753:Kayseri 4745:Erdemli 4723:Tourism 4713:Dörtyol 4661:Antakya 4516:Bozyazı 4512:Karataş 4498:– 4445:Economy 4437:60,861 4421:127,989 4412:Dörtyol 4403:62,803 4387:132,320 4369:66,828 4353:147,512 4344:Erdemli 4335:85,118 4319:159,955 4301:99,480 4285:250,976 4251:279,992 4217:347,314 4183:555,833 4174:Antakya 4156:Kadirli 4120:Antakya 4101:Silifke 3880:Ancient 3837:Antakya 3809:Dörtyol 3797:Antakya 3755:Kadirli 3711:(Sis), 3689:Karataş 3681:Pozantı 3677:Sarıçam 3673:Yüreğir 3661:14,030 3627:Akdeniz 3616:Mezitli 3612:Erdemli 3608:Silifke 3592:Bozyazı 3584:15,853 3511:Τευκρος 3499:, from 3468:talents 3428: 3395:Ancient 3311:Luwians 3300:Ancient 3281:Cilices 3233:Κιλικες 3227:Kilikes 3214:Sabancı 3202:Darende 3198:Kayseri 3149:Lebanon 3141:Lebanon 3023:Vilayet 2922:in 1892 2894:Selim I 2875:Turkmen 2838:Ottoman 2747:Levon V 2735:Yüreğir 2696:Mamluks 2688:Mongols 2671:Mongols 2637:marquis 2633:Antioch 2607:Harunia 2587:Koŕikos 2501:thughur 2457:Flavias 2421:Corycus 2417:Augusta 2413:Sebaste 2339:Pontica 2303:‎ 2258:‎ 2228:Phrygia 2188:pirates 2130:Arsames 2115:Phrygia 2096:Mazaeus 2084:Pharaoh 2078:, with 2076:Mazaios 2060:Mazaios 2042:Datames 1874:Mazaeus 1862:• 1855:Datames 1837:• 1812:• 1794:• 1778:• 1762:• 1652:Capital 1618:–333 BC 1604:of the 1602:Satrapy 1544:satraps 1523:Persian 1511:Croesus 1507:Lycians 1479:Kilikia 1463:Kilikia 1459:: 1452:Κιλικια 1382:Ḫilakku 1298:History 1279:• 1246:Capital 1225:Kilikia 1219:Κιλικια 1214:Cilicia 1203:Pirindu 1197:Ḫilakku 1167:Ḫilakku 1120:Mitanni 1112:Niqmepa 1108:Alalakh 1096:Pilliya 1037:131447 1022:Alalakh 1007:Hittite 959:History 948:Silifke 868:Akyatan 818:removed 803:sources 778:Geology 761:Climate 732:Solomon 653:: 611:Genoese 607:pirates 602:Pirindu 583:Ḫilakku 552:: 512:Ḫilakku 495:Salamis 445:to the 411:Cilicia 394:Ḫilakku 388:Κιλικία 355:Turkish 307:Cilicia 287:Turkish 133:Country 67:Kilikya 61:Κιλικία 55:Կիլիկիա 49:قيليقية 44:Cilicia 32:Silesia 12483:546 BC 12399:Africa 12310:Kuwait 12305:Jordan 12300:Israel 12257:Sweden 12247:Serbia 12237:Poland 12198:Greece 12188:France 12178:Cyprus 12156:Europe 12139:Boston 12114:Mexico 12109:Canada 12104:Brazil 12080:Crimea 12060:Russia 11934:Turkey 11785:Patara 11779:Rhodes 11635:Athens 11629:Beroea 11564:Lystra 11522:Lystra 11492:Paphos 11480:Cyprus 11404:in 536 11198:Cyprus 11183:Arabia 10984:Europa 10921:Achaea 10371:Africa 10242:Raetia 10187:Iudaea 10181:Italia 10125:Epirus 10110:Cyprus 10030:Achaia 9969:Pontus 9884:Aeolis 9642: 9634: 9602: 9584: 9441:Leiden 9422: 9341: 9327:London 9281: 9256: 8578: 8538: 8509: 8485: 8449: 8418: 8387: 8211: 8101: 8074: 8040: 7993: 7970: 7962: 7954: 7886: 7797: 7766: 7715: 7711:–155. 7525: 7498: 7473: 7465: 7380: 7340: 7148: 7128: 7108: 7033: 6973:189385 6971: 6953:353134 6951: 6775:25 May 6573:Luwian 6527:Luwian 6320:Luwian 6269:Luwian 6237:Luwian 6215:Typhon 6170:Strabo 6069:Zeitun 6065:Hadjin 6040:Aleppo 5976:Mersin 5964:Taşucu 5929:Ankara 5899:Mersin 5879:Ankara 5647:Sport 5382:Sport 5357:Sports 5351:Mersin 5339:Tarsus 5310:Düziçi 5260:, and 5258:Gülnar 5250:Anamur 5238:Tarsus 5234:Mersin 5205:Ceyhan 5032:Castle 5023:Ceyhan 5013:Mersin 4999:Typhon 4848:Düziçi 4808:Zorkun 4769:Mersin 4765:Mersin 4749:Anamur 4717:Batman 4657:Mersin 4642:Ceyhan 4627:Ceyhan 4619:Tarsus 4605:Pumice 4565:Mersin 4561:Baryte 4551:Chrome 4531:Mining 4489:Anamur 4471:Ceyhan 4463:Mersin 4459:Ceyhan 4451:Tarsus 4399:Mersin 4365:Mersin 4360:Anamur 4349:Mersin 4326:Düziçi 4310:Ceyhan 4213:Mersin 4208:Tarsus 4145:Mersin 4140:Mersin 4130:Tarsus 4106:Mersin 4077:Mersin 3979: 3935:Kartir 3912:Mithra 3908:Nergal 3801:5,524 3763:Düziçi 3751:Sumbas 3747:3,767 3705:Aladağ 3697:Ceyhan 3665:Seyhan 3635:Tarsus 3600:Gülnar 3588:Anamur 3580:Mersin 3575:Mersin 3544:Ankara 3528:Mersin 3522:Modern 3501:Luwian 3384:Mersin 3382:, and 3362:Modern 3265:Mopsus 3220:Legacy 3157:Beirut 2906:sanjak 2900:. The 2842:Mamluk 2787:Tarsus 2759:Latins 2720:Camili 2692:Sempad 2617:, and 2615:Amouda 2595:Bagras 2589:, and 2562:. 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