338:
597:
279:, he attempted to live the life of a hermit ascetic in the wilderness, but his feats of physical endurance and self-denial attracted pilgrims seeking religious instruction and other devout admirers. In an effort to escape from such distractions, he resolved to live on a small platform atop a 3-meter column. The height of the column was raised over time to 18 meters. From his perch, Simeon preached twice a day to the crowds who gathered to witness this spectacle of self-mortification. A ladder attached to the column allowed messengers to bring food and written messages to Simeon, who also sent letters to his followers this way. He became well-known enough to attract the attention of the eastern emperors Theodosius, Leo, and
609:
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449:. The baptistery was constructed in two phases; the baptistery itself first and related little basilicas later. The baptistery took the form of an octagonal drum that lay on the top of the square base of the building. At some point, it was filled with a wooden roof, with shape either like a cone or dome. The inner octagon was covered in a rectangular outer building. At the far end of the chamber to the east lays a semi-circular
1052:
360:, the idea of the church of Saint Simeon was born and realized as one project over a short span of time. It was designed in a cruciform made up of four distinct basilica complexes. The high number of pilgrims who frequently flocked to the column of Saint Simeon to pray necessitated the construction of the church in 473 AD.
537:
has caused a lot of damage to the historical site in the violence between the opposing parties in the conflict. Additionally, the building has been destroyed through illegal digging and stone removal. It is one of the many ancient buildings on the
Northern side of Syria which have been degraded by
398:
The cross shaped church was finely preserved. Inside, the pillar of Saint Simeon is still visible, but it has been reduced to approximately 2 meters high and now resembles a boulder in the middle of the courtyard. The reduction in the length of the pillar can be attributed to many years of
291:, it was settled in favor of Antioch. His remains were transported to Antioch, accompanied by a procession of the patriarch of Constantinople, 6 bishops, the Master-General of the East, 21 counts and tribunes and 6,000 soldiers. His tomb became a major pilgrimage destination.
444:
was constructed shortly after the construction of the main church, and it served as a crucial part of the pilgrimage complex. The design of the baptistery was often regarded to be amongst the remarkable artifacts of the
Christian architecture in the entire
283:, who sought his advice and implored his intervention in state affairs. Simeon lived on the column for years, dying in AD 459 at the approximate age of 69. After a fierce contest for the possession of his remains between
428:. Originally, Deir Semaan (Simeon Monastery) bore the name of Telanissos and was established to make the most of the two productive plains that surrounded it. In the mid of the 5th century AD, the locals established a
325:. Until just recently, remains of the pillar of Saint Simeon still stood, despite having been whittled down to a block only a few meters tall from years of pilgrims cutting down small parts for themselves as
411:
on the cross. The east basilica is considerably bigger than other basilicas. The more significant size can be attributed to the critical role it played in hosting key ceremonies, making it most important.
302:. The octagonal crossing was surmounted by a dome; at its center stood Simeon's column. The church was the centerpiece of a walled monastic complex that included two minor churches, and pilgrim hostels.
363:
The ambitious plan of the church of Saint Simeon complex portrays numerous architectural designs. The fundamental concept of the three-aisled basilica can be traced to the lasting traditions of the
432:
on the plains and in 412 AD, Saint Simeon opted to be part of it. Later on, he left the locals to live there as he went to live in the mountain above the plains where the monastery was situated.
294:
A few decades following Saint Simeon's death, a large monastic church occupying over 5,000 square meters was constructed on the site where his pillar stood. The church was made up of four
1688:
1229:
275:
mountains village. He entered a monastery at the age of 16, but he was judged to be unsuited for cenobitic life due to his extravagant asceticism. Following the example of
2380:
569:
attacked the church, damaging the remains of the pillar of St Simeon as well as the rest of the ruins. By 8 February 2020, the hilltop near the site was occupied by the
461:
The processional route guides towards the Deir Semaan (Simeon
Monastery) emanates from the western side of the baptistery. At the opening of this road is the monumental
525:, who used it as a fortress. This compromised the symbolism of the complex as a holy site but did not stop worshippers from continuing to visit the complex to worship.
2370:
337:
465:, which runs from the monastery in the direction of the baptistery. The location of the church on the hill provides views of the surrounding countryside.
329:; substantial surviving parts of the column shaft were last visible in the 17th century. The dome above it apparently survived until the 19th century.
383:
on the way to the cathedral on the mountain. In addition, two monasteries are visible from the church; a bazaar which is a few little housings, and a
205:) is one of the oldest surviving church complexes, founded in the 5th century. It is located approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwestern of
2075:
121:
994:, Suggestion to have Saint Simeon Stylites recognized as a UNESCO world heritage site, in 2006, as part of "Simeon Citadel and Dead Cities" project.
1056:
1541:
367:. It is reported that the main basilica and the baptistery were the first to be constructed. Subsequently, the monastery and the fixtures to the
949:
2365:
998:
473:
As of June 2011, the Church and surrounding village were designated by United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (
61:
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1521:
656:
632:
668:
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in the shape of a rood-tree and described as a four-basilica church. The idea of a crucifix was to represent the crucifixion of
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The baptistery was located on the opposite side of the southern basilica, down the sacred road known as Via Sacra. The
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554:
114:
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The
Protestant: Essays on the Principal Points of Controversy between the Church of Rome and the Reformed
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were built last in the construction process. A notable part of the church of Saint Simeon is the massive
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514:. Afterwards, the Byzantines fortified the church. The complex was attacked and conquered by the
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950:"Syrian monastery where St Simeon sat on a pillar for four decades damaged by missile attack"
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8:
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followed. Ultimately, the other parts of the complex including the colossal arch on the
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103:
778:
390:. The following are the numerous grouped buildings that were arranged at the complex.
341:
A Plan and Views of the
Convent of St Simon Stylites, and of some Ancient Sepulchres,
2012:
1916:
1425:
1400:
1204:
1184:
1070:
Gatier, P.; T. Sinclair; M. Ballance; R. Warner; R. Talbert; T. Elliott; S. Gillies.
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732:
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276:
161:
45:
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2198:
2131:
2007:
1936:
1921:
1911:
1866:
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1769:
1405:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1027:
Age of spirituality: late antique and early
Christian art, third to seventh century
562:
534:
522:
507:
317:
Long abandoned and ruined, the site is part of the series of ruins referred as the
305:
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1219:
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186:
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2002:
1987:
1931:
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1163:
1021:
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288:
280:
1063:
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1997:
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1446:
1239:
1234:
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961:
272:
136:
123:
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1982:
1977:
1946:
1891:
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364:
99:
73:
66:
256:
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1992:
1972:
1951:
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1254:
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318:
2126:
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850:, Cincinnati, Ohio, St. Anthony Messenger Press, 1998, Sound recording.
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1194:
1069:
1010:
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1348/multiple=1&unique_number=1761
802:
Lawler, Michael G.; Salzman, Todd A.; Burke-Sullivan, Eileen (2014).
551:
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295:
2168:
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that encompasses a tunnel with steps heading down to its location.
354:
1856:
707:
538:
the conflict. The structure has been under threat from both the
299:
284:
218:
2163:
1124:
1051:
927:
757:
Hase, Karl V.; Blumenthal, Charles E.; Wing, Conway P. (1855).
519:
474:
421:
387:
357:
206:
1119:
539:
511:
503:
446:
420:
Bordering the south partition of the eastern basilica laid a
408:
326:
322:
210:
107:
862:
The
Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi: glory and destruction
860:
Bonsanti, Giorgio; Roli, Ghigo; Sartarelli, Stephen (1998).
804:
The Church in the Modern World: Gaudium Et Spes Then and Now
731:. Vol. II. New York: Modern Library. pp. 362–363.
801:
515:
499:
462:
384:
376:
221:
224:. The church is popularly known as either Qalaat Semaan (
729:
The
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
859:
260:
Symeon the
Stylite, illustrated in the 11th century
243:
231:
200:
561:but was subsequently lost to factions opposing the
2381:5th-century establishments in the Byzantine Empire
779:"Forgotten amid the bombs: Idlib's ancient riches"
756:
213:. It was constructed on the site of the pillar of
2076:Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex
823:Syria's Monuments: Their Survival and Destruction
550:. On 28 May 2015, the church was captured by the
2342:
456:
2371:Buildings and structures in Aleppo Governorate
399:relic-gathering by pilgrims. The courtyard is
1102:
1719:Mamoun University for Science and Technology
546:governments through their conflict over the
502:conquest during the struggle for control of
237:
236:, the "Fortress of Simeon") or Deir Semaan (
225:
34:
28:
16:Historical church northwest of Aleppo, Syria
910:The Baptistery: Or, The Way of Eternal Life
889:
393:
1109:
1095:
819:
498:The church was negatively affected by the
298:that emanated from the sides of a central
44:
874:
415:
907:
379:that is located at the beginning of the
336:
313:in 2000, before 2016 Russian airstrikes.
304:
255:
1542:Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption
947:
2343:
894:. Rochester, NY: Parsons & Phelps.
726:
638:South facade of Church of Saint Simeon
1090:
988:, (Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 1982), 8–9.
903:
901:
806:. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.
776:
493:
924:"Ancient Villages of Northern Syria"
815:
813:
772:
770:
768:
761:. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
752:
750:
748:
703:History of Roman and Byzantine domes
2366:Byzantine church buildings in Syria
1486:Church of the Dormition of Our Lady
826:. BRILL. pp. 251–253 and 524.
528:
309:The remains of the pillar of Saint
238:
226:
190:
35:
29:
13:
1709:Aleppo Centre for Culture and Arts
1015:
898:
820:Greenhalgh, Michael (2016-11-03).
674:Pattern in the walls of the Church
479:Ancient Villages of Northern Syria
14:
2392:
1522:Church of Saint Francis of Assisi
1045:
868:
810:
765:
759:A History of the Christian Church
745:
2284:Aleppo Artillery School massacre
2061:Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex
1579:Church of the Holy Mother of God
1118:
1050:
877:The Church Historians of England
679:
667:
662:Facade of Church of Saint Simeon
655:
643:
631:
619:
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595:
583:
1560:Cathedral of Elijah the Prophet
1476:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
1072:"Places: 658606 (Symeon, Mon.)"
1057:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
948:Spencer, Richard (2016-05-13).
941:
916:
332:
183:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
22:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
2351:Christian monasteries in Syria
1739:International School of Aleppo
992:Simeon Citadel and Dead Cities
912:. Ann Arbor, MI: Proquest LLC.
883:
853:
840:
795:
720:
248:, the "Monastery of Simeon").
1:
2356:World Heritage Sites in Syria
864:. New York, N.Y: H.N. Abrams.
713:
435:
2259:Aleppo International Airport
2071:Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex
2066:Aleppo International Stadium
698:Oldest churches in the world
457:Extensions to the Baptistery
202:Kanīsat Mār Simʿān el-ʿAmūdī
7:
1689:Aleppo Citadel Amphitheatre
1230:Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili
1200:Central Synagogue of Aleppo
777:Darke, Diana (2020-02-08).
691:
548:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing
244:
232:
201:
10:
2397:
2081:Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena
1821:Saadallah al-Jabiri Square
1699:National Library of Aleppo
1527:Church of the Holy Trinity
1064:180 photographs in gallery
1032:Metropolitan Museum of Art
978:
875:Stevenson, Joseph (1853).
576:
349:As opposed to many of the
271:was born in 390 AD in the
251:
2329:
2239:Massacre of Aleppo (1850)
2144:
2089:
2041:Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium
2028:
2021:
1965:
1847:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
1839:
1798:
1752:
1704:National Museum of Aleppo
1679:
1623:
1587:
1569:
1550:
1532:Cathedral of Saint Joseph
1512:
1505:
1491:Mar Assia al-Hakim Church
1468:
1459:
1434:
1353:
1344:
1278:
1172:
1131:
890:M'Gavin, William (1833).
468:
353:that were constructed in
167:
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152:
113:
95:
90:
82:
72:
60:
55:
43:
26:
21:
1537:Church of the Holy Cross
1250:Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
986:Byzantine Pilgrimage Art
908:Williams, Issac (2011).
590:View of the surroundings
403:and is bordered by four
394:The four-basilica church
2309:September 2012 bombings
1481:Forty Martyrs Cathedral
1149:New Aleppo Neighborhood
848:Treasures of the Church
727:Gibbon, Edward (1977).
488:
191:كنيسة مار سمعان العمودي
50:Overview of the complex
30:كنيسة مار سمعان العمودي
2299:February 2012 bombings
2289:Siege of Aleppo (1980)
2279:Chemins de Fer Syriens
2219:Siege of Aleppo (1260)
2214:1138 Aleppo earthquake
1496:Saint Elijah Cathedral
1366:Great Mosque of Aleppo
1270:Grand Serail of Aleppo
1260:Aleppo railway station
1180:Ancient City of Aleppo
1139:Ancient City of Aleppo
416:The U-shaped monastery
346:
314:
265:
262:Menologion of Basil II
174:Byzantine architecture
115:Geographic coordinates
2314:October 2012 bombings
2189:Siege of Aleppo (637)
2051:Al-Hamadaniah Stadium
2046:Al-Assad Sports Arena
1744:Lycée français d'Alep
1694:Aleppo Citadel Museum
1059:at Wikimedia Commons
997:"St. Simeon Church."
686:Remains of the atrium
340:
308:
259:
215:Saint Simeon Stylites
137:36.33417°N 36.84389°E
2376:5th-century churches
2224:Battle of Marj Dabiq
1887:Levon Ter-Petrossian
1724:Al-Shahba University
1714:University of Aleppo
1411:Al-Saffahiyah Mosque
1361:Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque
1159:Salaheddine District
650:Icon of Saint Simeon
2319:University bombings
2304:March 2012 bombings
2146:Historical timeline
1942:Saadallah al-Jabiri
1902:Mustafa Bey Barmada
1816:Sabaa Bahrat Square
1799:Streets and squares
1391:Al-Sahibiyah Mosque
1225:Khanqah al-Farafira
1210:Hammam Bab al-Ahmar
1205:Al-Shibani building
1005:Sacred Destinations
571:Turkish Land Forces
565:. In May 2016, the
483:World Heritage Site
133: /
2274:1947 Aleppo pogrom
2056:Al-Ittihad Stadium
1831:King Faisal Street
1765:Aleppo Public Park
1421:Al-Adiliyah Mosque
1416:Khusruwiyah Mosque
1386:Altun Bogha Mosque
1215:Hammam al-Nahhasin
1173:Historic landmarks
879:. London: Seeleys.
494:Arab-Byzantine War
477:) as part of the "
347:
315:
266:
142:36.33417; 36.84389
104:Aleppo Governorate
2338:
2337:
2140:
2139:
2013:Sabkhat al-Jabbul
1917:Ronaldo Mouchawar
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1571:Oriental Orthodox
1455:
1454:
1426:Behramiyah Mosque
1401:Al-Tawashi Mosque
1195:Al-Jdayde quarter
1185:Citadel of Aleppo
1055:Media related to
1030:, no. 590, 1979,
833:978-90-04-33460-1
567:Russian Air Force
199:
179:
178:
2388:
2294:Battle of Aleppo
2154:Rulers of Aleppo
2132:Shorta Aleppo SC
2026:
2025:
2008:Limestone Massif
1937:Qustaki al-Himsi
1922:Rushdi al-Kikhya
1912:Qustaki al-Himsi
1867:Hilarion Capucci
1862:Harut Sassounian
1770:Al-Snoubari Park
1562:(Greek Orthodox)
1552:Eastern Orthodox
1510:
1509:
1466:
1465:
1442:Ar-Rahman Mosque
1406:Al-Otrush Mosque
1381:Mahmandar Mosque
1376:Al-Qaiqan Mosque
1371:Al-Nuqtah Mosque
1351:
1350:
1311:Al-Shadbakhtiyah
1123:
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1111:
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1001:(accessed 2008).
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529:Syrian Civil War
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2254:Baghdad Railway
2159:Kingdom of Armi
2136:
2122:Ommal Aleppo SC
2112:Al-Herafyeen SC
2085:
2036:7 April Stadium
2017:
1961:
1957:Simeon Stylites
1897:Moustapha Akkad
1835:
1806:Al-Hatab Square
1794:
1785:Sheraton Aleppo
1748:
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1607:Martyrs' Church
1597:Emmanuel Church
1583:
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1306:Al-Muqaddamiyah
1274:
1220:Hammam Yalbugha
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1022:Weitzmann, Kurt
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1016:Further reading
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343:Richard Pococke
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2269:People's Party
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2249:Qudud Halabiya
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2244:Aleppo Vilayet
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2234:Levant Company
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2019:
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2003:Aleppo plateau
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1985:
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1932:Paul of Aleppo
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1907:Nazim al-Kudsi
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1190:Al-Madina Souq
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1164:Sheikh Maqsood
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2107:Al-Yarmouk SC
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2102:Al-Hurriya SC
2100:
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2097:Al-Ittihad SC
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2194:Aleppo Codex
1983:Mount Simeon
1978:Dhahab River
1947:Sabah Fakhri
1892:Louay Kayali
1882:Joseph Safra
1680:Culture and
1666:Bab al-Faraj
1661:Bab al-Jinan
1656:Bab Antakeya
1646:Bab al-Maqam
1636:Bab al-Ahmar
1631:Bab al-Hadid
1475:
1336:Al-Zahiriyah
1301:Al-Kameliyah
1296:Al-Halawiyah
1286:Al-Ahmadiyah
1076:. Retrieved
1049:
1034:, New York,
1025:
985:
984:Gary Vikan,
965:. Retrieved
953:
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918:
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782:
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506:between the
497:
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333:Architecture
316:
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269:Saint Simeon
267:
182:
180:
153:Architecture
100:Mount Simeon
2361:Dead Cities
2184:Dead Cities
2179:Aleppo soap
1993:Mount Barsa
1973:Queiq River
1952:Saint Maron
1790:Shahba Mall
1780:Club d'Alep
1671:Bab al-Nasr
1255:Baron Hotel
319:Dead Cities
245:Dayr Simʿān
140: /
62:Affiliation
2345:Categories
2127:Ouroube SC
1852:Al-Ma'arri
1734:École Amal
1589:Protestant
1498:(Maronite)
1291:Al-Firdaws
1265:Villa Rose
1074:. Pleiades
999:Syria Gate
967:2020-02-21
788:2020-02-21
714:References
508:Byzantines
442:baptistery
436:Baptistery
369:baptistery
351:cathedrals
227:قلعة سمعان
128:36°50′38″E
125:36°20′03″N
36:قلعة سمعان
2204:Mirdasids
2199:Hamdanids
2174:Bit Agusi
1682:education
962:0307-1235
451:apsidiole
430:monastery
426:monastery
405:basilicas
401:octagonal
381:Via Sacra
373:Via Sacra
296:basilicas
239:دير سمعان
196:romanized
67:Christian
2169:Palistin
2117:Jalaa SC
1775:Abu Abdo
1514:Catholic
1469:Historic
1461:Churches
1354:Historic
1279:Madrasas
1154:Ramouseh
1078:March 8,
783:BBC News
692:See also
614:Interior
510:and the
355:medieval
96:Location
91:Location
86:in ruins
56:Religion
2209:Zengids
1857:Buhturi
1346:Mosques
1066:, PBase
1024:, ed.,
979:Sources
933:14 July
708:Umar II
577:Gallery
552:Kurdish
544:Turkish
300:octagon
285:Antioch
252:History
219:stylite
198::
2164:Yamhad
2029:Venues
1966:Nature
1506:Modern
1435:Modern
1125:Aleppo
1038:
960:
928:UNESCO
830:
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540:Syrian
520:Aleppo
475:UNESCO
469:UNESCO
424:and a
422:chapel
388:chapel
365:Romans
358:Europe
345:, 1745
327:relics
273:Amanus
207:Aleppo
187:Arabic
162:Church
83:Status
78:475 AD
2090:Clubs
2022:Sport
602:Court
512:Arabs
504:Syria
481:", a
447:Syria
409:Jesus
323:Syria
211:Syria
169:Style
108:Syria
1080:2012
1036:ISBN
958:ISSN
935:2011
828:ISBN
733:ISBN
542:and
533:The
516:Emir
500:Arab
489:Wars
463:arch
385:tomb
377:arch
287:and
222:monk
181:The
158:Type
559:YPJ
555:YPG
518:of
485:.
321:of
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264:.
185:(
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